人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters趣味单词重点词根词缀词汇讲解课件(共61张PPT)

(共61张PPT)
1.disaster
/ d zɑ:st (r) /
n.灾难；灾害
dis-，相反aster，词根表示“星星”
古代的时候都会观天象而知大事→星位不正→灾难
disaster n.灾难；灾害
→disasterous 灾难性的
This will surely end in disaster.
这无疑将以灾难告终。
2. tornado
/t : ne d /
n.(pl. -oes or-os)
龙卷风；旋风
词根 tour, torn, tourn= to turn 转
torn 转 + ado → 转着的风 → 龙卷风
谐音：他难道，他难道不怕龙卷风？
The tornado destroyed everything in its path, which was horrifying.
令人惊骇的是，龙卷风摧毁了沿途的一切。
3.drought / dra t /
n.旱灾；久旱
drought是dry它，让它很干燥，就是旱灾
drought n.旱灾；久旱
→dry adj.干燥的
Week after week the drought continued.
干旱持续了好多个星期。
4.landslide
/ l ndsla d /
n. ( landfall) (山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡
land，土地，slide，滑落。
Their house was buried by a landslide.
他们的房子被一次山体滑坡掩埋了。
6. tsunami
/ tsu: nɑ:mi /
海啸
该词来源于日语tsunami，其字面意思是“港口的波浪”
谐音：他死了没，海啸中他死了没？
More than 600,000 people were displaced by the tsunami.
超过60万人被海啸搞得背井离乡。
7.flood / fl d /
n. 洪水；大量
vi.淹没；大量涌入
vt使灌满水；淹没
谐音：发了大，所以引申为词义：洪水
flood n.洪水v淹没
→flooded adj.洪水泛滥的
→be flooded with…充满…
Flood waters surged into their homes.
洪水涌进了他们的房子。
9. magnitude
/ m gn tju:d /
n. (地）震级；重大
magni-，巨大的，-tude，名词后缀。
即巨大之物，同时用于地震震级等多种科学术语。
We did not realize the magnitude of the problem.
我们没有意识到这个问题的重要性。
10. rescue / reskju: / n.&vt. 营救；救援
re=res=反复的，重复的，来回的；cue=cure=治疗，救治。
所以rescue就是反复的治疗，反复治疗的目的是营救、援救、挽救。
rescue. . . from. . . 把……从……解救出来
11. damage / d m d /
vt. 损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失
谐音：大面积——大面积（损坏）
【归纳拓展】
(1)cause/do great damage to 对…造成损害
(2) damaged adj.受损坏的
练出神 单句填空
①Eating too much meat one time will cause damage 　　　　　your stomach.
②The 　　　　　(damage) aircraft was flying on only one engine.
③He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should____________　　　　(damage).
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
④昨天晚上旅馆里发生了一场大火,造成了很大的损失。
A big fire broke out in the hotel yesterday evening,which ________ _______
___________.
to　
damaged　
be damaged　
caused great
damage
12.destroy/d ’str / vt. 摧毁；毁灭
de-，夺去，损毁。-stroy，建造，词源同structure（结构，构造），construction（建筑）。
连起来就是：损毁、夺去已经建造好的东西，引申为损毁、损坏。
destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭
→destruction n.破坏
→destructive adj.破坏性的
They destroy only about half of the crops.
他们只摧毁了一半的作物。
13.evacuate / v kjue t /
vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离
e-，向外。-vac，空的，词源同vacate，vacation
evacuate vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离
→evacuation n.撤离
Locals were told to evacuate.
当地居民已得到撤离的通知。
14.helicopter
/ hel k pt (r)/
n. 直升机
helico-，螺旋，-pter，翅膀，词源同feather,pterodactyl.比喻单词用法。
The helicopter rose into the air.
直升机升上了天空。
16.affect / ’fekt/
vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动
(1)be affected by 受到……的影响
(2)affection n.喜爱
effect n.影响
Your opinion will not affect my decision.
你的意见不会影响我的决定。
练出神 单句填空
①More than seven million people have been affected 　　　　　drought.
②I feel much 　　　　　(affect) for my mum,whose words and actions have a positive effect on me.
写精彩 句式升级·背诵
③Many young people were deeply affected by his story and began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
→　　　　　　　　　　 his story,many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.(过去分词短语作状语)
by　
affection　
Deeply affected by
18. crack /kr k/
n.裂纹；裂缝
vi. &vt. (使）破裂
拟声词。
The ice started to crack.
冰开始裂了。
20.ruin /’ru: n/
n. &vt. 破坏；毁坏
in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
(1) in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
be/lie in ruins成为废墟;毁灭
(2)ruin one’s health/fame/future毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途
练出神 单句填空
①Three-fourths of the crop 　　　　　　(ruin) by the flood last night.
②After the wave came,the sandcastle on the beach lay in 　　　　　(ruin).
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
③地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟,这让我们彻夜未眠。
The whole city lay 　　　 　　　after the earthquake,which made us awake all night.
was ruined　
ruins　
in ruins
21.percent / p sent / n. 百分之 ….
per，每，-cent，百，百分之一，词源century（世纪，百年），centimeter.引申词义百分比，百分率。
→percentage n.百分比
Only 8 percent of the area is forested.
这里只有百分之八是丛林地带。
22.brick /br k/
n. 砖；砖块
词源同break，原指碎石片。
The school is built of brick.
那所学校是用砖建造的。
23.metal /’metl/
n. 金属
mental / ment( )l / adj.存在于大脑中的，思考的；精神的，思想的，智力的
metallic adj.金属般的
If metal gets hot it expands.
金属受热就膨胀。
24.shock / k/
n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克
vt (使）震惊
谐音：休克。
in shock 吃惊;休克
shocked adj.吃惊的;震惊的
shocking adj.令人震惊的
练出神 单句填空
①Everyone in the street was 　　　　　(shock) when they heard the news.
②　　　　　(shock) by the explosion,people ran about in the street.
③His not passing the final exam was 　　　great shock to his parents.
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
④我震惊地望着丈夫,期待他告诉我,这一切都是我的误解。但他只是摇了摇头。
I looked at my husband 　　　 　　 　　,waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.But he only shook his head.
shocked　
Shocked　
a　
in shock
25.electricity
/ lek tr s ti /
n.电；电能
来自词根electro，电
→electrician n.电工
→electric adj.电动的,用电的
→electrical adj.与(用)电有关的
→electronic adj.电子的
He cannot fix the electricity.
他不会修理电路。
26. /tr p/
vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套
n. 险境；陷阱
(1)be/get trapped in 被困在……中;陷入困境
trap sb.into(doing) sth.诱骗某人(做)某事
(2)set a trap for 给……设圈套
fall into a trap 落入圈套/陷阱
Suspecting nothing, he walked right into the trap.
他毫无觉察，径直走入陷阱。
练出神 单句填空
①When the accident happened,they were trapped 　　　　　the lift.
②If you walk into the forest,you’re likely to fall 　　　　　a trap.
③The man trapped the little boy into 　　　　　　　(enter) the building.
④She had set a trap 　　　　　him and he walked straight into it.
写精彩 句式升级·背诵
⑤Because of the greenhouse effect,the earth is warmed by gases which are trapped in the atmosphere.
→Because of the greenhouse effect,the earth is warmed by gases
　　　　　　　the atmosphere.
in　
into　
entering　
for　
trapped in
27. bury / beri /
vt. 埋葬；安葬
bur(形似bum，燃烧)+y(动词后缀)→尸体燃烧完→埋葬。
(1)bury...in...把……埋到……里
bury one’s face in one’s hands双手掩面
(2)be buried in=bury oneself in埋头于;专心于;沉浸于
练出神 单句填空
①Since his wife left,he has buried himself 　　　　　his work.
②When I entered the room,I found him 　　　　　(bury) his face in his hands.
③The girl was sitting on the bench in the park,　　　　　(bury) her head in the book.
④He stood on the sidewalk with his hands 　　　　　(bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat.
in　
burying　
burying　
buried　
28.breathe / bri: / vi.&vt.呼吸
breath n.呼吸
breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 气喘吁吁地,上气不接下气地
take a deep breath=breathe deeply 深呼吸
练出神 单句填空
①Tired and out 　　　　　breath,Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
②How long a person can hold his 　　　　　(breathe) underwater depends a lot on how healthy he is.
③If you take 　　　　　deep breath,you can stay underwater for more than a minute.
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
④我们到达山顶时气喘吁吁。
We were _______ ________ ________when we got to the top of the hill.
of　
breath　
a　
out of breath
29.revive / r va v / vt.& vi复活；（使）苏醒
re-再+-viv=life活+-e
再次活过来，就是复活
revival / r va vl/
n. 振兴；复苏
The economy is beginning to revive.
经济开始复苏。
31.effort /’ef t /
n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
ef-，向外。-fort，力量。向外发力=努力。
make an effort to do sth.努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事
with great effort 努力地
It takes effort to do sth.做某事需要努力
练出神 单句填空
①It takes great effort 　　　　　　　　　(master) a foreign language.
②She took a deep breath and sat up slowly 　　　　　great effort.
③Everyone ought to have a will and spare no effort 　　　　　　　(achieve) our target.
④This can lead to misunderstanding,unless we make an effort ____________　　　　　　　　　　(understand).
to master　
with　
to achieve　
to understand
32.unify / ju:n fa / vi.&vt. 统一；（使）成一体
-un-单一+-ify动
由你法一，由你来制定法律，使成统一词词尾
The new leader hopes to unify the country.
新领袖希望把国家统一起来。
33.wisdom / w zd m / n. 智慧；才智
wise（聪明）+dom（名词后缀）/
又如freedom
→wise adj.有智慧的;明智的
→wisely adv.明智地;精明地
Solomon excelled in wisdom.
所罗门智慧过人。
34.context/ k ntekst / n. 上下文；语境；背景
词根：con-，强调。-text，编织=共同编制（文章不就是有很多的不同的句子共同交织成了一个完整的逻辑的整体吗）
You should be able to guess the meaning of the word from the context.
你应该能从上下文猜出这个词的含义。
35.suffer / s f (r) /
vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. ( 因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
谐音1：suff=束缚，er表示人的名词后缀。
联想：人被束缚住了就是【受苦】，【遭受磨难】。
【归纳拓展】
suffer pain/defeat/a loss/poverty/hardship遭受痛苦/失败/损失/贫困/艰难
suffer from 受……之苦;患……病
suffering n.苦难;痛苦;让人痛苦的事(常用复数)
练出神 单句填空
①The Red Cross gave food and clothing to the 　　　　　　　(suffer) in the earthquake.
②The civil war of Syria has brought great 　　　　　　　(suffer) to tens of thousands of people.
③Later,he worked in Africa,where many people suffered 　　　　blindness for lack of proper treatment.
写精彩 句式升级·背诵
④As he had suffered such a great loss,he almost lost the hope for life.
→　　　　　　　　　 such a great loss,he almost lost the hope for life.(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
sufferers　
sufferings　
from　
Having suffered
37.erupt / r pt / vi.&vt. ( 火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出
前缀 e- 外、出，词根 rupt 破、断裂
→eruption n.爆发;喷出
The volcano could erupt at any time.
这座火山随时可能爆发。
38.supply / s pla /
n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt. 供应；供给
sup-下（=sub从下往上，比如subscribe 订阅，订购=就是把要的东西提交上去，然后订阅完成）+-ply-充满（=plenty充足的，充分的）→从下面往上面补充=供应，供给。
【归纳拓展】
in short supply 供不应求
练出神 单句填空
①Food 　　　　　　(supply) in the flood-stricken area are running out.
②They used the money 　　　　　　　(supply) the school with new textbooks.
③I’d like to know the reason why the milk is 　　　　　short supply in this area now.
④Whenever she goes out with her baby,she always takes 　　　　　large supply of baby food with her.
supplies　
to supply　
in　
a　
39.typhoon / ta fu:n / n.台风
音译词台（ty）风（phoon）
The typhoon hit the coastal areas.
台风侵袭沿海地区。
41.hurricane
/ h r k n /
n . ( 尤指大西洋的）飓风
hurri急，快递；cane谐音“啃”。Hurricane快速地把一个地方啃平了。
She was caught in a hurricane.
她遇上了飓风。
42. survive / s va v/
vt. 幸存；艰难度过
vi.生存；存活
sur=在……上（surface在……表面上）；因为l=v，所以vive=live，而live=生存，活着，生存之上的就是没死的，幸存的。
【归纳拓展】
(1)survive sth.幸免于;从……中挺过来/活下来
survive on 依靠……生存下来
(2)survival n.[U]幸存;[C]残存物
survivor n.幸存者;生还者
练出神 单句填空
①How did the man survive 　　　　　such little food
②Emergency services and volunteers are still searching for ____________　　　　　　　　　(survivor).
③From then on,the mother and her daughter have depended on each other for
　　　　　(survive).
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
④在那次地震中幸存下来后,我们相信其他一切都会好起来的。
After we had _________ ______ _____________,we were confident everything else would be all right.
on　
survivors　
survival　
survived the earthquake
46.whistle / w sl /
vi.吹口哨；发出笛声
vt.吹口哨 n. 哨子（声）；呼啸声
拟声词。
He gave a low, distinct whistle.
他吹了一声低沉而清晰的口哨。
47.emergency
/ i m :d nsi /
n. 突发事件；紧急情况
本单词来自emerge，出现，始料不及的情况。e-出，向外+-merg-沉，浸+-ency名词词尾→突然冒出之事
→emergent adj.紧急的;浮现的
→take emergency action 采取紧急措施
The government had to take emergency action.
政府只得采取紧急措施。
48. calm / kɑ:m /
adj.镇静的；沉着的
vt. 使平静；使镇静
【归纳拓展】
calm down 安静下来
stay/keep/remain calm 保持镇静
练出神 单句填空
①They can be trained to keep 　　　　　(calm) in noisy and crowded places.
②You had better calm 　　　　　,or else you will get into trouble.
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
③尽管他很气愤,但他努力使自己平静下来。
Though he was very angry,he tried hard to 　　　　　 　　　　　.
calm　
down　
calm down
48.aid / e d /
n.援助；帮助；救援物资
vi.&vt. (formal) 帮助；援助
谐音=爱的，等于援助、帮助、助手的意思。
first aid急救
Food aid is urgently needed.
迫切需要食物援助。
51.crash / kr /
vi.&vt. 碰撞；撞击
n. 撞车；碰撞
拟声词，模仿碰撞的声音
垮(cr)成一堆灰(ash)，肯定是因为撞击别的东西了。
crush / kr / v.压坏，挤压变形；捣碎，碾成粉末；把……挤入，将……塞进（狭小的空间内）n.拥挤的人群；（对某人短暂的）迷恋；迷恋对象
She was frightened that the plane would crash.
她害怕飞机会坠毁。
55. sweep /swi:p/ vt.&vi. ( swept,swept) 打扫；清扫
【归纳拓展】
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
→sweep out 打扫干净
→sweep aside 对……置之不理
sweep into 把……扫入……;昂然走进
练出神 单句填空
①People visit their ancestors’ graves to sweep 　　　　　the dirt.
②She swept the pile of papers and books 　　　　　her bag.
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
③没人注意到她是怎么进房间的。
Nobody noticed how she 　　　　 　　　　　　the room.
away　
into　
swept into
56.wave / we v /
n.海浪；波浪
vi.&vt. 挥手；招手
英语26个字母在早期发展的过程中都是象形文字。如W的形状代表波浪、弯曲、柔软。这里的wave就是波浪得意思，W恰好是波浪形的。
不信的话请看：Wash(洗涤) 、water（水）、wave（波浪）、well（井）wet（湿的）， swim（游泳）
57. strike / stra k / vi.&vt. (struck,struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打
n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
【归纳拓展】
be struck by 被……打动/迷住
it strikes/hits/occurs to sb.that... 某人突然想起……
be on strike 在罢工
练出神 写出句中strike的含义/单句填空
①That area was struck by a snowstorm.　　　　　
②When the clock strikes six,the children go home for dinner.　　　　　
③They were on strike for higher pays.　　　　　
④As I watched them,an idea struck me.　　　　　　　　　
⑤　　　 struck me that I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day.
⑥The workers will go 　　　　　strike if the demands they put forward are turned down.
侵袭　
报时　
罢工　
突然想到　
It　
on
58.deliver/ d l v (r) / vt.& vi.递送；传达
vt. 发表
de-，完全
liver=liber，自由
使……完全自由，即“释放，交付”，另外，引申义为“给...接生”（使妈妈肚子里面的小baby自由）
【归纳拓展】
deliver a speech/lecture 演讲/讲课
delivery n.投递
be delivered of... 分娩……
练出神 单句填空
①Do you know the boy 　　　　　　　(deliver) the newspapers every day
②I am glad to have been invited to your school 　　　　　　(deliver) a lecture.
④She was delivered 　　　　　a healthy baby boy yesterday evening.
delivering　
to deliver　
of　
60.effect / fekt /
n.影响；结果；效果
【归纳拓展】
→effective adj.有效的→have an effect on 对……有影响
have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
come into/take effect 生效;见效
be of no effect 无效果的
练出神 单句填空
①It won’t be easy to put the changes 　　　　　effect.
②The new law is said to have come 　　　　　effect from April.
写精彩 一句多译·背诵
重大的科技成果将对我们的生活和社会产生很大的影响。
→③Great scientific achievements will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　our life as well as society.
→④Great scientific achievements will 　　　　　　　　　our life as well as society.
into　
into　
have a great effect on/upon
greatly affect
61.length/ le θ/
n.长；长度
根据声音变化法则：e=o，所以leng=long=长的。th为名词后缀，所以为长度的名词。
→lengthen v.（使）变长
in length长度
at length最后，终于；详细地
It is about a metre in length.
它大约有一米长。