2024届高考高三英语二轮复习定语从句讲解课件(共60张PPT)

(共60张PPT)
定语从句
目录
1.相关基本概念
2.关系代词与关系副词
3.非限定性定语从句
4.练习
单击此处添加您的副标题
1. 相关基本概念
举例：
1.They are ordinary medical workers. 2.They make great contributions to fighting against NCP.
They are ordinary medical workers who make great contributions to fighting against NCP.
1.相关基本概念
They are ordinary medical workers who make great contributions to fighting against NCP.
在复合句中，起修饰、限定人或 物的从句。定语从句在句中相当于一个 （形容词/副词/动词/名词） ，起“定语”的作用，一般翻译成“.....的”
被修饰的名词或代词叫 先行词 ，定语从句位于 名词 后面，由 关系词 来引导。
连接主从句的词叫 关系词 ，分为关系 代词 和关系 副词 。
关系词的功能：既能指代先行词，且在从句中充当一定成分，又能起到连词的作用。
1. 相关基本概念
构成要素
先行词：被定语从句修饰的 或
关系词：分为 和
从句：一般紧跟在 —— 的后面。
结构： 词+ 词+从句
分类： 和 非限制性定语从句
They are ordinary medical workers who make great contributions to fighting against NCP.
名词
代词
关系代词
关系副词
名词/代词
先行
关系
限定性定语从句
2. 关系代词与关系副词
指代人 who, whom, that, as
指代事物 which, that, as
所属关系 whose
指地点 where 指时间 when 指原因 why
关 系 代 词
关 系 副 词
关系词
定语从句构成要素：先行词+关系词+从句
关系词小结
关系词 指代 在从句中充当成分
关系代词 that 人/物 主语/宾语
which 物 主语/宾语
who 人 主语/宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose ……的 所有格(定语）
as 人/物 主语/宾语/表语
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
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They are ordinary medical workers who make great contributions to fighting against NCP.
定语从句解题步骤：
1. 区分____________
2. 确定____________
3.判断先行词指人还是物，且判断从句缺 语法成分吗？（做主语、宾语或状语）
主句和从句
先行词
关系代词
关系副词
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Read, translate and analyse
Lisa is the girl who lives next door.
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.
Is this the house where she was born
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
Can you tell me the office where she works
That is the house which he built.
He didn’t know the reason why the teacher became angry.
1. 确定主从句 2. 找出先行词
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The building __________ is standing near the river is our school.
The teachers teach our class are all experienced teachers.
The poor boy still remembered the day _____ he was abandoned by his father.
This is the shop ______ Helen bought a lot of clothes.
Nobody knows the reason ____ he is absent.
Liu Qian is a magician _______ performance is popular.
where
who/that
whose
when
which/that
whose when who where which that why
why
先行词表人，在从句中充当主语或宾语，关系词用who或that。
先行词表时间，在从句中和介词一起充当时间状语，关系词用when。
先行词表物，在从句中充当主语或宾语，关系词用which或that。
先行词表地点，在从句中和介词一起充当地点状语，关系词用where。
先行词是reason，在从句中和for一起充当原因状语，关系词用why。
先行词是人/物，在从句中充当定语，关系词用whose。
Practice
Some university students carried out a campaign _______ they celebrated their whole day without cell phones.
where
Practice
1. We are living in an age many things are done on computer.
A．which B．that C．whose D．when
2. Do you still remember the chicken farm we visited three months ago
A. where B. when C. that D. what
3. Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t.
A. who ; 不填B. 不填 ; who C. who ; who D. 不填; 不填
1. -- What do you think of teaching, Bob
---I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ____ you are
doing something serious but interesting.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
2. Children who are not active or ___ diet is high in fat will
gain weight quickly.
A. what B. whose C. which D. that
1. I live next door to a couple children often make a
lot of noise.
A. whose B. why C. where D. which
2. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may
be inspirations for great inventions.
A. that B. as C. where D. when
Do you still remember the day
we joined the Party
Do you still remember the day
we spent together
my father works.
we visited last week.
This is the factory This is the factory That is the reason That is the reason
you are always late. he gave us.
先行词在从句中做状语时，
关系副词（when/where/why)可以替换为 【介词＋which】
关系副词=介词+which
易混关系代词的区别
1）什么时候只用that 不用which
2) 什么时候只用which 不用that
that 在定语从句中，即可指人又可以指物；which只能指物。
1. 只用which的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
b) 介词后只能用which。
a. It has been raining for three days, which makes it
difficult for us to travel.
b. We depend on the land from which we get our food.
　　
2. 只能用that的情况
先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词时;
There is nothing that we can do for her.
先行词被all, any, every, no, some, little, much等词修饰时;
The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great
inventions.
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;
This is the most interesting novel that I have read.
that 在定语从句中，即可指人又可以指物；
which只能指物。
that 在定语从句中，即可指人又可以指物；
which只能指物。
2.只能that的情况
先行词被the only, the very(正是,恰是), the last 修饰时
She is the very person that we are looking for.
当先行词既有人又有物,定语从句用that 引导(that既可指人也可指物)
We talked about people and things that we remembered at school.
若主句中有疑问代词who, which时，为了避免重复,关系代词用that　
Who is the person that is standing over there
Summary
1. 基本概念
在复合句中，起修饰、限定人或 物的从句。定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起“定语”的作用，一般翻译成“.....的”
2. 构成（三要素）
先行词、关系词、从句
3. 解题步骤
确定主从句、找先行词、根据先行词在从句中所作的成分选择关系词
3. 关系词
关系副词、关系代词
4. 几种特殊情况（which/that/介词+which)
Practice
(限定性定语从句）
A.which B.that C.who D.whose E.where F.when
1. He is the professor ______ was named Jackson.
He is the professor __________ name was Jackson.
who
whose
2. That is the day ____________ must be remembered.
That is the day ____________ he will never forget.
That is the day ________ he went to college.
which / that
which / that
when
A.which B.that C.who D.whose E.where F.when
3. This is the place __________ he used to live.
This is the place ______________ he visited before.
where
which / that
A.which B.that C.who D.whose E.where F.when
4. I don’t believe the reason __________________ he was late for school.
I don’t believe the reason_______________ he gave me.
why/for which
which / that
A.which B.that C.who D.why E.where F.when
5. I picked up the apples, ________________ were bad.
I picked up the apples. ________________ were bad.
I picked up the apples and / but _______________ were bad.
some of which
Some of them
some of them
5. I have seen many
foreigners, most of _______ are from Europe.
6. I don’t like the way
_____________ he spoke
to his mother.
whom
x/that / in which
Summary 先行词“the way”后关系词的用法
the way做定语从句先行词时,在正式语体中,that可被in which所代替；
在非正式语体中,that则往往省略.
由此我们得到the way后接定语从句时的三种模式：
1) the way +that-从句
2) the way +in which-从句
3) the way +从句
The way(in which ,that) they look at problems is wrong.他们看问题的方法不对.
The way(that ,in which)you’re doing it is completely crazy.你这么个干法,简直发疯.
7. The novel _________
the cover was broken
belongs to me.
8. This is the dictionary __________ I paid 5 dollars.
of which
for which
9. He has 10 cousins, three ___________ are clever.
10. This the girl ____________
I learned the news.
11. He is the man ___________you can depend.
of whom
from whom
on whom
as在限定性定语从句中的用法
as引导限制性定语从句详细用法
as引导限制性定语从句时,as即可指代人又可指代物，通常和such, the same, as(so)等连用,
构成：
1. such...as (像那样的……）
2. the same...as （和……一样的）
3. as(so)...as（和……一样）等结构,
即当先行词被以上词修饰/限定时，需要用关系代词引导定语从句并在定语从句充当主语,宾语和表语等成分。
as引导限制性定语从句详细用法1
1. such...as (像那样的……）
2. the same...as （和……一样的）
3. as(so)...as（和……一样）等结构,
as引导限制性定语从句详细用法1
用于such...as...结构（像……那样的）
such用于名词之前,具有形容词性质
I’ve never heard such stories as he told.
1. I’ve never heard such stories as he tells．
我从未听过像他讲的那种故事。
2. He was in such a fury as I've never seen．
他怒气之大，我从没见过。
3. Such women as knew Tom thought he was charming．
认识汤姆的女人都认为他很有魅力。
4. Don’t trust such men as praise you to your face.
不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。
5. You should read only such books as you can understand without much difficulty.
你应当只读那些你读起来不太难懂的书。
such + n. + as从句
像……那样的
注意：
此时应注意as引导的定语从句和结果状语从句
such / so…that… 的区分
He is such a good student as is liked by everyone.
(定语从句，as在从句中作主语)
He is such a good student that he is liked by everyone.
（结果状语从句such…that…） that在从句中不充当任何成分，故不是定语从句，而是结果状语从句
as引导限制性定语从句详细用法 2
1. such...as (像那样的……）
2. the same...as （和……一样的）
3. as(so)...as（和……一样）等结构,
as引导限制性定语从句详细用法 2
the same...as 意为“与...同样的”,
和such一样,the same位于名词之前，有形容词作用
This is the same watch as I lost.
注意：the same...as 意思是“同那一个相似
This is the same watch as I lost.
这同我丢的那块表一样。
This is the same knife as I lost last week．
这把刀和我上周丢的那把一样。
This is the same sickle as I lost yesterday．
这把镰刀和我昨天丢的那把一样。
This is the same material as is used in building the bridge．
这和建那座桥所用的材料一样。
区分：the same…as 和……类似
the same...that 意思是“正是那一个”
This is the same watch that I lost.
这正是我丢的那块表。
This is the same knife that I lost last week．
这是我上周丢的那把刀。
This is the same watch as I lost.
as引导限制性定语从句详细用法 3
1. such...as (像那样的……）
2. the same...as （和……一样的）
3. as(so)...as（和……一样）等结构
as引导限制性定语从句详细用法 3
as(so)...as意为“和...一样”,
后接由many,much等修饰的名词/由形容词修饰的单数名词,
注意其语序为so + adj.+ a + n + as
as引导限制性定语从句详细用法 3
so +adj.+a+n.+as 结构
a. I'm not so strong a man as I was．
我已不像从前一样健康了。
b. He's never written again so good a book as his first one．
他再也没写出像他的第一部那么好的书。
Practice
1. Chongqing is not the same city ________ we have ever seen in
other place.
A. that B. which C. 不填 D. as
2. No period in history has had as many important changes
______ have taken place in the past century.
A. which B. as C. that D. what
3. -Robert, is this yours
-Yes, it’s just the same Walkman _____ I lost on the
playground yesterday.
A. which B. what C. as D. that
Practice
There is no such place________you dream of in this world.
This is such an interesting book_______we all desire to read.
He is such a respectable teacher________is admired by all of us.
I have the same trouble________you have.
目录
1.相关基本概念
2.关系代词与关系副词
3.非限定性定语从句
4.练习
3.非限定性定语从句
（作用/关系词）
1.非限定性定语从句的作用
限制性定语从句对先行词有_______________作用。
非限制性定语从句对先行词有______________作用。
修饰限定
补充说明
She has two brothers who are working in the city.
她有两个在这个城市工作的弟弟。
She has two brothers, who are working in the city.
她有两个弟弟，他们在这个城市工作。
1.非限定性定语从句的作用
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我有个会说英语的姐姐。
我有一个姐姐, 她会说英语。
I have a sister, who can speak English.
I have a sister who can speak English.
我喜欢我妈妈送的那顶帽子。
我有五顶帽子, 其中一顶是我妈妈送的。
I like the hat which my mother gave to me.
I have five hats, one of which was given by my mother.
2.非限定性定语从句的关系词
非限制性定语从句中, 不能用关系代词______、不能用who代替whom。
非限制性定语从句中作宾语用的关系代词 能or不能 省略。
that
I’ve lost the pen ___________ I like very much.
I’ve lost my pen, _____ I like very much.
(which/that)
which
The lady _______________ you talked to just now is my English teacher.
The lady, _____ you talked to just now, is my English teacher.
(whom/who/that)
whom
非限定性定语从句关系词小结
关系词 指代 在从句中充当成分
关系代词 that 人/物 主语/宾语
which 物 主语/宾语
who 人 主语/宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose ……的 所有格(定语）
as 人/物 主语/宾语/表语
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
2.非限定性定语从句的关系词（which)
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Lily has a car, ____ was made in China.
which
I passed the exam, _______ made me very happy.
which =
I passed the exam
which
在非限制性定语从句中, 关系代词which可以代指整个主句内容 .
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The moon travels around the earth, _______ is known to everyone.
_____ is known to everyone, the moon travels around the earth.
The moon, _____ is known to everyone, travels around the earth.
which/as
As
as
非限制定从中as/ which 都可以指代主句整个内容。
as引导的定从可置于主句之前、之后和句中；
which引导定从只可置于主句之后。
常见的as 习语：
as we had expected; as is well-known;
as often happens; as is mentioned above
2.非限定性定语从句的关系词(which/as)
2.非限定性定语从句的关系词(which/as)
which和as在引导非限定性定于从句时的异同：
相同：二者都可以指代整个主句
不同：1. 在位置上：which只能置于主句之后，as可置于主句之前、
之后或句中
2. 在意思上：as一般翻译成“正如……”；which一般意思是
“这一点上面提到了”
1. He was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _______ , of course, made the others unhappy. 　　
A. who B. which C. this D. what
2. The number of senior high school students is increasing, _______ is mentioned above.
A. that B. it C. such D. as
2.非限定性定语从句的关系词(which/as)
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which
The students has made amazing progress, ______ makes the teacher happy.
_____ is mentioned above, children are not allowed to watch violent TV programs.
The basketball match will be held this Saturday, _____ the weather is fine.
This is Lucy, _______ father is my P.E. teacher.
Yesterday I went to Beijing railway station, _________ I bought a ticket to Shanghai.
The actress was a beautiful lady, ____ everyone liked.
As
when
whose
where
as
which
as
whose
when
where
that
1. ______ is generally case, those who care for the weakest members of society are respected.
A. Which B. That C. What D. As
2. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A.this B. that C. what D. which
3. Such signs ______ we use in the experiment ______ Greet letters
A. as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is