人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and thinking课件(共53张PPT)

(共53张PPT)
【版本：人教　册别：选择性必修二】
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Reading and Thinking:
Understand the questioning mind
Learning Objectives
Find out the stages of scientific research in this passage.
Learn about John Snow’s research process
Express your idea on the given topic through creative thinking
contents
Pre-reading
Ⅰ
Language Points
Ⅴ
While reading
Ⅱ
Homework
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Post-reading
Ⅰ
Pre-reading
Besides coronavirus冠状病毒, what other kinds of epidemics（流行病） have you heard of
bird-flu（禽流感）
malaria（疟疾）
plague（鼠疫）
Ebola(埃博拉)
Video Time: How much do you know about cholera
What are the symptoms (症状) of Cholera？
It begins in the stomach and a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment.
dehydration (缺水)
severe vomiting(呕吐)
diarrhea(腹泻)
Many years ago, the cholera in the world killed millions of people. People were very afraid of it, but they didn't know what to do. Luckily, a young doctor decided to find out how to prevent and treat the disease. Finally, the doctor won the battle.
John Snow
What will be talked about from the title
John Snow Defeats“King Cholera”
Who
How
What
stages in scientific research
Draw a conclusion
Collect data
Ask a question
Find a problem
Analyse the results
Find supporting evidence
Think of a method
Ⅱ
While reading
Read the whole text quickly and match the main ideas.
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 4
Para. 5
John Snow desired to destroy cholera.
John Snow decided to prove the second theory.
Snow began his study by marking on the map.
Truth of the infection of cholera.
Snow's contributions.
Para. 3
Read the Para 1 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhea , dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
过去常常做某事
在19世纪早期
死于
最终；及时
逐渐成为
照顾；照料
最终的；彻底的
生育
all at once　　 突然；同时
at once 立刻，马上
once and again 一而再，再三
Cholera
John
Snow
It's one of ______________________ in the world, because it causes _______________________________.
_____________________ (when), an outbreak of cholera hit ________ milions of people ____________________.
He rose to become _______________ , and even __________ Queen Victoria when she gave birth.
John Snow became ___________ because no one knew _____________________________.
However, he had a desire to ______________ once and for all.
the most feared diseases
severe diarrhoea and dehydration
In the early 19th century
Europe
died from the disease
frustrated
how to prevent or treat cholera
a famous doctor
attended to
destroy cholera
Para.1
Research background
In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
Read the Para 2 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
一般来说
如此… 以致于
决定
弄清楚
同意，赞成
Two contradictory theories
Theory one:
caused by ________
Theory two:
caused by _______
Symptoms
Symptoms
cough
sneeze
runny nose
lung
diarrhoea
dehydration

bad air
germs
Snow subscribed to the second theory.
Para. 2
Find a problem
Para. 2
Ask a question
What did John Snow investigate when another outbreak hit London in 1854
He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
Read the Para 3 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.
Read the Para 3 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
A map of Broad Street-”Cholera Map”
What method did Snow use
A map of Broad Street-”Cholera Map”
Which houses had more than 4 deaths in Broad Street
Which houses had no death in Broad Street
Multiple deaths happened here.
No death happened here.
He suspected that the water from the pump was to blame.
Think of a method & Collect data & Anayse the results
Para.3
Find supporting evidence & Draw a conclusion
Pump water carried the cholera germs.
Two deaths
Place
Person
Event
In another part of London
A woman and her daughter
Died of cholera because of drinking the water delivered from the pump
Remove the handle of the pump
The disease was stopped.
Para. 3
A: It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ____ or germs in _______________.
B:Snow___________________the places where the people who _____ had lived
C: Many deaths occurred near the ___________ in Broad Street.
Some people __________ drunk the water from the pump, and lived.
A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after ___________
_____________.
D: The pump water carried
____________.
conclusion
evidence
E: The _______ of the pump was removed.
process
solution
handle
theories
air
food or water
marked on the
died
water pump
hadn’t
drinking water
cholera germs
Read from Para. 2-3 again and complete the chart below.
conclusion evidence process solution theories
map
from the pump
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
Read the Para 4 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
【
】
【 】
【 】
【 】
Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many
die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
Read the Para 5 and find the complex sentences and useful phrases.
【
】
Water companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste, causing people who drank this water to get malaria.
Water companies began to sell clean water.
The threat of cholera around the world decreased.
He helped people know how to prevent cholera.
Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
2. What contributions did John Snow make
The Father of Modern Epidemiology
1. What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854
Para. 4-5
Truth
Was cholera defeated completely
How to prevent the cholera
Para. 4-5
Was cholera defeated completely
How to prevent the cholera
To prevent cholera from spreading, we'd better
drink pure or boiled water and eat clean food.
Para. 4-5
Post-reading
Ⅲ
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
In the early 19th century, an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, _______ (cause) millions of deaths. Seeing this, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how _________ (prevent) or treat cholera. At that time, doctors had two theories to explain how cholera spread. One was that bad air caused the disease and another was that cholera was caused by germs in food or water. John discovered that in two particular street _____ cholera outbreak was ____ severe that over 500 people died in ten days. Through his serious ____________ (investigate), he found it was the pump water in Broad Street _______ resulted in the disease. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump ________ (remove) .
causing
to prevent
the
so
investigation
that
removed
It turned out that the water from the pump _______________ (infect) by waste. Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw ____ substantial decrease. Snow transformed the way ________________ scientists study diseases. For this reason, he is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
had been infected
that / in which
a
As a doctor, he helped us to ____________________.
As a scientist, he found out _________________________.
Evaluation of John Snow
what caused cholera
prevent cholera
What qualities do you think John Snow has
To set out a new scientific idea through a scientific research, what qualities do you think are the three most important ones that the researcher should be equipped with And give your reasons in brief.
hard-working lazy patient edgy(急躁的) sympathetic wise devoted selfish honest reliable calm stubborn generous responsible meticulous(缜密的) handsome careful determined
Group-working
Human progress on epidemic research
Language Points
Ⅳ
1 one of the most feared diseases
2 become frustrated
3 attend to sb
4 lose desire to do sth
5 once and for all
6 in general
7 two contradictory theories
最可怕的疾病之一
变得沮丧
照顾某人
失去做某事的欲望
一劳永逸
一般说来
两种截然不同的看法
Important phrases (P2)
8 an infection from germs in food or water
9 subscribe to the second theory
10 in two particular streets
11 be determined to find out why
12 begin by marking the exact places
13 multiple deaths near the water pump
食物或水中细菌的感染
赞同第二种看法
在两条特别的街道上
下决心找出原因
从标记确切的位置开始
水泵附近多人死亡
Important phrases (P2)
14 suspect that the water pump is to blame
15 what’s more / moreover
16 have it delivered to her house
17 as a result of the evidence
18 have the handle removed
19 raw waste
怀疑是水泵造成的
而且
让人把它送到她家
由于这个证据
拆掉把手
未经处理的废弃物
Important phrases (P2-P3)
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a
British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.
until 引导 ____________ 从句， how 引导 _______ 从句。
时间状语
宾语
I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut.
I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.
until 表示“直到……为止”，主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，主句为肯定句；
not … until 表示“直到……才”，主句的谓语动词为短暂性动词，主句为否定句。
Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 (Para. 1, Line 1)
He didn’t go to bed until he completed his homework.
(对画线部分进行强调)
not until 用于强调句型中
要强调until后面的部分：
①需要把until部分提前 ②还要把not一起提前
→ It wasn’t until he completed his homework that he went to bed.
It wasn’t until …… that ＋ 句子的其余部分
Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
It wasn’t until he finished his homework that he went to bed. (改为一般疑问句)
Was it not until he finished his homework that he went to bed
not until 用于一般疑问句型中
强调句的一般疑问句形式：
Is / Was it ＋ 被强调部分＋ that ＋句子的其余部分
Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
1. The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in.
2. The sports meet will not be held until next week.
→ ______ ______ next week _____ the sports meet be held.
Not until
will
not until 用于倒装结构
→ Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.
Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
1. 直到比赛开始他才来到。
He ____________________ the game had begun.
2. 如果很多人都说一部电影不好，我不会去看，或者我会一直等
到DVD版出来才看。
If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or
I will _________________________________.
3. 直到约翰进入大学之后，他才意识到时间的重要性。(倒装)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
wait until it comes out on DVD
didn’t arrive until
Not until John went to college did he realize the importance of time.
即学即练
Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
2. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak
was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。
(Para. 2, Line 5)
so … that … 意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句。
3. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much
that she had it delivered to her house every day.
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水
运到家里来。 (Para. 3, Line 14)
Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
1. It rained so heavily that we had to stay at home.
2. The question is so difficult that we can not work it out.
3. It is so busy a day that we don’t go swimming.
Observe and Find
主语 + 实义动词 + so + 副词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词（be, become, feel 等）+ so + 形容词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词 + so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
4. I have made so many mistakes that I must stay at home to reflect on them.
5. What a pity! We have got so little money that we can not eat at restaurants.
6. The shirt cost so much that I did not want to take it.
主语 + 谓语 + so + many / few + 可数名词复数 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + so + many (much, few, little) + that 从句
Observe and Find
Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
so ... that 用于倒装结构
→ The speaker was so nervous that his legs were trembling.
即学即练
这个演讲者如此紧张，以至于双腿发抖。（翻译）
→ So nervous was the speaker that his legs were trembling.
Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
4. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so
that it could not be used.
于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。
(Para. 3, Line 16)
so that 是从属连词，在此用来引导 _____________ 从句。意义为“_______________”， 可用 _____________ 从句来替换。这种从句的谓语动词一般要和情态动词________________________ 等连用。
目的状语
为了；以便
in order that
can / could / may / might
Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
so that 引导结果状语从句时， 意义为“结果是……”，“以至于……”，一般不与情态动词连用，有时可用逗号与主句隔开，有时则不用。这种从句可用 so … that … 从句来转换。
= It rained so hard that we had to stay at home yesterday.
Compare and Find
It rained hard yesterday so that we had to stay at home.
Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
5. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get
cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染
上霍乱。(Para. 4, Line 4)
more than 结构可以由 far, much, a little, slightly, hardly, nothing, no 等词修饰，一般置于 more than 结构前。
Observe and Find
(1) This little man was hardly more than 1.5m fifty tall.
(2) She could have thought of nothing more likely to please her brother
than this praise of Maggie.
Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
Homework
Ⅴ
Draw a mind map about how John Snow defeated the “King Cholera”.
2. Complete the exercises on P4 & P5.