(共22张PPT)
主谓一致Ⅰ
主讲老师:Kelly
考点解读
01
本章要求考生掌握并列句和从句中的主谓一致,主要阐述了谓语动词在人称和数的方面与主语保持一致。
考试题型:语法选择题和完形填空题。
什么是主谓一致?
主语用单数,谓语动词则用单数;主语用复数,谓语动词则用复数
主语和它所支配的谓语动词在人称和数的变化上要保持一致
语法一致原则
意义一致原则
就近原则
就近原则
①单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及从句等用作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
语法一致原则
谓语动词形式的变化要和主语的单、复数形式保持一致
To do morning exercises is good for us.
②either, neither, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, none, something, anything, nothing等不定代词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.
Neither of them has been abroad.
③each,either,neither,no等词用作形容词修饰主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
④many a/more than one+单数名词作为主语,意思为“许多”,谓语动词要用单数形式。
More than one person goes to work by car.
⑤and连接两个或两个以上主语前如果有each, every, no 等修饰语时(后面的一个有时也可省略),谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Each man and (each) lady has got a ticket.
⑥在It is/was …that/who…强调句型中,如果被强调的部分是主语,其从句中的谓语动词应该与被强调的词保持一致。
It is John and Mary who are fond of listening
to classical music.
⑦在定语从句中,关系代词who,that,which等用作主语时,其谓语动词的单复数应与先行词的单复数保持一致。
The girl who dances the best in our school
is from India.
⑧one of +复数名词+定语从句,从句的谓语用复数,但如果one 的前面有the only,the very,the first 修饰时,定语从句的谓语就用单数。
Jim is one of the students who were praised by our teacher yesterday.
吉姆是昨天被我们老师表扬的学生之一。(有很多学生被表扬)
Jim is the only one of the students who was praised by our teacher yesterday.
吉姆是昨天唯一一个被我们老师表扬的学生。(只有一名学生被表扬)
⑨a number of+可数名词复数,表示“许多”,谓语动词要用复数;the number of表示“.…的数目”,谓语动词要用单数。
A number of the students are doing their homework in the classroom.
许多学生在教室喝酒。
①以-s 结尾的学科名词,表示国家、机构名称的专有名词,书报名称及一些形式上是复数而意义上是单数的名词,谓语动词用单数形式。
意义一致原则
谓语动词的单复数形式要与主语意义上的单复数一致
politics(政治学), physics(物理学), mathematics(数学), United States(美国), news(新闻), means(方法)
The United States was founded in 1776.
Politics is one of my favorite subjects.
表示成对的名词作为主语时,谓语动词则用复数形式; 但是如果这些词前面有pair 等量词修饰时,谓语动词的单复数形式则与量词pair等词的单复数来保持一致。
如trousers(裤子), glasses(眼镜), scissors(剪刀), shoes(鞋子), gloves(手套),stockings(袜子)
The glasses are made in China.眼镜是由中国生产的。
This pair of glass is a gift from my friend.这副眼镜是我朋友送的礼物。
Eight years has passed since we lived here.
③表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词作为主语时,形式上是复数,但是意义上是一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
④【the +形容词】表示一类人,【the+姓氏的复数形式】表示一家人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The old are taken good care of in the country.
在这个国家,老人受到了很好的照顾。
⑤当主语为两个名词用and连接,指同一个人,同一件事或表示一个整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式(其标志是后面那个名词不带the或a,反之,则用复数);
如果只有and 后面的名词用了所有格,则谓语动词用单数形式。(若两个名词都用了所有格,则用复数)
The worker and writer has written a new novel.
(同一个人)
The artist and the poet are going to Australia next week.(两个人)
⑥一些集体名词 family(家庭), class(班级),team(队)等作主语,如果强调 “整体”时,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调“其中的成员”时,则谓语动词用复数形式。
The team is made up of eleven members.这支队由11名成员组成。
⑦“分数或百分数+of+名词”及a lot of, lots of, plenty of, part of+名词 构成的短语作为主语时,谓语动词的形式要与短语of后面的名词保持一致。
Seventy percent of the students in the class are good at English.
班上百分之七十的学生英语学的好。
⑧表示不定数量的词,如all, none, any, some, most, half, the rest 等词作为主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式根据名词及其含义来确定。
All the students listen to the teacher carefully.
所有的学生都认真听老师讲课。
⑨集体名词 police (警察),people(人们),cattle(牛,牲口)总是表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数。
Cattle feed on grass.牛吃草
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