Module 4 Seeing the doctor unit3 language in use导学案（1课时）

英语导学案 （八年级下册）
Module 4 Seeing the doctor
Unit 3 Language in use
【学习目标】
知识目标：掌握重点单词、短语和句子。
能力目标： 能够检查自身的生活习惯，
对存在的问题能主动寻求解决方案并积极提出建议
情感目标： 协调好运动与学习的辩证关系
【自主复习】
短语归纳
胃疼、腹疼_____________ 2、感冒 _____________
量某人的体温____________4、快餐食品____________
5、太多_____________ 6、对......有害_____________
7、健康的生活_____________ 8、决定做某事_____________
9、参加、加入_____________ 10、健康状况很好_____________
11、浑身、到处_____________12、太.......而不能_____________
13、最近几年_____________ 14、开始做某事_____________
15、感到不舒服/健康/困乏_____________
二、巨型盘点
1. stop doing sth. 停止做某事
2. Why don’t we do sth. 我们为何不做某事呢？
3. too+adj. +to do sth. 太.... 而不能做某事
4. What (+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！
5. “疑问词+不定式”作宾语
6. What about doing sth.
7. too much +不可数名词
too many + 可数名词复数
much too + 形容词/ 副词
by doing sth. 表示“ 通过做某事”
decide to do sth. 表示“决定做某事”
take part in +比赛/ 会议
【语法专项】
一、构成
现在完成时是由助动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词have(has)表明事情发生于现在。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词在句子中做谓语，说明句子的含义。
二、.用法
（1）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：
-Have you had lunch yet -Yes,I have. I've just had it.
你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）
（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
　　如：He has taught here since 1981
他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）
I have't seen her for four years.
我有四年没见到她了。
（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。
如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
三、现在完成时的时间状语
（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：
We have already finis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hed our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。
如：-Have you ever been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to the Great Wall 你曾经去过长城吗？
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。
　　例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.
我以 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
　　　 He has been there three times the last few days.
近几年他去过那里三次了。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。
例如：-Have you met him today -No,I haven't.
今天你见过他吗？我 没有。
How many times have you been there this year
今年你去过那里多少次？
（2）现在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。
如：I haven't seen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )him for two years. 但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
arrive→be here begin(start)→be on
die →be dead come back→be back
leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)
get up→be up go out →be out
finish →be over put on →wear 或be on
open →be open join →be in或 be a member of…
close →be closed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) go to school→be a student
borrow →keep buy →have
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know
begin to study→study come to work→work等
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。
四、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
　现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：
I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。
（昨天丢的，现在找到 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )与否没说明）
五、几点注意事项
（1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。
（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。
　　　如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。
（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。
【语法专练】
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空。
I ________ (live) in this city since 1999.
She ________ (learn) English for 2 years.
The Greens _______ (move) to Paris in 2003.
The film________ (begin) a few minutes ago.
Ⅱ.句型转换
They have been in Beijing for six years.
_______________________________(否定句)
________________________________(一般疑问句)
_____ _____ _____ they been in Beijing (就划线部分提问)
They have been friends since they came to this school.
_______________________________(否定句)
________________________________(一般疑问句)
_____ ____ _____ they been friend (就划线部分提问)
Ⅲ. 单项选择
1. Anna has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ the army for 2 years.
A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in
2. We have been friends since ______.
A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before
3. Mike ___________ the story for a month.
A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed
4. You ______ that question three times.
A. already asked B. have already asked
C. already have asked D. asked already
5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.
A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago
6. I _____ at this school for two years.
A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied
7. They _________ in the city since last summer.
A. live B. didn’t live C. have lived D. live
8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Beijing _________ 1992.
A. since B. from C. after D. in
9. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998.
A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to
10. His father _______ for years.
A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies
11. Mary ________ to see the films because she __________ it twice.
A. won’t go, saw B. won’t go, will see
C. won’t go, has seen D. didn’t go, sees
12.---- Would you like some more food
----Thank you. I _______ enough.
A. will have B. have had C. have D. had
13. ______ you ______ England Yes, it _____ a beautiful country.
A. Will, gone to, was B.Have, been to, is
C. Had, been to, is D.Have, gone to, is
14. ----_______ you _______ to Beijing
----No, I ______.I ______ there early next month.
A. Have, been, haven’t, am going B. Had, been, hadn’t, am going
C. Have, gone, haven’t, was going D. Did,go, didn’t, was going
15. ---You sister ______ to London to study English. Is that true
---Yes , she ___ there for two months.
A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone
C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been
16. He has a computer of his own. He ____ it two days ago
A. bought B. bought C. bought D. has bought
17. —Where is Li Lei —He ___ Shanghai.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to
18. He _______ his homework and is now listening to music.
A.. finishes B. has finished C. finish D. is finishing
19. David _______ Shanghai for more than three months.
A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to
20. --- Is your father a Party member
--- Yes, he ____ the party three years ago. He _____ a Party member for three years.
A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been
C. was joined; is D. joined; was