Unit 3 Language in use
学习目标：
复习本模块的重点单词和短语。
归纳总结宾语从句的用法。
学习过程
一、重点单词。
1. v. 使分开，分隔 2. v .解释，说明
3. v .解释，说明 4. v .拒绝
5. v .对待 6. v .懊悔，遗忘
7. adj. 有耐心的，能忍耐的 8. adj. 孤独的，寂寞的
9. v .介绍，召见 10. v .鼓励
11. n .寂静无声 12. v/n .信任，信赖
13. v .包括把……列为一部分14. n .提议，建议
15. n .珍宝，珍贵之物。 16. adj.欢快的，明亮的
17. n .熟悉的，相关的圈子 18. n.胶水
19. v .粘贴
二、重点短语。
1.与亲人之间产生了矛盾 2.保持联系
3.后悔做了某事 4.拒绝做某事
5.对某人有耐心 6.自信，有信心
7.鼓励某人做某事 8.没什么，不客气
9.安静地 10.不敢做某事
11.每次 12.一天天地
13.参加 14.粘在一起
三、语法归纳。
语法归纳，宾主从句
1. 定义：放在动词、介词等后面作宾语的句子，叫宾语从句。
eg. I know he is very ice.
2. 宾语从句的类型：一类是 that引导的宾语从句，一类是if/whether引导的宾语从句，还有一类是特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。
A that 引导的宾语从句
当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如：“希 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )望”相信，知道，说等时，其后面的句子一般用 that 引导， that 没有任何含义，只有语法功能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是宾语从句。多数情况下 that可以省略。
Betty thinks (that) trees can improve the air.
引导词that 不能省略的情况
1).中的动词后接不少于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that 可省略，但后面的that 不能省略。
He said(that) you were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) too young to understand and that he was asked not to tell you.
2).当主句的谓语动词与that 引导的宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不能省略。
It says, on the card, that it is made in china.
3).当宾语从句的主语为 that时，He says that that is a good book.
4).当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时
I can’t tell him that his dog died.
B. if/whether 引导宾语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时，意为“是否”,常放在动词ask see,say,tell,know和find out 等动词后。一般if/whether可以互换，在口语中多用if.
I don’t know if/whether he still lives there after so many years.
但下列情况只能用whether
在动词不定前 I can’t decide whether to stay.
在介词后 I’m interested in whether he likes English.
在具有选择意义，又有or或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or not 时，尤其是直接与or not 连用时，要用 whether. I want to know whether it’s good news or not.
④在动词discuss之后常用whether
They are discussing whether the plan should be carried out.
⑤ whether 位于句首或引 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )导主语从句和表语从句时，不能用if out 替换whether she will come or still ac question.
C. 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
如果宾语从句原来特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词来引导，但语序要用陈述语序
Could you me why you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )were late for class please tell me when he will come.
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可转化为疑问词中不定式结构。
I don’t know what I shall do
I don’t know what to do
3. 宾语从句的语序：都用陈述语序（特别是特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句）
I don’t know if he will come
Please toll me what I should do first.
4. 标点符号和主句一致
Could you tell one how I con get there
5. 宾语从句的时态：当主句是一般现在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时态时，从句可以根据实际情况选择不同的时态;当主句是过去时态时，从句一般是使用求助的过去时态（但客观真实真理除外）
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
We thought somebody was moving about.
中考链接
单项选择
1---Could you tell me________ --By searching the Internet.
how did Mona get the information B why Mona got the information
C. how Mona got the D. why did Mona get the information
2.--Please tell m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e __________ the scarf --She bought it online, I guess.
A. if Alice liked B. when Alice bought C. where Alice bought
D. How much did Alice pay for
I don’t know ______or not they will come to help us.
A. whether B. if C. that D. when
4.--Betty, do you know if Tony ______ the photo competition
--He will, if he ___this project on Australia.
A. enters；finishes B. enters；will finish
C. will enter；finishes D. will enter；will finish
5. Our physics teacher told us _____faster than sound.
A. travels B .travelled C. travelling .D. to travel.
6. Excuse m , can you tell me________
A. when does the plane leave B .how long the plane
C. when the plane leaves D. when did the plane leave
7. Could you tell me a meeting in Guangzhou next week
A. if there was going to be B. if there is going to be
C. whether is there going to be D. whether there is going to have
8. The teacher asked the students .
A. why the earth went around the sun B. if there is going to be
C. why the earth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) goes around the sun D. why did the earth go around the sun
四、达标练习
一、单项选择
1、After his wife di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed , he lived in the village, but he doesn’t feel .
A. alone; lonely ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely
2. —This box is to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o heavy. Can you help me carry it upstairs —— .
A. No problem B. Yes, please C. That’s right D. No, thanks
3. Mrs. Zhao encouraged her daughter the art club.
A. Join B. Yes, join C. joins D. to joining
4. I don’t know the teacher will come or not .
A. if B. whether C. when D. how
5. Others is a good way to start one’s friendship.
A. Laughing at B. Smiling to C. Smile at D. Smiling at
6. I don’t remember the book yester-day .
A. where I put B. where did I put C. where will I put D. where I will put
7.—Do you kn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow will teach us English next term — Miss Li.
A. what B. which C. where D. who
8. When I was onl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y a child, my mother said that the earth bigger than the moon.
A. was B. were C. had been D. is
9. Don’t worry my study. I’m sure I can do very well.
A. to B. about C. of D. for
10.— Do you know —Yes, I do .He went by bike.
A. whether P ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aul will go to the party or not B. when will Paul go to the party
C. how Paul went ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to the party D. how did Paul go to the party
二．将下列各局合并为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1. What is Lucy good at Can you tell me
. Can you tell me______ ________ ________ good at
2. I want to know. Can they go swimming next Sunday
I want to know ___ they go swimming next Sunday.
3. Why is he late for school I don’t know.
I don’t know ______ ______ _______ late for school.
4. When did he buy this bike Do you know
Do you know ______ ______ ______ that bike
5. Did Tom tell you He finished his homework.
Did Tom tell you ____ _____ _____ his homework.
五．Homework
1. Revise the words and phrases.
2. Revise the grammar.外研版 八年级英语下册导学案
Module 9 Friendship
Unit 1 Could I ask if you’ve mentioned this to her
一．学习目标
1.掌握本单元重点单词和短语
2.通过听、说对话，培养学生的逻辑理解和表达能力。
3.通过对话学习，让学生学会宽容他人和理解他人。
学习重难点
重点：本单元重点单词和短语
难点：培养学生的逻辑理解和表达能力
学习步骤
自主预习
阅读对话，在文中划出下列新单词，并写出词义
helpline__________ treat____________ patient___________
separate__________ whether____________ introduce__________
explain__________ lonely_____________ encourage ___________
refuse ____________ regret _____________mention______________
使着读几遍，全出不会读的单词，写出音标，小组内讨论，再读
阅读对话，在文中划出下列短语，朗读并默写
分开_______________与某人之间产生了矛盾____________________
保持联系________________后悔做了某事____________________
拒绝做某事_______________鼓励某人做某事___________________
be patient with_____________ make friends with___________
join in______________ introduce sb to sb___________________
feel sure of oneself________________ no problem_________________
再读对话，回答下列问题
What’s wrong with Lingling ___________________________________
How long have they been friends ______________________________
How is Lingling’s friend different now ___________________________
What advice does give her _____________________________________
课内探究.分享
Step 1 Lead in
1.导入新课
2.小组内检查单词
3.听写重点短语
Step 2 Listening
Listen and choose the corret answer.
Number the sentences i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the order you hear them. Then listen again and check the answers.
Listen and repeat the dialogue .
Step 3 Reading and retelling
1.Read the dialogue and check(√)the true sentences.
Lingling called to ask for advice about her homework. ( )
Lingling and her best friend are now in the same class. ( )
Lingling is happy to see her best friend at the same school. ( )
Lingling is having a hard time in the new school. （ ）
Lingling gets help from the helpline. ( )
2.Read the dialogue c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arefully and complete the passage with the correct form of the given words.
encourage herself int ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )roduce lonely patient regret separate treat
When you get ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (1)________ from a friend, it may create problems for your friendship. She may not want you to see your other friends. If this is the case, she probably (2)_______ you like that because she does not feel sure of(3)________. Try to find out whether she feels (4)_______without you . It is natural to feel like that. She probably (5) ______ hurting you. Be (6) ________ with her, (7)________her to your other friends and (8)________her to join in more.
.Read the passage and try to retell it.
Step 4 Language points
No problem, Lingling. 不客气，玲玲。
用于回答别人的道谢或道歉 不客气，没关系，没什么
---I’m sorry to bring you so much trouble .--No problem.
用于同意或愉快地回答请求 没问题，小事一桩
--Could you post the letter for me ---No problem.
用来表示有能力做某事 没问题，不在话下
--Could you finish the work in an hour --No problem.
④用来表示安慰（也说That’s no problem.）没问题，那不是问题
--I’ve left my pen at home. --That’s no problem. I can lend you one.
be/feel sure of oneself 自信，有信心
be sure of doing sth. 对做某事有把握
be sure to do sth. 务必/一定要做某事 Be sure to come on time
regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事
regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事
We regret to inform you that we cannot help you.
活学活用
--I regret ______ you that John has been fired.
--I can hardly believe my ears. He’s such a fine worker .
telling B. having told C. to tell D. to have told
encourage sb.to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
encourage sb.in 在.....方面助长（鼓励）某人
Don’t encourage him in laziness.
5.Could I ask if you’ve mentioned this to her
mention sth. to sb. 向某人提及某事
Don’t mention it .别客气
not to mention 更不用说
mention doing sth. 提到做某事
explain sth.to sb. 向某人解释/说明某事
explain to sb. that/ why/how从句 向某人解释/说明....
explain 疑问词 to do
Can you explain it ____us A. to B. for C. in D. at
他解释为什么他迟到了？He explain _____ _____ ______ _______.
辨析 “参加” join join in attend take part in
join 加入 加入某组织并成为该组织中的一个成员，如参军，入团，加入俱乐部等；还可指加入某人的行列 join sb.
join in 参加 多指参加小规模的活动（球赛，游戏），常用于口语
take part in 参加 多指参加（群众性活动、会议等），表示参加者持积极态度，
attend 参加 正式用语，指出席参加某场合，着重动作，参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、报告等
会学活用
用 join join in take part in attend 的适当形式填空
My brother _____the Army in 2001.
May I ______ the competition
We will _____________the sports meeting next day.
He _______an important meeting yesterday.
Step 5交流展示
小组讨论：
stay的相关短语有哪些_____________________________________
_________________________________________________________
常用的电话用于有哪些______________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
找出对话中的宾语从句并讨论应注意的问题
————————————— ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
教师解答疑难问题
Step 6 Summary
Sum up the contents with the students.
Step 7 Test
单项选择
1.--Hello！ May I speak to Tom ---Yes,_______
A. speaking, please. B. I’m Tom. C. My name is Tom. D. Who are you
2. Have you ______ your new classmates yet
A. had friend ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s with B .made friends with
C. got friend to D. made friend with
--Do you know ______tomorrow
--Sorry, I don’t know. You may surf in the Internet.
whether will it rain B. if it will rain
C. if does it rain D. whether does it rain
She refused _______to me. A. to listen B. listen C. listening D. listened
He will _____ the meeting next week.
join B. join in C. attend D. take part in
根据汉语意思完成句子
我和我最好的朋友之间产生了问题。
I＿＿ ＿＿ ＿＿＿ ＿＿＿ my best friend．
我能问一下是否你能跟他提到这个吗？
Could I ask ____ you’ve _____this _____her
也许她在新学校不自信。
Maybe she doesn’t fe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )el very _______ _______ _______ in her new school.
努力把她介绍给你的朋友。
Try to ______ her ______ your friends.
我会鼓励她要多加入.
I’ll _____ her _____ ____ ______more.
Step 8 Homework
Revise the words and phrases.
Read and act the dialogue.Unit 2 I believe that the world is what you think it is .
学习目标
掌握本单元单词和重点短语。
2.本科讲述了一个甜美的微笑改变作者生活的感人故事，通过课文学习，是学生能根据提示描述改变自己生活的人和事。
3.通过课文学习，让学生更深刻地意识到友谊的重要性。
学习重难点
1. 重点单词和短语。
2. Writing.
学习过程
I.自主预习
1.阅读课文，在文中划出下列新单词，并猜测词义
silence___________ bright____________ treasure_______________
trust ______________ include _____________ circle________________
stick___________ glue_______________
试着读几遍，全出不会读的单词，写出音标，小组内讨论，再读
阅读课文，在文中找出下列短语，朗读并默写
in silence____________ day by day__________ stick together______________
初秋_______________ 每次_______________ 不敢做某事______________
阅读课文，回答下列问题。
1) How old was Zhang Bei when she went to a new school
_______________________________________________
2) What changed her life
___________________________________________________
找出文中的宾语从句
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
导学导练。
辨析lonely与alone
lonely adj. 指人孤独的、寂寞的具有浓厚的感彩，只作表语feel lonely
adj. 指地点:偏僻的、荒凉的 a lonely village
alone adj. 单独的、独自的 只作表语 be alone
adv. 单独地 相当于by oneself
活学活用
1. She lives ______, but she doesn’t feel______.
A. lonely, lo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nely B. alone , alone C. lonely, alone D. alone ,lonely
2. I was ______ in the classroom. A. alone B. lonely C .lone D. alonely
silence 不可数名词 keep in silence 保持沉默
silent adj. keep silent═ keep in silence
用silence的适当形式填空.
I don’t think you should keep_______.
She always sat in ________and didn’t say a word.
suggestion 可数名词 同义词advice(不可数名词)
suggest v. suggest doing sth.
suggest that(从句) sb (should) do sth.
She suggested _____early so that we could catch the first bus.
go get up B .getting up C. get up D. to getting up
--What good ___you’ve given me . Thanks a lot.
--My pleasure. A. information B. news C. Suggestion D. advice.
II.课内探究.分享
Step 1 Warm up
Check the words.
Dictate the important phrases.
Discussion. Work in pairs and answer the questions.
.When was the last time you felt sad
.Who did you tell that you were sad
.What did you do to feel better
.How can you make other people feel happy
Step 3 Reading
Fast reading. Read the passage and answer the questions.
.Does the beginning of the passage surprise you Why
_________________________________________________________
.How did the writer feel in the past
____________________________________________________
3).How does the writer feel now
_______________________________________________
.What advice does she give
________________________________________________
Careful reading .
1. Read paragraphs 1-3 and finish the exercise
1) At the age of thirteen, a girl gave me an important gift.
(从课文中找出该句的同义句)
____________________________________________________
2) How did the writer feel in the past
_________________________________________________________
3)When did the writer feel even more lonely
_______________________________________________
2.Read paragraphs 4—5 , finish the exercise.
1) Who was the girl I did not know the girl. (合并为一句)
_______________________________________________________
2) It made me feel happy, lively and warm.
本句中it 指的是__________
3. Read paragraphs 6—8 , to see them True (T) or Fause. (F)
1)Zhang Bei felt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the touch of something bright and friendly when her friend smiled to her. ( )
2) Zhang Bei’s friend ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) remembered why she smiled to her. ( )
3)The writer’s sugges ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )tion is: laugh at the world and it will smile back. ( )
Step 4 Language points
I was very lonely, and afraid to make friends with anyone.
be afraid to do sth. 不敢去做某事
be afraid of sth/sb/doing 害怕/担心(出现某种不良后果)
be afraid that (从句) 恐怕......
由afraid引出的答语: I’m afraid so. 恐怕如此I’m afraid not.恐怕不行
--Can I go out to play football now ---I’m afraid not.
活学活用
Mr. Black was afr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aid________ the tree, because he was afraid _____down from it. A.to climbing ,falling B. to climbing , to falling.
C. of climbing to fall. D of climb, to fall
2) Girls are afraid ____dogs. A. to B .in C. with D. of
3)--Excuse me .Is the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )library open all day --_____.Only from 8 am to 4 pm.
Yes, of course B. That’s all right C. I’m sorry D .I’m afraid not
辨析include including 与included
including 介词，包括，包含，放在被包含的名次或代词之前
There are all kinds of flowers including roses in the store.
include v 包括，包含，包括…..在内
The cat family includes lions and tigers.
included adj. 包括在内的 只能放在被包含的名词或代词之后
Everyone in the classroom laughed, the serous manager included.
活学活用
The band played many songs ,______ some of my favourite.
include B. including C. to include D. included
表语从句
3. Now I believe that the world is what you think it is.
主句 宾语从句
I believe tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t 从句 具有否定转移的用法，即在变否定句时，否定在主句，但其意义否定在从句，有此用法的动词还有：think, suppose ,imagine等
活学活用
I _____ they ______ people to swim in the lake.
A. think, don’t allow B. think, doesn’t allow
C. don’t think, allow D. don’t think, allow
Step 5 Retelling
1. Read the passage again and complete the sentences.
Try to retell the passage.
Step 6 Writing
Write a pass ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )age about someone or something that changed your life, using the following stages:
What happened and when
What happened suddenly
Where she was and how she felt
What happened after this
Why she felt that way/
What happened later
What happened one day
What she thinks now.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 7 Summary
Sum up the contents with the students.
Step 8 Test
一．单选题 (必做题5分)
1. ____ I read the novel, I felt the touch of something.
A. Every time B. Everytime C. Every times
2. The boy felt _____ when he stayed at home alone.
A. alone B. lonely C. happily
3. The little boy grew up day ____ day.
A. at B. to C. for D. by
4. I want to give you some _____ about the hobby.
A. suggest B. suggestion C. advices D. piece of advices
5. The little boy was afraid _____ making friends with anyone.
A. of B. to C. in D. for
根据汉语意思及英语提示翻译句子。(必做题5分)
1、 我很孤单，也害怕与任何人做朋友。（be afraid to do）
_________________________________________________
2、 每次听到其他同学有说有笑，我觉得自己更加孤独了 （hear …doing ）
_________________________________________________
3、那让我感觉到了高兴、快乐和温暖。(make …do…)
_______________________________________________
4、我相信世界就是你认为的那样。（what …）
_______________________________________________
5.那时他正忙于做功课。(be busy doing)
__________________________________________________
阅读理解：（选做5‘）
I think that I am very lucky because I have a lot of friends.
My best friend i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )s Mai. She is 16 years old. She is 2 years older than me. We live in the same village. She is my neighbor and we are now classmates, so we have been friends for so long. Mai is tell and thin. With long black hair, she has got an oval(椭圆形的) face with big bright eyes, a high nose and a small mouth. Mai is very beautiful, especially when she smiles. She is always helpful, polite and honest. When her friends have difficulties, she always tries her best to help them. Although we have the same hobbies and interests, we have different personalities（个性）.I am sociable and enjoy telling jokes. My classmates think that I’m rather outgoing(外向的). Unlike me, Mai is quite serous and prefer quietness to noise. However, we can keep secrets together, so we are close friends. Mai is one of the best students in my class and she works hard. I like doing home ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )work with her. She always tries her best to help me with my studies. I think as time goes by, our friendship will be deeper and deeper.( )1. The writer may be ________years old.
A.6 B.14 C.16 D.18
( )2. The under ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lined word “sociable” means “_____”in Chinese
A.爱交际的 B.喜怒无常的 C.懒惰的 D.有耐心的
( )3. The writer and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) Mai can become friends mainly because they______
A. have the s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ame personality B. are in the same class
C. live in the sam ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e village D. can keep secrets together.
( ) 4. What does the writer think of Mai
A. She is ou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tgoing B. She is a nice girl.
C. She is careless. D. She is a lucky girl.
( ) 5.The best title for this passage is“__________”
A. How to Make Friends B. My Good Friend—Mai
C. How to Help Others D. Some Advice on Friendship \
Step 9 Homework
Revise the words and phrases.
Retell the passage.
At first
(1)_______knew me .
I felt (2)__________
and was afraid to (3)_______with anyone.
Then one day
A girl looked at me and (4)_______.
I felt (5)_____,lively and warm.
Now
The girl has become my(6)_________.
I believe that the world is(7)________ it is.
Fact
Opinion: Smile at the world and _______________.
