(共64张PPT)
专题三 完形填空
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
通过第一步的通览文章,明白文章大意、内容梗概后,接下来便是精读文章和做题的过程。完形填空80%以上的题目都是基础题,也就是第一讲中所提到的句内、句组层次题。对于这些题目,使用“题文齐读法”便可在文章的通读环节预判解答一部分,但有些题目最终答案的确定则需要精读文章,所以对于这些题目,应做到解题有理有据、有法可依。
一、5大方法速判句内层次题
句内层次题的解题信息分布在相应句内,在读懂文意的前提下,利用句中的一些信息凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。对于此类题目,学生可以边读边填,将原文信息尽量复原。
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
方法(一) 利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时,若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识,巧妙地加以运用,特别是注意中西文化的差异,将会大大简化分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,从而轻松地作出正确的判断
[典例] (2022·全国乙卷)
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 47.child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears.We then asked the child if she could __49__ or hear the adult.Surprisingly,children replied that they couldn't.The same 50.thing happened when the adult covered her own mouth:51.Now children said that they couldn't 52.speak to her.
49.A.see B.help
C.reach D.fool
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
[解析] 本题可以利用生活常识和文化背景知识解题。根据上文可知,成年人遮住了自己的眼睛和耳朵,所以此处是指,“我们”问孩子她是否能看到或听到该成年人。see意为“看到”;help意为“帮助”;reach意为“(伸展手臂或腿)够到”;fool意为“愚弄”。
[答案] A
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
方法(二) 利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系,它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与填空处相对应的已知成分,将它作为线索,从而推断出答案
[典例] (2021·浙江卷)
...However,within fifteen minutes of 39.arriving,my worries had gone. Everyone was so __40__ and like minded that it was very 41.easy to feel at home.
40.A.confident B.friendly
C.energetic D.curious
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
[答案] B
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
方法(三) 利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
[典例] (2023·全国甲卷)
Many years ago,I bought a house in the Garfagnana,where we still go every summer.The first time we 41.stayed there,we heard the chug chug chug of a motorbike __42__ its way down the hill toward us.
42.A.making B.searching
C.squeezing D.feeling
[解析] 本题可以利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题。根据下文its way down the hill toward us可知,此处是指摩托车顺着山路朝“我们”开了下来。make one's way为固定搭配,意为“(某人)去,前往”。
[答案] A
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
方法(四) 利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析空处上下文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案,主要应用于完形填空的两类题型:一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语;二是考查上下文的逻辑关系
[典例] (2023·湖北省高三三月联合测评)“I thought I was travelling in order to find myself,__45__ I think I'm travelling to find out where I fit,”I told her.
45.A.since B.but
C.as D.so
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
[解析] 本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。根据上文“I thought I was travelling in order to find myself”以及空后“I think I'm travelling to find out where I fit”可知,作者之前认为旅行是为了找寻自己,但实际上作者是在寻找适合自己的地方。上下文之间是转折关系。
[答案] B
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
方法(五) 利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为:全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中,我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案
[典例]
She had to say 43.goodbye to her two dogs and to the beach,where she loved to __44__ waves on her board.
44.A.cause B.observe
C.ride D.strike
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
[解析] 本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。cause意为“导致;造成”;observe意为“观察”;ride意为“漂浮;飘浮”;strike意为“撞击”。根据上文中的beach可知,她喜欢在沙滩上冲浪。ride the waves为固定搭配,意为“冲浪”。
[答案] C
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
二、4种技巧智破句组层次题
句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目,解题信息分布在空处前后的一组意群之中,解题时需瞻前顾后,综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填,空处前后再找信息源。
技巧(一) 利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起。因此,可根据文章的具体情况理解文章的结构和语境,利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
原词复现
[典例] (2022·全国乙卷)
We brought young children aged 2 4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each __47__ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears.We then asked the child if she could 49.see or hear the adult.
47.A.parent B.child
C.researcher D.doctor
[解析] 根据本段中的“We brought young children...”及空后一句中的“the child”可知,是2到4岁的儿童参加实验,所以此处表示每个“儿童”和一个成年人坐在一起。child与空前一句中的children及空后一句中的child是原词复现。
[答案] B
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
同义词复现
[典例] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
She 45.stopped to help her fellow runner,Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with __46__.
46.A.courage B.aid
C.patience D.advice
[解析] 本题可以利用同义词复现解题。根据上句中“help her fellow runner”可知Danielle应是在Bailey帮助下向前走,aid是help的同义词,选B。
[答案] B
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
反义词复现
[典例] (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Our 48.roles in the factory were simple:Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing(糖霜)ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt.This was __50__ than it sounds.51.Slow__down a bit and the cakes pile up.As I told my parents at dinner that first night,it was all a little more high pressure than I'd 52.expected.
50.A.harder B.better
C.longer D.cheaper
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
[解析] 本题可以利用反义词复现解题。尽管上文提到了Our 48.roles in the factory were simple,但根据下文中的“the cakes pile up”和“a little more high pressure”可知,作者想表达实际上他们的工作并不像听上去那么简单,harder与simple构成了反义词复现。
[答案] A
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
技巧(二) 利用作者的态度或感彩关联解题
在做完形填空题时,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中,仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案
[典例] (2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years,I enjoyed living with my dogs,Tilly and Chance.Their __41__was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
41.A.ownership B.membership
C.companionship D.leadership
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
[解析] 本题可以利用作者的态度或感彩关联解题。根据第二段中的“For many years,I enjoyed living with my dogs,Tilly and Chance.”可知,作者这些年来一直很喜欢和她的两只宠物狗生活在一起,两只狗的“陪伴”能让作者远离孤单。
[答案] C
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
技巧(三) 利用逻辑关系解题
在句组层次题中,利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的解题方法
[典例] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
...I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.That lasted about ten minutes.
He was 44.uncomfortable,and his crying let the whole campground know it.So __45__ tying him up,I just kept a close eye on him.It 46.worked—he didn't end up in the creek.My three year old,however,did.
45.A.due to B.instead of
C.apart from D.as for
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
[解析] 本题可利用逻辑关系解题。根据上文中的“I tied a rope around his waist...That lasted about ten minutes.”和下文中的“I just kept a close eye on him.”可推知,为了不让孩子哭,“我”不再用绳子绑住他,而是紧盯着他。due to 意为“由于”;instead of意为“代替;而不是……”;apart from意为“除……以外”;as for意为“至于”。
[答案] B
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
技巧(四) 利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中,有些题目往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案
[典例] (2021·全国甲卷)
Burchill was 41.staying at the hotel on business and planning to 42.visit some friends in the area.They had asked him to 43.bring some pepperoni(辣香肠)from back east.So he __44__ a suitcase full of pepperoni.
44.A.filled B.locked
C.abandoned D.lost
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
[解析] 本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文中的“They had asked him to 43.bring some pepperoni(辣香肠)from back east.”可推知,Burchill应该是装了一手提箱的辣香肠带给朋友,A项符合上下文语境。
[答案] A
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
三、2种思路解决语篇层次题
语篇层次题是最高的考点层次,也是学生拉分题,此类试题需要阅读全篇,站在整个语篇的角度选出正确的答案。
思路(一) 利用首尾呼应关系解题
[典例] (2021·浙江卷)
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8 day__42__.We had to 43.carry everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked.It may not seem like a 44.long way but in 35 ℃ heat and with a heavy pack,my legs were on fire.
……
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
53.Needless__to__say,I suffered a lot.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 54.survived.I think I am much 55.stronger for having taken part in the project.
42.A.tour B.project
C.campaign D.course
[解题依据] 完形填空文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系,通过结合首段(或首句)和尾段(或尾句)信息,可以更好地解答部分题目。
[解析] 本题可以利用首尾呼应关系解题。根据文章末尾的the project可知,本篇文章讲述的是作者某次项目的经历,结合文末信息回到开头题目可知,作者被派去Coronado National Forest是为了一个为期8天的“项目(工程)”。
[答案] B
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
[名师点津] 叙事类的完形填空文章往往通过讲述一个故事来传达中心思想或表达立意,作者多采用首尾相呼应的写法,在文章结尾处来升华主题。因此,应学会首尾兼顾,结合文章开头、结尾信息解答题目
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
思路(二) 利用文章发展脉络解题
[典例] (2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
...
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together.It was a hot day.When we paused to catch our 48.breath,Steve got down on one knee.Was he proposing(求婚)?I liked him too,but so 49.soon?He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.50.In that moment,I began to fall for him.
...
A year later,much to my 58.delight,this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me.He did not kneel(跪)down,nor did I 59.need him to.That's only for giving __60__ to the dogs that brought us together.
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
60.A.toys B.awards
C.food D.water
[解题依据] 叙事型完形填空在行文结构上往往包括:故事开端——发展——高潮——结局等不同情节,梳理文章发展脉络,理清行文结构。
[解析] 本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个观点:一个人如何对待他的狗,你就能判断这个人。根据下文可知,作者是一位动物爱好者,她的男友Steve也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中,Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后,作者欣然接受了Steve的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求婚,因为作者认为下跪这个动作只是为了给那些让他们走到一起的小狗们“喝水”才做的。
[答案] D
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
[名师点津]
解题策略 遵循发展脉络,合理思考推理,及时调整思路
上下求索,捕捉关键信息
回头看——关注是否与上文呼应,不留遗憾
关键点——需随机应变,不要一意孤行,更不可胡思乱想
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
Test 1
(2023·广东六校高三第四次联考)Exams are always tense and worrying,especially for those of an anxious disposition.The silence of the hall;the __1__ of the clock;the content expression of the person at the neighbouring desk.It therefore seems __2__ surprising that those who worry about tests do systematically __3__ than those who do not.Unexpectedly,according to research in Psychological Science by Maria Theobald,it is not the pressure of the exam which causes the problem.It is the __4__ pressure.
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
What Dr Therobald found was that __5__ on the day of the test did not predict exam performance at all.What predicted it was the level of knowledge a student __6__ in the earlier learning activities and the mock (模拟的)exam.Those who __7__ well in these also did well in the real thing,__8__ how anxious they were on the day.What actually __9__ students were high levels of anxiety during the weeks before the exam took place.The greater a student's anxiety in the days before the exam,the lower his or her knowledge gain was during that period,leaving that student with less material to __10__ during the exam itself.
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
This is a positive discovery,for it suggests the anxious might achieve better result by adjusting their __11__ when revising.Dr Theobald notes that test anxiety is at its worst when students have low __12__ of success and at the same time know that passing the exam is __13__ important.To reduce this anxiety,she proposes a __14__ for students to consider as they revise.First,they can raise their belief in their own abilities by reminding themselves of just how much they know.Second,they can __15__ the significance of the test by reminding themselves that,while it is important,it is not a life or death situation.It really isn't.
【语篇解读】 本文说明了考试前的严重焦虑会影响考试结果,并提出了减少焦虑的方法和策略。
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
1.A.clicking B.ticking
C.dropping D.ringing
解析:考查动词。click“点击”;tick“发出滴答声”;drop“掉落”;ring“(铃)鸣响”。结合前文和生活实际可知,钟表的滴答声会让考生紧张。故选B项。
答案:B
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
2.A.slightly B.basically
C.hardly D.completely
解析:考查副词。slightly“稍微”;basically“基本上”;hardly“几乎不”;completely“完全地”。根据“that those who worry about tests do systematically __3__ than those who do not”可知,越是担心考试的人越是考不好,这是不足为奇的。hardly表示否定,符合此处语境。故选C项。
答案:C
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
3.A.worse B.better
C.less D.higher
解析:考查形容词。worse“更糟糕的”;better“更好的”;less“更少的”;higher“更高的”。根据语境可知,担心考试的人会比不担心的人表现更糟糕。故选A项。
答案:A
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
4.A.presentation B.memory
C.revision D.time
解析:考查名词。根据下文中的“To reduce this anxiety,she proposes a __14__ for students to consider as they revise.”可知,不是考试本身的压力,而是复习的压力会导致这一问题。presentation“展示”;memory“记忆”;revision“复习”;time“时间”。故选C项。
答案:C
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
5.A.atmosphere B.expression
C.outcome D.anxiety
解析:考查名词。atmosphere“氛围”;expression“表达”;outcome“结果”;anxiety“焦虑”。根据下文“Those who __7__ well in these also did well in the real thing,__8__ how anxious they were on the day.”可知,此处是说考试当天的焦虑程度不能预测考试成绩。故选D项。
答案:D
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
6.A.prepared B.forgot
C.displayed D.increased
解析:考查动词。prepare“准备”;forget“忘记”;display“展示”;increase“增加”。根据语境并分析四个选项可知,学生在较早时期的学习活动和模拟考试中应是展示知识水平。故选C项。
答案:C
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
7.A.performed B.responded
C.behaved D.activated
解析:考查动词。perform“(成绩、学业)表现”;respond“回应”;behave“(行为举止)表现”;activate“激活”。根据下文中的“also did well in the real thing”可知,在较早时期的学习活动和模拟考试中表现好的人,在真实考试中也表现得很好。此处指的是学业上的表现。故选A项。
答案:A
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
8.A.because of B.as for
C.except for D.regardless of
解析:考查介词短语。because of“因为”;as for“关于”;except for“除了……外”;regardless of“不管、无论”。根据“What Dr Therobald found was that __5__ on the day of the test did not predict exam performance at all.”可知,学生的考试成绩与考试当天的焦虑程度无关。regardless of符合语境。故选D项。
答案:D
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
9.A.took back B.held back
C.pushed back D.brought back
解析:考查动词短语。take back“取回”;hold back“阻碍”;push back“推回”;bring back“使……恢复”。根据“high levels of anxiety during the weeks before the exam took place”可知,考前数周的高度焦虑才是真正阻碍学生发挥的因素。故选B项。
答案:B
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
10.A.record B.review
C.recite D.reproduce
解析:考查动词。record“记录”;review“复习”;recite“背诵”;reproduce“再现”。根据常识可知,在考试时,考生需要在脑海中“再现”自己复习过的知识。故选D项。
答案:D
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
11.A.approach B.view
C.preparation D.material
解析:考查名词。approach“方法”;view“观点”;preparation“准备”;material“材料”。根据“This is a positive discovery,for it suggests the anxious might achieve better result by...”可知,此处指,这是一个积极的发现,因为它表明焦虑者在复习时通过调整他们的方法可能会获得更好的结果。故选A项。
答案:A
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
12.A.spirits B.attitude
C.expectation D.ideas
解析:考查名词。spirit“精神”;attitude“态度”;expectation“期待”;idea“主意”。根据语境以及空后的“of success”可知,此处指学生对成功的期望(很)低。故选C项。
答案:C
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
13.A.immediately B.anxiously
C.approximately D.extremely
解析:考查副词。immediately“立即”;anxiously“焦急地”;approximately“大约”;extremely“极其地”。根据语境可知,学生对成功的期望很低,同时又知道通过考试极其重要——在这种时候,考试焦虑是最严重的。故选D项。
答案:D
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
14.A.theory B.strategy
C.plan D.decision
解析:考查名词。theory“原理”;strategy“策略”;plan“计划”;decision“决定”。根据下文“First,they can...Second,they can...”可知,此处Dr Therobald提出了一项策略,以帮助学生缓解考试焦虑。故选B项。
答案:B
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
15.A.decrease B.enhance
C.realize D.recognize
解析:考查动词。decrease“减少”;enhance“增强”;realize“意识到、实现”;recognize“认出”。根据“while it is important,it is not a life or death situation. It really isn't.”可知,Dr Therobald建议学生通过提醒自己“虽然这很重要,但这不是生死攸关的情况”来降低考试的重要性,并以此缓解考试焦虑。故选A项。
答案:A
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
Test 2
(2023·江苏省南通市高三第一次调研)At 20,I was scared and lonely.My laptop was filled with the beginning of novels,half finished song lyrics(歌词)—things I'd started with teenage __1__ only to be disappointed by my lack of creativity.I was __2__ trying to find a new way to approach life,with no one to __3__ me in the right direction.
One Saturday,I went to a training day for my school's new journalism team. The teacher suggested I start a blog as a good way to get into __4__.Bored and in need of a __5__,I immediately set up a Blogger account.
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
As I typed post after post in the months that followed,I assumed I would run out of __6__.But somehow writing about the news and,later,about __7__,came easily.Here was something interesting that required only a laptop and an __8__.I loved the research that went into each post,loved being able to __9__ what interested me and loved finding just the right phrase to describe how I __10__.I found something I was good at and more importantly,something I __11__.
I kept posting and slowly I got better.I __12__,edited and even learned how to employ a metaphor.It wasn't long until my mind was made up:I was going to be a(n) __13__.
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
Seven years later,I am.Having just completed a fantastic placement(实习)in a local newspaper,I have never been so __14__ to my younger self for actually listening to the one piece of advice that turned out to __15__ most.
【语篇解读】 作者想尝试一种新的生活方式,但是苦于无人指点。有一次作者听从了老师的建议,开始写博客,渐渐地发现了自己擅长和喜欢的事。这让作者不再孤单和害怕,并找到人生目标。
1.A.confusion B.maturity
C.enthusiasm D.innocence
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
解析:考查名词。根据前文“At 20,I was scared and lonely.My laptop was filled with the beginning of novels,half finished song lyrics(歌词)”可知,作者20岁时,电脑里都是小说开头和写了一半的歌词;根据常识可知,这些都是带着年少时的热情做的事。confusion意为“困惑”;maturity意为“成熟”;enthusiasm意为“热情”;innocence意为“清白;纯真”。故选C项。
答案:C
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
2.A.praised B.stuck
C.tricked D.punished
解析:考查动词。根据后文“with no one to __3__ me in the right direction”可知,作者苦于无人指点,所以在寻找新的生活方式的时候,作者是被困住了。praise意为“表扬”;stick意为“卡住,困住”;trick意为“欺骗”;punish意为“惩罚”。故选B项。
答案:B
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
3.A.defend B.force
C.point D.join
解析:考查动词。根据前文“I was __2__ trying to find a new way to approach life...”可知,作者被困住了,苦于无人指点。defend意为“保护”;force意为“强迫”;point意为“指引”;join意为“参加”。故选C项。
答案:C
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
4.A.socializing B.advertising
C.debating D.writing
解析:考查动词。根据第三段中“As I typed post after post in the months that followed...”可知,作者开始一篇一篇地写博客,所以写博客是开始写作的好方法。socialize意为“交际”;advertise意为“登广告”;debate意为“讨论”;write意为“写作”。故选D项。
答案:D
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
5.A.project B.course
C.tour D.budget
解析:考查名词。根据前文“I was __2__ trying to find a new way to approach life...”以及后文中的Bored可知,作者现在很无聊,想寻找一种新的生活方式,所以作者是需要一个计划。project意为“计划”;course意为“课程”;tour意为“旅行”;budget意为“预算”。故选A项。
答案:A
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
6.A.steam B.time
C.money D.luck
解析:考查名词。根据后文“But somehow writing about the news and,later,about __7__,came easily.”可知,作者原本以为写作会让自己筋疲力尽,但实际上写作很容易。run out of steam是固定短语,意为“筋疲力尽”。time意为“时间”;money意为“金钱”;luck意为“运气”。故选A项。
答案:A
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
7.A.events B.myself
C.celebrities D.society
解析:考查名词/代词。根据后文“...loved finding just the right phrase to describe how I __10__.”可知,后来作者开始写自己的感受,所以是指写与自己相关的东西。event意为“大事”;myself意为“我自己”;celebrity意为“名人”;society意为“社会”。故选B项。
答案:B
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
8.A.idea B.option
C.excuse D.answer
解析:考查名词。根据前文“But somehow writing about the news and,later,about __7__,came easily.”可知,作者觉得写博客简单。结合常识可知,因为写博客只要有电脑和想法就行。idea意为“想法”;option意为“选项”;excuse意为“借口”;answer意为“回答”。故选A项。
答案:A
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
9.A.transform B.reject
C.predict D.explore
解析:考查动词。根据前文“I loved the research that went into each post...”以及本句结构可知,本句是排比句,空处应和research意思相近。结合选项可知,D项explore“探索”符合语境,表示探索作者感兴趣的东西。transform意为“使改变”;reject意为“拒绝”;predict意为“预测”。故选D项。
答案:D
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
10.A.acted B.felt
C.developed D.succeeded
解析:考查动词。根据前文“loved being able to __9__ what interested me and loved finding just the right phrase to describe”可知,本句是排比句。结合上文内容可知,作者喜欢探索自己感兴趣的东西。结合选项可知,空处和上文对应,此处应是指作者喜欢找到合适的短语来描述自己的感受。act意为“行动”;feel意为“感觉”;develop意为“(使)成长”;succeed意为“成功”。故选B项。
答案:B
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
11.A.resisted B.remembered
C.explained D.enjoyed
解析:考查动词。根据第一段中的“My laptop was filled with the beginning of novels,half finished song lyrics(歌词)...”以及空前的“I found something I was good at and more importantly...”可推知,作者是喜欢写作的,所以这里指作者找到了自己擅长的东西,更重要的是,找到了自己喜欢的东西。resist意为“抵制”;remember意为“记得”;explain意为“解释”;enjoy意为“喜爱”。故选D项。
答案:D
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
12.A.redrafted B.copied
C.deleted D.published
解析:考查动词。根据前文“I kept posting and slowly I got better.”可知,作者的写作能力提高了,所以此处指作者重新起草和编辑自己写的文章。redraft意为“重新起草”;copy意为“复制”;delete意为“删除”;publish意为“出版”。故选A项。
答案:A
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
13.A.composer B.instructor
C.journalist D.adventurer
解析:考查名词。根据第二段中的“I went to a training day for my school's new journalism team”,第三段中的“writing about the news”及后文“Seven years later,I am.Having just completed a fantastic placement(实习)in a local newspaper...”可知,作者想成为一名新闻记者。composer意为“作曲家”;instructor意为“讲师”;journalist意为“新闻记者”;adventurer意为“冒险家”。故选C项。
答案:C
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
14.A.friendly B.helpful
C.mean D.grateful
解析:考查形容词。根据后文“my younger self for actually listening to the one piece of advice that turned out to __15__ most”可知,作者年轻时听从的一条建议在后来被证明是最重要的建议,所以此处指作者感谢年少时的自己听从老师的建议。friendly意为“友好的”;helpful意为“有用的”;mean意为“吝啬的”;grateful意为“感激的”。故选D项。
答案:D
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破
15.A.matter B.differ
C.cost D.happen
解析:考查动词。通读全文可知,作者想尝试一种新的生活方式,但是苦于无人指点。有一次作者听从了老师的建议,开始写博客,渐渐地发现了自己擅长和喜欢的事。这让作者不再孤单和害怕。由此可知,老师的建议是重要的。matter意为“重要”;differ意为“有区别”;cost意为“使损失”;happen意为“发生”。故选A项。
答案:A(共32张PPT)
专题三 完形填空
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
高考担负着区分学生、选拔人才的功能,因此每篇完形填空中总有两三道较难的题目成为学生取得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点:①解题信息比较隐蔽;②干扰项迷惑性较强;③情感态度较难把握;④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目,除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外,还应小心谨慎应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空题的五大易错点,旨在让学生遇到此类题目时不急于求成,三思而后判。
易错点(一) 因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句子或某一句群,而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇,这就要求学生理解整篇文章,抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想意图或主人公的心理,然后进行准确的推理、判断,从而作出正确的选择。对于此类题目,一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答,读完全文后综合考虑再作判定
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
[典例] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Now,every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage,we are filled with a sense of 54.excitement,wondering what camping fun and __55__ we will experience next.
55.A.failure B.adventure
C.performance D.conflict
[解析] 本题是典型的语篇层次题,只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的,此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。通读全文可知,“我们”的两次露营经历都非常有趣,但同时也是惊险的,因为在露营时会有意想不到的危险情况发生。
[答案] B
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
易错点(二) 因不能正确区分形近(义近)词而错选
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词让学生辨析,因为词形相近或意义相近,无形中增加了难度,如果对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错
[典例] (2022·全国甲卷)
We 51.continued to date,though neither of us brought up the future.And then in late November,Tilly had an operation on her 52.leg.I took the dogs out four times a day,and I worried that Tilly __53__ climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve 54.suggested his house.All worked 55.fine.
53.A.secretly B.constantly
C.eventually D.unwillingly
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
[解析] 四个选项在形式上非常相似,都是副词,部分学生很容易因混淆而失分。本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据语境可知,Tilly做了手术,而作者一天要带它出去四次,也就是说Tilly需要频繁地上下楼梯。结合常识可知,一般情况下做手术后的伤口在频繁的剧烈运动下才会裂开。由此可推断,作者担心Tilly这样“连续不断地”上下楼梯会让伤口裂开。
[答案] B
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
易错点(三) 因词汇理解障碍而错选
在完形填空题的设题上,命题者往往还将一些学生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项,从而造成错选。对于这些词汇,在平时必须高度重视,背熟记熟
[典例] (2022·浙江卷)
Ms.Burdeyney talked to some friends who had 39.similar problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in 40.silence.“Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41.insignificant,”she said.“But more and more are suffering and lives are being __42__.”
42.A.compromised B.forgotten
C.substituted D.separated
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
[解析] 本题考查动词词义辨析。根据本句意思:越来越多的人在遭受眼睛问题带来的痛苦,这属于健康问题,会威胁生命。本题难度在于A选项“便陷入危险,使受到怀疑”,C选项“替代,代替”,对于同学们而言,A、C两项是一个相对陌生的词汇,一些学生可能因为词汇积累不够,又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示信息而失分。
[答案] A
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
易错点(四) 因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选
在最近几年的高考完形填空中,对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜,这往往也是学生容易忽视的地方。很多学生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞,造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析,以帮助学生熟悉其命题特点,从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”
[典例1] (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Our __48__ in the factory were simple:Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing(糖霜)ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt.This was 50.harder than it sounds.51.Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up.
48.A.joys B.ideas
C.roles D.choices
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
[解析] 根据下文中的“Place cakes on moving belt.Attach icing(糖霜)ears...from the belt.”可知,这里介绍的是作者他们在工厂的具体工作或职责。role除了表示“角色”外,还可以表示“职责,作用”。
[答案] C
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
[典例2] (2023·全国乙卷)
To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人)all around event,Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she __41__ best.
41.A.tried B.thought
C.judged D.knew
[解析] 根据句意,可知为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军,Douglas必须离开她最熟悉的一切。此处know这个词属于熟词生义,意为“熟悉,了解”。对于know,我们比较熟悉的意思是“知道,认识到,懂得,”由此可知正确选项。
[答案] D
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
易错点(五) 因惯性思维而错选
在英语学习中,由于种种原因,如学生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等,学生可能有一些思维定式,即不善于思考,考虑问题不全面,导致误解一些题目,从而抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况:
(1)学习单词时受到思维定式影响。
有些学生学习英语单词过于简单化,只记中文意思,而不深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如:表示“成功做某事”不可以用succeed to do sth.来表达。
(2)学习词组或习惯用语时受到思维定式影响。
例如:学习了wait for 这个词组以后,有的学生在做题过程中只要碰到 wait,后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择 for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light”中就不用for
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
[典例] (2021·天津卷)
For Pruitt,a keen bicyclist,the first thing to do was __19__ his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping,he found few available,which got him thinking:What if the 20.lack of bikes was COVID 19 related,and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed 21.transportation to get to work
19.A.ride B.lock
C.repair D.replace
[解析] 考查语境推断。Pruitt作为热衷骑自行车的人,自行车被偷,他首先要做的应该是换一辆自行车。但受思维定式影响,可能看到下文的bike 就下意识地以为应选择 ride a bike 这个固定搭配,从而误选A项。
[答案] D
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
Test 1
(2023·安徽省江南十校高三下学期联考)Amy Taylor had weathered some tough years.Her husband suffered a lot from kidney failure in 2020,and the poor mother __1__ her job in the economic depression.
During the spring break,her 14 year old daughter,Emily Moore,tooka part time job,and __2__ a minimum wage.But before she could spend the money,Emily had an idea.The news in Kansas City that week had been filled with stories about a police officer,Jimmy Moss,who was badly hurt in a car accident in the line of duty.He was in __3__ condition.Emily and her unemployed mother had never forgotten how __4__ the police had been when Taylor was robbed in the street one day.Emily decided to __5__ the money to Officer Moss's family.Her mom __6__ agreed.
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
Taylor called the police and made an anonymous(匿名的)donation.Moved by her __7__ expression of thanks,the officers did what they do best—they __8__ Taylor.When she explained the family's __9__,the officers could hardly believe it.“With her current financial __10__,we encouraged her to keep the money,”the department later explained.“She __11__,saying the officer's family needed it and the police needed to know they were __12__.”
By then,that feeling of support was mutual.The police set up a GoFundMe page for Taylor,whom they named “The Woman With the Heart of Gold”.As of January 11,2023,they had __13__ $165,405.Even better:Officer Moss,who had a 1 percent chance of __14__,is out of the hospital and __15__.
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
【语篇解读】 文章主要讲述了Amy Taylor一家和警察相互支持的故事。
1.A.changed B.lost
C.quit D.finished
解析:考查动词。根据上文的“tough years”和第二段中“Emily and her unemployed mother”可知,Amy Taylor失业了。lose意为“失去”,故选B。
答案:B
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
2.A.offered B.suggested
C.set D.earned
3.A.critical B.rare
C.stable D.fair
解析:考查动词。根据上文中的“a part time job”和下文中的“a minimum wage”可知,此处是指Emily做兼职,挣最低工资。earn意为“挣得;赚得;挣钱”,故选D。
答案:D
解析:考查形容词。根据上文中的“Jimmy Moss,who was badly hurt in a car accident in the line of duty”可推知,此处指这位警察伤情很严重。critical意为“严重的;不稳定的;可能有危险的”,故选A。
答案:A
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
4.A.annoyed B.nice
C.disappointed D.wise
5.A.lend B.pass
C.donate D.show
解析:考查形容词。根据下文中的“the police had been when Taylor was robbed in the street one day”可推知,此处指这位名叫Jimmy Moss的警察非常好,曾帮助过Taylor。nice意为“好心的”,故选B。
答案:B
解析:考查动词。根据第三段中的“made an anonymous donation”可知,Emily决定将她挣的钱捐给Moss警察一家。donate意为“捐赠”,故选C。
答案:C
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
6.A.temporarily B.hesitantly
C.readily D.cautiously
7.A.generous B.distant
C.written D.public
解析:考查副词。根据第三段中的“Taylor called the police and made an anonymous(匿名的)donation”和“When she explained the family's...”可知,妈妈欣然同意Emily捐款。readily意为“乐意地,欣然地”,故选C。
答案:C
解析:考查形容词。由上文可知,Emily将所挣的钱全部匿名捐赠出去了,这说明她表达感谢的方式很慷慨。generous意为“慷慨大方的”,故选A。
答案:A
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
8.A.came across B.tracked down
C.turned to D.calmed down
9.A.motivation B.faith
C.tradition D.principle
解析:考查动词短语。根据下文中的“When she explained the family's __9__,the officers could hardly believe it.”可知,此处指警察找到了Taylor。track down意为“(经过长时间艰难搜索后)找到”,故选B。
答案:B
解析:考查名词。根据语境可知,Taylor告诉了警察们她捐款的动机。motivation意为“动机”,故选A。
答案:A
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
10.A.credit B.security
C.service D.hardship
11.A.agreed B.complained
C.refused D.guessed
解析:考查名词。由第一段“Amy Taylor had weathered some tough years.Her husband suffered a lot...her job in the economic depression.”可推知,她目前在经济上有困难。hardship意为“困难”,故选D。
答案:D
解析:考查动词。由下文中的“saying the officer's family needed it”可推知,她拒绝把钱留下来。refuse意为“拒绝”,故选C。
答案:C
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
12.A.supported B.promised
C.treated D.defeated
13.A.kept B.added
C.taken D.raised
解析:考查动词。根据语境可知,Taylor拒绝拿回捐赠的钱,说Moss警察的家人需要它,并且Moss警察需要知道他们得到了支持。support意为“支持”,故选A。
答案:A
解析:考查动词。由上文“The police set up a GoFundMe page...”可推知,他们已经筹集了165 405美元。raise意为“筹集”,故选D。
答案:D
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
14.A.promotion B.survival
C.freedom D.growth
15.A.regretting B.collapsing
C.recovering D.escaping
解析:考查名词。根据上文可知,Moss警察伤情很严重,所以这里指他只有百分之一的存活机会。survival意为“生存,存活”,故选B。
答案:B
解析:考查动词。根据上文中的“is out of the hospital and”可知,Moss警察现在已经出院了,并在恢复中。recover意为“恢复;康复”,故选C。
答案:C
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
Test 2
(2023·湖南省衡阳二模)A storm blew up over the state.In the morning,I found a baby bird in the gallery.He was wet through,looking very __1__ for himself.He was alone,with no __2__ around.Realizing he was __3__ by the storm,I picked him up and made a big “house”for him,filled with some grass and __4__.
He was very __5__ at first.But as time __6__,he finally became outgoing and sat on my shoulder as I walked in the yard.From then on,he __7__ became a member of my family.He ate some of the dog's meat and some insects I __8__ to find.Two weeks going by,he decided to fly off on his own!I was glad he __9__ and was able to live his life as he should.
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
About one year later,I was in the yard again,this time hanging out some __10__ when a big bird flew down and __11__ on my shoulder!He was not a bit __12__,and I knew it was him.Staying for a while,he flew off up into the __13__,disappearing.
A wild bird came back to say,“Thank you for __14__ me.”Fantastic!__15__ the little thing,I experienced a strong sense of satisfaction.
【语篇解读】 在一个雨夜过后作者收养了一只可怜的小鸟。小鸟长大后飞回来表示感谢,作者内心对此感到非常满足。
1.A.sorry B.grateful
C.proud D.happy
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
解析:考查形容词。根据上文中的“He was wet through”和下文中的“He was alone”可知,一夜风雨后,小鸟湿透了,看上去很为自己难过的样子。sorry意为“难过的”,故选A。
2.A.food B.signs
C.parents D.people
答案:A
解析:考查名词。根据上文中的“baby bird”和“He was alone”可知,小鸟的父母不在身边。parents意为“父母”,故选C。
答案:C
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
3.A.found B.attacked
C.destroyed D.troubled
4.A.flowers B.branches
C.trees D.toys
解析:考查动词。根据下文中的“by the storm”可知,小鸟被暴风雨袭击,和父母走散了。attack意为“袭击”,故选B。
答案:B
解析:考查名词。根据常识可知,鸟窝里会放有草和树枝。branch意为“树
枝”,故选B。
答案:B
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
5.A.noisy B.relieved
C.satisfied D.quiet
6.A.went away B.broke out
C.passed by D.caught up
解析:考查形容词。根据下文中表示转折的“But”和“he finally became outgoing and sat on my shoulder”可知,一开始小鸟很安静,后来才变得外向起来。quiet意为“安静的”,故选D。
答案:D
解析:考查动词短语。根据空前的“time”可知,此处指的是随着时间的推移。as time passed/went by意为“随着时间推移/流逝”,故选C。
答案:C
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
7.A.officially B.secretly
C.luckily D.surprisingly
8.A.expected B.intended
C.promised D.managed
解析:考查副词。根据语境可知,小鸟正式成为作者家庭中的一员。officially意为“正式地”,故选A。
答案:A
解析:考查动词。根据语境并分析四个选项可知,作者设法给小鸟找虫子吃。manage意为“勉力完成,设法做成”,故选D。
答案:D
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
9.A.escaped B.recovered
C.rested D.survived
10.A.washing B.teaching
C.buildings D.findings
解析:考查动词。根据上文中的“Two weeks going by,he decided to fly off on his own!”可知,小鸟决定独自飞行,应是恢复健康了。recover意为“恢复健康”,故选B。
答案:B
解析:考查名词。根据上文中的“I was in the yard again,this time hanging out some”可知,在院子里最有可能的活动是晾衣服。washing意为“(刚洗过的)衣物”,故选A。
答案:A
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
11.A.drank B.slept
C.ate D.landed
12.A.astonished B.angry
C.afraid D.calm
解析:考查动词。根据空后的“on my shoulder”可知,一只大鸟落到了作者肩膀上。land意为“落”,故选D。
答案:D
解析:考查形容词。根据下文中的“I knew it was him”可知,这只大鸟一点也不怕作者,因为它是作者之前救助过的那只鸟。afraid意为“害怕的”,故选C。
答案:C
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
13.A.gallery B.yard
C.house D.sky
14.A.serving B.rescuing
C.curing D.making
解析:考查名词。根据常识可知,这只鸟应是飞向天空,消失不见了。sky意为“天空”,故选D。
答案:D
解析:考查动词。根据上文可知,作者救了这只鸟,因此它飞回来向作者表示感谢。rescue意为“援救”,故选B。
答案:B
第三讲 查缺补漏,复读全篇破难题
15.A.Thanks to B.In spite of
C.In addition to D.Next to
解析:考查介词短语。根据下文“I experienced a strong sense of satisfaction”可知,作者因这只鸟的谢意而感觉到一种强烈的满足感。thanks to意为“由于,幸亏”,故选A。
答案:A(共19张PPT)
专题三 完形填空
专题三 完形填空
[研高考·辨考向]
年份 卷名 体裁 主题 考点 主题语境 主题语境内容 句内层次题 句组层次题 语篇层
次题
2023 新高考Ⅰ卷 夹叙夹议文 人与自我 赛场助人 8 5 2
全国乙卷 记叙文 人与自我 努力获取成功 9 8 3
全国甲卷 夹叙夹议文 人与社会 不应根据外表评判事物好坏 10 6 4
专题三 完形填空
续上表
2022 新高考Ⅰ卷 记叙文 人与社会 作者一家人开心而又刺激的露营经历 7 7 1
全国乙卷 说明文 人与社会 幼儿认识新发明 9 9 2
全国甲卷 记叙文 人与社会 因宠物结缘 10 7 3
2021 新高考Ⅰ卷 记叙文 人与社会 在工厂体验劳动的甘苦 7 5 3
全国乙卷 记叙文 人与社会 表达感谢 9 6 5
全国甲卷 记叙文 人与自然 海鸥引发的酒店混乱 10 7 3
专题三 完形填空
续上表
命题专家谈高考 1.选材特点。
完形填空的体裁主要以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主,主题语境包括人与自我、人与社会及人与自然,选材都是积极向上、充满正能量的文章,倡导至真、至善、至美的价值观。选材原汁原味,语言地道,能够传递正能量,从学生熟悉的话题中考查英语素养。
2.考查特点。
主要考查实词。一般情况下,名词和动词(短语)考查的数量占2/3以上;考点层次从低到高可分为词汇层次、句子层次、语篇层次,既要求学生借助语篇知识从宏观上把握文章的整体结构、了解文章的发展脉络,又要求学生能够从微观上分析句子内部、句子与句子之间以及段落与段落之间的逻辑关系,并根据上下文的语境和常见的语篇衔接手段来填补“残篇断章”
第一讲 把握整体,通读题文
做完形填空题时不能急于求成、贸然行动,脱离语篇大环境,凭主观臆断,造成“只见树木,不见森林”的片面性错误。要先通读全文和选项,对文意和题目有个大致了解,搞清楚主旨大意及思考方向后,再进行第二遍精读和答题。如何读文,如何做题,怎样才能高效解题,本讲将给予详解。
一、把握4大文体特征
(一)常考文体——记叙文
完形填空的文章体裁以记叙文为主,常见的故事基本上可分为餐厅故事、师生关系、家庭生活和个人奋斗等类型。从叙事方式来看,故事内容基本上都遵循“起—承—转—合”的常见记叙文写作思路。从正负面态度来解释,则可分为两种模式:一种为“负—正”,即故事开始是“坏事”,后来转变为“好事”;另一种是“正—负—正”,即文章开始平静祥和,中间经历挫折、困难,最终迎来光明美好的结局。两种模式的共同点在于:无论故事如何开篇,过程都会经历曲折,结尾必然收获美好、充满希望。
第一讲 把握整体,通读题文
(二)常考文体——夹叙夹议文
夹叙夹议类的文章通常是采用叙议结合的写作方法,文章先进行叙述,然后再在段落的结尾或文章的末尾展开议论,说明故事所蕴含的哲理或总结出作者的观点。阅读此类文章时,学生要重点关注议论的部分,从而总结出文章的主旨。
(三)偶考文体——说明文
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式,用来说明事物的一种文体。它通过剖析概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性,给人准确的科学知识或传递某种思想,其基本模式是:观点—说明—总结。
第一讲 把握整体,通读题文
(四)偶考文体——议论文
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、提出主张或发表见解的说理性文章。议论文三要素是论点(作者的观点,也就是被证明的对象)、论据(用来证明论点的依据,是说明论点的理由和材料)和论证(运用论据证明论点的过程与方法)。高考议论型短文分为两种:一种是夹叙夹议型短文;另一种是纯议论型短文。第一种的基本模式是:叙述事件—抒发感悟—得出结论;第二种的基本模式是:提出论点—列出论据—作出总结。
第一讲 把握整体,通读题文
二、掌握3步解题流程
第一讲 把握整体,通读题文
三、练就1项超人技能
什么是“题文齐读” 为什么要“题文齐读”
题文齐读,顾名思义就是一边读文,一边用眼睛的余光扫一下题目。二者并不是相互分散精力,而是协调配合、相互印证的。要做到双眼聚焦(一眼侧重于读文,一眼侧重于扫描对应的选项),眼、脑共用(边读文边思考,对各空的选项有一个初判)。这项技能要求较高,运用此法要保证注意力高度集中,要具备较强的聚合思维。在平时的训练中要多尝试应用才能默化成规,内化于心 (1)一篇大约200词的短文存在15处空格,信息的残缺不全会造成较大的文意理解障碍。不看选项,不进行初判,“硬啃式”读文,会造成越读越难,到后面甚至读得心烦意乱,从而造成文意理解的偏差。
(2)完形填空大部分题目是送分或保分题目,通过边读边预判就能够填补大部分空格,随着越来越多的空格被填补还原,文意也就越来越明显,读文障碍也会越来越少。“题文齐读”可以大大缩减读文和答题时间
第一讲 把握整体,通读题文
[真题体验]
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)On Oct.11,hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have __41__ the course earlier than she did.Her __42__came because she was carrying a __43__ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper,Bailey was more than two thirds of the way through her __44__ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.She __45__ to help her fellow runner,Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with __46__.She couldn't.Bailey then __47__ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line,then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __48__ attention.
第一讲 把握整体,通读题文
Once there,Lenoue was __49__ and later taken to a hospital,where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.She would have struggled with extreme __50__ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help.
As for Bailey,she is more __51__ about why her act is considered a big __52__.“She was just crying.I couldn't __53__ her,”Bailey told the reporter.“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the __54__,they've since become friends.Neither won the race,but the __55__ of human kindness won the day.
第一讲 把握整体,通读题文
【语篇解读】 本篇通过讲述Bailey为了帮助一个对手而延误了比赛的故事,赞美了人性的善良。
41.A.designed B.followed
C.changed D.finished
42.A.delay B.chance
C.trouble D.excuse
解析:考查动词。通读文章可知,此处表示Melanie Bailey本来应该比实际时间更早地完成比赛,故选D项。should have done意为“本应该做”。
答案:D
解析:考查名词。由上文的earlier可知,Melanie Bailey之所以没有更早地完成比赛,是因为途中有事发生,所以她被耽搁了,故选A项。delay“延迟,耽搁”;chance“机会”;trouble“麻烦”;excuse“借口,理由”。
答案:A
第一讲 把握整体,通读题文
43.A.judge B.volunteer
C.classmate D.competitor
44.A.race B.school
C.town D.training
解析:考查名词。由下文第45空后的her fellow runner可知,她帮助的是一个和她一起参加比赛的跑者,也就是competitor(选手)。第一段第一句中的competed in也是对此处答案的提示。
答案:D
解析:考查名词。根据第一段第一句中的a cross country race可知,她参加了一场比赛,故选A项。
答案:A
第一讲 把握整体,通读题文
45.A.agreed B.returned
C.stopped D.promised
46.A.courage B.aid
C.patience D.advice
解析:考查动词。正在跑步的Melanie Bailey发现Danielle Lenoue在痛苦地大叫,应是停下来帮助她。stop to do sth意为“停下来去做某事”。
答案:C
解析:考查名词。Melanie Bailey发现Danielle Lenoue在痛苦地大叫,因此挽着她的胳膊,想看她能否在别人的帮助下往前走,with aid意为“在帮助下”。第50空后的Bailey's help中的help为aid的同义词复现。
答案:B
第一讲 把握整体,通读题文
47.A.went away B.stood up
C.stepped aside D.bent down
解析:考查动词短语。由上文可知,Danielle Lenoue已经不能走动;再结合下文的let Lenoue climb onto her back(让Lenoue爬到她的背上),并结合常识可知,Melanie Bailey应该是弯下身子,才能让Lenoue爬到自己的背上。故选D项。go away“走开”;stand up“起立”;step aside“走到一边”;bend down“弯腰”。
答案:D
第一讲 把握整体,通读题文
48.A.medical B.public
C.constant D.equal
49.A.interrupted B.assessed
C.identified D.appreciated
解析:考查形容词。因为Danielle Lenoue受伤了,所以她需要得到医疗救治(medical attention),故选A项。public“公众的”;constant“持续的”;equal“平等的”。
答案:A
解析:考查动词。根据常识可知,这里指的是医务人员对Lenoue的伤情做了评估后,把她送到了医院。assess意为“评定,评估”,这里指的是医务人员对伤员的评估。interrupt“打断,打岔”;identify“确定”;appreciate“感激,欣赏”。
答案:B
第一讲 把握整体,通读题文
50.A.hunger B.pain
C.cold D.tiredness
51.A.worried B.ashamed
C.confused D.discouraged
解析:考查名词。由上文的she had serious injuries in one of her knees可知,Lenoue受了重伤,因此她应是极其痛苦的,故选B项。
答案:B
解析:考查形容词。根据下文可知,Melanie Bailey认为她只是做了正确的事情。而上文中,Melanie Bailey帮助Danielle Lenoue一事得到了当地报纸的报道。空后的why给出提示,故Melanie Bailey应是对被报道一事感到困惑。worried“担心的”;ashamed“羞愧的”;discouraged“气馁的”。
答案:C
第一讲 把握整体,通读题文
52.A.game B.problem
C.lesson D.deal
53.A.leave B.cure
C.bother D.understand
解析:考查名词。由这件事被报道可知,Melanie Bailey的所作所为被认为是一件重要的事情,故选D项。a big deal为固定搭配,意为“一件重要的事”。
答案:D
解析:考查动词。Melanie Bailey告诉记者,Lenoue当时正在大叫,自己应是不能把她留在原地。
答案:A
第一讲 把握整体,通读题文
54.A.ride B.test
C.meet D.show
55.A.secret B.display
C.benefit D.exchange
解析:考查名词。这里指的是,在这次比赛前两人不认识。meet意为“体育比赛”。
答案:C
解析:考查名词。由前文可知,Melanie Bailey放弃赢得比赛的机会,救助一名同场竞技的选手,这种行为是人性之善的展示(display),故选B项。secret“秘密”;benefit“好处”;exchange“交换”。
答案:B