人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句课件(共22张PPT)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句课件(共22张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-12-05 12:56:31 | ||
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(共22张PPT)
定语从句
Attributive clause
She is the one _______ you never forget.
she must be the reason ______ God made a girl.
She is the heaven-sent angel______ you met.
that
why
/
一、定义
1.定语从句在句子中作定语，修饰主句中的某一个名词、名词词组或代词。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的那个名词、名词词组或代词是先行词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。可以分为：关系代词和关系副词。关系词替先行词并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
Eg:The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Potter.
二．关系代词
1.定语从句中的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as.
2.关系代词所代替的先行词是表人或物的名词、名词词组或代词；并且在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。
that:既可以指代人（=who/whom），也可以指代物(=which)；在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略。
Eg.The doctor (that/whom) you are looking for is in the room.(作for后宾语) He is the man that/who wants to see you.
(作wants前的主语)
which:指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略。
Eg:Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys.
(作is前的主语) The book (that/which) he is reading is too difficult to understand.(作reading后的宾语)
who:指人，在从句中作主语，有时也作宾语。
The person who/that lost the library book must pay for it.
(作lost的主语) The actor (who/that) you wanted to see didn’t come.(作see的宾语)
whom:指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略。
Eg: He is the doctor to whom your mother spoke.(作to的宾语) Mr. Wang is the person(whom) you talked about on the bus.(作about的宾语)
whose:既可以指人，也可以指物。在从句中作定语。(=of which/of whom)
Eg:The classroom whose door is broken will be repaired.
(作定语) Please pass me the book whose cover is green.（作定语）
as:常译为“正如”“像...一样的”,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、状语。在一些固定搭配中常见：such...as...; so...as....; the same...as...（相似）,as...as...
注意：such...that...“如此...以至于...”引导结果状语从句（例7）、
the same...that...（同一物）
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.(作宾语)This is the same knife as I lost yesterday.(作宾语)(相似物)This is the same pen that I used yesterday.(两物为同一物)（作宾语）I will do it in the same way as you did.(作状语)
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As we all know, he studies very hard.(作宾语)
As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.(作主语)This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.
作主语 作宾语 作定语
指人 who/that whom/that(可省) whose
指物 which/that which/that(可省) whose
三. 关系代词的特殊用法：
①不用that的情况：
A. 引导非限制性定语从句时
Eg:The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous.
B. 关系代词前有介词时，即没有“介词+that”的用法
Eg:The pen with which he is writing was bought yesterday.
C.先行词本身是that时
Eg:That which you told him is exciting.
D.一个句子有两个定语从句，其中一个是由that 引导时，另一个为了避免重复不用that
Eg:He bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could help him to kill the time.
They secretly built up a small factory,which produced things that could cause pollution.
②只用that不用which的情况
A. 不定代（something,anything,nothing,all,much,any,few,little,none,the one等）作先行词或修饰先行词时，用that
Eg：All that we have to do is to practice everyday. I have read all the books that you gave me.
B. 先行词被the only, the very正是, the last,the same修饰时,用that
Eg: This is the only book that can be useful to us.
C. 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级时或者被序数词、最高级修饰时，用that Eg: He couldn’t answer the second question that was
raised by his teacher.
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
D. 先行词既有人，又有物时，用thatEg: He told us the people and the places that he had visited.
E. 当主句中有疑问代词which,who等时，用thatEg：Who is the man that is standing beside Tom Which is the book that you like best
F. 主句是there be 句型，用that（先行词为人时用who）,注意介词后用which，如例2Eg: There is a man who wants to see you.
There is a mountain of which the top is always covered with snow.
There is a car that belongs to my friend.
G. 当先行词在主句中作表语且关系代词在从句中作表语时，用that
Eg:Jack is not the man that he was.
③其他特殊情况：
A. 当先行词是指人的one,ones,anyone或those代词时,根据其所指代的是人还是物及在从句中充当的成分确定，不用that
Eg: God helps those who help themselves.
He admires those which looks beautiful.(注意)
We’ll never forget those which we spent together in that country.
B. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致
Eg:The boy who often works out in the gym is my brother.
The boys who often work out in the gym are my classmates.
C.“one of the +复数名词”作先行词时，且该先行词在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词用复数形式Eg: This is one of the best films that have been shown this year.
D.“the only one of the +复数名词”作先行词，且该先行词在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Eg: This is the only one of the books that was not paid for.
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四、关系副词
关系副词在引导定语从句时，相当于介词短语，在句中作状语。关系副词有：when,where,why, 分别在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。
即：①当先行词为时间名词且从句中缺少时间状语，用when引导
②当先行词为地点名词且从句中缺少地点状语，用where引导
注意：有一些先行词，如point,position,stage,case,situation,policy等属于抽象地点名词
book,novel,scene,joy,story,report,movie,letter,activity等含有内容信息的名词也可作抽象地点名词，译为“在...之中”，也用where;
③当先行词为reason且从句中缺少原因状语，用why引导；如果是非限制性定语从句，用for which引导
Eg: The reason, for which he was absent from the meeting ,wasn’t given.
④当先行词是the way且在从句中作方式状语时，关系词可用in which或that，也可省略
注意：如果不作方式状语，根据the way在定语从句中的成分来决定（例2）Eg:The way in which we manage our time can greatly affect our productivity.
The way which/that/不填 you thought of to solve the problem is very useful.(the way 在定从中作of的宾语)
五.关系副词的特殊用法：
1. 某些在从句中充当时间、地点、或原因的介词+关系代词可以和关系副词when,where,why互换。
即when=介词+关系代词；where=介词+关系代词；why=for+关系代词Eg:This is the reason why/for which he gave up the chance. This is the company where/in which we worked last year. I’m looking forward to a day when/on which we can enjoy a clean and quiet environment.
2. “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词指物时，为“介词+which”；关系代词指人时，为“介词+whom”;
关系代词是所有格时，为“介词+whose”
Eg:The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. The city in which she lives far away from her home. He is the man in whose pocket I found my lost money.
3.“介词+关系代词前可能有some,none,all,both, any,many,most, each, few, neither等代词，常见如:some of+关系代词
Eg: I have many friends, most of which have a good command of English.
I have many friends and most of them have a good command of English.
六、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 起限定作用，修饰特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句意义不完整 仅作补充或说明，去掉从句，主句意义完整
结构 不用逗号隔开 一般用逗号隔开
作用 修饰先行词 修饰先行词、整个主句或主句的一部分，常按并列的分句翻译整个主句作为先行词时，从句谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，用which引导（例3）
引导词 皆可用 that, why不可引导
Eg:People who takes physical exercise live longer. His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. He has been busy with his work the whole holiday, which has made his girlfriend unhappy.
定语从句关系词选择方法：
一勾从句二找先行词三还原四选择
“介词+关系代词”中介词的选择：一先二动三意义
Thank you
定语从句
Attributive clause
She is the one _______ you never forget.
she must be the reason ______ God made a girl.
She is the heaven-sent angel______ you met.
that
why
/
一、定义
1.定语从句在句子中作定语，修饰主句中的某一个名词、名词词组或代词。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的那个名词、名词词组或代词是先行词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。可以分为：关系代词和关系副词。关系词替先行词并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
Eg:The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Potter.
二．关系代词
1.定语从句中的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as.
2.关系代词所代替的先行词是表人或物的名词、名词词组或代词；并且在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。
that:既可以指代人（=who/whom），也可以指代物(=which)；在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略。
Eg.The doctor (that/whom) you are looking for is in the room.(作for后宾语) He is the man that/who wants to see you.
(作wants前的主语)
which:指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略。
Eg:Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys.
(作is前的主语) The book (that/which) he is reading is too difficult to understand.(作reading后的宾语)
who:指人，在从句中作主语，有时也作宾语。
The person who/that lost the library book must pay for it.
(作lost的主语) The actor (who/that) you wanted to see didn’t come.(作see的宾语)
whom:指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略。
Eg: He is the doctor to whom your mother spoke.(作to的宾语) Mr. Wang is the person(whom) you talked about on the bus.(作about的宾语)
whose:既可以指人，也可以指物。在从句中作定语。(=of which/of whom)
Eg:The classroom whose door is broken will be repaired.
(作定语) Please pass me the book whose cover is green.（作定语）
as:常译为“正如”“像...一样的”,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、状语。在一些固定搭配中常见：such...as...; so...as....; the same...as...（相似）,as...as...
注意：such...that...“如此...以至于...”引导结果状语从句（例7）、
the same...that...（同一物）
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.(作宾语)This is the same knife as I lost yesterday.(作宾语)(相似物)This is the same pen that I used yesterday.(两物为同一物)（作宾语）I will do it in the same way as you did.(作状语)
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As we all know, he studies very hard.(作宾语)
As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.(作主语)This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.
作主语 作宾语 作定语
指人 who/that whom/that(可省) whose
指物 which/that which/that(可省) whose
三. 关系代词的特殊用法：
①不用that的情况：
A. 引导非限制性定语从句时
Eg:The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous.
B. 关系代词前有介词时，即没有“介词+that”的用法
Eg:The pen with which he is writing was bought yesterday.
C.先行词本身是that时
Eg:That which you told him is exciting.
D.一个句子有两个定语从句，其中一个是由that 引导时，另一个为了避免重复不用that
Eg:He bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could help him to kill the time.
They secretly built up a small factory,which produced things that could cause pollution.
②只用that不用which的情况
A. 不定代（something,anything,nothing,all,much,any,few,little,none,the one等）作先行词或修饰先行词时，用that
Eg：All that we have to do is to practice everyday. I have read all the books that you gave me.
B. 先行词被the only, the very正是, the last,the same修饰时,用that
Eg: This is the only book that can be useful to us.
C. 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级时或者被序数词、最高级修饰时，用that Eg: He couldn’t answer the second question that was
raised by his teacher.
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
D. 先行词既有人，又有物时，用thatEg: He told us the people and the places that he had visited.
E. 当主句中有疑问代词which,who等时，用thatEg：Who is the man that is standing beside Tom Which is the book that you like best
F. 主句是there be 句型，用that（先行词为人时用who）,注意介词后用which，如例2Eg: There is a man who wants to see you.
There is a mountain of which the top is always covered with snow.
There is a car that belongs to my friend.
G. 当先行词在主句中作表语且关系代词在从句中作表语时，用that
Eg:Jack is not the man that he was.
③其他特殊情况：
A. 当先行词是指人的one,ones,anyone或those代词时,根据其所指代的是人还是物及在从句中充当的成分确定，不用that
Eg: God helps those who help themselves.
He admires those which looks beautiful.(注意)
We’ll never forget those which we spent together in that country.
B. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致
Eg:The boy who often works out in the gym is my brother.
The boys who often work out in the gym are my classmates.
C.“one of the +复数名词”作先行词时，且该先行词在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词用复数形式Eg: This is one of the best films that have been shown this year.
D.“the only one of the +复数名词”作先行词，且该先行词在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Eg: This is the only one of the books that was not paid for.
单击此处输入你的正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终演示发布的良好效果，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；根据需要可酌情增减文字，以便观者可以准确理解您所传达的信息。
布置课后作业
您的正文已经简明扼要，字字珠玑，但信息却错综复杂，需要用更多的文字来表述；但请您尽可能提炼思想的精髓
四、关系副词
关系副词在引导定语从句时，相当于介词短语，在句中作状语。关系副词有：when,where,why, 分别在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。
即：①当先行词为时间名词且从句中缺少时间状语，用when引导
②当先行词为地点名词且从句中缺少地点状语，用where引导
注意：有一些先行词，如point,position,stage,case,situation,policy等属于抽象地点名词
book,novel,scene,joy,story,report,movie,letter,activity等含有内容信息的名词也可作抽象地点名词，译为“在...之中”，也用where;
③当先行词为reason且从句中缺少原因状语，用why引导；如果是非限制性定语从句，用for which引导
Eg: The reason, for which he was absent from the meeting ,wasn’t given.
④当先行词是the way且在从句中作方式状语时，关系词可用in which或that，也可省略
注意：如果不作方式状语，根据the way在定语从句中的成分来决定（例2）Eg:The way in which we manage our time can greatly affect our productivity.
The way which/that/不填 you thought of to solve the problem is very useful.(the way 在定从中作of的宾语)
五.关系副词的特殊用法：
1. 某些在从句中充当时间、地点、或原因的介词+关系代词可以和关系副词when,where,why互换。
即when=介词+关系代词；where=介词+关系代词；why=for+关系代词Eg:This is the reason why/for which he gave up the chance. This is the company where/in which we worked last year. I’m looking forward to a day when/on which we can enjoy a clean and quiet environment.
2. “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词指物时，为“介词+which”；关系代词指人时，为“介词+whom”;
关系代词是所有格时，为“介词+whose”
Eg:The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. The city in which she lives far away from her home. He is the man in whose pocket I found my lost money.
3.“介词+关系代词前可能有some,none,all,both, any,many,most, each, few, neither等代词，常见如:some of+关系代词
Eg: I have many friends, most of which have a good command of English.
I have many friends and most of them have a good command of English.
六、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 起限定作用，修饰特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句意义不完整 仅作补充或说明，去掉从句，主句意义完整
结构 不用逗号隔开 一般用逗号隔开
作用 修饰先行词 修饰先行词、整个主句或主句的一部分，常按并列的分句翻译整个主句作为先行词时，从句谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，用which引导（例3）
引导词 皆可用 that, why不可引导
Eg:People who takes physical exercise live longer. His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. He has been busy with his work the whole holiday, which has made his girlfriend unhappy.
定语从句关系词选择方法：
一勾从句二找先行词三还原四选择
“介词+关系代词”中介词的选择：一先二动三意义
Thank you