课件29张PPT。语法部分专题一 名词课时训练41 名词
一、根据句意填合适的名词
1．It was dark and he had already lost his ________ of direction.
答案 sense
解析 句意：天黑了，他早已失去了方向感。sense of direction“方向感”。
2．In the past few years Lucy has formed the habit of keeping a supply of candles in the house in case of power ________.
答案 failure
解析 句意：在过去的几年里，露西养成了在家里备些蜡烛以防停电的习惯。power常常和failure连用，指“停电”。
3．It is amazing that we have a perfect ________ of the city on top of the tower.
答案 view
解析 从后面的on top of the tower可知，这里指从塔顶上看到的优美的风景，故填view。 view强调从远处或者高处看到的风景。
4．Little John hardly got anything in ________ for his kind act, which made him unhappy.
答案 reward
解析 句意：小约翰对于自己的善行几乎没得到什么回报，因此他很不高兴。根据后面的for his kind act可知填写reward，意为“回报，报酬”。
5．The factories are staying open all weekend to try to meet the customers' ________ for this product.
答案 demand
解析 句意：这些工厂周末都在开工，以满足顾客对该产品的需求。meet one's demand for sth.“满足某人对某物的需求”。
6. Students are advised to keep the list of books near the desk for easy ________.
答案 reference
解析 句意：学生们得到的建议是把书单放在课桌边，以便参考。for reference“供参考”。
7．Before we end this program, let's take a ________ at the sports news briefly.
答案 glance
解析 句意：我们结束这个节目之前，让我们简要浏览一下体育新闻。从后面的briefly可知填写glance，take a glance at sth.“对某物瞥一眼”。
8．According to a UN report，one third of the world population have no ________ to clean drinking water and health care.
答案 access
解析 句意：根据联合国的报告，世界三分之一的人口喝不到干净的饮用水，得不到好的医疗保健。have access to“得到，有权进入”。
9．—Did you finish reading that long novel?
—No，I ran out of ________. It's too long and I only completed half of it.
答案 patience
解析 句意：——你读完那部长篇小说了吗？——没有，我都没有耐心了。太长了，我只读完了一半。patience“耐心”。
10．Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a ________ of exercise.
答案 lack
解析 句意：健康问题与不好的饮食习惯以及缺乏锻炼有密切的联系。根据常识可知，缺乏锻炼会导致健康问题。lack“缺少；缺乏”。
11．To protect the environment, the local government has put up a lot of ________ to warn the citizens not to litter the ground.
答案 signs
解析 句意：为了保护环境，当地政府竖起了很多警示牌提醒市民不要乱扔垃圾。sign“标记，标牌”。
12．After about one hour of the play between China and South Korea, the ________ was 3-2 in our favour.
答案 score
解析 句意：中国队和韩国队打了大约一个小时之后，比分是3：2，我们领先。从后面的3-2 in our favour可知，这里指的是比分，因此填score。
二、根据中文意思完成下面句子
1．——迈克，你今天似乎状态不太好。
——是的，我昨晚几乎没睡。我在准备一个报告。
—Mike，you don't seem to be quite ________ today.
—Well，I hardly slept last night.I was preparing for a ________.
答案 yourself; report
2．——你想好去哪里过暑假了吗？
——是的，我要去一个安静的地方，尤其是一个适合放松的地方。
—Have you got any ________ for the summer vacation?
—Yes.I'm going to a peaceful place, especially ________ suitable for ________.
答案 idea; one; relaxation
3．据我所知，他从不食言；你放心，他会按时来接你的。
As far as I know，he never breaks his ________；you can rely on ________ that he'll come to meet ________ on time.
答案 word/promise; it; you
4．有些习题看上去好像就是你以前做过的，但是如果再仔细一看，你就会发现其中的不同。
________ of the ________ appear to be the ________ that you have done，but after taking ________ second look，you will find that they are different.
答案 Some; exercises; ones; a
5．我认为这次实验不是一个失败。至少我们已经为未来的成功获得了经验。
I don't think the experiment ________ failure.At least，we have gained ________ for future success.
答案 a; experience
6．我们的村庄仅由200个家庭组成。
___________________________________________________
答案 Our village consists of no more than 200 families.
7．知识就是力量。
____________________________________________________
答案 Knowledge is power.
8．星期天我们通常不上课。
____________________________________________________
答案 We usually don't have classes on Sundays.
9．读这样的小说是浪费时间。
_________________________________________________
答案 It is a waste of time reading such a novel.
10．他们已经克服了这些困难。
__________________________________________________
答案 They have smoothed away the difficulties.
11．我的英语口语和苏珊的一样好。
___________________________________________________
答案 My spoken English is just as good as Susan's.
12．从山顶上，你可以鸟瞰我们的整个城市。
_________________________________________________
答案 From the top of the hill, you can get a bird's view of the city.
13．这个城市的环境变得越来越好了。
___________________________________________________
答案 The environment of the city is getting better and better.
14．抱歉，我是化学老师，不是英语老师。
__________________________________________________
答案 Sorry, I am a Chemistry teacher, not an English teacher.
15．电为我们提供动力，开动机器。
___________________________________________________
答案 Electricity gives us power and makes machines work.
16. “It's a new term and a new day. I wish I ________ (能适应新环境) as soon as possible，” 15-year-old Li Mingyang said. (adapt, environment)
答案 could adapt to the new environment
17. She was found ________ (拥有) dangerous drugs. (possession)
答案 in possession of
18. My hometown, in common with all the other cities and towns, ________________ (经历了巨大变化) over the last 10 years. (experience, great)
答案 has experienced great changes
19. You can't imagine a woman like her ________ (负担一个如此大的家庭) can always wear big smiles on her face. (burden)
答案 (who is) burdened with such a big family
20. If only he ________ (去看电影)yesterday. (movie)
答案 had seen/watched/gone to the movie
三、高考原题单项填空
1．We most prefer to say yes to the ________ of someone we know and like.
A. attempts B. requests
C. doubts D. promises
答案 B
解析 考查名词辨析。句意为：对于我们熟悉和喜欢的人提出的要求，我们一般都会同意的。根据句意可知，request表示“请求，要求”，符合语境。attempt意为“企图，尝试”；doubt意为“怀疑，疑惑”；promise意为“允诺，承诺”，都不符合语境。故选B项。
2．—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?
—That's a good ________.
A. saying B. question
C. suggestion D. account
答案 C
解析 考查名词辨析。句意为：如果没有足够的钱买辆新车，为什么不先买辆二手车呢？这是个好建议。saying意为“谚语，言论”；question意为“问题”；suggestion意为“建议”；account意为“账户”。根据“why not”可知，此处表示建议。故选C。
3．Her ________ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.
A. motivation B. qualification
C. talent D. technique
答案 A
解析 考查名词辨析。句意为：她写作的动机是渴望女性能够有权利接受高等教育。A项意为“动力，动机”；B项意为“资格”；C项意为“才能，才艺”；D项意为“技术”。根据语境“a desire”可知，此处表示写作的动机和愿望。故选A。
4．She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year's election.
A. symbol B. portrait
C. identity D. statue
答案 A
解析 考查名词辨析。句意为：两年前她被软禁在家，但是在去年的选举中她仍是位有影响力的代表性人物。A项意为“象征，代表”，符合语境。故A项正确。B项意为“肖像”；C项意为“身份”；D项意为“雕像”，都与语境不符。
5．—Could you tell me the ________ of making such tasty cakes?
—Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.
A. feature B. plan
C. cost D. trick
答案 D
解析 考查名词辨析。句意为：你能告诉我制作这么可口的蛋糕的诀窍吗？我只是按照烹饪书上的方法做的。A项意为“特色，特征，容貌”；B项意为“计划，打算”；C项意为“费用，代价，成本”；D项意为“技巧，方法”。故选D。
6．When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now，” Joan's face turned red at the unexpected ________.
A. command B. comparison
C. compliment D. contribution
答案 C
解析 考查名词辨析。句意为：当Richard说，“你现在越发美丽，越发招人喜欢了”，Joan对这意外的赞美不由得羞红了脸。A项意为“命令，指挥”；B项意为“比较”；C项意为“赞美”；D项意为“贡献，捐献”。根据语境“You are much more agreeable and prettier now”可知，这些是赞美之词。故选C。
7．Wind is now the world's fastest growing ________ of power.
A. source B. sense
C. result D. root
答案 A
解析 考查名词辨析。句意为：风是现在世界上发展最快的能量来源。根据常识可知，风是能量的一种来源。故选A，意为“来源，源头，根源”。B项意为“意识，感觉”；C项意为“结果”；D项意为“根，根源”，均不符合语境。
8．With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a ________ for the better.
A. share B. chance
C. turn D. lead
答案 C
解析 考查名词辨析。句意为：因受到其他国家饮食文化的启发，美国的饮食文化可以好转。turn意为“变化”，take a turn for意为“向……方向变化”，符合题意。share意为“份额，股份”；chance意为“机会”；lead意为“领导，榜样”。故选C项。
9．As the world's population continues to grow, the ________ of food becomes more and more of a concern.
A. worth B. supply
C. package D. list
答案 B
解析 考查名词辨析。句意为：随着世界人口的不断增加，食品供应问题越来越受到人们的关注。the supply of food意为“食品供应”，符合语境。worth意为“价值”；package意为“包装”；list意为“清单，名册”，均不符合语境。故选B项。
10．Carbon dioxide, which makes a ________ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.
A. difference B. comparison
C. connection D. barrier
答案 D
解析 考查名词辨析。A项意为“区别，不同”，make a difference意为“有区别，有意义，有作用，有影响”；B项意为“比较”；C项意为“联系，连接”；D项意为“屏障，障碍”。两个逗号中间的句子为非限制性定语从句，修饰的先行词为Carbon dioxide。句意为：二氧化碳在我们与太阳之间构建了一道屏障，阻止了热量从大气中散失出去，所以地球越来越暖和了，答案选D。
11．Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________.
A. curiosity B. satisfaction
C. envy D. patience
答案 D
解析 考查名词辨析。句意为：我不论什么时候犯错误，老师总是耐心地指出来。curiosity意为“好奇”；satisfaction意为“满足”；envy意为“嫉妒”；patience意为“耐心”。由语境可知，patience正确。故答案选D。
12．Poetry written from the ________ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
A. perspective B. priority
C. participation D. privilege
答案 A
解析 考查名词辨析。句意为：根据都市年轻人的观点，诗歌写作总会暴露他们对于缺少归属感的焦虑。A项意为“观点，看法”；B项意为“优先(权)”；C项意为“参加，参与”；D项意为“特权”。from the perspective of the urban youth意为“根据都市年轻人的观点”。故答案选A。
13．You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ________.
A. purpose B. reference
C. progress D. memory
答案 B
解析 考查名词词义辨析。句意为：你最好还是把那家酒店的电话号码记下来，便于以后查询。purpose意为“目标，目的”；reference意为“查阅，查询”；progress意为“进步”；memory意为“记忆，回忆，存储”。B项符合语境，故选B。
14．—Can I help you with it?
—I appreciate your ________， but I can manage it myself.
A. advice B. question
C. offer D. idea
答案 C
解析 考查名词辨析。句意为：我可以帮你吗？感谢你的提议，我自己能应付得来。offer意为“主动提议，建议”，符合语境。advice意为“建议，劝告”；question意为“问题”；idea意为“想法，主意”。故选C项。
15．Your ________ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
A. operation B. growth
C. performance D. character
答案 C
解析 考查名词辨析。句意为：作为一个学生，如果你能养成一种反思自己所学的习惯，你的表现将会非常出色。performance表示“表现，表演”，符合语境；operation表示“手术，操作”；growth表示“成长”；character表示“个性”，都不符合语境，所以选C项。
16．—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well, you know, English is my ________. So it is my best choice.
A. strength B. talent
C. ability D. skill
答案 A
解析 考查名词辨析。句意为：你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作？哦，你是知道的，英语是我的强项。所以这是我最好的选择。strength强项，优势；talent才能；ability能力；skill技能。A项符合语境，故选A。
17．You are working too hard. You'd better keep a ________ between work and relaxation.
A. promise B. lead
C. balance D. diary
答案 C
解析 考查名词词义辨析。句意为：你工作太卖力了。你最好能够平衡工作和休息。promise承诺；lead引导；balance平衡；diary日记。由语境可知选C。
18．He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It's just a matter of ________.
A. luck B. value
C. time D. fact
答案 C
解析 考查名词词义辨析。句意为：他迟早会理解你的良苦用心的，这只是时间问题。根据“sooner or later”可知，选C。
19．The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa.
A. pattern B. procedure
C. program D. perspective
答案 B
解析 考查名词辨析。句意为：这位官员坚持认定Michael没有按照正确的程序申请签证。B项意为“程序”，符合句意；A项意为“模式”，C项意为“节目”，D项意为“远景”，均与句意不符。
20．Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________.
A. consequence B. independence
C. competence D. intelligence
答案 C
解析 考查名词辨析。consequence意为“后果”；independence意为“独立”；intelligence意为“智力”，都不符合题意。competence意为“能力(ability)”，符合语境。句意为：老师们必须经常更新知识以保持他们专业的能力。
21．“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire！” the mother shouted, with ________ clearly in her voice.
A. anger B. rudeness
C. regret D. panic
答案 D
解析 考查名词词义辨析。anger意为“愤怒，气恼”；rudeness意为“粗鲁”；regret意为“遗憾”；panic意为“恐慌，惊恐”。句意为：“Tommy，快！快跑！房子着火了！”那位母亲大叫着，声音中带着恐慌。根据句意可知，D项正确。
22．What's the ________， in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn't make an effort to help himself?
A. sympathy B. theme
C. object D. point
答案 D
解析 考查名词辨析。What is the point of doing sth.是固定结构，表示“做……有……意义”。sympathy表示“同情”；theme表示“主题”；object表示“目标”，均无此搭配。故选D。
23．The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major ________ of global climate change.
A. result B. cause
C. warning D. reflection
答案 B
解析 考查名词。句意为：公众缺乏环保习惯是全球气候变化的主要原因。cause“原因”，符合语境。result意为“结果”；warning意为“警告”；reflection意为“反应”，均不符合语境，可排除。故答案为B。
24．Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big ________， but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.
A. project B. commitment
C. competition D. ambition
答案 B
解析 考查名词词义辨析。project意为“工程，项目”；commitment意为“承诺，保证”；competition意为“竞争”；ambition意为“抱负，志向”。句意为：放弃工作回去专职从事教育是一个巨大的承诺，但是现在我知道这是我曾经做出的最好的选择。由此可知，B项符合题意。
25．Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children's ________.
A. touch B. sight
C. reach D. distance
答案 C
解析 考查名词词义辨析。out of one's reach意为“在某人够不着的地方”，为固定搭配，符合句意。out of touch意为“失去联系”；out of sight意为“看不见；在视野范围之外”；out of distance意为“离太远；达不到”。故选C项。
26．James took the magazines off the little table to make ________ for the television.
A. room B. area
C. field D. position
答案 A
解析 考查名词词义辨析。room房间，空间；area地区，面积；field田地，田野；领域；position位置。题干中所填词与make和for构成搭配make room for...为……腾出地方(空间)，故选A。
27．I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ________.
A. hearing B. strength
C. recognition D. measure
答案 C
解析 考查名词辨析。hearing是“听力，听觉”的意思；strength是“力气”的意思；recognition是“认识，认出”的意思；measure是“测量，措施”的意思。本句句意为：从Sara还是一个小女孩时起，我就没有见过她，现在她已经变得让我认不出来了。很明显，根据句意应该用recognition。
28．The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct ________.
A. solution B. target
C. measure D. fun_ction
答案 A
解析 考查名词。句意为；学校的咨询师会帮助你讨论你的问题，但是他们不会给任何直接的解决办法(solution)。
29．Those who suffer from headache will find they get ________ from this medicine.
A. relief B. safety
C. defense D. shelter
答案 A
解析 考查名词辨析。relief表示“用药后病情的缓解”。safety(安全)、defense(保护、防护)、shelter(掩蔽处、躲避)都不符合题意。
30．The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good ________.
A. expectation B. reputation
C. contribution D. civilization
答案 B
解析 考查名词辨析。have a good reputation(声誉；名声)表示“享有很高的声誉”。 expectation(期待；期望)，contribution(贡献)，civilization(文明)都与题意不符。
