2024年英语中考+非谓语动词Non-finite Verb课件 (共40张PPT)

(共40张PPT)
Non-finite Verb非谓语动词
Lesson 9
Non-finite Verb
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目录
CONTENTS
动词不定式
动名词
非谓语动词的固定用法
现在分词、过去分词
什么是非谓语动词？
在句子中不当谓语的动词.
非谓语动词 构成 特征和作用
不定式 to do 具有名词、副词和形容词的作用，可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语、补足语和状语
动名词 doing 具有名词的作用，可在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语
分词 现在分词 doing 具有副词和形容词的作用，可在句中作定语、表语、补足语和状语
过去分词 done
谓语与非谓语的区别：
1、谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语, 而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Li teaches us English.
He told me the truth.
teaches、told在句子中当谓语
2、谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制, 而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
Miss Li comes to our classroom to have a talk with us.
He is going to stop smoking in this year.
非谓语：to have、smoking
一、动词不定式
1、构成：
否定：
2、特点：
to do
not to do
动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留有动词的特点。
eg: I come here to learn English.
Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.
一、动词不定式
3、基本用法：
（1）作主语
（2）作表语
（3）作宾语
（4）作宾语补足语
（5）作定语
（6）作状语
（7）与疑问词连用
一、动词不定式
（1）to do作主语
eg: ①学外语很容易。
②解决这个问题很困难。
动词不定式 to do 作主语时，一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数。
To learn foreign languages is very easy.
To solve this problem is very difficult.
一、动词不定式
it作形式主语，to do作真正的主语
①It is (not) +adj./n.+ (for sb.) to do sth.
②It is (not) +adj.+of sb. to do sth.
③It takes/took sb.+时间+ to do sth.
It is difficult for him to learn English well.
It is time for you to go to school.
It is kind of you to help me.
It takes me two hours to finish homework.
一、动词不定式
（2）to do作表语
（3）to do作宾语
作表语时，动词不定式 to do一般位于be动词之后。
常见句型：sb’s job is to do sth.
The problem is to find a solution.
My job is to look after the baby.
①动词feel，find，make， think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语，后面接动词不定式
主语＋feel／find／make／ think等＋it＋adj．＋to do
I find it difficult to learn a new skill.
一、动词不定式
②常见的动词不定式作宾语
What would you like to drink, tea or coffee
I hope to travel abroad when I grow up.
☆动词不定式作宾语的动词：
三个希望两答应，hope, wish, expect, agree, promise
两个要求莫拒绝。demand, ask, refuse
设法学会做决定，manage, learn, decide/determine
不要假装在选择。pretend, choose/select
打算提出两计划，intend, offer, plan, mean
申请失败负担起，apply, fail, afford
准备愿望又碰巧。prepare, desire, happen
两想要：would like，want
一、动词不定式
（4）to do作宾语补足语
动词+ sb.(宾语) + to do sth.(宾补)
The teachers asks me to clean the blackboard.
My parents allow me to play computer games once a week.
want、ask、allow、invite、encourage、advise、expect、warn、order、teach、would like、tell、persuade、remind、force......等
一、动词不定式
省略to动词不定式作宾语补足语
口诀：
一感二听三让四看
一半帮
eg:My parents make me sweep the floor.
make + sb. + do sth. 省略to
feel
listen to ，hear
let，make，have
watch，see
look at ，notice
help
help sb. to do sth.
help sb. do sth.
一、动词不定式
注意！
①在“一感二听四看”这些感官动词的后面也常用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行中。
eg: see sb. do sth. see sb. doing sth.
We heard her singing. 我们听见她在唱歌。（强调“唱歌”正在进行）
We heard her sing. 我们听见她唱歌了。（表示有过“唱歌”这一动作）
②被动语态将 to 还原（let除外）
eg: make sb. do. sth. sb. be made to do sth.
My parents made me sweep the floor.
I was made to sweep the floor by my parents.
一、动词不定式
（5）to do作定语
（6）to do作状语
动词不定式 to do 一般作后置定语，放在名词或代词之后。
I have a lot of homework to do. (to do 作homework的后置定语）
I want something to eat. (to eat 作something的后置定语）
①to do作目的状语
to do /in order to do/so as to do为了做...
He went to the bank to get money.
一、动词不定式
②to do作结果状语
常见于“too……to……”太而不能
“enough…… to……”足够...做某事
The boy is too young to finish this work.
The boy is not old enough to finish this work.
③to do作原因状语
形容词(difficult, happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等)+to do
I'm so glad to hear that you have passed the exam.
一、动词不定式
（7）to do与疑问词连用
疑问词+ to do
可在句中作主语，宾语，表语等
疑问代词：what, who, which
疑问副词：when, where, why, how
eg: Where to stay is not been decided.（作主语）
I don't know how to get to the Scholar.（作宾语）
The question is how to make her happy.（作表语）
一、动词不定式
常见省略to的动词不定式句型：
Why not + do sth. 为什么不做某事？
Why don’t you + do sth. 你为什么不做某事？
had better (not) + do sth. 最好（不）做某事
Will you please + do sth. 你愿意做某事吗？
would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事
sb. do nothing but do sth. 某人只能做某事
二、动名词
基本用法：
（1）作主语
（2）作表语
（3）作宾语
（4）作定语
二、动名词
1、作主语
2、作表语
3、作宾语
谓语动词用三单，有时先it用作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。
动名词做主语表示一种习惯、概念或经验。
句型：It is adj./n.+ doing sth. （出现频率较少）
Talking is no use.=It's no use talking.
It's no use crying.
Tom's favorite sport is playing football.
作动词和介词的宾语
He is fond of playing basketball.
Jimmy enjoys playing the piano.
二、动名词
直接带动名词做宾语的口诀 eg: enjoy doing sth.
避免错过少延期 avoid, miss, postpone, put off
建议完成多练习 suggest, finish, practice
喜欢想象禁不住 enjoy, imagine, can't help
承认否定又妒忌 admit, deny, envy
逃避冒险多原谅 escape, risk, excuse
忍受保持不介意 stand, keep(on), mind
二、动名词
完成练习值得忙 finish， practice， be worth， be busy
继续习惯别放弃 keep on， be used to， give up
考虑建议不禁想 consider， suggest，can' t help， feel like
喜欢思念要介意 enjoy，miss，mind
注意两个建议：
suggest sb. doing sth. suggest doing sth. suggest that +从句
advise sb. to do sth. advise doing sth.（基本不考）
二、动名词
4、作定语
注意！
下列词组中to是介词, 后只用动词ing形式：
Kate won the first prize in the singing competition.
（1）be used to doing习惯于做…
（2）look forward to doing 期望做…
（3）pay attention to doing 全神贯注做…
（4）make a contribution to doing 做贡献…
（5）say no to doing 对…说不
二、动名词
动名词的特殊用法 既可以接动名词也可以接动词不定式的动词，但意义不同的词。 remember 记得做过某事(动作已发生) 记得去做某事(动作未发生)
forget 忘了做过某事(动作已发生) 忘记去做某事(动作未发生)
regret 后悔做某事(动作已发生) 遗憾去做某事(动作未发生)
try 尝试做某事 尽力做某事
stop 停止做某事 停下来去做另一件事
continue 继续做原来的事 接着做另一件事
can’t help 忍不住做某事 无法帮助做某事
注意:want,need,require接动名词(doing)表示被动意义，表示“想,要…” The matter needs thinking over. ( =to be thought over)
三、非谓语动词的固定用法
1、would rather do…than do… 意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……”
2、prefer to do…rather than do…或prefer doing…to doing…
意为“宁愿做…而不愿做…”
3、why do. . . 或why not do…. 表示责问或建议
4、feel like doing sth. 表示“想要做某事''
I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.
He preferred to stay at home rather than go with us.
Why not go there after supper
What do you feel like doing when you grow up
三、非谓语动词的固定用法
5、Would like to do sth. 想要做某事
6、too … to… 太……而不能……/… enough to … …… 足够……
7、had better +(not)+do 最好(不)……
8、Will you please +do 你能……吗？
Would you like to go shopping with us
The boy is too young/not old enough to look after himself.
You’d better not stay there today.
Will you please close the door
四、现在分词、过去分词（较少考察）
1、分词作定语
修饰语与被修饰词为主动关系或动作正在进行用现在分词
修饰语与被修饰词为被动关系或动作已完成用过去分词
分词前置
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
分词后置
There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里
This is the question given.这是所给的问题
四、现在分词、过去分词
2、分词作状语
As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
=Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
=Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
总结：
现在分词做状语时和逻辑主语（句子的主语）之间存在主动关系。
过去分词做状语时和逻辑主语（句子的主语）之间存在被动关系。
四、现在分词、过去分词
3、分词作补语
通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，表示宾语的动作或状态。
I found my car missing.
I'll have my watch repaired.
4、分词作表语
通常放在系动词后作表语。
She looked tired with cooking.
He remained standing beside the table.
现在分词：表示主动，正在进行
过去分词：表示被动，已经完成
四、现在分词、过去分词
5、分词作插入语
generally speaking 一般说来
talking of(speaking of) 说道
strictly speaking 严格的说
judging from 从…判断
all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration 全面看来
Exercise
一、单项选择
1、—I have to regret ________ that you won’t be accepted to the university.
— I see. I really regret________most of my time playing computer games instead of working hard.
A．to say, to spend B．saying, to spend C．to say, spending
2、I found ________very interesting ________a horse.
A．that; to ride B．it; rides C．it; to ride
3、It’s necessary _____ masks（口罩）in public places during the COVID-19 period.
A．for us to wear B．for us wearing C．of us wearing D．of us to wear
4、Mr. Li is a kind-hearted man. He does everything he can ________ homeless people.
A．helped B．helping C．help D．to help
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Exercise
5、Our teacher always chooses classical songs she enjoys ________ us between classes.
A．relax B．relaxing C．to relax D．to relaxing
6、Online short video apps like Douyin make______easier to do some shopping at home.
A．it B．one C．this D．that
7、I'd like_______ all the students who are here today.
A．to congratulating B．to congratulate C．congratulating D．congratulate
8、—Could you tell me________
—At 10:00 tomorrow morning.
A．how to leave B．when to leave
C．where you’ll leave for D．who you’ll leave with
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Exercise
9、The pop singer was busy ________ for his concert. He didn’t have enough time to take a rest.
A．to prepare B．preparing C．prepare D．prepared
10、— Would you mind ________ the window It's too hot inside.
— No, not at all.
A．open B．opening C．opens D．to open
11、Mr. Baker’s been in Britain for several years, so he’s used to _______ on the left.
A．drive B．driving C．drives D．drove
12、Huawei has succeeded in ________new software for his products. I can’t wait ________a new Huawei mobile.
A．developing, to buy B．developed, buying
C．developing, buy D．develop, buying
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Exercise
13、﹣Hello， Lucy， please give me some____on how to improve my English!
﹣You'd better keep___more English books．
A．advices；read B．advice；read
C．advice；reading D．advices；reading
14、—Mr Black, my computer is broken, it needs ________.
—OK, I will have it ________ tomorrow.
A．to be mended; mending B．mending; to mend
C．mending; mended D．to mend; to be mended
15、It took my daughter two weeks ______ the novels ______ by Yang Hongying.
A．read, written B．to read, written C．reading, to write D．to read, wrote
16、—Tom, your hair is too long, and you should have it _____ this Sunday.
A．cut B．to cut C．cuts
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Exercise
17、Because of COVID-19, the government advised us ________ to the public places less.
A．going B．to go C．not to go D．go
18、The community worker is patient enough ________ to the old how to use Health Code(码).
A．explain B．explains C．to explain D．explaining
19、_________ myself, I will take up a hobby like painting this summer.
A．Improve B．Improving C．To improve D．Improved
20、The lecture（讲座）is worth ________. Please tell John ________ late.
A．attend; not be B．to attend; to be
C．attended; to being D．attending; not to be
21、The boy is crazy about music and we always hear him ___ in the music room.
A．to sing B．sings C．singing D．sing
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Exercise
22、—English is difficult ________ at the beginning.
—Yes, but if you keep ________ , you can make progress.
A．to be learned; trying B．to learn; trying
C．to be learned; to try D．to learn; to try
23、Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sun from _____ directly in your eyes.
A．shine B．shining C．to shine
24、A group of elephants in Yunnan Province have trouble ________ a proper living place. We should help them.
A．find B．found C．to find D．finding
25、—Look! There are some students ________ basketball on the playground.
—Yes. I often see them ________ basketball there.
A．play; play B．play; playing C．playing; play D．playing; playing
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Exercise
26、Our school has held many activities ________ the 100th birthday of the Communist Party of China.
A．celebrate B．celebrated C．to celebrate
27、I would be interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve, because it allows people ________ closer to them.
A．get B．to get C．getting D．got
28、The earth is in great danger now. We have to do something ________ it.
A．protect B．protecting C．to protect D．protected
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Exercise
二、完成句子
1、这本周刊值得一读，它展示了中国近年来所取得的诸如“嫦娥五号”“天问一号”和深潜器“奋斗者号”等科技成就。
The weekly magazine ________ ________ ________, which presents China’s great scientific achievements, such as Chang’e-5, Tianwen land Fendouzhe.
2、疫苗接种是阻止新冠病毒传播的有效方式。
Vaccination is an effective ________ to stop COVID-19 from ________.
3、及时复习功课是一个多么好的习惯啊！
What __________________________ your lessons in time!
is worth reading
way spreading
a good habit it is to review
Exercise
4、Jenny总是注意着把一切保持得井然有序。
Jenny always ______________________________________.
5、我正期待着收到你的来信。
I’m looking forward ______________ you.
6、只有博览群书，我们才能增长知识、开阔眼界。
Only by ________ ________ can we gain more knowledge and broaden our horizons.
7、好的学习者不害怕犯错。
Good learners are not afraid of ____________ _____________.
pays attention to keeping everything in order
to hearing from
reading widely
making mistakes