Module 4 Great Scientists 模块精品备课

课件38张PPT。Module 4Module 4
Great ScientistsGrammar
The Passive VoiceWhat can you conclude from the following sentences from the text?1. Rice is also grown in many other Asian countries.
2. Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China.3. As a boy he was educated in schools
and was given a nickname …
4. Researchers were brought in from
all over China …读下面的句子, 总结各种时态被动语态的构成形式。 1. Our teachers are respected by us.
2. He will be beaten by me.
3. Paper was first invented in China.
4. They really have been poorly paid.被动语态(Passive Voice)5. Production costs had been greatly reduced.
6. A new railway is being built.
7. The roads were being widened.am, is, are + 过去分词was, were + 过去分词shall, will + be + 过去分词am, is, are +being +过去分词was, were +being +过去分词has, have + been +过去分词had been + 过去分词 Look! There’s nothing here.
Everything has been taken away.

I was born in 1981.
She is liked by everybody.
不知道动作的执行者不必提出动作的执行者强调动作的承受者When will you use passive voice? He is said to be a good teacher.
You’ll be contacted.
Star War is acted by Harrison Ford.
习惯用法不确定动作的执行者行文的需要1. 每天都有新的问题被处理。New problems are dealt with every day.2. 明年将种许多树。Many trees will be planted next year.3. 计划将会执行。The plan would be carried out. 4. 昨天下午这个问题在会上正在被讨论。Radios had just been invented then.The question was being discussed at
the meeting yesterday afternoon. 5. 那时收音机刚刚发明。短语动词的被动语态：That old man was often laughed at.
The doctor has been sent for.结论:
短语动词在主动结构中是一个不可分割的词组, 在被动结构中也是如此, 不可去掉后面的介词或副词。1. 一定要充分利用时间。
Time must be made good use of.
2. 坏习惯已经被改掉了。
Bad habits have been done away with.
3. 那个计划就要被他们放弃了。
The plan will be given up by them.
4. 孩子将被很好地照顾。
The children will be taken good care of.1. He must be prevented from going.
2. The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.结论: 含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为: “情态动词 + be + 动词过去分词”情态动词的被动语态:改错:Such things needn’t talked.
Such things needn’t be talked about.2. The books may kept for two weeks by you.
The books may be kept for two weeks by you.She heard him sing a song just now.
He was heard to sing a song just now.结论: 主动句中的宾语如果是不带to的不定式, 在变成被动句中的主语补足语时, to不能省去。1. I noticed him cross the street.
He was noticed to cross the street.
2. They often help me clean the room.
I am helped to clean the room.
3. We often see her read English in the morning.
She is often seen to read English in the morning.结论: 带双宾语的动词的被动语态的
形式为:由其中一个宾语作主语, 常为表示人的间接宾语。We gave him some books.
He was given some books.
Some books were given to him.We elected him our monitor.
He was elected our monitor by us.
We saw him sitting there without doing anything.
He was seen sitting there without doing anything.结论:带有宾语补足语的动词的被动语态原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。The door was locked by the monitor.
The door was locked.
The composition was written with great care.
The composition is well written.Look at the following sentences:结论: 被动语态表示动作, 句子主语是动作对象; 而“连系动词 + 表语(过去分词)” 表示状态, 其中过去分词相当于形容词, 因此被动语态可以有多种时态, 而“连系动词 + 表语”中的只有一般时态和完成时态。As a boy he ____________ (educate) in many schools.
2. He _________ (give) the nickname, “the student who asks questions”.
3. The results of his experiments _____________ (publish) in China in
1966.was educatedwas givenwas publishedComplete the sentences using the
verbs in brackets.4. Finally, in 1970 a naturally sterile
male rice plant
_____________(discover).
5. 50 thousand square kilometres of rice
fields ______________ (convert) to
growing vegetables.
6. Following this, Yuan Longping’s rice
____________ (export) to other
countries.was discoveredwere convertedwas exported课后小练
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The trees _____________ (plant) in
rows in the field by our class tomorrow.
2. His leg ________ (hurt) when he ____
(fall) from the tree yesterday.
3. The children must _______ (take) good
care of while their teacher is away.will be plantedwas hurtfellbe taken4. The hospital ________ (build) a few
years ago. It _______________ (repair) at the moment.
5. Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings ________ (hold) every year.was builtis being repairedare heldLook at the sentence and decide which question the underlined phrase answers.He thought he could produce more rice by crossing different species of plant.by+ing formWhat could he produce?
Why should he produce more rice?
How could he produce more rice?by 与动词-ing连用，译为“通过……”。表示某种方式。
e.g. By helping them we are helping to
save ourselves.选D。空格处所填的词与making并列，同作by的宾语，故用动词-ing形式。题意为“人通过出错并改正错误来学习语言。” One learns a language by making mistakes and _____ them.? (北京2012)
A. corrects???? ????????????????? B. correct
C. to correct??? ???????????????? D. correctingRewrite the sentences by changing the underlined phrases with a phrase beginning with by+ing.Example:
You can get a good job if you study hard.
You can get a good job by studying hard.1. Yuan Longping changed agriculture in China. He discovered a new type of rice.Yuan Longping changed agriculture in China by discovering a new type of rice.Researchers learn things by carrying out experiments.2. Researchers learn things when they
carry out experiments.3. They changed the design and so they built a better engine.By changing the design they built a better engine.You will become a better pianist by practising often.4. You will become a better pianist if you
practise often.5. If we plan for the future we can be happy in the present.By planning for the future we can be happy in the present.Choose the correct way of saying the numbers.5,000,000
(a) five million
(b) five millionsFunction
Talking about numbers2. 47.5%
(a) forty seven half percent
(b) forty seven point five percent
3. 632
(a) six hundred and thirty two
(b) six hundred thirty two
4. 4/5
(a) four fifths (b) four fiveRead the sentences aloud.Rice was first grown about 5,000 years ago.
China exports about 1.5% of its rice.
Australia produces about 250,000 tons of rice.
2/3 of the word’s population regularly eat rice.Finish exercises on page 85.Homework课件48张PPT。Module 4Module 4
Great ScientistsIntroduction
& ReadingWhat is his/her name?
What did he /she invent or discover?
When did he / she invent / discover it?DiscussionName: ____________________
Nationality: _______________
Major: ___________________
Inventions /discovers: __________________________
When did they invent/discover:
__________________________Qian XuesenChinesePhysicsChinese atom bombIn 1964What great scientists do you know?Name: ____________________
Nationality: _______________
Major: ___________________
Inventions /discovers: __________________________
When did they invent/discover:
__________________________Marie CuriePolishPhysicsRadioactivityIn 1898Name: ____________________
Nationality: _______________
Major: ___________________
Inventions /discovers: __________________________
When did they invent/discover:
__________________________Yuan LongpingChineseAgriculturehybrid riceIn 1970Name: ____________________
Nationality: _______________
Major: ___________________
Inventions /discovers: __________________________
When did they invent/discover:
__________________________Albert EinsteinGerman / AmericanMathematical Physicsrelativity In 1905Name: ____________________
Nationality: _______________
Major: ___________________
Inventions /discovers: __________________________
When did they invent/discover:
__________________________ArchimedesSicilianPhysics, MathematicianBuoyancy 浮力About 240 BCMatch the two parts.Qian Xuesen
Marie Curie
Archimedes
Stephen Hawking
Albert EinsteinTheory of Relativity
Father of China’s aerospace
discovered Radium
Father of integral calculus
A Brief History of TimeDo you know any other Chinese scientists except Qian Xuesen? Have you heard
of Yuan Longping?1. the study of animals _______
2. the study of plants _______
3. the study of all living things _______biochemistry biology botany chemistry genetics physics zoologyzoologybotanybiologyMatch the words and definitions.4. the study of physical objects and natural forces _______
5. the study of chemical processes in living things _____________
6. the study of the structure of substances and how they react with each other
_________
7. the study of inherited characteristics in living things _______physicsbiochemistrychemistrygeneticsThe Student Who Asked QuestionsLook at the title of the reading passage. Guess what it is about.
Listen to the passage and check out what it is about on earth. Fast readingPara 1
Para 2
Para 3
Para 4
Para 5
Para 6SkimmingA. His discoveries have
brought?in great profit.
B. As a boy, he was called “the
student who asked questions.
C. Yuan Longping is a leading
figure in the rice – growing
world.D. The yield of the new hybrid
rice is much greater than
that of other types of rice
grown in Pakistan.
E. As a young teacher, he
began experiments in crop
breeding.
F. He discovered a new type of
rice.Para 1
Para 2
Para 3
Para 4
Para 5
Para 6The first paragraphWhich country is the world’s largest rice producer?China.Many Asian Countries and some European countries.Scanning2. Where is rice grown in the world?3. Who is the leading figure in the rice-
growing world?Yuan Longping. The second paragraph1. Where was Yuan Longping born and
brought up?China.The student who asks questions.2. What nickname was he given? The third paragraphWhat did Yuan Longping study in college?Agriculture.To have more rice and to produce it more quickly.2. What was the key to feeding more
people?3. What is the only way to do it?To cross different species of rice plant.The fourth paragraph What did the special type of rice plant have to be?It had to be male and sterile.In 1970.2. When did Yuan Longping make a
breakthrough in his research? 3. Who supported his research?Researchers from all over China and the government.The fifth paragraph1. What was the result of his discoveries?Chinese rice production rose by 47.5%.Rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other crash crop.Pakistan, the Philippines and so on.3.Where was his rice exported to?2. What are other advantages? The last paragraph What is the most important crop in Pakistan?Wheat.Its yield is much greater than that of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.2. What’s the feature of the new hybrid
rice?Read the passage and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).1. China produces more rice than any other country.
2. Yuan Longping asked a lot of questions at school.T T Careful reading3. He developed a new kind of fast-growing rice.
4. The government helped him in his research.
5. The new rice replaced vegetables in 50 thousand square kilometres.
6. The new rice is now grown in other countries, such as Pakistan.T F T T Read the text carefully and complete the following chart. was educated From an early ageagriculture As a young teacherwere published 50 thousand square kilometres was discovered rose by other cash crop was exported toProfessor Yuan Longping is a leading figure in the ___________ world. He is famous for his great achievements in __________ and is well-known __ “the Father of Hybrid Rice”. rice-growingagricultureAfter learning the text, fill in the blanks:asPost readingAs a boy he became interested in ______. He studied agriculture in college. After __________ from Southwest Agriculture College, he has devoted himself to agriculture education and research ever since. He thought that the key to _______ people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly. plantsgraduationfeedingAfter many years’ hard work, he produced a new plant by ________ different species of rice plant, _____ could give a higher _____ than either of the original plants. This breakthrough in rice breeding has made great ____________ to the world.crossingwhichyieldcontributionsLet's learn some
beautiful sentences!1. As a boy he was educated in many schools and was given the nickname, “the student who asks questions”.
= When he was a boy, Yuan Longping studied in many schools and was nicknamed “the student who asks questions”.本句为一个简单句。and连接两个并列的被动结构; the student who asks questions为the nickname的同位语; who asks questions为定语从句, 修饰先行词the student。2. He thought that the key to feeding
people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.
= He believed that having more rice and producing it more quickly was the most important thing to feed people.本句是一个复合句。that the key ... it more quickly是宾语从句; 宾语从句中两个并列的动词不定式短语to have more rice和to produce it more quickly作表语。the key to feeding people类似用法的名词还有:
answer, solution, journey, trip, tour, visit, way, entrance, flight等。(1) – How do you deal with the
disagreement between the company
and the customers?
– The key ___ the problem is to meet
the demand ____ by the customers.
A. to solving;making
B. to solving; made
C. to solve;making
D. to solve;made(2) 你知道解决这一问题的关键吗?
Do you know the key to solving the
problem?
(3) 2.50 thousand square kilometers of
rice fields were converted to growing
vegetables and other cash crops.3. He thought there was only one way to do this — by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants. = Yuan Longping thought that only by
crossing different species of rice plant
could people have more rice and
produce it more quickly, and then he
could develop a new type of plant
whose yield is greater than either of the
original plants.本句为and连接的两个并列分句。前面的分句为主从复合句, there was only one way to do this为省略引导词that的宾语从句; 破折号后的by crossing different species of rice plant解释前面的one way; and后面的分句也为主从复合句, which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants为定语从句修饰先行词a new plant。Write a short passage according to the pictures below.Homework课件41张PPT。Module 4Module 4
Great ScientistsLanguage PointsOpen your books and listen to the tape carefully.
Then close your books and listen again, paying attention to the pronunciation and reading after it.biologist biologicalbotanist botanicalzoologist zoologicalgeneticist geneticComplete the sentences with words formed from those in brackets.Mendel was a famous ________ who lived in the 19th century. (genetics)
2. The Chinese government is developing
________ research in many areas. (science)geneticistscientific3. Darwin was a famous ________ and ________ who developed the theory of evolution. (zoology, botany)
4. Einstein was a 20th century ________. (physics)
5. He made fundamental __________ which are still true today. (discover)zoologistbotanistphysicistdiscoveries1. …Yuan Longping, is a leading figure.
……袁隆平是一位重要人士。阅读下列句子，注意figure的意思及用
法。figure用作名词，意为“人物”。Martin Luther King Jr. is a
famous historical figure.figure用作名词，意为“数字”。2) Five people were reported to have
died and the figure is expected to
rise.3) How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much? figure用作名词，身材
keep one’s figure保持身材figure用作名词，雕像4) There is a bronze figure of a horse in
front of the school building.5) Marriage and family figure in our plans.figure用作动词，意为“认为，估计”。figure用作动词，意为“占有重要的地位，举足轻重”。6) I figured that Jim would have
received my letter by now.由figure构成的其它短语：
figure out 理解，明白，计算（数量或成本）
figure on 打算 ?
figure of speech 修辞手段
figure skating 花样滑冰【拓展】The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to _____ its reality.
A. make up?????????????????? B. figure out ???????
C. look through ?????????? D. put off句意：现在的情况非常复杂，所以我想我需要花一些时间来弄清楚事实。figure out弄清楚，符合题意。make up弥补，组成，化妆；look through浏览；put off推迟，延期。英译汉。她的父亲是音乐界的一位主要人物。1. It will take much time to figure out
these math problems.计算出这些数学题需要花很多时间。2. I’m dieting to keep my figure.??我正在节食以保持身材。 ?? 3. Her father is a leading figure in the
music industry.2. Yuan Longping was born and
brought up in China.
袁隆平生长在中国。1) It was his grandparents who brought up the boy after the earthquake.阅读下列句子，注意句中bring up的意思。bring up 意为“教育”。bring up意为“抚养”。2) I was brought up to be honest. 3) I never thought he would bring up that matter before so many people.?? bring up意为呕吐bring up意为提出4) He drank too much and brought up
all that he had drunk at midnight.【拓展】
与bring相关的其它短语：
bring about 引起，造成；
bring down 使降低，击落；
bring back 归还；
bring in 有收入，收获 Born into a family with three brothers, David was _____ to value the sense of sharing.
A. brought up ? ? ? ?B. turned down???
C. looked after??? ??? D. held back3. The research was supported by the
government.
研究得到了政府的赞助。 2) The whole building is supported by four big pillars (柱子). support可作及物动词，意为“ 支撑。阅读下列各句，并试着总结support在
句中的含义及用法。1) Dr. Yuan’s research was supported by
the government. support可作及物动词，意为“支持”。3) He has been supporting himself since he was 15 years old. support作动词，供养，养活4) Several major companies are
supporting the project.support作动词，资助，赞助5) He has strong support from all
religious groups. support还可作名词，支持，拥护6) Thanks to their support, I finished my high school education. support作名词，支撑support作名词，资助，赞助7) The supports under the bridge were
starting to bend.support作名词，支柱，支撑物8) She held on to his arm for support. 9) The statistics offer further support for our theory.构成固定搭配：in support of支持，拥护support作名词，证据，依据10) He finally promised to join me in
support of my plan.【拓展】
supporter n. 支持者，拥护者
support sb. in sth. 支持某人做某事
support sth. with sth. 用某物支撑某物
support for sth. 对某事的支持/资助用support翻译下列句子。Her family supported her (in her) decision. He works hard to support his big family. 2. 他努力工作以养活他庞大的家庭。1. 她的家人支持她的决定。3. 我的英语老师一直都关爱我、支持我。My English teacher always gives me care and support.I would like to say a word or two in support of his views.4. 我想说一两句话来支持他的观点。4. …rice fields were converted to
growing vegetables and other cash
crops.
……稻田现在被用来种植蔬菜和其他
经济作物。convert vt. “使转化, 使转换, 使改变信
仰等”
convert (...) to / into ... 改变（习惯、态度等）；(把……) 转变 / 转换 / 转化为……。
to / into为介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。e.g. I used not to like exercise, but my
sister has converted me to / into
(liking) it.
?????? 过去我不喜欢运动,但是我妹妹使
我喜欢上它了。
?????? Could we convert the small
bedroom to / into a study?
??????我们能把这个小卧室改成书房吗？With the fast development of economy, a lot of farmlands were __ to industrial, residential or other uses. A. replaced B. converted C. made D. returned5. The new rice replaced vegetables in 50
thousand square kilometres.
新品种水稻代替了5万平方公里的蔬
菜。2) I’ll replace the glass I have broken with a new one. 阅读下列各句，并试着总结replace在
句中的含义及用法。1) Nothing can replace a mother’s love
and care. replace及物动词，意为“取代，代替”。replace及物动词，意为“赔还”。3) The shopkeeper said he would replace
the TV set if we were not satisfied.? replace及物动词，意为“更换，调换”。4) Replace the newspapers after reading
them, please! 把……放回原处5) We have replaced human labour
with / by machines in many ways. 构成固定搭配： replace sth. with / by sth. 用……取代……。【拓展】
A) replacement n. 替代品，替代物；更换，替换
B) 同义表达：
take the place of / in place of 代替，取代 1. Scientists are trying to develop a
new fuel for cars, which may one
day ______ petrol.?
A. replace?????? B. repeat? ????
C. exchange ? ?????? D. reduce 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。2. How can iPods ______ books?
Let’s put them aside and read
something!
A. affect?? ?? B. save??? ??????
C. share?? ?????????? D. replace 课件35张PPT。Module 4Module 4
Great ScientistsListening and VocabularyLook at the picture and describe what is happening.It is a TV quiz in a studio with an audience.quiz: a competition or game in which
people try to answer questions
to test their knowledgeDiscussion. What do you think the listening text is about?What is happening in the picture?award discover equal measure radiation theoryMatch the words with themeanings.1. a prize or money given to someone
for something they have done ______
2. exactly the same ______
3. to find out how long, wide, heavy,
etc. something is _______
4. to find ________awardequalmeasurediscover5. an idea, especially in science, that
explains why or how something happens
_______
6. a form of energy which comes
from a nuclear reaction __________radiationtheoryThe second round.Great Scientists.Listen to the quiz show and answer the questions.2. What is the subject of this round?1. What round of the quiz is it?The first person to answer correctly wins a point; if he or she answers incorrectly he or she loses a point, and the other person can then try and answer.3. What are the rules of the quiz?4. How many contestants are there?Two.6. Who wins the quiz?Difficult.Rachel.5. Are the questions easy or difficult?Listen to the tape again, then complete the questions from the quiz.1. When was Einstein ______?
2. When was the special theory of
relativity ___________?
3. What award was Einstein ______?bornpublishedgiven4. What book is Stephen Hawking
___________?
5. What is a “black ______”?
6. Who __________ black _____?
7. How are black __________________?famous forholediscoveredholesholes measured Listen to the tape again, then fill in the blanks.Q.M: Boys and girls, we’re into the
second round of “Superquiz”, and
the subject of this round is “Great
Scientists”. In this round, the first
person to answer the question
__________. gets a pointIf he’s wrong, he ____ a point, and the question _________________________. At the moment, Matthew and Rachel are _____, with 36 points each. goes to the second contestant losesequalFirst question: What is Einstein
known for?
(buzzer)
M: ______________________.
Q.M: Correct. When was Einstein
born?
(buzzer)The theory of relativityM: 1880.
Q.M: Wrong. Rachel?
R: 1879?
Q.M: Correct. The special theory of
relativity ______________ in
1905. ___________________？
(buzzer)was publishedWho was it written byM: Einstein.
Q.M: Correct. Einstein was given an
important award in 1921.
______________________?
(buzzer)
What award was he givenM: Was he given the Nobel Physics
Prize?
Q.M: Yes, he was. Well done. Next
question: What book is Stephen
Hawking famous for?
(buzzer)R: “_______________________”.
Q.M: Correct. When was it published?
(buzzer)
R: 1988.
Q.M: Correct. What is a “_________”?
(buzzer)A Brief History of Timeblack holeM: It’s a star that has collapsed in
on itself.
Q.M: Correct. Who discovered black
holes?
(buzzer)
M: They _________________ Einstein.were discovered byQ.M: No, they were not discovered by
Einstein, they were discovered by
Fred Hoyle.
____________________________?
(silence) Rachel?
R: Pass.
Q.M: Matthew?How are black holes measuredM: They’re measured by the
__________ that come from them.
Q.M: Wrong, they aren’t measured by
light waves, they’re measured by
the radiation that comes from
them. _______________________
______________？
(buzzer)light waves Who was this radiation discovered byR: Stephen Hawking?
Q.M: __________ They were
discovered by Stephen Hawking.
They’re called the Hawking
radiation. Now, Stephen
Hawking _____________ another
reason. Does anyone know?
(buzzer)Well done!is famous forM: He can’t walk and he can’t talk
except with a machine.
Q. M: _____________. Do you know
the name of his disease?
(buzzer)That’s correctR: Motor neuron disease. He sits in a
_________________ and he speaks
______________________.
Q.M: Correct. And at the end of this
round Matthew has thirty-nine
points and Rachel has forty-one
points!special wheelchairthrough a voice machineThe stress in a long word may come at the begging, in the middle, or at the end:
vegetables (first syllable)
researcher (second syllable)
engineer (third syllable)Read about stress in long words.Pronunciationbiology chemistry electric electricity genetics government gravity informationListen and underline the stresses.When and where was he born?
Why was he famous?
Where did he live and work?
When did he discover / invent…?Work in pairs. Think of a famous scientist or inventor. Find the answers to these questions.SpeakingPair A: Ask yes / no questions to discover who Pair B is describing.
Example: Was he born in the twentieth
century?Work with another pair.Pair B: Answer Pair A’s questions. Don’t say the name of your famous person.1. If you have a breakthrough, it means ______.
(a) you have solved a difficult problem
(b) you have broken somethingLook at the words and phrases below and choose the best explanation.Everyday English2. A nickname is usually given to you by
______.
(a) your family or friends
(b) someone you don’t know well
3. If you say Pass is a quiz you mean
____.
(a) I’ve answered the question
(b) I can’t answer the question4. Well done! means ______!
(a) congratulations
(b) good luckFinish exercises on page 89-90.课件45张PPT。Module 4Module 4
Great ScientistsReading and WritingLook at the pictures and guess who he is.Stephen HawkingA Brief History of TimeA Brief History of TimeRead the passage about Stephen Hawking and write the number of the paragraph.1. This paragraph explains why Hawking is famous. ____________________
2. This paragraph talks about Hawking’s personal life. __________________The third in the book.The first in the book.3. This paragraph talks about
Hawking’s scientific career.
____________________The second in the book.Read the passage and give each paragraph a title.Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3 Hawking’s
scientific career.
Why Hawking is
famous.
Hawking’s
personal life.Read the passage and answer questions.1. Why is Hawking so famous?Partly because of his scientific discoveries and partly because of his physical disability.3. What’s the name of Hawking’s book?A Brief History of Time.He suffered from motor neurone disease.2. What kind of disease did Hawking
suffer from?Appreciate the beautiful sentences. Then remember them.It was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist.
2. Moving in a wheelchair and speaking through a special computer, he has become the voice of science. 3. Stephen Hawking has spent his
career at Cambridge University,
where he became Professor of
Physics in 1977.According to the notes, say something
about Stephen Hawking.One of the most famous scientists …
Because of … because of …
Be born … graduated …
In the 1960s …
Became the voice of science
Became Professor of Physics …
His book …Read the notes about Albert Einstein.born in Ulm, Germany, 1879
didn’t speak until he was three
loved mathematics
had the idea of his theory of relativity when he was 16
studied physics in Zurich, Switzerland
Got a job in an office to earn his livingpublished the special theory of relativity in 1905
became a university teacher in 1909
published the general theory of relativity in 1915 awarded Nobel Prize for physics
in 1921
left Germany when Hitler came to
power and went to work in the US
died in 1955Talk about how to write a passage about Albert Einstein using the notes. Begin like this:
Albert Einstein was probably the most brilliant scientist of the twentieth century.Albert Einstein was probably the most brilliant scientist of the twentieth century. Born in Ulm, Germany 1879, he didn’t speak until he was three, but then developed a strong interest in Mathematics as a child. Model answer:He had the idea for his Theory of Relativity at the age of 16, although he didn’t publish it until 1905, after he had studied Physics in Zurich, Switzerland. 单词拼写:
I’m afraid your name e______ me. 2. He was d________ with cancer. 3. He is one of the v_____ of this accident. 4. As a scientist, he is very b______.scapesiagnosedictimsrilliant5. Give me a ____ (简洁的) introduction of this machine.
6. The smoke rose _______ (笔直地).
7. After the ________ (爆炸), many things disappeared.
8. Do you know how to use ______ (箭)?briefstraightexplosionarrowsROCKETSCultrual cornerRead the passage quickly and find the answers to the questions.1. How were rockets invented?By accident – when people threw bamboo tubes with gunpowder inside into the fire to make explosions and saw that some of them flew into the air.2. What are they used for today? They are used to send astronauts into space and in firework displays.Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks. 2,000Song?militaryastronautsdisplays1. The rockets that the Mongols made could travel over the surface of water.
2. Wan Hu invented a flying chair by using two big kites and 47 rockets.FTTrue (T) or False (F).Appreciate the following sentences and remember them.Today rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to send astronauts into space. 2. The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.
3. The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.Wan Hu who invented the flying chairGive a description of Wan Hu’s flying chair according to the picture. Using the words below.attached … to … two kites chair rocketsWhat do you think the future rockets will be? Write down your imagination and share with your classmates.Discussion The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift is into the air.
中国人发现从竹筒里散失的气体能将竹筒发射到空中。 Language points1) The boy managed to escape from the
burning car. 注意escape的意思及用法。escape用作动词，意为 “(从不愉快或危险处境中)逃脱，escape from 从……逃脱，从……逃走。2) The police announced that two prisoners had escaped two days before.escape用作动词，（从监狱或管制中）逃跑。escape用作动词，溢出，流出。 3) Tears escaped (from) his eyes and
rolled down his cheeks.4) I’m sorry but your name escapes me for the moment.escape用作动词，避免，后跟动词时，用动词的-ing形式 。escape用作动词，被忘掉。5) He escaped being punished because he
was absent that day.6) As for me, watching television is an escape.7) The bank robbers made their escape
in a car.escape用作名词，意为“消遣”。escape用作名词，意为“逃避，逃脱”，短语make one’s escape 逃跑。8) More than once he had a narrow
escape from being eaten by sharks.escape用作名词，意为“逃避，逃脱”， 短语a narrow escape 意为“死里逃生”。【拓展】
escaped adj. 逃跑了的? escapee n. 逃亡者 We need to find a place to escape the rain.He escaped being hurt in the traffic accident.汉译英。
1. 我们需要找个地方避雨。2. 他在这起车祸中没有受伤。3. 我想不起来聚会的确切日期了。The exact date of the party escapes me.1. 狗越过围栏逃走了。 The dog ___________ the fence.
2. 他免于受罚。 He escaped __________________.
3. 我是死里逃生。 I __________________.
4. 我记不起他的名字了。 He name __________.escaped overfrom being punishedhad a narrow escapeescapes meTest yourselfPreparing a radio biography about a famous scientist.
Work in pairs. Write down your notes
from the speaking activities. Prepare a
radio programme about the life of a
famous scientist.
If possible, record your radio programme.HomeworkModule 4 Great Scientists
Ｉ．模块教学目标
技能目标Skill Goals
Talk about great scientists and their achievements
Practice using the Passive Voice
Practice “by + -ing form”
Talk about numbers
Learn to prepare a radio biography about a famous scientist
Ⅱ. 目标语言Target Language
功
能
句
式
Definitions
The study of animals→zoology
Plants people grow for food→ crop
If you have a breakthrough, it means you have solved a difficult problem.
A form of energy which comes from a nuclear reaction→ radiation
Practice talking about a famous scientist or inventor
When and where was he born?
Why was he famous?
Where did he live and work?
What did he discover / invent ...?
Talking about numbers
5,000,000 five million
47.5% forty seven point five percent
4/5 four fifths
词
汇
1. 四会词汇
biochemistry, biology, botany, genetics, zoology, staple, producer, leading, figure, educate, agriculture, breeding, species, yield, original, publish, sterile, breakthrough, support, production, convert, export, hybrid, agricultural, replace, quality, quantity, diagnose, victim, brilliant, career, brief, partly, physical, graduate, personal, rocket, explode, explosion, escape, straight, clear
2. 认读词汇
cosmology, motor neurone disease, relativity, millennium, gunpowder, arrow
3. 词组
bring up, as a result of, cash crop, best-seller, earn one’s living, come to power, be known for
语法
1. Revision of the passive voice
Rice is grown in many other Asian countries.
Researchers were brought in from all over China.
2. by + -ing form
He thought he could produce more rice by crossing different species of plant.
You can get a good job by studying hard.
重
点
句
子
1. In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading figure. P32
2. He thought there was only one way to do this-by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants. P32
3. As a result of Yuan Longping’s discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990’s. P32
4. 2/3 of the world’s population regularly eat rice. P35.
5. Moving in a wheelchair and speaking through a special computer, he has become the voice of science. P37
III. 教材分析与教材重组
1. 教材分析
本模块以Great Scientists为话题，旨在通过模块教学使学生通过了解古今中外不同领域的科学家的生平经历以及他们的卓越贡献，阅读袁隆平和Stephen Hawking的事迹，使学生树立正确的人生观、价值观。并根据学生的已有知识，指导学生发表对伟大科学家的了解和看法，通过进一步讨论使学生树立为了全人类的发展而努力的远大理想。能根据关键词写出伟大科学家的事迹，并能够准备出一位著名科学家的传记。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
1.1 INTRODUCTION以四幅著名科学家的肖像画引导学生就本模块话题展开讨论，通过学生的讨论，激发学生对本模块的中心话题产生兴趣；但第一、三幅，特别是第三幅人物肖像辨认难度较大，老师可引导学生从二、四幅开始由易到难讨论，必要时可给出人物的相关信息让学生依据获取信息去判断，推测。Vocabulary是根据英文释意在语境中掌握和运用词汇、术语。
1.2 READING AND VOCABULARY 此部分描写了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平和主要事迹， 并阐述了他从事这项工作的重要性和所取得的成就：缓解了中国在内的很多国家的饥饿问题，培育出了高产、周期短等优点的杂交水稻， 是人类农业史上非常有意义的重大突破。使学生通过阅读学习逐步领悟到：通过个人的不懈努力、在政府和同事的帮助下是完全有可能为全社会和整个人类的发展做出伟大贡献的。从而激励他们树立远大理想，从我做起，从今天做起，奋发图强。但阅读后面的相关理解题太少且深度不够，应根据学生水平适当补充。
1.3 GRAMMAR 1: Revision of the passive voice让学生依据例子判断、归纳每句被动语态的时态，从而注意时态和语态的结合。然后以连词成句和完成句子的形式反复操练，以达到熟能生巧的效果。 Exx. 1&2 on P85是相关练习。此语法比较简单，可依据学生水平和掌握程度大胆增加、删减。
1.4 GRAMMAR 2: by + -ing form 此语法比较简单，by和动名词短语一起在句中做状语，一般表方式，很常用的结构。 Exx. 3&4 on P85是相关练习。可主要留做课下作业，课上只需稍做解析、鼓励学生造例句即可。
1.5 FUNCTION: Talking about numbers 学习并练习各种数字的读法。Ex. 12 on P89是相关练习。
1.6 LISTENING AND VOCABULARY此类任务型训练题，在听说读写综合提高的同时，培养了学生的创新意识和实践能力。并注重指导学生听的技巧，学会依据题干确定重点、捕捉相关信息。
1.7 READING AND WRITING 阅读关于Stephen Hawking 的文章，排列段落的顺序并确定每段的主题；然后依据给出的的摘记写出三段介绍Albert Einstein的文章。指导学生在读和听的输入性学习之后，完成写的输出性应用练习。
1.8 PRONUNCIATION 练习单词特别是长单词的重音。让学生反复跟读、相互纠正，发音的标准化的培养是高一的重要任务之一，功夫应当用到平时，让学生尽快具备准确拼读、预习生单词的能力
1.9 SPEAKING 指导学生两人一组讨论著名的科学家或发明家，讨论的对象自选但内容已经界定：出生时间、地点；工作、生活地点；为何著名；重要发明、发现。旨在激发学生相关话题的背景知识，并训练其语言表达能力，而且能够在交流中喜欢相互学习，进一步扩大知识面。
1.10 EVERYDAY ENGLISH 对阅读和听力中出现的日常用语根据英文释意在语境中掌握。
1.11 CULTURAL CORNER 阅读一篇关于火箭发展史的文章，使学生不但了解火箭的发展历程，而且激发他们的民族自豪感和爱国主义热情。鼓励学生借助手头工具了解更多的火箭知识，以及“中国航太之父”和“火箭之王”钱学森这位伟大的科学家，学习他的爱国、敬业精神。
1.12 TASK 指导学生两人一组思考、讨论谁是你最敬佩的科学家，并准备此人的传记材料，尽可能的录制成广播节目，也可作为作业下节课请几个同学当众播报。
2. 教材重组
2.1 口语 INTRODUCTION， SPEAKING和Ex. 13 on P 89 in Workbook涉及到本模块话题和功能句，可激活学生的背景知识，激发他们的学习兴趣，可以整合在一起上一堂口语课。
2.2 精读 READING AND VOCABULARY与Reading in Workbook都是关于袁隆平的生平和卓越贡献，可整合成一节精读课。但应该恰当处理后者，仅作为背景材料课前预习时处理其相关练习。
2.3语言学习 Grammar 1、 Grammar 2和FUNCTION三部分整合在一起上一节语言学习课。
2.4 听力 LISTENING AND VOCABULARY, PRONUNCIATION和 Listening in Workbook可上一节听力课。
2.5泛读 Exx. 1、2 & 3 on P37和CULTURAL CORNER 及关于火箭的课外阅读材料，上一节泛读课。
2.6 写作 Exx.4&5 on P37以及Writing in Workbook要求学生根据所学知识和给出的摘记写出Albert Einstein和 Madame Curie 的传记。时间允许可将TASK在课上处理，也可留做课下作业。
3. 课型设计与课时分配
1st period Speaking
2nd period Reading (I)
3rd period Language study
4th period Listening
5th period Reading (II)
6th period Writing
（以上课时分配与教材重组，仅供参考，教师可因时因地因人而异，不必拘泥于此。）
IV. 分课时教案
The First Period Speaking
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
biochemistry, biology, botany, genetics, zoology, gravity
b. 重点句子
Newton was born in England in the 17th century.
He discovered the law of gravity.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
a. Enable the Ss to talk about great Scientists and their achievements:
What is his / her name?
What did he / she discover or invent?
When did he / she discover or invent it?
b. Enable the Ss to understand some scientific terms by matching them and their definitions.
c. Enable the Ss to write some facts about a famous scientist.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Learn how to talk about great Scientists and their achievements.
Teaching important point 教学重点
Teach the Ss how to describe a famous scientist.
Teaching methods教学方法
a. Pairs work and group work；
b. Discussion.
Teaching aids教具准备
A computer, a projector.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Warming up
T: Boys and girls, look at my mobile phone and the computer in our classroom. What do you think of their development in the past ten years?
Sa: They both develop very rapidly. Computers used to be so large, expensive and different to use that only government and industry experts could use them. But nowadays, it is widely used all over the world by ordinary people.
Sb: Cell-phones have been popularized in the last five years so that almost all the adults around us have one; Even some students own cell-phones. I think it’s very convenient and useful.
T: Quite right. What do you think made them develop so fast?
Ss: Science and technology.
T: Yes. But who make science and technology develop?
Ss: Scientists!
Step II Leading in
T: That’s the point. Today we’ll come to Module 4 Great Scientists. Turn to Page 31 and look at the pictures in it. Let’s talk about them in pairs. Before talking I’d like to show you a table to help you.
Who is he /she?
What’s his / her nationality
Inventions /discoveries
When did they invent/ discover?
Picture 1
Picture 2
Picture 3
Picture 4
T: Maybe you are not familiar with all these figures, so firstly choose the easier ones to talk about. Now work in pairs.21世纪教育网版权所有
Step III Talking
Sa: There is no doubt that the second one is Madam Curie who was born in Poland and later took the French nationality. She is best well-known for discovering the radioactive element———polonium named in honor of her motherland in 1898.
Sb: Yes. She was a great woman scientist and the only person to win Nobel Prizes twice.
Sa: She is respected and admired by people all over the world because she would like to share her discoveries with the whole scientific world. I read in a book that Madam Curie encouraged the usage of X-rays for medical treatment.
Sc: I can recognize the fourth figure is Elbert Einstein, as Einstein’s shaggy-haired face was very familiar to ordinary people. He was born in Germany on March 14th, 1879. And his most famous theory is relativity that was first published in 1905.
Sd: Yes. You are quite right. But I don’t know who the first scientist is. Obviously, he is a Chinese. Is he Li Siguang, Qian Xuesen or Qian Sanqiang? I’m not sure.
Sc: Neither do I. Do you know anything about the third one? T: Who’d like to talk about the first scientist? Volunteer! No one? Ok. I’ll describe him in English; At the same time you try to guess who he is according to what you hear. Are you ready?
Ss: Yes.
T: The first scientist is a great Chinese scientist who was born in Shanghai in 1911. He is regarded as “father of China’s aerospace” and “king of rockets”.
Ss: Qian Xuesen!
T: Sure! You’ve got it. Qian is one of the pioneers of China’s space science. A world-famous expert on aerospace rockets and aerodynamics. Qian played a leading role in the research, manufacture and testing of carrier rockets, and guided missiles and satellites, thus making great contributions to the development of China’s aerospace industry. Due to research and development led by Qian, China successfully exploded its first atom bomb in 1964, launched its first man-made satellite in 1970, fired its first transcontinental ballistic missile toward the Pacific in 1980, and launched its first manned spacecraft on Oct. 15, 2003.
T: Do you admire him very much?
Ss: Yes!
T: Who can tell us why you respect him?
S1: Because he has made great contributions to the development of our country and he is a patriot(爱国者). In 1955, six years later after the founding of New China, Qian Xuesen managed to return to our motherland, giving up the American comfortable life and advanced experimental conditions. It’s said that the great scientist led a very simple life. He set a good example for all Chinese. His devotion to science and his patriotic feeling make him not only a great scientist but also a great man.
T: Thank you very much. You have done a very good job!
Would you like to know something about the third scientist?
Ss: Of course!
T: Now listen to me carefully. His most famous saying is “Give me a lever(杠杆) long enough and a place to stand, and I will move the world.” Who can tell us his name?
Se: Archimedes! A great mathematician!
T: Quite right! Who can talk more about him?
S1: He was also considered to be a great physicist. And there was a famous story about how he discovered buoyancy (浮力) when the king asked him to tell if the gold crown was a pure one. Archimedes did in fact use some very practical methods to discover results from pure geometry （几何学）.
S2: The achievements of Archimedes are quite outstanding. He is considered by most historians of mathematics as one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. Archimedes was killed in 212 BC by the Romans in the Second Punic War.
S3: He perfected a method of integration that allowed him to find areas, volumes and surface areas of many bodies.
T: OK. Now, it’s time for you to talk more about them with your partners. What can we learn from them? And then you are to complete the table on the screen.
Suggested answers
Who is he /she?
What’s his / her nationality
Inventions /discoveries
When did they invent/ discover?
Picture 1
Quan Xuesen
Chinese
Chinese atom bomb
In 1964
Picture 2
Madame Curie
Poland
radioactivity
In 1898
Picture 3
Archimedes
Sicilian
buoyancy
About 240 BC
Picture 4
Albert Einstein
German/ American
relativity
In 1905
Step IV Writing facts
The Part 3 in INTRODUCTION can be used to make a conclusion of Part 1 — talking.21教育名师原创作品
T: Since we have talked about four great scientists, I’d like you to write some factors about them. You can follow the example of Part 3 on Page 31. I’ll give you five minutes and then some of you are to present your work. You can work in pairs or not. It’s up to you.
5 minutes later
T: Who would like to read what you have written about the four famous scientists?
S1: Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai in 1911. He made distinguished contributions to the foundation and development of Chinese aerospace undertaking.
T: Any other facts about Qian?
S2: Qian Xuesen graduated form Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934. One year later, he went to the USA and continued his studies in MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), after receiving master’s degree in MIT, Qian went to study in California Institute of Technology. In 1955, six years later after the founding of New China, Qian Xuesen returned to the motherland.
T: Well done! You knew so much about him. Maybe you would like to be a great scientist like him. Yes? OK. How about the next one?
S3: Madame Curie was born in Poland in 1867. She studied physics in Paris and discovered radioactivity. She is remembered for her determination and courage, her willingness to share her knowledge, her medical service during the war.
S4: Madame Curie and her husband were given the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. And in 1911 she received a second Nobel Prize for her research. She died of cancer in 1934.
T: How about the third scientist — Archimedes?
S5: Archimedes was a native of Sicily in 287 BC. He is considered by most historians in mathematics as one of the greatest mathematicians all the time.
S6: Archimedes was killed in 212 BC by a Roman soldier, running upon him with a drawn sword.
T: The last one — Albert Einstein.
S7: Albert Einstein was born in Germany, 1879. He first had the idea of his theory of relativity when he was 16.
S8: Albert Einstein was given the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921. He left Germany when Hitler came to power and went to work in the USA where he took the American nationality later.

Step V Speaking
Combine Part 13 on Page 89 with Speaking on Page 38. There are two tasks for the Ss to finish. The former part can be used as objects to talk about and the latter can be used as a guide. Get the Ss to match the scientists with their inventions or discoveries. And then ask them to talk about some of the scientists according to the questions.
T: You have done very well just now. Now, we’ll come to know more scientists. Please turn to Part 13 on Page 89. Work in pairs and match the scientists with their inventions or discoveries first and then say what you know about them according to these questions.
scientists
Inventions/ discoveries
scientists
Inventions/ discoveries
Isaac Newton
David Ho
Charles Darwin
Marie Curie
Samuel C.C. Ting
Alexander Fleming
Cai Lun
Suggested answers:
Isaac Newton→gravity Charles Darwin →theory of evolution Samuel C.C. Ting→the J-particle Cai Lun→paper David Ho→AIDS Marie Curie→X-rays Alexander Fleming →penicillin
Talk about some of the scientists above by answering the questions as follows:
★When and where was he born?
★Where did he live and work?
★Why was he famous?
★When did he discover/ invent...?
After discussion in groups
T: All right! I’d like you to give your answers and give the discussions about the Great scientists. Try to speak it out freely and frankly for the class.
S1: Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury in February, 1809. In 1837 he began the first notebook on “Transmutation of Species”. He began further notebooks on man and materialism in July, 1838.In September he first formulated theory of evolution by natural selection. In March, 1859 Charles Darwin finished the writing Origin of Species.
S2: Samuel C.C. Ting———Autobiography was born on 27 January 1936 in Michigan, America. Two months after his birth his family returned to China. On 6, September, 1956 with $100 he went to America for further study. There on the fall of 1974 he found evidence of a new, totally unpredicted, heavy particle———the J particle. Since then a whole family of new particles has been found.
S3: When David Ho was three years old his father traveled to America in search of a better life for his family. Realizing that AIDS was an infectious disease and that HIV multiplies many times right from the start, Ho and his team administered a combination of protease-inhibitor and antiviral drug “cocktails” to early-stage AIDS patients with dramatic results.
S4: Hawking has a disease that progressively weakens muscle control. He’s also a best-selling author. His book, A Brief History of Time, has been translated into 33 languages and has sold nine million copies.
The Big Bang theory has its limitations. Scientists are searching for a “theory of everything” — a quantum gravity theory that would unify the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics theory.
A Brief History of Time has been translated into 33 languages and has sold nine million copies.
Step VI Vocabulary
If time permits, ask the Ss to do Part 2 in class; or leave it as homework.
Step VII Homework
1. Ask them to preview the Reading in Part 9 in Workbook: answer the questions above the passage, and finish Parts 10 and 11.
2. Preview the text about Yuan Longping ,and then complete Parts 2，3 and 4 on Page 32.
The Second Period Reading (I)
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
staple, producer, leading, figure, educate, agriculture, breeding, species, yield, original, publish, sterile, breakthrough, support, production, convert, export, hybrid, agricultural, replace, quality, quantity, bring up, as a result of, cash crop
b. 重点句子
1. In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading figure. P32
2. He thought there was only one way to do this———by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants. P32
3. As a result of Yuan Longping’s discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990’s. P32
2. Ability goals 能力目标
a. Enable Ss to talk about “the father of hybrid rice—Yuan Longping”:
When and where was he born?
Why was he famous?
What did he discover?
How important is the discovery?
b. Understand the text and answer the following questions:21教育网
Why did Yuan Longping do the experiment in crops?
What was the breakthrough in 1970?
What are the advantages of the new hybrid rice?
Where is the rice grown besides in China?
c. Enable the Ss to understand the details about the passage, choosing the correct answer according to the text and fill in the form about the passage.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help Ss learn how to talk about Yuan Longping and his achievements.
Teaching important points 教学重点
a. Talk about “the father of hybrid rice—Yuan Longping”:
When and where was he born?
Why was he famous?
What did he discover?
How important is the discovery?
b. Discuss the question of comprehension:
Why is Yuan Longping’s discovery very important?
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
a. Understand the importance of scientists’ achievements.
b. Discuss the questions:
What would you think of the new hybrid rice if you are a rice farmer? Explain why.
Is the title of the passage suitable? If not, write a new one and give the reasons.
c. Discuss what the students can learn from Yuan Longping.
Teaching methods 教学方法
a. Skimming and scanning；
b. Asking-and-answering activity in understanding the text;
c. Discussion.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A recorder, a computer, a projector.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
T: Have you read the reading on Page 87?
Ss: Yes.
T: Very good! Now answer the questions above the passage. I will ask three pairs to do the asking-and-answering activities. One read out the question and the other answer it. Volunteer?
S1: What achievements does the World Food Prize honor?
S2: It honors human development in improving the quality, quantity or availability of food in the world.
S3: Who won the award in 2004?
S4: Yuan Longping from China and Monty Jones from Sierra.
S5: Why are their achievements outstanding?
S6: They both work in the development of new hybrid rice plants that produce higher yields. Individually, Yuan Longping’s breakthrough makes crop yields 20% higher. Today almost half of China’s rice production is from this hybrid plants and they produce enough food for about 60 million more people every year. In 1991 he created a rice hybrid that is particularly well suited to Africa’s poor land and dry weather and that produces higher yields than other local rice. It also produces stable rice of better quality.
T: OK. Turn to Page 88 , look at Part 10. I’ll read the definitions and you say the words with your books closed.
T: An important substance in food.
Ss: Protein.
T: Together.
Ss: Jointly.
T: To help or give an advantage.
Ss: benefit .
T: For sale.
Ss: Commercial.
T: Ten years.
Ss: Decade.
T: Check the answers of Part 11 on Page 88.
Show the correct answers on the screen for the students to check.
Step II Warming up
T: Do you have a general idea about Yuan Longping?
Ss: Yes, a little.
T: Have you finished reading the text on Page 32 and doing Part 2 on the same page?
Ss: Yes, of course.
T: Now you have got a general idea about the great scientist —Yuan Longping. Today we are going to comprehend the passage about him.
Step III Reading
Scanning
Get the Ss to comprehend the passage quickly and accurately and meanwhile help the Ss to form a good habit of reading. Teacher gives the Ss 4 minutes to look through the whole passage. Tell the Ss to read the text silently to get the general ideas of the passage. Encourage the Ss to express their different opinions in English. Different answers and opinions are available.
T: Look at the title of the reading passage. What do you think it is about? Please read the passage and tell if the title of the passage is suitable. If not, write a new one and give the reasons. You can talk about you new title and the reason with your partners.
4 minutes for the students to finish the task.
T: Are you finished?
Ss: Yes.
T: OK, I’ d like several of you to present your new titles and your reasons.
Sa: In my own opinion, the title should be about the student’s life of the character, while the passage is mainly about professor Yuan’s scientific research and his outstanding achievements in hybrid rice and there is only a little part about his school life. So I think it isn’t suitable and my new title is A Great Scientist in Agriculture.
T: A good job! Any other ideas?
Sb: I’m not satisfied with the title given in our textbook. My new title is The Father of Hybrid Rice. In my opinion, the title should be about a hard working student. But the passage is mainly about Professor Yuan’s achievements --- hybrid rice. There is only a nickname about his asking questions, so the title isn’t suitable.
Sc: My new topic is an Outstanding Chinese Scientist.
Sd: My new topic is a Leading Figure in the Rice-Growing World.
T: All right! I think most of you have the similar opinion, although you have different new titles. That’s OK.
Skimming
In this part, Ss will read the text again and then work together with their partners to answer some questions that teachers show on the screen about the passage. Give them a few minutes to find out the answers and talk about them with their partners. Check the answers with the whole class.
T: Please read the passage again and try to find out the answers to the questions on the screen. At the same time underline the new words and expressions you are not familiar with or you have any difficulty in understanding.
1. What kind of student was Yuan Longping when he was young?
2. Why is he the leading figure in the rice-growing world?
3. What did he discover?
4. How important is the discovery?
6 minutes for the students to find out the answers to these questions and talk about them with their partners.
T: Time is up. Have you finished the task?
Ss: Yes.
T: Who would like to answer the questions? Volunteer?【出处：21教育名师】
S1: Professor Yuan was a hard-working student with lots of questions and he was interested in plants.
S2: Because he discovered a naturally sterile male rice plant that was a breakthrough. Professor Yuan has shared his knowledge and technology with foreign scientists, providing them with crucial breeding materials for the commercial production of hybrid rice in their respective countries. Farmers in more than ten other countries besides China, including the United States, have benefited from his work.
S3: He discovered a new kind of hybrid rice by crossing different species of rice plants and this new plant not only give a higher yield but also produces rice more quickly.
S4: As a result of Yuan Longping’s discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990’s. Professor Yuan’s pioneering research has helped transform China from food deficiency to food security within three decades. He spreads his techniques for hybrid rice throughout Asia and to Africa and America and trains thousands of scientists and researchers from over 25 countries.
Explanation
T: Now let’s deal with some language points. Turn to Page 32. Let’s look at the sentences:
1. In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading figure.
In this sentence, “Yuan Longping” is used as appositive.
eg. Shanghai, an international commercial city, lies on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean.
2. He thought there was only one way to do this———by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant that could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.
This sentence is long, so we should learn how to analysis this kind of long, different and complex sentences to comprehend the passage.
3. As a result of Yuan Longping’s discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990’s.
1) as a result of = because of = thanks to = owing to = due to
2) rise vi. → rise by =increase by; “by” means “to the extent of”.
eg. The bullet missed me by two inches.
It needs to be longer by two feet.
3) “In the 1990’s” can also be written as “in the 1990s”.
Step IV Discussion
First ask the students to read the passage silently by themselves and then to discuss with their partners to make an interview. The topics will be shown on the screen. At last ask several groups to act it out.
T: Now please read the passage again and then we’ll have a discussion about the hybrid rice. Look at the screen, please.
Discussion in groups of three to make an interview:
Suppose one of you is a sixty-year-old farmer who has been growing rice; One is professor Yuan and the other one is a CCTV reporter. Please talk about the influence of the new hybrid rice.
First you can complete the following table as a guide.
Reference form about the interview
Figures
In the past
Nowadays
In the future
The farmer
poor... starvation... hard life
rich...enough food...happy life
encourage grandsons to
study...
Professor Yuan
a dream... be interested in...experiment...research
develop...spread...train...new species
future projects. Reach... over 800 kg / mu
First give several minutes for the students to prepare ,then ask three pairs to act it out.
T: I’d like one group to come to the blackboard to act your interview out. Volunteer?
(Reporter=R; Mr. Li=M; Professor Yuan=Y)
R: I’m honored to interview you, Professor Yuan. You are so famous that almost all the Chinese know you for your name can be learnt in our textbook. By the way, this is Mr. Li, who has benefit from your hybrid rice for many years.
M: How do you do? Professor Yuan, I’m so happy to know you today. I have been hoping to say “Many thanks” to you face to face for almost thirty years. Today I realize my dream at last.21cnjy.com
Y: Glad to know you, too. My dream is that I can cultivate rice as plump as peanuts, and farmers can relax in the cool shadow of big rice plants. Since then, I have devoted myself to the research and development of a better rice breed. I’m very happy to do something for our country. I’m interested in plants when I was young.
R: As we all know, with the development of science and technology, our living standard is getting better and better. Can you tell us something about the life in the past?
M: In the old days, even in the first twenty years after China was founded, the land was very poor, so there was seldom enough food to eat. What’s worse, there were bad years now and then. Peasants are poor and led a hard life.
Y: I came up with an idea for hybridizing rice in the 1960s, when a series of natural disasters and inappropriate policies had plunged China into an unprecedented famine that caused many deaths. It took me many years to cultivate a type of hybrid rice species in cooperation with others. After all it was a breakthrough.
R: What’s about your life and research today?
Y: Luckily for me, I was given the 2004 World Food Prize. I am devoting myself to my study now. And I am helping other Asian countries to produce more rice.
M: Great changes have taken in our life. The yield of our rice almost doubled. We are leading a happy life. My grandson is a senior middle school student, so I hope he can do agricultural research and make contributions to the farmers. All roads lead to Rome. Professor Yuan is compared to a farmer. He is also respected all over the world.
Y: My second target is to reach an annual yield of over 800 kilograms per mu. I has set the year of 2005 as the deadline for this goal.
R: May you achieve your goal soon. Thank you very much for the interview!
T: Thank you for your excellent work, too. Time is limited you can practise the interview after class.
Step V Homework
Retell the life and achievements of Professor Yuan using about 100 words.
Think about: what can you learn from professor Yuan?
Passage Analyzing篇章分析
课文图解 Text Chart
Read the text, and then fill in the chart.
The Father of Hybrid Rice
Who
Father of Hybrid Rice—Yuan Longping
What
His discoveries: hybrid rice of different species
How outstanding
A leading figure in this field
When
In 1970
Where
In China and other countries
课文复述 Text Retelling
The possible version below can be used as a material for both retelling and dictation.2·1·c·n·j·y
Possible version:
Professor Yuan Longping was “a student who asks questions” and he was interested in plants at the early age. Later he taught and did research in college. In 1970, he discovered a naturally sterile male rice plant that was a breakthrough. With the support of the government and the help of other researchers, he succeeded in increasing the yield of the rice not only in China but also in other countries. Professor Yuan’s distinguished life’s work has caused many to call him the “Father of Hybrid Rice,” while as a leading figure in this field, his continuing research offers even more promise for world food security and adequate nutrition for the world’s poor.
德育渗透 Moral Education
Teacher can guide the Ss to understand the text deep, making the Ss to realize that science and technology plays an important role in the development of both industry and agriculture. Arouse the Ss to study hard and establish the correct outlook on life, which has great realistic meaning. Call on every student to work hard in order that our country is richer, stronger and more prosperous. Encourage them to be more confident, have the desire to learn and form good learning habits.

写作技巧 Writing Techniques
1. 写作特点 Writing Characteristic
1) The first paragraph gives a general statement about Professor Yuan to give the readers a deep impression and arouse their curiosity and interest.
2) Use figures to describe Professor Yuan’s achievements, which is believable and exact.
3) Follow the clue of time.
2. 文章体裁 Writing Style
The text is a brief biography, which is about Professor Yuan’s life and outstanding achievements: He was once a hard-working and curious student, later worked as a teacher, devoted himself to crop breeding and made remarkable achievement, benefiting the people at home and abroad. The description of Yuan’s common school life is very simple, which can make the students feel more confident and encouraged to study harder.
3. 中心思想 Main Idea
The text is about Chinese great scientist — Yuan Longping who make great contribution to the development of rice production. He was once a hard-working and curious student, later worked as a teacher, devoted himself to crop breeding and make remarkable achievement, benefiting people at home and abroad. It set us a good example: hard work can lead to succeed.
写作意图 Writing Purpose
The text is a brief biography, which is about Professor Yuan’s life and outstanding achievements: He was once a hard-working and curious student, later worked as a teacher, devoted himself to crop breeding and make remarkable achievement, benefiting people at home and abroad. With the experience of professor Yuan, the writer intends to imply: Success results from devotion and perseverance. The Ss should also realize that science and technology plays an important role in the development of both industry and agriculture. Arouse the Ss to study hard and establish the correct outlook on life, which has great realistic meaning. Call on every student to work hard in order that our country may be richer, stronger and more prosperous. Encourage them to be more confident, have the desire to learn and form good learning habits.
The Third Period Language study
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
support, a new variety of rice, carry out experiments
b. 重点句子
a. Rice is grown in many other Asian countries.
b. Researchers were brought in from all over China.
c. In Pakistan rice will be grown in many parts of the country.
d. The new hybrid rice has been developed by the Yuan Longping High-tech Agricultural Company of China.
e. He thought he could produce more rice by crossing different species of plant.
f. You can get a good job by studying hard.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Revision of passive voice, using “by+ -ing” freely and talking about numbers.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Let Ss learn how to use passive voice and “by+ -ing”
Teaching important points教学重点
a. The usage of passive voice, using “by+ -ing”
b. Pay attention to the different tenses of passive voice.
Teaching difficult points教学难点
a. How to teach the Ss to master the usage of passive voice, using “by+ -ing”
b. Change a complex sentence into a simple sentence, using “by+ -ing”
Teaching methods教学方法
a. Teach grammar in real situations;
b. Learn grammar through practice.
Teaching aids教具准备
A projector, a blackboard.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check Ss’ homework.
First ask several students to retell the text.
T: What do you learn from Professor Yuan?
S1: Science plays an important role in the development of both industry and agriculture.
S2: We must study hard and establish the correct outlook on life: work hard in order that our country may be richer, stronger and more prosperous.
S3: We must be more confident, have the desire to learn and form good learning habits.
T: That’s great! I hope all of you can work hard to turn your dreams into reality.
Step II Grammar 1
T: This class we are going to review passive voice and learn to use “by+ -ing form”. First I’d like you to turn to Page 33 and read the sentences in the first part on this page and then answer the questions after them.
S1: Sentence a is in the present simple passive voice.
S2: Sentence b and c are in the past simple passive voice.
S3: Sentence d refers to the future.
S4: Sentence e is in the present perfect.
S5: Sentences c and e are easy to transform into active voice. That’s because they both contain “by + n.” which can be used as subjects of the active voice sentences.
T: Quite right. How many kinds of voice are there altogether? What are they?
S6: Only two — passive voice and active voice. The basic structure of the former is be + done. And the tense of the passive voice is mainly decided on the form of “be”.
T: Very good explanation. I think passive voice is quite easy for you, Yes or no?
Ss: Yes!
T: Ok. In this case, eight minutes for you to complete the following parts. You can talk with you partners if necessary; You can also make a mark wherever you have any difficulty or doubt. We’ll have a discussion later.
Leave enough time for the Ss to do the exercise, then check the answers all by themselves , talking about the important ones if necessary.
Step III Grammar 2
The Ss will learn the usage of “by+ -ing” with the help of Part 1 on Page 35. Then ask them to do Part 2. At last get them to summarize the rues of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions). Guide them to get conclusions from practice.
T: Turn to Page 35, look at Part 1 and then decide which one you will choose.
Ss：No. 3.
T: You are quite right. Here “by crossing different species of plant” is used as adverbial of manner. Now please look through Part 2 quickly, and I’ll ask you to rewrite the sentences, by changing the underlined phrases with a phrase beginning with “by + -ing”. Two minutes for you.
Ss: 1. Yuan Longping changed agriculture in China by discovering a new type of rice.
2. Researchers learn things by carrying out experiments.
3. They built a better engine by changing the design.
4. You will become a better pianist by practicing often.
5. We can be happy in the present by planning for the future.
Step IV Practising
For Part 3 on Page 85, get the Ss to match the two parts of sentences according to the context of each sentence. Ask the Ss to translate them into Chinese.
For Ex 2, ask the Ss to do it by themselves, and then check the answers by asking some Ss to read aloud their answers. Different opinions are welcome.
T: Please turn to Page 85. Let’s do some exercise of “by +ing”. First, match the two parts of sentences according to the context of each sentence. www.21-cn-jy.com
Two minutes later, almost all the students have finished.
T: OK, let’s check the answers by asking some Ss to read aloud their answers.
Suggested answers:
1. b 2. e 3.d 4.f 5.c 6.a
Step V Talking about numbers
Enable the students to read all kinds of numbers correctly.
T: Let’s come to FUNCTION in this module: talk about numbers. We use numbers now and then in our daily life, so you must know how to read them correctly. Look at Part 1 in this section on Page 35. Let’s see if you can choose the correct answers.
Suggested answers: a, b, a, a
T: Read Part 2 loudly to your partners and correct the mistakes, if there are any.
Suggested answers:
1. five thousand; 2. one point five percent；
3. two hundred and fifty thousand; 4. two thirds.
Attention: when the words like hundred, thousand, million, billion, dozen, score, etc. are used together with exact numbers, they must be in single form.
T: Please turn to Page 89. First practising reading and then I’ll ask some of you read them out to see if you can do it correctly.
Suggested answers:
nineteen eighty six; two thousand and four; two hundred and fifty thousand dollars; nineteen seventy three; twenty percent; sixty million; nineteen seventy five; nineteen ninety one; fifty percent; twenty million; two hundred and forty million
Step VI Summing up
T: Now please find out what we have talked about this period. You can give each an example; Or summarize the rules of them separately.
Ask the Ss to write down what they have got and then present it.
S1: In this part, we have reviewed the usage of passive voice that comes from the active voice. The object of the latter one is changed into the subject of the former one. This pattern can be used when the doer is unimportant or unknown.
S2: “By + -ing” can be used as adverbial of manner.
e.g. She makes a living by begging.
S3: We also talked about numbers. Different kinds of numbers should be used in different ways.
Step VII Homework
Translate the following sentences:
1. 英语在全世界被广泛使用。
2. 那家商店昨天被盗了。
3. 在此处将建更多的工厂。
4. 好多良田已经被占用。
5. 只有通过长期的努力，你才会实现自己的目标。
6. 我们可以通过每日的练习来提高口语。
The Fourth Period Listening
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
award, radiation, be known for, quiz
b. 重点句子
What round of the quiz is it?
She and her husband were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903.
She died of cancer in 1934.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable Ss to understand and get the information about the quiz.　　21*cnjy*com
Enable Ss to know Madame Curie’s brief biography—her life and achievements.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help Ss learn how to understand the key words to get the needed information.
Teaching important points 教学重点
Listen to the material about the quiz to grasp the key information to answer the given questions.
Listen to the presentation about Madam Curie to get the needed information.
Teaching difficult points教学难点
Get the useful information needed by listening.
Teaching methods教学方法
a. Listening;
b. Discussion;
c. Cooperative learning;
d. Group work.
Teaching aids教具准备
A recorder and a projector.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check the homework.
First, teacher shows the sentences on the screen and asks the Ss to translate them into English.
T: I will ask some of you translate the sentences on the screen.
Sa: English is used widely all over the world.
Sb: The store was broken into yesterday.
Sc: More factories will be built here.
Sd: Much good farmland has been built on.
Se: Only by working hard instantly, can you achieve your goal.
Sf: We can improve oral English by practising every day.
Step II Talking about the picture
T: We will come to the LISTENING in this Module today. Please turn to Page 36, look at the picture, describing what is happening?
S1: It seems that there is a quiz on the stage and the candidates are very nervous. Maybe it’s a close match.
S2: All of them are dressed very formally so I think it’s a serious contest and each of the two candidates presents a group.
T: Let’s listen to the tape to see who is right and what is happening on earth.
Step III Listening
First have the Ss listen to the tape, then ask the Ss to answer the questions. At last, get them to present the answers publicly to check them with the whole class.
T: OK, we’ll listen to the tape and answer the questions on Page 36. Before listening, two minutes for you to look through the six questions and try to guess what you will pay attention to while listening.
Play the tape once for the students to get the main idea of the material. The second time, the students are required to write down some key words of the answers, then ask some of them to present their answers. Play the tape for a third time to let them correct their answers and complete Part 3. Finally, ask the students to work in pairs, asking and answering the questions in Part 3 according to the listening material.
If time permits, the teachers can play the tape for a fourth time for them to listen with their books closed, just for the detailed content.
Step IV Word study
Part 4 can be used as a little competition to see who is good at mastering the meanings of the words. Dividing the class into two parts. Teachers can read the definition out and each group are encouraged to spell the word with the book closed. The winner will be praised.
Step V Speaking and listening
T: Turn to Page 89, and look at Part 14. Read the sentences about Madam Curie and make questions according to the sentences.
Ss: 1. Why did she go to leave in pairs?
2. What did she study in pairs?
3. When did she marry Pierre?
4. What did Pierre persuade Marie to search?
5. What did she discover?
6. When were the couple rewarded the Nobel Prize in physics?
7. What did she do when her husband died?
8. What kind of machines did she invent?
9. How did she die in 1934?
T: Now I will play the tape for you to get some information about Madame Curie. Listen to it and choose the correct answers in Part 14.
Play the tape again for the students to check answers. Then play it for the third time for the students to ask and answer the questions above about Madame Curie. Check the answers with the whole class. If time permits, teachers has the students listen to it once more, with the books closed just to pay attention to the intonation and pronunciation.
Step VI Pronunciation
T: Now please look at the screen. there are pairs of words. Pay attention to the words’ pronunciation in bold.
1. the content of the book --- be content with
2. set a new record --- record the speech
3. a permit --- permit sb. to do
4. the export trade --- export cotton goods
T: what conclusion can you get from the table above?
Ss: Stress is very important in pronouncing words. The same word with different stress may have different meanings. We must pay attention to the stress of each word, especially stresses in long words.
T: Quite right. Please practise reading the words given.
Step VII Assignment
T: Today we have listened to a passage about a quiz and a presentation about Madame Curie. You must learn to guess the possible information before listening and try to grasp the useful information while listening. Stress is very important in both reading and listening.
T: Preview the passage about Stephen Hawking and try to get the main idea of each idea.
T: Preview CULTURAL CORNER on Page 39 and answer two more questions besides the ones above the passage: When and where were rockets invented?
How were rockets used in the early stage?
The Fifth Period Reading (II)
Teaching goals 教学目标
Reading in Using the language in Workbook
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
millennium; gunpowder; explosion; explode; escape; arrow; straight; clear
b. 重点句子
Today rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to send astronauts into space.
Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2,000 years ago.
They were used for military purposes.
The rocket were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
a. Enable the Ss to discuss the invention of rocket:
When and where were rockets invented?
How were rockets invented?
How were rockets used in the early stage?
b. Enable the Ss to get the general idea of each paragraph.
c. Enable the Ss to get to know what we can learn from Stephen Hawking.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the Ss how to get to know about more great scientists and great inventions in history.
Teaching important points教学重点
Talk about more great scientists and great inventions in history.
Teaching difficult points教学难点
a. Discuss the answers to the questions.
b. Talk about Stephen Hawking’s achievements.
Teaching methods教学方法
a. Fast reading;
b. Dealing with comprehension questions;
c. Discussion;
d. Student-centered vocabulary learning.
Teaching aids教具准备
A projector, a computer and a recorder.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check the homework
T: Have you read the passage about Stephen Hawking? www-2-1-cnjy-com
Ss: Yes.
T: What’s the correct order of the paragraphs? Volunteer?
S1: 2---3---1. That’s to say, if put the paragraphs in correct order the third paragraph should be No. 1 and the first paragraph of the passage should be the second one. Of course, the second of the passage should be placed at last.
Step II Reading
T: Today we are going to read the passage about Stephen Hawking on Page 37. Now, three minutes for you to read and find out the main idea of each paragraph. Then finish Part 3 on this page.
Three minutes later, check the answers with the whole class.
T: Read the passage once more with the question: What can we get from the achievement of Stephen Hawking? Here is more information about him on the screen, which may be able to help you. After reading, you may have a discussion with your partner.
As a 21-year-old graduate student in cosmology at Cambridge University, doctors predicted an early death for Stephen Hawking. However, he’s 56 and married with three children. He gets around in a wheelchair, and after completely losing the use of his vocal chords in an operation to assist his breathing in 1985, he communicates through a computer. A speech synthesizer “speaks” for him after he punches in what he wants to say, selecting words in the computer software by pressing a switch with his hand. Unfortunately, it makes him sound like he has an American accent, he says. Once asked how he felt about being labeled the world’s smartest person, he responded: “It is very embarrassing. It is rubbish, just media hype. They just want a hero, and I fill the role model of a disabled genius. At least I am disabled, but I am no genius.”
Five minutes for the students to read the passage and the material above, then ask some of them state their opinions.
T: Time is up. Who would like to talk about what you have got from his success?
S1: He made think of a saying, “Nothing great was ever achieved with enthusiasm. We can’t afford to waste tears on “might-have-beens”. We need to live each moment wholeheartedly with all our senses. Madame Curie once said, “Life is not easy for any of us. We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves. We must believe each of us can do something well and that if we discover what this something is we must work hard until we succeed.” I think Stephen Hawking is very brave and enthusiastic, facing unfair fate. In future I should be brave and confident enough to face all kinds of difficulties.【版权所有：21教育】
T: A good job. I’m very glad to know that you have got so much. Anyone else?
S2: In my opinion, he is a man with great determination. His success proved the saying once more: where there is a will, there is a way. So we should never give in whatever happens.
T: Yes. After class you may keep your diary on the topic. Now let’s come to the other passage--- rockets. Answer the questions about the passage first.
1. When and where were rockets invented?
2. How were rockets invented?
3. How were rockets used in the early stage?
4. What are they used for today?
S3: Rockets were probably invented by accident in China about 2,000 years ago.
S4: Quite by accident. The idea of rockets came from the discovery that the gas escaping from the tube could lift into the air.
S5: The rockets were once used for military purposes. They were also used for fun in the past, though it was very dangerous.
S6: Today rockets can be used in many ways, such as to astronauts and spaceships into space, to set up fire-works and so on.
T: All of you did very well. Please read the passage again to find out the topic sentences of each paragraph. Four minutes for you to read.
Ss: The first sentence of each paragraph.
Step III Further-reading
Here is a supplementary reading material on the screen.
The earliest solid rocket fuel was a form of gunpowder, and the earliest recorded mention of gunpowder comes from China late in the third century before Christ. Bamboo tubes filled with saltpeter, sulphur and charcoal were tossed into ceremonial fires during religious festivals in hopes the noise of the explosion would frighten evil spirits.
Certainly by the year 1045 AD--21 years before William the Conqueror would land on the shores of England--the use of gunpowder and rockets formed an integral aspect of Chinese military tactics.
A point of confusion arises tracing the history of rocketry back before 1045. Chinese documents record the use of “fire arrows,” a term which can mean either rockets or an arrow carrying a flammable substance.
The rocket seems to have arrived in Europe around 1241.
Step IV Homework
Collect as much information as possible about rockets or Stephen Hawking.
Try to look for some biographies about great scientists to read.
The Sixth Period Writing
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
theory of relativity, award ,come to power, life science, mysterious, virus, combinations of drugs
b. 重点句子
Albert Einstein was probably the most brilliant scientist of the twentieth century.
David Ho is one of the most famous scientists in the world because of his research on AIDS.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
a. Enable Ss to write a biography of Albert Einstein, using the given notes.
b. Enable Ss to write a biography of Madame Curie, using the information got from the listening material.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help Ss learn how to write a biography.
Teaching important& difficult points
教学重点和教学难点
Teach Ss how to write a biography, following the examples.
Teaching methods教学方法
Following the examples;
Discussion.
Teaching aids教具准备
a projector, a computer.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check the homework, asking them to talk about rockets freely. 2-1-c-n-j-y
T: Let’s check the homework. I’d like some of you to talk about rockets or Stephen Hawking. Volunteer!
S1: China has launched its first manned spacecraft, the Shenzhou V, Oct. 15, becoming only the third country in history to put a man into space, following the former Soviet Union and the United States. Today, we’ll bring you the story of Qian Xuesen (Chien Hsuch-Sen), “father of China’s aerospace” and “king of rockets”.
S2: The manned space technology is regarded as the most difficult technology in the space area. Previously, only the United States and Russia had mastered the technology. The manned space technology is considered another milestone in China’s space history, and its launch and recovery has marked the breakthrough of China’s manned space technology. The experimental spaceship and carrier rocket were made by the Chinese ourselves.
S3: Despite his humorous, self-effacing manner, Hawking is one of the world’s leading theoretical physicists. Many consider him to be the most brilliant since Einstein. Since 1979, he’s held the post of Lucasian professor of mathematics at Cambridge University - which was once held by Isaac Newton no less - and has twelve honorary degrees. He’s also a best-selling author. His book, A Brief History of Time, has been translated into 33 languages and has sold nine million copies.
Step II Warming up
T: By the way where did you get the information about Hawking?
S: A passage online titled A Biography of Stephen Hawking.
T: Do you know how to write a biography of a famous person?
Ss: It should include his or her childhood, discoveries or inventions, education, influence and so on.
T: Quite right. How about the structure?
Ss: Generally speaking, it contains three paragraphs. The first paragraph is about the general evaluation of the person; The second paragraph usually contains his childhood, education, and earlier life; The last paragraph is often about his research, or important positioning a certain field.
T: Very good. You are so thoughtful.
Step III Writing
In this part, ask the Ss to write a biography of a famous scientist — Albert Einstein, using the given information.
First, let the Ss discuss how to make an outline.
Second, teacher shows the instructions on how to write a proposal letter on the screen.
Third, ask the Ss to read the notes on Page 37. Ask them to discuss what evaluation should be given.
Fourth, give them ten minutes to write a biography.
At last, ask some of the Ss to read their biography for the class and the teacher gives some comments.
Possible sample
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein, born in Ulm, 1879, was probably the most brilliant scientist of the twentieth century. He couldn’t speak until he was three, but he loved mathematics and had the idea of his theory of relativity when he was 16.
Albert Einstein studied physics in Zurich, Switzerland. Later he got a job in an office to earn his living. In 1905, he published the special theory of relativity. Four years later, he became an university teacher. By working hard, he published the general theory of relativity in 1915.
As a result of his outstanding achievement, he was awarded Nobel Price for physics in 1921. Unfortunately, when Hitler came to power, Albert Einstein was forced to leave his homeland for the U.S. and worked there. Later he took American nationality and died there in 1955.
Step IV
T: Please read the biography of David Ho. And decide what each paragraph describes.
Ss: A---2; B---5; C---1; D---3; E--- 4.
T: Read the biography again. Then ask and answer questions about the passage.
S1: Why David was used as his given name?
S2: His family hoped he would be one of the best.
S3: Why was he named Time Magazine’s Man of the Year in 1996?
S4: For his great discovery in fighting against AIDS.21*cnjy*com
S5: When was he appointed Director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center in New York?
S6: When he was 36 years old.
Step V Writing
Ask the Ss to recall Part 13 in the listening material to write a biography of Madame Curie, following one of David Ho.
Give them 10 minutes to write down the passage.
Ask some Ss to read their biography for the class and the teacher gives some comments.
Possible sample
A Great woman Scientist
Marie Curie is always regarded as a great woman scientist by people all over the world.
She was born in Poland in 1867. But at that time women were not admitted to universities, so she went to live in Paris to study physics, where she married Pierre, a bright scientist. Persuaded by Pierre, Marie discovered radioactivity, while research radiation. So the couple were rewarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1903. When her husband died, Marie continued her research and later, she invented a machine for medical treatment.
She was the only person who was given Nobel Prize twice. But she was not sufficiently aware of the dangers of radium and died of cancer caused by too much contact with radium.
Step VI Task
Work in pairs. Prepare a radio program about the life of a famous scientist, according to the notes taken from the speaking activities.
“Father of China’s Aerospace” and “King of Rockets”.
Qian Xuesen (1911- ), a famous scientist who has contributed much to the country’s cause of science and technology, was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. He went to the United States to study in 1935. In 1955 he returned to China, and in 1958 he joined the Communist Party. He served successively as Director of the Institute of Mechanics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vice-Minister of the No. 7 Ministry of the Machine-building Industry, Vice-Minister of the State Commission on Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence and Chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology. He was also elected alternate member of the Ninth through Twelfth CPC Central Committees. Qian is one of the pioneers of China’s space science. As a world- famous expert on aerospace rockets and aerodynamics, Qian played a leading role in the research, manufacture and testing of carrier rockets, guided missiles and satellites, thus making outstanding contributions to the development of China’s aerospace industry.
Qian has made outstanding contributions to the development of science and technology in China, space technology in particular.
Due to research and development led by Qian, China successfully exploded its first atom bomb in 1964, launched its first man-made satellite in 1970, and fired its first transcontinental ballistic missile toward the Pacific in 1980.
In recent years, China has made great strides in its science and technology, and in some areas has reached the world advanced level, the president said.
He attributed the achievements to the hard work of the older scientists such as Qian, and to the unremitting efforts of all those in the science and technology field.
Science and technology represents the most important productive force, Jiang said, adding that China’s modernization and the revitalization of the nation call for the development of science and technology and technological renovation.
Qian, who is about to celebrate his 88th birthday, agreed, and made some suggestions on the further developments of science and technology, and national defense.
Step VII Homework
Collect as much information as possible about great scientists.
附 件
1. Qian Xuesen
Qian is one of the pioneers of China’s space science. A world- famous expert on aerospace rockets and aerodynamics, Qian has obtained great attainments in the areas of applied mechanics, engineering cybernetics and system engineering and made distinguished contributions to the foundation and development of Chinese aerospace undertaking. He plays a leading role in the research, manufacture and testing of carrier rockets, guided missiles and satellites.
Due to research and development led by Qian, China successfully exploded its first atom bomb in 1964, launched its first man-made satellite in 1970, fired its first transcontinental ballistic missile toward the Pacific in 1980, and launched its first manned spacecraft on Oct. 15, 2003.
With his ancestral home in Hangzhou, Jiangsu Province, Qian was born in Shanghai in 1911.Qian graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934. One year later, he went to the U.S. and continued his studies in MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), after receiving master’s degree in MIT, Qian went to study in California Institute of Technology. In 1939, Qian received Ph.D degrees of both aerospace and mathematics and left the school to be a teacher, as well as a researcher studying the applied mechanics and rocket and missile theories.
In 1956, Qian put forward “Proposal on the Development of China’s Aviation Industry for National Defense” and assisted Zhou Enlai, then premiere, and Marshal Nie Rongzheng to prepare the establishment of China’s first missile and rocket R&D structure, the Fifth Research Institute of State Ministry of Defense. In the October of 1956, Qian assumed office of director-general with the fifth research institute. Henceforth, Qian has long been in charge of the chief technological officer with the R&D of China’s missile, rocket and spacecraft, and has contributed great to the establishment and development of China’s missile, rocket and spacecraft undertakings.
Chinese former President Jiang Zemin paid a personal visit to Qian Xuesen in 1991.
Chinese then President Mao Zedong met with Qian Xuesen in 1956.


The first prize of the natural science by Chinese Academy of Sciences (1957)
The outstanding alumnus prize by California Institute of Technology (1979)
The first prize of nation’s advanced technology awards (1985)
The title of “World’s Celebrity for Sciences and Engineering” (1989)
Nation’s outstanding scientist with outstanding achievements and nation’s first-grade medal for heroic models (1991)

2. Yuan Longping, China’s Most Famous “Farmer”, “Father of Hybrid Rice”
CHANGSHA, February 19 (Xinhuanet) -- It says every scientist cherishes a childhood dream indicating his or her future success, but for Yuan Longping, dubbed as “father of hybrid rice,” the dream is that he cultivates rice as plump as peanuts, and farmers can relax in the cool shadow of big rice plants.
Yuan, 71, won a 5 million yuan State Supreme Science and Technology Award today, known as the Nobel Prize in China, for his outstanding achievements in breeding high-yield hybrid rice, which has substantially increased China’s grain output.
Yuan came up with the idea of hybridizing rice for the first time in the world in 1960s. Since then, 50 percent of China’s total rice cultivation fields have grown such rice, which added some 300 billion kilograms to the country’s grain output.
Furrows grown on his sunburnt face, a slim figure coiled-up trousers legs would confuse foreign reporters who came to interview the most famous scientist in China, who would rather be called “a farmer.”
Indeed, like many Chinese farmers, Yuan in his 70s and has devoted most of his life growing rice in paddyfields, but unlike those farmers, he reaps the seed from experimental fields only for hybridizing rice.
The urbanite-turned-farmer graduated from Southwest AgriculturBook 4 Module 4 Great Scientists
第二部分： 阅读理解 （共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
★★☆☆☆
?“Come on! All of us are cutting math. Who wants to go take that quiz? We’re going to take a walk and get lunch instead. Let’s go!” says the coolest kid in your class. Do you do what you know is right and go to math class, take the quiz and all? Or do you give in and go with them?21·cn·jy·com
People who are your age, like your classmates, are called peers. When they try to influence you how to act, to get you to do something, it’s called peer pressure. It’s something everyone has to deal with — even adults. 【出处：21教育名师】
Peers influence your life, even if you don’t realize it, just by spending time with you. You learn from them, and they learn from you. It’s only human nature to listen to and learn from other people in your age group.
Peers can have a positive influence on each other. Maybe another student in your science class taught you an easy way to remember the planets in the solar system, or you got others excited about your new favorite book, and now everyone is reading it. Sometimes peers influence each other in negative ways. For example, a few kids in school might try to get you to cut class with them.
It’s difficult to say “no” to peer pressure, but you can do it. Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help you know the right thing to do.
It can really help to have at least one other peer, or friend, who is willing to say “no” too. If you continue to face peer pressure and you’re finding it difficult to handle, talk to someone you trust, a parent, or a teacher. They can help you feel much better and prepare you for the next time you face peer pressure.?????
21. With his words in the first paragraph, the kid is ______.
A. planning some interesting activities after school
B. making an announcement about a dinner party
C. persuading other kids to take a quiz with him
D. encouraging other kids to cut a class
22. According to the author, ______.
A. peer pressure does kids more harm than good
B. math is the most difficult subject for most kids
C. kids today are under greater pressure than before
D. peer pressure exists among people of all age groups 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
23. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Peer pressure.?????????? B. Your time.?
C. Your life.? ???????????????????? D. Human nature.
24. It’s suggested in the last paragraph that the readers ______.
A. make more close friends while at school
B. learn to refuse their friends in a polite way
C. get support from someone else if it’s necessary
D. build closer relations with their parents and teachers
?
B
★★☆☆☆
Imagine you are in a jumping contest. Animals and insects can also enter this contest. But they might just leave humans in the dust!
The first event is the long jump. The human athlete is Mike Powell. In 1991, he jumped nearly 30 feet, which is the world record for the long jump. That is about five times his own height.
His competitor in the long-jump contest is a frog named “Rosie the Ribbiter.” Rosie set the world record for frogs in 1986 by jumping more than 21 feet. Her record has never been broken by any other frog. Compared to Mike Powell, Rosie’s jump is not that amazing. But wait! Rosie is only about 10 inches long when her legs are stretched to their full length. She can jump more than 25 times her size. Rosie, the frog, wins the long-jump event.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
The next event is the high jump. Javier Sotomayor, the world record holder, can jump a bar? (横杆) 8 feet high. That is about as high as the ceiling in most homes.
Looking around for someone to challenge his record, Javier might need a magnifying glass (放大镜). The next contestant is a tiny insect called the spittlebug (吹沫虫).
The spittlebug can jump 28 inches into the air. It is only a quarter-inch long, less than the width of a pencil. If the spittlebug were the same size as Javier, it would be able to jump 600 feet into the air. That is like a human jumping over a building 55 stories high!
Though the humans lose the “jumping contest,” their competitors would probably agree that Mike and Javier are still pretty excellent athletes. If only Rosie and the spittlebug could speak!
25. The underlined word “contestant” in Paragraph 5 means “_____”.
A. coach??????????????? ????? B. teammate?????????????
C. challenger???????? ????? D. record holder
26. What can we learn about the spittlebug?
A. It likes living on the ceiling.
B. It is good at flying in the air.
C. It is the same length as a pencil.
D. It has a wonderful jumping talent.
27. In the author’s opinion, Rosie and the spittlebug’s jumping abilities are _____.
A. surprising????????? ????? B. promising?????
C. doubtful??????????? ????? D. fearful
28. How does the author develop the text?
A. By giving instructions.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By following the order of time.
D. By following the order of importance.
?
C
★★★☆☆
Louis Leakey’s love of anthropology (人类学) began when he read a book about Stone Age Europe when he was 12. One day, exploring near his village in Kenya, he found some obsidian blades (黑曜石刀片) that looked a lot like the ancient stone tools in his book. The find greatly surprised the local museum director. Back then, most people thought the earliest humans came from Asia. Louis decided right then that he would prove that Africa, not Asia, was our first home.2-1-c-n-j-y
Though his parents were English, Louis Leakey grew up in Africa. His school was the kitchen table, and he spent his free time hunting animals with the local Kikuyu children. At 13 Louis was accepted into the tribe (部落) and built himself his own house.
When he was 16, Louis was sent away to school in England. He hated it — too many rules. But he studied hard. Several years later, he returned to Africa. He knew that many fossils (化石) of ancient animals had been found at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. Louis figured it would be a good place to look for ancient humans too. He was right!
?????? In 1936 Louis married Mary Nichols. They two made a good team. Louis was very outgoing, always starting new projects. Mary was quieter. She enjoyed the careful work of separating bone from rock and piecing together thousands of tiny fossil pieces.
?????? Together, they found thousands of ancient tools and many species of early humans. They proved beyond a doubt that the first humans came from Africa.
?????? In 1978 Mary made her great find: a pair of 3.6-million-year-old hominid (原始人的) footprints walking side by side at a place called Laetoli. This showed that our ancestors (祖先) walked upright much earlier than anyone had thought — and before they developed large brains. That was a big surprise!
?????? After long lives filled with discovery, Louis died in 1972, and Mary in 1996.
29. After studying in England, Louis found he preferred _____.
A. reading books
B. living a free life
C. sticking to rules
D. separating bone from rock
30. Before the discovery by the Leakeys, it was commonly believed _____.
A. Kikuyu was the oldest tribe in Africa
B. the very first humans came from Asia
C. Kenya had more animal fossils than Tanzania
D. our ancestors walked upright 3.6 million years ago
31. What’s the best title for the text?
A. Meet the Leakeys???????????? B. Look for ancestors21cnjy.com
C. Discover footprints??? ?????? D. Live with local tribes
?
D
★★★☆☆
(CNN) — A report about poor conditions in school hostels (宿舍) has won two South African journalists the top prize at the CNN MultiChoice African Journalist Awards.
Msindisi Fengu and Yandisa Monakali shared the top honor of CNN MultiChoice African Journalist of the Year for their series of reports about the bad conditions experienced by thousands of pupils in South Africa’s Eastern Cape. The series also brought corruption (腐败) within the education department to light.
“It means all the work we put in has paid off. It always feels good to be recognized by your fellow journalists,” the pair said in a statement.
Ferial Haffajee, one of the judges, said the top prize was tightly contested. “But we felt that the award-winning report had resonance (反响) across Africa. We live in a time where everything is fast, so fast journalism is a big part of it. To find a piece of work where people took their weekends, took months to do it and told the story over some length is a real joy.”
The award carried a big cash prize, plus a chance to attend the three-week CNN Journalism Fellowship in the CNN Center in Atlanta. All finalists (参加决赛的选手) received a cash prize, with category winners receiving a laptop and printer as well.
Fengu and Monakali were among 27 finalists from 11 countries who attended the Awards ceremony at the Cape Town International Convention Center.
Parisa Khosravi, senior vice president for CNN Worldwide, said the awards showed the depth and strength of journalism in Africa.
“These men and women have proven that Africa will have its stories told to the world,” Nico Meyer, CEO of MultiChoice Africa, said. “Without journalists’ hard work, the development of the media across Africa would not be possible.”
32. Which is probably Fengu and Monakali’s award-
-winning report?
A. “Surprise in schools”.
B. “School hostels’ hope”.
C. “Schools in South Africa”.
D. “School hostels of shame”.
33. How did Fengu and Monakali feel about their honor?　　21*cnjy*com
A. Shy.??????????????????????? B. Proud.?????????????
C. Worried.????????????????? D. Curious.
34. What do we know about the top prize at the CNN MultiChoice African Journalist Awards?
A. It was presented in Atlanta.
B. It was judged by 27 finalists.
C. It took three weeks to choose the winner.
D. It included a visit to the CNN Center in Atlanta.
35. Whose words showed journalists play a great role in the development of African media?
A. Yandisa Monakali’s.? B. Parisa Khosravi’s.
C. Ferial Haffajee’s. ???? D. Nico Meyer’s.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Quick tips for better time management
Are you a good time manager? If your answer is “no”, here are some tips on how to be a better time manager:21世纪教育网版权所有
1. Create a daily plan.?Plan your day before it starts. The plan gives you a good description of how the day will go on. That way, you will be ready to deal with most of the things you meet. ?36 21教育网
2. Focus.?Are you multi-tasking so much that you’re just not getting anything done? ??37 ??Only focus on what you’re doing. You’ll be more efficient (效率高的) that way.
3. Stay away from your time wasters. What takes your time away from your work? QQ? Email checking? ?38 ?One thing you can do is make it hard to check them — remove them from your browser (浏览器) quick links.
4. ?39 ?Don’t take on more than you can deal with. For the distractions that come in when you’re doing other things, give a firm no. Or do it later.
5. Decide to be early. When you prepare to be on time, you’ll either be on time or late. ?40 ?However, if you decide to be early, you’ll most likely be on time. For appointments, try to be early. For your deadlines, meet them earlier than required.
A. Learn to say “No”.
B. Cut off when you need to.
C. Stop checking them so often.
D. Most of the time you’ll be late.
E. Great way to be aware of your time spent.
F. If so, focus on just one key task at one time.
G. Your job for the day is to stick to the plan as best as possible.
?
第三部分： 语言知识运用 （共两节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
★★☆☆☆
I was doing a big clean-up. Suddenly my son Jack asked, “Mum, can I have this ?41 ?” I took a look and said, “Sorry, you can’t. This one is ?42 .”
My son looked at me strangely and I ?43 . In 1991, I had spent five months in a poor African country, Niger. Beggars there would ?44 ?thrust (猛推) their hands into your face, shouting “Cadeau! Cadeau!”. “Cadeau” means “gift” in French.
After I’d ?45 ?my nursing job there, I headed for neighbouring Burkina Faso to work in another hospital.??When I got to the hospital, I found my daypack ?46 . The bag had all of my ?47 , including my passport, money, a camera and an airline ticket. I was in deep ?48 . In the weeks that followed, I regarded all locals with suspicion (怀疑).2·1·c·n·j·y
Then, walking through Burkina’s streets one day, I was ?49 ?by an old woman who thrust her hand into my face. “Cadeau! Cadeau!” she cried.
?????? I’d had enough. I told her ?50 , “I have no ‘cadeau’. A thief ?51 ?my bag and all my money two weeks ago and now I can’t get out of your country. I cannot ?52 ?you anything.”www.21-cn-jy.com
?The beggar woman listened carefully. “Then I will give you a? ?53 ,” she announced and a smile spread across her face. ?54 , she placed an old, dark brown coin in my hand. I looked at it ?55 . It was a tiny amount of money — ?56 ?for this woman, the coin represented a meal. In that moment, I felt very ?57 . She had given me a gift more valuable than anything that I had ever donated. ?58 ?she was poor, she managed to give me something ?59 .?That day I saw the unexpected ?60 ?of the people of Burkina Faso.
41. A. bag????? ????????????? ?????? B. camera?????? www-2-1-cnjy-com
C. coin?????????? ???????????????????? D. passport
42. A. small?????????? ????????????? B. common????
C. special ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. standard
43. A. explained?????????????????? B. begged? ?????????
C. announced?? ????????????????? D. suggested
44. A. never?????????? ????????????? B. always??????
C. seldom?????? ???????????????????? D. just
45. A. gotten?? ???????????????????? B. finished?????
C. started ??????????????????????????? D. chosen
46. A. broken? ???????????????????? B. empty
C. closed? ???? ???????????????????? D. lost
47. A. remains ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. findings????
C. valuables???????????????????????? D. goods
48. A. thought?????????????? ?????? B. sleep?????????
C. debt ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. trouble
49. A. refused?????????????? ?????? B. stopped?????
C. warned?????? ???????????????????? D. told
50. A. warmly????????????????????? B. angrily??????
C. nervously??????????????????????? D. excitedly
51. A. stole????????????????????????? B. borrowed?????????
C. changed????????????????????????? D. sent
52. A. sell ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. give??????????
C. teach????????? ???????????????????? D. promise
53. A. ticket?????????? ????????????? B. job???????????
C. cadeau ????? ???????????????????? D. daypack
54. A. Coldly?????????????????????? B. Kindly??????
C. Impatiently????????????????????? D. Luckily
55. A. with satisfaction ??????? B. with joy???? ????
C. in pain ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. in shock
56. A. and???????????? ????????????? B. but???????????
C. so ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. or
57. A. doubtful ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. worried????????????
C. shameful ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. puzzled
58. A. As long as????????????????? B. Even though?????
C. As soon as? ?????????????????? D. As if
59. A. priceless??????????????????? B. useless ?????
C. hopeless????????????????????????? D. endless
60. A. courage ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. beauty
C. cleverness ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. honesty
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ben: Hi, Uncle Bob. Sorry I haven’t been around much lately. Sandy and I have been really busy.
Bob: That’s OK, Ben. I figured that 61. ________ (mean) things were going well.
Ben: 62. ________ a matter of fact, business is booming (繁荣). And to be honest, I’m starting to get a little 63. ________ (worry) that I might become a victim of my own success.
Bob: What do you mean?
Ben: Well, the company has lots of money right now. I know that it’s important to keep your money actively 64. ________ (work) for you, but I can’t figure out what to do 65. ________ it fast enough.21·世纪*教育网
Bob: What are your ideas?
Ben: I don’t know. I know that big companies often use extra money to pay dividends (红利).21*cnjy*com
Bob: That’s true.
Ben: Sometimes they’ll even buy back some of their own stock (股份).
Bob: But you’re not a big company, and you don’t have any shareholders (股东).
Ben: Exactly. That’s why I’m at 66. ________ loss about what to do.
Bob: There are lots of ways 67. ________ smaller companies handle extra cash.
Ben: Give me some examples.
Bob: Well, one way is 68. ________ (pay) off debt.
Ben: We don’t really have any. We used our savings to start the company, and we’ve already got back our cost. Do you think we should just reinvest in the company?
Bob: That might be a good choice, but you should be careful.
Ben: Why?
Bob: We’ve talked about how successful businesses need to grow in a(n) 69. ________ (balance) and controlled way. 70. ________ I’m concerned your business is already growing pretty quickly.
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第四部分： 写作 （共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
?????? 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
?????? 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
?????? 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
?????? 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
?????? 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My aunt lives lonely with her cats. One of her cats, Ruby, always like to sit on me when I visit. One day when I visit my aunt, I knocked on the door but there was no an answer. Suddenly I heard the terrible loud noise from inside the house. I found that the door open. I went outside and up the stairs. In the bedroom I found Ruby making the terrible noise sit next to my aunt. She was lying on the floor and didn’t know anything. I managed to phone 120 and get it to hospital. She recovered, so if I hadn’t heard the cat I wouldn’t have gone into the house.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
最近你班英语老师组织同学们围绕“当科学家需要具备哪些素质”这个话题展开讨论，要求同学们写一篇英语短文谈谈自己的看法，并举例说明。
注意：词数120左右。
参考词汇：雄心ambition；毅力perseverance
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Book 4 Module 4参考答案
参考答案
21-25 DDACC???? ?????? 26-30 DABBB
31-35 ADBDD???? 36-40 GFCAD???? ?????? 41-45 CCABB
46-50 DCDBB?????? 51-55 ABCBD????? ?????? 56-60 BCBAB
61. meant? ??? ?????62. As????????????? 63. worried???
64. working??? ??? ?65. with? ??? ????????66. a????? 【版权所有：21教育】
67. that / in which??? 68. to pay??????? ? 69. balanced? ??????
70. As far as
短文改错：
71. My aunt lives lonely ...?????????? lonely → alone
72. ... Ruby, always like ...?????????? like → likes?
73. ... I visit my aunt ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? visit → visited?????
74. ... no an answer.??????? ???????????? 去掉an???
75. ... the terrible loud noise ...???? the → a
76. ... that the door open.?? ??????? open前加was或去掉that
77. I went outside ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?outside → inside????
78. ... sit next to ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? sit → sitting?
79. ... get it to ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? it → her
80. ... so if I hadn’t ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?so → but
One possible version:
To be a scientist, the most important thing we need is to have great ambition, which is the driving force that keeps us achieving our goals.
Secondly, we must have courage and perseverance because it is not an easy thing to do scientific research. As we all know, Madame Curie was famous for her perseverance while she was researching into radium. She failed many times but she never gave up. It was her perseverance that led to one of the most important discoveries in history. Besides, we need to be hard-working. We have to devote most of our time and energy to scientific research so that we can make a difference to the world.
部分解析
阅读理解：
A篇（人际关系）
?????? 本文是议论文。作者就孩子们在日常生活中受到同龄人压力的影响发表了自己的看法。
21. D。细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，这个很酷的孩子是在极力怂恿其他同学跟他一起逃课，不参加数学考试。
22. D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的It’s something everyone has to deal with — even adults可知，作者认为，peer pressure（同龄人压力）存在于各个年龄段的人 群中。
23. A。篇章结构题。根据该词前的Peers influence your life可知，it此处指代的是peer pressure。
24. C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的If you continue to face peer pressure and you’re finding it difficult to handle, talk to someone you trust, a parent, or a teacher可知，作者建议读者在必要时可以向父母或者老师寻求帮助。
B篇（自然）
??? 本文是说明文。文章对比了人类和动物的跳跃能力。
25. C。词义猜测题。根据第五段的Looking around for someone to challenge his record可知，挑战跳高纪录保持者的是一只吹沫虫。由此可知contestant在此有“挑战者”之意。21教育名师原创作品
26. D。推理判断题。从第六段对吹沫虫的描述可知，这种虫子具有跳跃天赋。
27. A。推理判断题。从文章首段的But they might just leave humans in the dust，第三段的But wait和倒数第二段的That is like a human jumping over a building 55 stories high等描述可推知，作者认为青蛙Rosie和吹沫虫的跳跃能力令人吃惊。
28. B。写作手法题。作者从跳高和跳远两方面对比了人类和动物的跳跃能力。
C篇（社会）
??? 本文是记叙文。文章介绍了人类学家路易斯·利基和他的妻子玛丽。
29. B。细节理解题。根据第三段的Louis was sent away to school in England. He hated it — too many rules ... he returned to Africa可知，从小在非洲生活的路易斯更喜欢不受约束的自由生活。
30. B。细节理解题。根据第一段的Back then ... from Asia可知，以前人们普遍认为最早的人类来自亚洲。
31. A。标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了人类学家路易斯·利基和他的妻子以及他们的终身事业。
D篇（社会）
??? 本文是说明文。文章介绍了两位南非记者获得了CNN MultiChoice African Journalist of the Year这一殊荣。
32. D。推理判断题。根据第二段可知，获奖的报道是关于南非东开普省学校宿舍条件差以及其所引出的教育部门腐败的问题，D项中的shame形象地描述了这一情况。
33. B。推理判断题。根据第三段获奖者所说的“付出得到了回报和被同行认可”可知，Fengu和Monakali为他们所获得的荣誉感到自豪。
34. D。细节理解题。根据第五段的The award carried a big cash prize, plus a chance to attend the three-week CNN Journalism Fellowship in the CNN Center in Atlanta可知。
35. D。推理判断题。最后一段Nico Meyer说如果没有记者的辛勤工作，非洲传媒事业的发展是不可能的。由此可知，他认为记者在非洲传媒事业发展中起到了非常重要的作用。
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七选五：
话题：日常活动
?????? 本文是说明文。文章提供了几条关于如何安排时间的建议。
36. G。在本小节中，作者建议制定每日计划，一旦计划制定好，就要尽可能地按计划执行。
37. F。由下文的Only focus on what you’re doing可知，作者建议集中精力，每次只做一件事。
38. C。由下文的One thing you can do is make it hard to check them可知，停止频繁查看那些浪费时间的事情。
39. A。由下文的give a firm no可知选A项。
40. D。由下文However转折后的“计划早点出发，你很有可能会准时到达”可知，空格处说的应该是与此相反的一种情况，即计划准时到达，你往往会迟到。
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完形填空：
话题：人际关系
?????? 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一枚硬币带给作者的感动。
41. C。由末段的she placed an old, dark brown coin in my hand可知，一枚“硬币（coin）”勾起了作者的回忆。
42. C。由作者所讲故事可知，儿子想要的这枚硬币很“特别（special）”。
43. A。儿子奇怪地看着“我”，于是“我”向他“解释（explained）”为什么这枚硬币特殊。
44. B。尼日尔是非洲一个贫穷的国家，故乞讨者“总是（always）”伸手要礼物。
45. B。由下文“我”到另外一个地方工作可知，“我”“完成（finished）”了在尼日尔的工作。
46. D。由下文的A thief ... my bag and all my money可知，“我”的包“丢（lost）”了。
47. C。护照、钱、相机和机票都是“贵重物品（valuables）”。
48. D。没有了钱、护照和机票，“我”“深陷困境（in deep trouble）”。下文的I can’t get out of your country是提示。
49. B。“我”被一位老年女乞丐“拦住（stopped）”。
50. B。由上文的I’d had enough（我已经受够了）可知，“我”很“生气（angrily）”。
51. A。由上文的I found my daypack ... I regarded all locals with suspicion可知，小偷“偷（stole）”了“我”的包。
52. B。由下文的I will give you可知。
53. C。由上文的Beggars ... shouting “Cadeau! Cadeau!”以及下文的She had given me a gift可知，老妇人给“我”的是cadeau。
54. B。由a smile spread across her face可知，老妇人“亲切地（Kindly）”把硬币放在“我”手里。
55. D。老妇人问“我”要礼物，原本“我”很生气，没想到老妇人听了“我”的话之后反而给“我”礼物，“我”很“震惊（in shock）”。
56. B。一枚硬币虽微不足道，“但（but）”却足以让那个老妇人吃一顿饭。
57. C。收到乞丐给的礼物，“我”感到十分“惭愧（shameful）”。
58. B。59. A。由上文的for this woman, the coin represented a meal可知，“即使（Even though）”老妇人很穷，但她给“我”的却是“无价的（priceless）”。
60. B。由上文的I regarded all locals with suspicion和老妇人给“我”的帮助之间的对比可知，“我”在老妇人身上看到了布基纳法索人民的“美丽（beauty）”。
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语法填空：
61. meant。根据主句的谓语动词figured可知，从句应用一般过去时，故填meant。
62. As。as a matter of fact事实上。
63. worried。get后用形容词作表语，故用worried。
64. working。keep sth. doing让某物一直做某事。??
65. with。do with对付，处置。?
66. a。at a loss非常困惑，不知所措。?
67. that / in which。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词way，故用that / in which。
68. to pay。空格处作表语且表示尚未发生的动作，故用动词不定式。?
69. balanced。修饰名词用形容词balanced。
70. As far as。As far as I’m concerned就我而言。
Part 1 INTRODUCTION & READING AND VOCABULARY
I. 根据本模块所学单词及所给的提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. Wang Fei is a leading f________ in the music industry.21教育网
2. Lucy was only 19 when her first novel was p________. 21·cn·jy·com
3. The majority of people in the town strongly s________ the plans to build a by-pass.
4. Can you let me have the ________ (原来的) report? I can't read this photocopy.
5. It's quality not ________ (数量) that really counts. 【版权所有：21教育】
II. 选用方框内合适的单词并用其适当形式填空（每个单词限用一次）。
produce, lead, educate, agriculture
1. It's a country which places great importance on ________.
2. She played a(n) ________ role in the country's independence movement.
3. It is reported that steel ________ rose by more than 9.2% in this factory.
4. The land is only to be used for ________ purposes, not industrial ones.
III. 用适当的介词填空。
1. When we use metals, it is important to know how they react ________ different materials.
2. Rocket parts are being illegally exported ________ other countries.
3. Do you support the right of scientists to experiment ________ animals?
4. The land will be converted ________ growing vegetables this year.
IV. 根据汉语意思补全下列句子（每空一词）。
1. 科学家们在治疗癌症方面有了重大突破。
Scientists have made ________ ________ ________ in the treatment of cancer.
2. 约翰逊的父母在他两岁的时候去世了，他是由祖父母抚养长大的。
Johnson's parents died when he was two and he ________ ________ ________ by his grandparents.www.21-cn-jy.com
3. 管理层的变动是一个引进新人才的机会。
The change of management is a chance to ________ ________ new talent.
4. 由于他的粗心，这次试验没有成功。
________ ________ ________ ________ his carelessness, the experiment wasn't successful.21·世纪*教育网
5. 你认为收音机将会被电视机完全取代吗？
Do you think that radio will ________ ________ ________ ________ TV?
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Part 2 GRAMMAR
用括号内所给单词的适当时态填空。
1. The trees ________ (plant) in rows in the field by our class tomorrow.
2. His leg ________ (hurt) when he ________ (fall) from the tree yesterday.
3. The children must ________ (take) care of while their teacher is away.
4. Up to now, thousands of old phone boxes ________ (remove) due to mobile phones.21cnjy.com
5. The hospital which ________(build) a few years ago? ________(repair) at the moment.2·1·c·n·j·y
6. The new road ________ (complete) by the end of last year.　　21*cnjy*com
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Part 3 FUNCTION, LISTENING, WRITING, PRONUNCIATION AND EVERYDAY ENGLISH, CULTURAL CORNER & TASK
I. 根据本模块所学单词及所给的提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. Depressed people often complain of p________ symptoms such as headaches.
2. The children are the helpless v________ of the fighting.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
3. My p________ opinion is that the students should be doing more work outside the classroom.
4. The fire caused by the ________ (爆炸) was burning for five hours before it was put out.
5. Go ________ (笔直地) along this road and turn left at the traffic lights.
6. Our clearest understanding of time comes from Einstein's theory of ________ (相对论).
II. 根据括号内所给的首字母提示写出与划线部分意思相同或相近的单词或短语。
1. She once made a short appearance on television.? (b________)
2. My son likes to be a policeman, so he's hoping for a job in the police force.?? (c________)21世纪教育网版权所有
3. The company's problems are not completely due to bad management.?? (p________)21教育名师原创作品
4. It was his skilful performance in My Left Foot that established his reputation.?? (b________)
5. France is famous for its fine food and wine.? (k________)【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
6. I hope it becomes bright this afternoon.? (c________)
7. He was driving so fast that his car tyre burst.? (e________)
III. 根据括号内所给的汉语提示补全下列句子（每空一词）。
1. His new book went to number one ________ ________ ________ ________ (在畅销书排行榜上).
2. Mark wants to be a teacher after he ________ ________ ________ (大学毕业).
3. Just as she began her new job, Ms Bartz ________ ________ ________ (被确诊为) lung cancer.www-2-1-cnjy-com
4. His father sent him to Hainan to see if he could ________ ________ ________ (谋生) there.
5. Since the new President ________ ________ ________ (执政) last year, the economy has developed rapidly.
6. Jack came up with the solution to the problem almost ________ ________ (偶然地).
7. It is reported that a lion ________ ________ (从……逃跑) its cage last night and hasn't been found yet.
8. It was in the Tang Dynasty that tea ________ ________ ________ (传入) Japan.
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答案
Part 1
I. 1. figure ? ? ? ? ? ? ?2. published ? ? ? 3. supports 21*cnjy*com
4. original ? ? ? ? ? ? ?5. quantity
II. 1. education ? ? ? 2. leading?
3. production? ????? 4. agricultural?
III. 1. with ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?2. to??????? 3. on???????? 4. to【出处：21教育名师】
IV. 1. a major breakthrough?
2. was brought up??? 3. bring in?
4. As a result of?
5. be completely replaced by
Part 2?
1. will be planted ? ? ? ? ? 2. was hurt; fell
3. be taken?? ??????????????? 4.??have been removed?
5. was built; is being repaired??
6. had been completed ??????
Part 3
I. 1. physical ? ? ? ? ? ? ?2. victims ? ? ? ? ?3. personal? 2-1-c-n-j-y
4. explosion??? ?????????? 5. straight?????? ? 6. relativity
II. 1. brief ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2. career ? ? ? ? ?3. partly?
4. brilliant ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5. known ? ? ? ? ? 6. clears up
7. exploded
III. 1. on the best-seller list?
2. graduates from college
3. was diagnosed with?
4. earn his living / make a living?
5. came to power?????
6. by accident?
7. escaped from
8. was introduced to
Module 4 Great Scientists
一 单词拼写
1 W e call the food that we eat regularly s _______food. 21cnjy.com
2 As __________ plant is a plant which doesn’t produce seeds. 2·1·c·n·j·y
3 The Chinese government has taken active measures to encourage peasants to give a high y _____.
4 Most smokers are perfectly a __________of the dangers of smoking. 21·世纪*教育网
5 The whole office __________(换了)a new computer system last year. 　　21*cnjy*com
6 Our country has made a great _________(突破) in exploring the Antarctic. 21*cnjy*com
7 The patient was ___________(诊断) with cancer.
8 He is __________(受害者) of the bad circumstances.
9 Hawking’s work was in the area of __________(宇宙学).
10 The escape of ________(辐射) from the nuclear power plant caused great damage to this area.
二. 汉译英
1 儿童时代,他在多所学校上学并得到了一个绰号 “爱问问题的学生”
2 研究得到了政府的支持并吸引了全国各地的研究人员.
3 由于袁隆平的发现,中国的大米产量在20世纪90年代增长了47.5%.
4 他认为通过不同物种的杂交可以生产更多的大米.
5 通常科学家们通过实验来获得结论.
6 由于坐在轮椅上走路而且通过一台特殊的计算机说话,霍金成了 “科学之音”
7 爱因斯坦可能是20世纪最杰出的科学家.
8 爱因斯坦16岁就想到了相对论.
三 句型转换 (改成被动语态)
1 I’ll plant them in rows in the field.
2 You must do this as soon as possible.
3 He hurt his leg when he fell from the tree.
4 We have brought down the price.
5 We must take good care of the children.
6 Students must make good use of their time in class. 21教育网
7 They will put up a notice on the wall.
四 用方框中的词填空
leading nickname original sterile breakthrough convert diagnose
partly quantity brief explode earn his living be known for replace.
1 She was offered the _______role in the new TV series. 21·cn·jy·com
2 The girl was ________ “ the Ice Queen “
3 This plan is not good. I think you should go back to your ______plan. www.21-cn-jy.com
4 The couple got divorced because the wife was ________. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
5 It is a great ___________in science.
6 A solar cell __________radiation from the sun into electricity. www-2-1-cnjy-com
7 The doctor _______his illness as pneumonia.
8 We are _________ responsible for his unhappiness. 2-1-c-n-j-y
9 He prefers _________ to quality where food is concerned. 【出处：21教育名师】
10 His explanation was _________ and to the point. 21世纪教育网版权所有
11 The time bomb _________ but nobody was injured. 21教育名师原创作品
12 The bird has _________ from the cage.
13 He ________ by teaching.
14 The singer _________ her pop songs about love.
15 The surprise in her face was _______ by joy.
参考答案：
一. 1 staple 2 sterile 3 yield 4 aware 5 converted 6 breakthrough 7 diagnosed 8 victim 9 cosmology.10 radiation
二. 1 As a boy, he was educated in many schools and was given a nickname “the student who asks
questions.”
2 The research was supported by the government and researchers were brought in from all over China.
3 As a result of Yuan Longping’s discoveries, Chinese rice production rose by 47.5% in the 1990s.
4 He thought more rive could be produced by crossing different species of plant.
5 Scientists draw conclusion by carrying out experiment. 【版权所有：21教育】
6 Moving in wheelchair and speaking through a special computer, Hawking has become the voice of science.
7 Albert Einstein was probably the most brilliant scientist of the 20th century.
8 Albert Einstein had the idea of the theory of relativity when he was 16.
三. 1 They will be planted in rows in the field by me.
2 This must be done as soon as possible by you.
3 His leg was hurt when he fell down from the tree. 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
4 The price has been brought down.
5 The children must be taken good care of.
6 The time in class must be made good use of.
7 A notice will be put up on the wall.
四. 1 leading 2 nickname 3 original 4 sterile 5 breakthrough 6 converts 7 diagnosed 8 partly
9 quantity 10 brief 11 exploded 12 escaped 13 earned his living 14 is known for 15 replaced
中国现代科学家钱学森
1911年12月11日生，浙江杭州人，1959年8月加入中国共产党，博士学位。
1929年至1934年在上海交通大学机械工程系学习，毕业后报考清华大学留美公费生，录取后在杭州笕桥飞机场实习。1935年至1939年在美国麻省理工学院航空工程系学习，获硕士学位。1936年至1939年在美国加州理工学院航空与数学系学习，获博士学位。1939年至1943年任美国加州理工学院航空系研究员。1943年至1945年任美国加州理工学院航空系助理教授（其间：1940年至1945年为四川成都航空研究所通信研究员）。1945年至1946年任美国加州理工学院航空系副教授。1946年至1949年任美国麻省理工学院航空系副教授、空气动力学教授。1949年至1955年任美国加州理工学院喷气推进中心主任、教授。
1955年回国。1955年至1964年任中国科学院力学研究所所长、研究员，国防部第五研究院院长。1965年至1970年任第七机械工业部副部长。1970年至1982年任国防科工委科学技术委员会副主任，中国科协副主席。还历任中国自动化学会第一、二届理事长，中国宇航学会、中国力学学会、中国系统工程学会名誉会长，中科院主席团执行主任、数学物理学部委员。1986年至1991年5月任中国科协第三届全委会主席。1991年5月在中国科协第四次全国代表大会上当选为科协名誉主席。1992年4月被聘为中科院学部主席团名誉主席。1994年6月当选为中国工程院院士。 21世纪教育网版权所有
是中共第九至十二届中央候补委员，第六、七、八届全国政协副主席。
??? 是中国航天科技事业的先驱和杰出代表，被誉为“中国航天之父”和“火箭之王”。在美学习研究期间，与他人合作完成的《远程火箭的评论与初步分析》，奠定了地地导弹和探空火箭的理论基础；与他人一起提出的高超音速流动理论，为空气动力学的发展奠定了基础。1956年初，向中共中央、国务院提出《建立我国国防航空工业的意见书》。同年，国务院、中央军委根据他的建议，成立了导弹、航空科学研究的领导机构——航空工业委员会，并被任命为委员。1956年，受命组建中国第一个火箭、导弹研究所——国防部第五研究院并担任首任院长。他主持完成了“喷气和火箭技术的建立”规划，参与了近程导弹、中近程导弹和中国第一颗人造地球卫星的研制，直接领导了用中近程导弹运载原子弹“两弹结合”试验，参与制定了中国近程导弹运载原子弹“两弹结合”试验，参与制定了中国第一个星际航空的发展规划，发展建立了工程控制论和系统学等。在空气动力学、航空工程、喷气推进、工程控制论、物理力学等技术科学领域作出了开创性贡献。是中国近代力学和系统工程理论与应用研究的奠基人和倡导人。
1957年获中国科学院自然科学一等奖。1979年获美国加州理工学院杰出校友奖。1985年获国家科技进步特等奖。1989年获“小罗克韦尔奖章”、“世界级科技与工程名人”奖和国际理工研究所名誉成员称号。1991年10月获国务院、中央军委授予的“国家杰出贡献科学家”荣誉称号和一级英雄模范奖章。1995年1月获“1994年度何梁何利基金优秀奖”。1999年，中共中央、国务院、中央军委决定，授予他“两弹一星功勋奖章”。 21教育网
著有《工程控制论》、《论系统工程》、《星际航行概论》等。
传奇人物----霍金
斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金，1942年1月8日出生，曾先后毕业于牛津大学和剑桥大学三一学院，并获剑桥大学哲学博士学位。在大学学习后期，开始患“肌肉萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症”（运动神经元疾病），半身不遂。他克服身患残疾的种种困难，于1965年进入剑桥大学冈维尔和凯厄斯学院任研究员。这个时期，他在研究宇宙起源问题上，创立了宇宙之始是“无限密度的一点”的著名理论。1969年起任冈维尔和凯厄斯学院科学杰出成就研究员。1972-1975年先后在剑桥大学天文研究所、应用数学和理论物理学部进行研究工作，1975-1977年任重力物理学高级讲师，1977-1979年任教授，1979年起任卢卡斯讲座数学教授。其间，1974年当选为皇家学会最年轻的会员。1974-1975年为美国加利福尼亚理工学院费尔柴尔德讲座功勋学者。1978年获世界理论物理研究的最高奖爱因斯坦奖。霍金的成名始于对黑洞的研究成果。在爱因斯坦之后融合了20世纪另一个伟大理论──量子理论，他认为，宇宙是有限的，但无法找到边际，这如同地球表面有限但无法找到边际一样；时间也是有开始的，大约始于150亿到200亿年前。1988年获沃尔夫物理学奖。 1985年霍金丧失语言能力，表达思想唯一的工具是一台电脑声音合成器。他用仅能活动的几个手指操纵一个特制的鼠标器在电脑屏幕上选择字母、单词来造句，然后通过电脑播放声音，通常制造一个句子要5、6分钟，为了合成一个小时的录音演讲要准备10天。1988年写成科普著作《时间简史》，至1995年10月该书发行量已超过2500万册，译成几十种语言，中译本也已出版。 著有《空间－时间的大比例结构》（1973年与人合著）、《广义相对论：爱因斯坦百年评论》（1979年与人合编）、《超空间和超重力》（1981年与人合编）、《宇宙之始》（1983年与人合编）、《时间简史》（1988年）。 1990年与结婚25年之久的妻子简·怀尔德离婚。1995年9月16日，与他的护士伊莱恩·梅森结婚。 21世纪教育网版权所有
居里夫人
居里夫人：“唯一不为盛名所颠倒的人！”
　　无论在世界科学史上还是诺贝尔奖历史上，玛丽·居里都是一个不朽的名字。这位伟大的女科学家发现了钋和镭两种新元素，成为放射性化学和物理的奠基人；她在8年内连摘诺贝尔物理、化学桂冠，是世界上第一个两获诺贝尔奖的人；其家庭也是迄今为止获诺贝尔奖最多的首个家庭，玛丽之后，她的女儿和女婿又获得一项诺贝尔奖。 21世纪教育网版权所有
　　玛丽·居里经历过苦难的岁月。她出生时，祖国波兰在政治版图上已不复存在；当她以金质奖章从中学毕业时，华沙的大学却不招收女生；在巴黎求学时，她更是常常因生活艰难而饿晕过去。苦难的生活磨砺了玛丽的心志，促使她以更执著的精神投身科学研究。她与比埃尔·居里结婚时，新房里只有两把椅子，当丈夫建议再买几把椅子时，玛丽说：“有椅子是好的，可是客人坐下来就不走啦。为了多点时间搞科学，还是一把不添吧。” 21教育网
　　1903年12月，居里夫妇获得诺贝尔物理学奖。消息震惊了世界，外国科研机构的邀请电、各地发来的贺信像雪片般飞来，摄影师赶来拍照，记者前来采访，拜访者络绎不绝，还有应接不暇的招待会、宴会……居里夫妇被周围的喧闹弄得头晕目眩，他们清楚地感到：生活完全被敬意和荣誉毁坏了。为了回避好奇的人们，他们深居简出，家门只对几个朋友开放，两人仍旧在破旧的木板房里做实验。一向清贫的居里夫人对巨额奖金并不稀罕，大量奖金被她赠送给大学生、贫困的朋友、实验室助手、教过她的老师、资助过她的亲属。至于荣誉，玛丽更是平淡对待。一次，一位记者前来采访想报道她的事迹，她坚定地回答：“在科学上重要的是研究出来的‘东西’，而不是研究者的‘个人’。”至于获得的众多奖牌，她更不在意。一次，她的小女儿正在玩英国皇家学会刚刚奖给她的一枚金质奖章，一位访客看了惊讶地叫起来：“这么贵重的奖章，您怎么随便给孩子玩呢？”居里夫人笑了笑说：“我故意给他们玩的。我想让孩子从小就知道，荣誉就像玩具，只能玩玩而已。” 21cnjy.com
　　一生朴素的居里夫人常说：“贫困固然不大好受，但富裕却也没有必要，甚至很讨厌。”有人因此说，居里夫人一直到死“总像一个匆忙的贫穷妇人”。然而，世界却从她那里获益良多。丈夫逝世后，居里夫人把他们共同研究的成果、价值100万法郎的镭无偿捐给一个研究治癌的实验室，并向世界公开提镭方法。他们本可以一夜间成为百万富翁，但他们商定，不要发明带来的一切物质利益，他们辛勤劳动是为了让人类获得幸福。对这位科学伟人，爱因斯坦评价说：“在我认识的所有名人里，居里夫人是唯一不为盛名所颠倒的人”，“是一尊不被荣誉腐蚀的塑像，矗立在时间的广场上，昭示着公心”。
杂交水稻
杂交水稻研究的需要，袁隆平1971年2月调到湖南省农业科学院专门从事杂交水稻研究工作。为加强和协调杂交水稻的科学研究，1984年6月成立了全国性的杂交水稻专门研究机构－－湖南杂交水稻研究中心，后又成立国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心，均由袁隆平任中心主任至今。1995年他当选为中国工程院院士。 21·cn·jy·com
1960年袁隆平从一些学报上获悉杂交高粱、杂交玉米、无籽西瓜等，都已广泛应用于国内外生产中。这使袁隆平认识到：遗传学家孟德尔、摩尔根及其追随者们提出的基因分离、自由组合和连锁互换等规律对作物育种有着非常重要的意义。于是，袁隆平跳出了无性杂交学说圈，开始进行水稻的有性杂交试验。
1960年7月，他在早稻常规品种试验田里，发现了一株与众不同的水稻植株。第二年春天，他把这株变异株的种子播到试验田里，结果证明了上年发现的那个“鹤立鸡群”的稻株，是地地道道的“天然杂交稻”。他想：既然自然界客观存在着“天然杂交稻”，只要我们能探索其中的规律与奥秘，就一定可以按照我们的要求，培育出人工杂交稻来，从而利用其杂交优势，提高水稻的产量。这样，袁隆平从实践及推理中突破了水稻为自花传粉植物而无杂种优势的传统观念的束缚。于是，袁隆平立即把精力转到培育人工杂交水稻这一崭新课题上来。
在1964年到1965年两年的水稻开花季节里，他和助手们每天头顶烈日，脚踩烂泥，低头弯腰，终于在稻田里找到了6株天然雄性不育的植株。经过两个春秋的观察试验，对水稻雄性不育材料有了较丰富的认识，他根据所积累的科学数据，撰写成了论文《水稻的雄性不孕性》，发表在《科学通报》上。这是国内第一次论述水稻雄性不育性的论文，不仅详尽叙述水稻雄性不育株的特点，并就当时发现的材料区分为无花粉、花粉败育和部分雄性不育三种类型。从1964年发现“天然雄性不育株”算起，袁隆平和助手们整整花了6年时间，先后用1000多个品种，做了3000多个杂交组合，仍然没有培育出不育株率和不育度都达到100％的不育系来。袁隆平总结了6年来的经验教训，并根据自己观察到的不育现象，认识到必须跳出栽培稻的小圈子，重新选用亲本材料，提出利用“远缘的野生稻与栽培稻杂交”的新设想。在这一思想指导下，袁隆平带领助手李必湖于1970年11月23日在海南岛的普通野生稻群落中，发现一株雄花败育株，并用广场矮、京引66等品种测交，发现其对野败不育株有保持能力，这就为培育水稻不育系和随后的“三系”配套打开了突破口，给杂交稻研究带来了新的转机。
是将“野败”这一珍贵材料封闭起来，自己关起门来研究，还是发动更多的科技人员协作攻关呢？在这个重大的原则问题上，袁隆平毫不含糊、毫无保留地及时向全国育种专家和技术人员通报了他们的最新发现，并慷慨地把历尽艰辛才发现的“野败”奉献出来，分送给有关单位进行研究，协作攻克“三系”配套关。
1972年，农业部把杂交稻列为全国重点科研项目，组成了全国范围的攻关协作网。1973年，广大科技人员在突破“不育系”和“保持系”的基础上，选用1000多个品种进行测交筛选，找到了1000多个具有恢复能力的品种。张先程、袁隆平等率先找到了一批以IR24为代表的优势强、花粉量大、恢复度在90％以上的“恢复系”。 21世纪教育网版权所有
1973年10月，袁隆平发表了题为《利用野败选育三系的进展》的论文，正式宣告我国籼型杂交水稻“三系”配套成功。这是我国水稻育种的一个重大突破。紧接着，他和同事们又相继攻克了杂种“优势关”和“制种关”，为水稻杂种优势利用铺平了道路。 21教育网
九十年代后期，美国学者布朗抛出“中国威胁论”，撰文说到下世纪30年代，中国人口将达到16亿，到时谁来养活中国，谁来拯救由此引发的全球性粮食短缺和动荡危机？这时，袁隆平向世界宣布：“中国完全能解决自己的吃饭问题，中国还能帮助世界人民解决吃饭问题”。其实，袁隆平早有此虑。早在1986年，就在其论文《杂交水稻的育种战略》中提出将杂交稻的育种从选育方法上分为三系法、两系法和一系法三个发展阶段，即育种程序朝着由繁至简且效率越来越高的方向发展；从杂种优势水平的利用上分为品种间、亚种间和远缘杂种优势的利用三个发展阶段，即优势利用朝着越来越强的方向发展。根据这一设想，杂交水稻每进入一个新阶段都是一次新突破，都将把水稻产量推向一个更高的水平。1995年8月，袁隆平郑重宣布：我国历经9年的两系法杂交水稻研究已取得突破性进展，可以在生产上大面积推广。正如袁隆平在育种战略上所设想的，两系法杂交水稻确实表现出更好的增产效果，普遍比同期的三系杂交稻每公顷增产750－1500公斤，且米质有了较大的提高。至今，在生产示范中，全国已累计种植两系杂交水稻1800余万亩。目前，国家“863”计划已将培矮系列组合作为两系法杂交水稻先锋组合，加大力度在全国推广。 21cnjy.com
1998年8月，袁隆平又向新的制高点发起冲击。他向朱总理提出选育超级杂交水稻的研究课题。朱总理闻讯后非常高兴，当即划拨1000万元予以支持。袁隆平为此深受鼓舞。在海南三亚农场基地，袁隆平率领着一支由全国十多个省、区成员单位参加的协作攻关大军，日夜奋战，攻克了两系法杂交水稻难关。经过近一年的艰苦努力，超级杂交稻在小面积试种获得成功，亩产达到800公斤，并在西南农业大学等地引种成功。目前，超级杂交稻正走向大面积试种推广中。
火药与火箭
火药是中国古代闻名世界的四大发明之一。在古代，由于医学和炼丹的盛行，人们对碳、硫、硝三种物质性能的认识日益加深。在炼丹过程中，人们发现硫容易着火飞升，性质活泼，很难控制。为了使它药性缓和更易控制，炼丹家们采用了一种叫做“伏火法”的方法，也就是经过和其他某种易燃物质混合加热，或发生某种程度的燃烧，使之变性的方法。火药的发明就是从这种硫磺伏火的实验和制取火药的关键 ── 硝的引用中得到的。21教育网
据唐朝的一本名叫《真元妙道要略》的炼丹书记载道：“有以硫磺、雄磺含硝石并密烧之，焰起，烧手面及烬屋舍者。”这说明，火药在唐代中期就已经被人们所掌握。21世纪教育网版权所有
当人们掌握了火药的制造并认识到它的性能以后，很快就将其应用在战争、武器的制造上。宋代曾公亮等人在1040年编著的《武经总要》中，不仅记述了三种火药的配方，而且记述了各种火药武器的制造和使用。诸如，引火球、铁嘴火鹞、竹火鹞等等。当时这些武器还只是把火药装成易于发射的形状，点燃引线后，由原来的抛石机发射出去。到了北宋末年，人们还创造了“霹雷炮”、“震天雷”等杀伤力更大的火药武器。21cnjy.com
十三世纪初，火药从中国传到阿拉伯，后又经阿拉伯人，和火药武器一起传入欧洲。火药和火药武器传入欧洲后，对欧洲的社会和科学技术产生了巨大的影响。21·cn·jy·com
火箭是中国最先发明的，已为世界所公认。自三国起，史书就有关于“火箭”的记载。当时的火箭还只是一种在箭头上附着有象油脂、松香、硫磺之类易燃物质，点燃后用弓或弩射出去的“带火的箭”。真正由火药喷射推进的喷气火箭，可能是南宋时期发明的。据当时的史书记载，人们在节日夜晚常放诸如“地老鼠”、“起龙”等靠火药喷射推进的烟火玩物。从原理上讲，有了这些玩具，就很容易发明真正的喷气火箭。www.21-cn-jy.com
据《火龙经》记载，古人事先做好一个“低桶起火”的火药喷气装置，再绑到箭杆上。由于这种火箭较好的解决了定向问题，又具有较大的运载能力，因而在军事上得到了广泛的应用。到了明代，这样的火箭就多了起来。明代茅元仪所著的《武备志》中，就有不少这样的火箭图。如飞刀箭、飞枪箭、燕尾箭，以及可以同时发射一百支箭的“百矢弧箭”和“百虎齐奔箭”等等。在《武备志》中还有一种被称做“火龙出水”的火箭，这是一种用于水战中的二级火箭。它先用四支大火箭筒燃烧喷射，由此产生的反作用力把龙形筒射出去，当这四支火箭里的火药燃料烧完后，再引燃龙腹中的神机火箭，把它们射向敌方。据记载，这种“火龙出水”火箭能射到 二、三里远的敌方船只。由此可见，当时的火箭技术已经达到了相当先进的水平。2·1·c·n·j·y
在元、明时期，中国古人进一步发明了“飞空击贼震天雷炮”。这是一种雏形飞弹，在《武备志》中有关于它的详细记载。“飞空击贼震天雷炮”是一根装有火药的圆筒，利用火药做推进器（“送药”）。战斗时，点燃送药，飞弹便直飞向敌营，当发药燃烧完后，圆筒中的火药便在敌营中燃烧、爆炸。
火药和火箭作为中国古人的发明，在当时是世界上最先进。据说，火药后来是由马可·波罗传到欧洲。但直到十三世纪末，欧洲的史书中才出现“火箭”的字样，十四世纪欧洲才把火箭应用于战争。
爱因斯坦
爱因斯坦出生在一个犹太工程师的家庭里。
爱因斯坦认为，一个人的成功取决于三个因素：一是艰苦的努力，二是正确的方法，三是少说废话。
爱因斯坦有极高尚的人格，他认为：“当一个人在讲科学问题时，‘我’这个渺小的字眼在他的解释中应当没有地位。”21世纪教育网版权所有
爱因斯坦是勤于独立思考的人，他说：发展独立思考和独立判断的一般能力，应当始终放在首位，而不应该把获得专业知识放在首位。”“想象力比知识更重要。因为知识是有限的，而想象力概括着世界的一切，推动着进步，并且是知识的源泉。”21cnjy.com
爱因斯坦在治学问题上也很有特点，他说：“提出一个问题往往比解决一个问题更重要。因为解决问题也许仅是一个数学上或实验上的技能而已，而提出新的问题，新的可能性，从新的角度去看旧的问题，却需要有创造性的想象力，而且标志着科学的真正进步。21教育网
爱因斯坦在从事研究、做学问的时候，十分严谨，他认为：“适用于科学幼年时代以归纳为主的方法，正让位于探索性的演绎法。科学家必须在庞杂的经验事实中间抓住某些可用精密公式来表示的普遍特征，由此探求自然界的普遍原理。……公式一旦胜利完成以后，推理就一个接着一个，它们往往显示出一些预料不到的关系，远远超出这些原理所依据的实在范围。但是，只要这些用来作为演绎出发点的原理尚未得出，个别经验事实对理论家是毫无用处的；实际上，单靠一些从经验中抽象出来的孤立的普遍定律，他甚至什么也做不出来。”“概念和判断只有当它们可以无歧义地同我们观测到的事实相比较时，才是有意义的。”21·cn·jy·com
爱因斯坦曾用极简明有趣的例子解释他所发现的“相对论”。他说：一个美丽的姑娘伴你对坐一小时，你好像觉得只有一分种似的短暂；要是你在火炉上坐一分钟呢？你又觉得像有一小时那样长了！www.21-cn-jy.com
爱因斯坦的妻子爱尔莎并不懂他的“相对论”，不过，她懂得该如何“管理” 自己的丈夫。比如，当她邀请朋友在家聚餐时，她会要求丈夫参加他们的盛会。可是，爱因斯坦往往会粗暴地拒绝；“不，不，我不能去！我不能忍受这种骚扰，使我不能安心工作。”2·1·c·n·j·y
爱因斯坦太太很有耐心，待他消怒之后，再说上几句好话，便使他高高兴兴地跟她一起去参加聚会了。他呢，也可以借此机会休息片刻。
爱尔莎常常说：“我丈夫在思想上是不愿遵守秩序的；在生活上他愿意‘随便’些，不愿意受任何束缚，想做什么就做什么，喜欢哪时做就哪时做。他替自己已立下两条规则，一条是：‘无论做什么都不要规则！’另一条是：‘不为任何人的意见所支配！’”【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
爱因斯坦断言：“一个人对社会的价值首先取决于他的感情、思想和行动对增进人类利益有多大作用。”
被动语态小结
语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，有时候句中有由by引导的短语说明动作的执行者。
一、被动语态的结构：
由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成， 有时也可用“get +及物动词的过去分词”结构。
二、各种时态的被动语态构成：
一般现在时的被动语态：am / is / are +及物动词的过去分词
一般过去时的被动语态：was / were +及物动词的过去分词
现在进行时的被动语态：am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词
过去进行时的被动语态：was / were + being +及物动词的过去分词
一般将来时的被动语态：will / be going to + be +及物动词的过去分词
现在完成时的被动语态：have / has + been +及物动词的过去分词
过去完成时的被动语态：had + been +及物动词的过去分词
注意：被动语态可含有情态动词，结构是“情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词”。
三、被动语态结构中应注意的几个问题：
1.“一感觉（feel）”、“两听（hear, listen to）”、“三使（make, let, have）”、“四看（see, watch, look, notice）”等动词在主动结构中要跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中to不可以省去。如：21教育网
Betty is often seen to help the old man with his housework.21·cn·jy·com
2. 后跟双宾语的动词在被动语态中，如果把主动句的直接宾语变为被动句的主语，则间接宾语前常加介词to或for。常接to的动词有give, tell, lend, show, pass, hand等；常接for的动词有buy, get等。如：【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A special present was given to me on my birthday.
A special present was bought for me on my birthday.21cnjy.com
3. 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词，也不能将其拆开。如：21·世纪*教育网
My grandpa is taken good care of in the hospital.
【拓展】
1. 不用被动语态的情况：
①不及物动词或由不及物动词构成的短语没有被动语态，如rise, fail, happen, last, break out, come true, take place, belong to等。如：2-1-c-n-j-y
Oil prices have risen sharply in recent weeks.
②系动词无被动语态，如appear, be, become, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。如：2·1·c·n·j·y
The fried chicken stayed fresh and crisp (松脆的).
2. 主动形式表示被动意义的情况：
①某些不及物动词（其主语大都指物），如smell, taste, sound, prove, lock, shut, open, read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook等，常用主动语态表达被动意义。如：www-2-1-cnjy-com
The door won't shut.
The poem reads smoothly.
②在need, require, worth后用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。如：
The bath needed repairing.
= The bath needed to be repaired.
③be to blame用主动形式表达被动意义。如：
I think it is you who are to blame for this accident. 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
【即学即练】用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. The computer needs ________ (repair) at once.
2. More and more green fruit and vegetables ________ (sell) in the market now.
3. I won't play football until my homework ________ (finish).www.21-cn-jy.com
4. What ________ (give) to the village school as a present last month?
5. I believe that those mountains ________ (cover) with trees in a few years.
6. The boy often makes his sister ________ (cry), but yesterday he was made ________ (cry) by his sister.【出处：21教育名师】
7. The milk ________ (taste) strange. Do you think it's OK to drink?
8. It was said at least 180 men ________ (kill) during the night.　　21*cnjy*com
答案
【即学即练】
1. repairing / to be repaired?
2. are being sold? ??????? 3. is finished?
4. was given ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?5. will be covered? 【版权所有：21教育】
6. cry; to cry ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 7. tastes????? 8. had been killed21世纪教育网版权所有
SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS，Book 4 Module 4
请和你的同学一起认真分析下列句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1.【原句】He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly. (P32)21教育网
【译文】他认为，解决人民吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的稻米，并且能更快地生产出来。
【分析】这是一个主从复合句。that引导的是________从句，从句的基本结构为：主语（the key to feeding people）+系动词（was）+并列表语（to have more rice和 to produce it more quickly）。the key to ... 意为“……的关键”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。21cnjy.com
【仿写】许多人认为解决这个问题的关键是让更多的孩子接受早期教育。
__________________________________________________2·1·c·n·j·y
2. 【原句】 He thought there was only one way to do this — by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants. (P32)【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
【译文】他认为唯一的办法是使不同品种的水稻杂交，这样就能产生比原先任何一种水稻产量都要高的新品种。
【分析】这是一个由and连接的并列复合句。and前的句子的结构为：主句（He thought）+________从句（there was only one way to do this — by crossing different species of rice plant）。by crossing different species of rice plant是对one way to do this的解释说明。and后的分句中，which引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词________。www.21-cn-jy.com
【仿写】我认为只有一种办法可以提高我的英语，那就是多阅读。
__________________________________________________21·cn·jy·com
答案
1. 【分析】宾语
【仿写】Many people think that the key to solving this problem is to make more children receive early education.21世纪教育网版权所有
2. 【分析】宾语；plant
【仿写】I thought there was only one way to improve my English — by reading more.
如何描写科学家
【写作任务】
　　请根据表格中的内容写一篇英语短文，简要描述科学家斯蒂芬·霍金。
姓名
Stephen Hawking
出生日期
1942年1月
出生地
英国牛津
主要经历
*年轻时没有按照父亲的要求学医，致力于数学和物理理论（theoretical physics）的学习；
*21岁患运动神经细胞萎缩症（ALS），医生宣告他只能活两年；
*他后来丧失了语言能力，只有左手的两个手指可以活动，一直需要坐轮椅。
成就
被称为在世的最伟大的科学家；1988年出版的A Brief History of Time使他闻名于世。
注意：1. 词数120左右；2. 文章开头已给出，但不计入总词数。
　　Born in January 1942 in Oxford, England, Stephen Hawking is generally accepted as the greatest scientist of our time. ____________________________________________________________________________________21世纪教育网版权所有
【写作指导】
1. 审题定调：
该短文属于写人的记叙文。描写科学家，就是要对他们的生平、主要事迹和贡献进行介绍，使读者对他们有一个更为清晰和全面的了解。根据所给材料对人物进行描写，应注意组织写作的先后顺序，把握文章的基本框架，避免遗漏要点。
2. 确定主体内容：
全文可分为两部分：
第一部分：对霍金的出生时间、地点、主要经历、贡献、成就等进行描述。
第二部分：给予评价。
3. 确定人称、时态：
人称用第三人称单数；时态常用一般过去时，给予评价时用一般现在时。
4. 核定表达：
Born in ..., ... is a world-famous scientist.
be accepted as / be regarded as / be considered ...21教育网
devote oneself to ...
make every effort to ...
It is a great wonder that ...
【范文展示】
Born in January 1942 in Oxford, England, Stephen Hawking is generally accepted as the greatest scientist of our time. When young, he didn't study medicine as his father advised him to. Instead, 1. _______________________ (他致力于数学和理论物理的学习). At the age of 21, he suffered from a kind of disease known as ALS, and 2. _______________________ (他的医生认为他只能活两年). It is a great wonder that Hawking has survived. 3. _______________________ (后来他不能说话了) and now he is only able to move two fingers of his left hand. 4. _______________________ (那就是为什么他一直坐在轮椅上的原因). In 1988, he made his name known to the world with his book A Brief History of Time.
Such is Stephen Hawking, a disabled man with great achievements.
?
答案
【范文展示】
1. he devoted himself to the study of math and theoretical physics
2. his doctor believed he would have only two years to live21cnjy.com
3. Later he wasn't able to speak
4. That's why he has to sit in a wheelchair all the time21·cn·jy·com
考点点拨，replace，be known for
1. replace
【考点】作动词，意为“代替”。短语replace ... with / by ... 意为“用……替换……”。
【考例】
① ... so most of the “new” stuff (东西) we got was really just to replace what we'd lost.? (2013福建卷阅读理解A篇) 21教育网
② Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).???? (2013江苏卷阅读理解B篇)21cnjy.com
③A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. (2013新课标全国卷I阅读理解B篇)21·cn·jy·com
2. be known for
【考点】be known for因……而出名。注意：be known as作为……而出名。
【考例】
①Which street is known for its food shops and markets? (2013江西卷听力)
② Get to the display house to see Dionaea muscipula, a plant more commonly known as the Venus Flytrap that feeds on insects and other small animals.?? (2012湖南卷阅读理解B篇)21世纪教育网版权所有