人教版(2019)高中英语2020-2021学年必修三Unit 4课时素养评价2
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．
He came (show) me his new science book.
【答案】to show
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：他来给我看他的新科学书。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to show。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作目的状语。
2．
Our English teacher has many ways (make)
her class interesting.
【答案】to make
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我们的英语老师有很多办法使她的课堂生动有趣。此处不定式作定语，故填to make 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作定语。
3．
The doctors are busy doing what they can (save) the dying man.
【答案】to save
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：医生们正忙着尽他们所能去救那个垂死的人。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to save。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作目的状语。
4． (catch) the early
flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
【答案】To catch
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前点了一辆出租车，起得很早。此处不定式作目的状语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填To catch。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作目的状语。
5． (avoid) any delay, please phone for your order
directly.
【答案】To avoid
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：为了避免延误，请直接打电话订购。此处不定式作目的状语，故填To avoid。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作目的状语。
6．
Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students (talk) over what is bothering them.
【答案】to talk
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：有时候我扮演一个倾听者，和学生们讨论那些困扰他们的事情。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to talk。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作目的状语。
7．
I'll write down his telephone number so as not (forget) it.
【答案】to forget
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我把他的电话号码写下来，免得忘了。so as to do固定短语，“为的是……”，作目的状语，故填to forget 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，以及固定短语so as to do。
8．
This was the best book for him (read),
which made him very happy.
【答案】to read
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：这是他读过的最好的书，这让他很高兴。此处不定式作定语，故填to read。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作定语。
9．
I went inside, excited to tell grandpa about what I'd done, only (find) he was sleeping.
【答案】to find
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我走进去，兴奋地想告诉爷爷我做了什么，结果却发现他在睡觉。此处表示出乎意料的结果，用不定式作结果状语，故填to find。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作结果状语。
10．
However, reading novels is not the only way (improve) your English.
【答案】to improve
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：然而，阅读小说并不是提高英语的唯一途径。此处不定式作定语，故填to improve。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作定语。
二、完成句子
11．
为了帮助学生学好语文，我们学校已决定为你们的汉语班捐赠一些图书。
,
our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.
【答案】To help the students to learn Chinese well
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照,可知缺少成分“为了帮助学生学好语文” ,表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语；“帮助学生学好语文”，是help sb to do结构，译为“help the students to learn Chinese well”，故答案为：To help the students to learn Chinese well。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及不定式作目的状语以及固定短语help sb to do。
12．
他是唯一被授予这项荣誉的外国人。
He was the only foreigner such an honor.
【答案】to be given
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“被授予”, 在此句中作定语，因foreigner前有only修饰，应用不定式，结合句意应用被动式，故答案为：to be given。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及不定式的被动式作定语。
13．
登上月球的第一人来自美国。
The first man comes from America.
【答案】to set foot on the moon
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照,可知缺少成分“登上月球的”, 应用固定短语“set foot on”，因man前有序数词the first，应用不定式，故答案为：to set foot on the moon。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及不定式作定语以及固定短语set foot on。
14．
每个人都要尽自己的一份力来解决这个问题。
Everyone
has to do his or her part .
【答案】to solve this problem
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照,可知缺少成分“来解决这个问题” , 译为“ solve this problem”，此处不定式作目的状语，故答案为：to solve this problem。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及不定式作目的状语。
15．
我们为什么不问问他是否想吃点什么呢？
Why
don't we ask him if he would like something
【答案】to eat
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“吃” , “something to eat”，固定短语，“吃的东西”，不定式作定语，故填to eat。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及动词不定式作定语。
三、阅读理解
16．阅读理解
Emilia Dobek traces her
interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father
watched a blood moon — a total lunar eclipse (月食) —
on the roof of their house.
Now a seventh grader at East Prairie
Elementary School, Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed
Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.
She says that night watching
the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of
fuel. So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the
national challenge, Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind.
"I knew she would love
the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search," Smeeton
said. "She immediately started researching bone density (密度) of astronauts and how to have food on Mars. "
"My design will ensure
the safety of the astronauts and make sure their comfort is out of this world,"
Dobek says.
Dobek's design calls for
building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in. It also
includes the SGF or Self-Growing Farm, and she details how it would work with
the elements on Mars.
Then there is physical and
leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek's design. A simulator (模拟装置) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual
reality environment. Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to
watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth, such as their homes.
"I want to tell other
kids to follow their passions," Dobek said. "Whatever they want to do,
they should push for it and always try their best."
（1）Dobek first became interested in space when .
A．she was still a seventh grader
B．she studied at a junior high school
C．she lived on the top of their house
D．she watched an eclipse of the moon
（2）Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because .
A．she knew Dobek liked challenges in life
B．she had no other students interested in Mars
C．Dobek knew how to research bone density of astronauts
D．she was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance
（3）What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station
A．The environment on Mars. B．The safety of the supplies.
C．The activities for astronauts. D．The comfort of the astronauts.
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）D
【知识点】细节理解题；故事阅读类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了小学生Emilia Dobek设计太空站, 并赢得挑战的相关内容。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段“Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon — a total lunar eclipse — on the roof of their house”可知，Dobek对太空感兴趣是从她在三年级时的一个晚上观看一次月食开始的。故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段Smeeton的话可推知，她对Dobek很了解, 对其可以接受这项挑战并出色完成充满信心。故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this world”并结合对倒数第二段的整体理解可推知，Dobek的设计包含身体和休闲活动，让宇航员在太空中也感到舒适。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
四、语法填空
17．语法填空
China successfully landed the Chang'e 4 lunar probe (月球探测器) on the far side of the moon on January 3, 2019, becoming the only country in history (touch) the lunar surface unseen by those on Earth. The far side of the moon has been seen and mapped (previous) by astronauts of the Apollo missions. But it is the first time that the moon's far side (set) foot on by spacecraft, and the successful landing of Chang'e 4 is seen as a major milestone in space (explore).
The Chang'e 4 spacecraft consists two parts: a lander and a rover (巡视器). Representing China's (new) step in the lunar probe project of all time, it landed at 10: 26 am of Beijing time. Then it sent back a photo of the landing place. (shoot) through cameras on the probe's lander, the photo marks the world's first image taken on the surface of the far side of the moon. One of the photos published by the China National Space Administration shows the place Chang'e 4's rover — named Yutu 2 — will be heading hours later for purpose of conducting further research. The name Chang'e has its roots in the Chinese goddess of the moon. In the ancient tale, Chang'e (fly) to the heavens and landed on the moon as her final resting place.
【答案】to touch；previously；has been set；exploration(s)；of；newest；Shot/Having been shot；where；the；flew
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，中国的嫦娥四号探测器成功登陆月球背面，由此，中国成为世界上第一个登上月球背面的国家。
（1）句意：2019年1月3日，中国成功地将“嫦娥四号”月球探测器在月球背面着陆，成为历史上唯一一个登陆月球背面的国家。被序数词、only以及形容词最高级等修饰的名词后面常常用不定式作后置定语。故填to touch。
（2）句意：月球的远端曾经被阿波罗任务的宇航员看到并绘制过地图。空处作状语修饰谓语部分,应该用所给词的副词形式。 previously"先前，早先"。故填previously。
（3）句意：但这是第一次有航天器登上月球的远端，嫦娥四号的成功着陆被视为太空探索的一个重要里程碑。It is the first time that…"第一次……"句型中，that后的从句要用现在完成时；set foot on some place lace"登上某地"，根据从句主语 the moon's far side和 set foot on之间的被动关系和空后的by可知此处用该短语的被动形式,且主语为第三人称单数。故填has been set。
（4）句意：但这是第一次有航天器登上月球的远端，嫦娥四号的成功着陆被视为太空探索的一个重要里程碑。嫦娥四号的成功着陆被视为太空探索的一个重要里程碑。空格前有介词in，介词后用名词的形式。space修饰后面空格处的名词。填exploration(s)。
（5）句意：嫦娥四号飞船由两部分组成：着陆器和巡视器。consist of，固定短语，"由……组成"，故填of。
（6）句意：它于北京时间上午10点26分着陆，标志着中国在探月工程中迈出了有史以来的最新一步。根据语境和表示范围的of all time可知，此处应该用形容词new的最高级表示"最新的"。故答案为newest。
（7）句意：这张照片是通过探测器着陆器上的照相机拍摄的，是世界上第一张在月球背面拍摄的照片。shot"拍摄"与 the photo之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已经完成,故用过去分词。此外,这里也可用现在分词的完成被动式强调分词动作先于谓语动作发生，故填Shot/ Having been shot。
（8）句意：中国国家航天局发布的其中一张照片显示，几个小时后，嫦娥四号的“玉兔2号”探测器将前往那里进行进一步的研究。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词 the place，空处在从句中作地点状语，故用 where。故填where。
（9）句意：中国国家航天局发布的其中一张照片显示，几个小时后，嫦娥四号的“玉兔2号”探测器将前往那里进行进一步的研究。 for the purpose of固定短语，"目的是，为了"，故填the。
（10）句意：在古老的传说中，嫦娥飞上天空，降落在月球上作为她最后的安息之所。根据and后的分句所用的一般过去时可知，此处也用一般过去时描述过去发生的事情。故填flew。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，副词，时态语态，名词，介词，形容词，定语从句，冠词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
五、完形填空
18．完形填空
"A bird with a broken wing
will never fly as high." I'm sure that John would agree with this saying, （1） he felt this way almost every day in school.
By high school, John was the most
famous （2） in his
town. He was always absent, didn't answer questions and got into （3） . He had failed almost every exam by the time
he entered his senior year, yet was （4） each year to a higher grade level. Teachers didn't
want to （5） him again the following year. John was moving on,
but definitely not moving （6） .
I met John for the first time
at a weekend leadership training program since John was one of 405 students who
（7） .
At the start of the training, John was just standing （8） the circle of students, against the back wall.
He didn't （9） join the discussion groups. But slowly, the interactive
games （10） him in.
The ice really melted (融化) when the groups started building a list of （11） and
negative things that had occurred at school that year. John （12） some
constructive ideas on those situations. The other students in John's group （13） his
comments. All of a sudden John felt like a （14） of the group, and before long he was （15） like
a leader. By the end of the training, he had joined the Homeless Project team. The
other students on the team were （16） with his passionate concern and ideas. They （17） elected
John co-chairman of the team.
John started （18） at school
every day and answered questions from teachers for the first time. He led a second
project, （19） 300
blankets and 1, 000 pairs of shoes for the homeless shelter.
A bird with a broken wing only
needs （20） . Once healed, it can fly higher than the rest.
（1）A．if B．until C．as D．though
（2）A．storyteller B．troublemaker C．dream-seeker D．peace-lover
（3）A．fights B．debt C．difficulties D．work
（4）A．driven away B．left out C．kept in D．passed
on
（5）A．love B．pet C．have D．accompany
（6）A．in B．up C．away D．back
（7）A．signed up B．ran away C．fell down D．went
by
（8）A．around B．onto C．among D．outside
（9）A．hurriedly B．easily C．readily D．warmly
（10）A．drew B．led C．sent D．put
（11）A．useless B．meaningful C．strange D．positive
（12）A．changed B．expressed C．reserved D．noticed
（13）A．refused B．ignored C．welcomed D．gathered
（14）A．founder B．heart C．leader D．part
（15）A．dressed B．treated C．born D．shaped
（16）A．impressed B．patient C．disappointed D．familiar
（17）A．still B．again C．hardly D．even
（18）A．showing up B．dropping out C．going
down D．walking around
（19）A．buying B．collecting C．donating D．making
（20）A．raising B．feeding C．mending D．replacing
【答案】（1）C；（2）B；（3）A；（4）D；（5）C；（6）B；（7）A；（8）D；（9）C；（10）A；（11）D；（12）B；（13）C；（14）D；（15）B；（16）A；（17）D；（18）A；（19）B；（20）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。约翰是镇上最著名的麻烦制造者。在一次周末的领导培训项目中, 他融入团队, 不久他被当作一个领导者对待。文章告诉我们: 一只折断了翅膀的鸟只需要修补。一旦愈合, 它就会飞得比其他的鸟都高。（1）选C。逻辑推理题。根据前半句I'm
sure that John would agree with this saying我相信约翰会同意这句话。可知后面应该是表示原因, “因为他几乎每天都在学校里这样想。”故用as引导状语从句。故选C项。（2）选B。逻辑推理题。根据下文He was always absent. . . by the
time he entered his senior year可知, 约翰是镇上最著名的麻烦制造者。（3）选A。词语辨析题。他总是上课缺席, 不回答问题, 并且打架(fights)。（4）选D。词语辨析题。他进入高三的时候, 几乎每次考试都不及格, 然而, 他每年都被送到(passed
on)一个更高的年级。（5）选C。词语辨析题。根据下文John was moving on, but definitely not moving . 约翰在继续前进, 但绝对没有提升。可知, 老师不想要(have)他了。
（6）选B。固定搭配题。句意:
约翰在继续前进, 但绝对没有提升。move up提升。故选B。（7）选A。词语辨析题。我第一次见到约翰是在一个周末的领导培训项目中, 因为约翰是405名报名参加的学生之一。signed up签约, 报名参加, 符合语境。（8）选D。逻辑推理题。根据空格后的the
circle of students, against the back wall. 可知, 他站在一圈学生的外面(outside)。（9）选C。词语辨析题。根据上文John was just standing the circle of students, against the back
wall. 可知, 他不愿意(readily)和学生们在一起讨论。
（10）选A。词语辨析题。根据下文可知, 但慢慢地互动游戏把他吸引(draw)了进来。（11）选D。词语辨析题。当这些团体开始列出当年在学校发生的积极(positive)和消极的事情时, 冰真的融化了。根据negative things可知答案为D。（12）选B。词语辨析题。根据some
constructive ideas可知需要表达(express)。（13）选C。词语辨析题。约翰小组的其他学生对他的评论表示欢迎(welcome)。（14）选D。逻辑推理题。根据上文The other students in John's group his comments. 可知,
约翰觉得自己是他组里的一部分(part)了。 （15）选B。词语辨析题。不久他被当作一个领导者对待(treat)。（16）选A。词语辨析题。团队中的其他学生对他的热情关心和想法印象深刻。be impressed with对……印象深刻。（17）选D。逻辑推理题。他们甚至(even)还选举了约翰为联合主席。（18）选A。词语辨析题。根据第二段第二句He
was always absent, didn't answer questions. 可知, 他每天开始在学校出现(show up), 并回答老师的问题。（19）选B。词语辨析题。根据300 blankets and 1, 000 pairs of
shoes for the homeless shelter可知此处应该是“收集(collect)”。（20）选C。词语辨析题。一只折断了翅膀的鸟只需要修补(mend)。
【点评】
1 / 1人教版(2019)高中英语2020-2021学年必修三Unit 4课时素养评价2
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．
He came (show) me his new science book.
2．
Our English teacher has many ways (make)
her class interesting.
3．
The doctors are busy doing what they can (save) the dying man.
4． (catch) the early
flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
5． (avoid) any delay, please phone for your order
directly.
6．
Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students (talk) over what is bothering them.
7．
I'll write down his telephone number so as not (forget) it.
8．
This was the best book for him (read),
which made him very happy.
9．
I went inside, excited to tell grandpa about what I'd done, only (find) he was sleeping.
10．
However, reading novels is not the only way (improve) your English.
二、完成句子
11．
为了帮助学生学好语文，我们学校已决定为你们的汉语班捐赠一些图书。
,
our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.
12．
他是唯一被授予这项荣誉的外国人。
He was the only foreigner such an honor.
13．
登上月球的第一人来自美国。
The first man comes from America.
14．
每个人都要尽自己的一份力来解决这个问题。
Everyone
has to do his or her part .
15．
我们为什么不问问他是否想吃点什么呢？
Why
don't we ask him if he would like something
三、阅读理解
16．阅读理解
Emilia Dobek traces her
interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father
watched a blood moon — a total lunar eclipse (月食) —
on the roof of their house.
Now a seventh grader at East Prairie
Elementary School, Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed
Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.
She says that night watching
the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of
fuel. So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the
national challenge, Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind.
"I knew she would love
the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search," Smeeton
said. "She immediately started researching bone density (密度) of astronauts and how to have food on Mars. "
"My design will ensure
the safety of the astronauts and make sure their comfort is out of this world,"
Dobek says.
Dobek's design calls for
building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in. It also
includes the SGF or Self-Growing Farm, and she details how it would work with
the elements on Mars.
Then there is physical and
leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek's design. A simulator (模拟装置) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual
reality environment. Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to
watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth, such as their homes.
"I want to tell other
kids to follow their passions," Dobek said. "Whatever they want to do,
they should push for it and always try their best."
（1）Dobek first became interested in space when .
A．she was still a seventh grader
B．she studied at a junior high school
C．she lived on the top of their house
D．she watched an eclipse of the moon
（2）Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because .
A．she knew Dobek liked challenges in life
B．she had no other students interested in Mars
C．Dobek knew how to research bone density of astronauts
D．she was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance
（3）What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station
A．The environment on Mars. B．The safety of the supplies.
C．The activities for astronauts. D．The comfort of the astronauts.
四、语法填空
17．语法填空
China successfully landed the Chang'e 4 lunar probe (月球探测器) on the far side of the moon on January 3, 2019, becoming the only country in history (touch) the lunar surface unseen by those on Earth. The far side of the moon has been seen and mapped (previous) by astronauts of the Apollo missions. But it is the first time that the moon's far side (set) foot on by spacecraft, and the successful landing of Chang'e 4 is seen as a major milestone in space (explore).
The Chang'e 4 spacecraft consists two parts: a lander and a rover (巡视器). Representing China's (new) step in the lunar probe project of all time, it landed at 10: 26 am of Beijing time. Then it sent back a photo of the landing place. (shoot) through cameras on the probe's lander, the photo marks the world's first image taken on the surface of the far side of the moon. One of the photos published by the China National Space Administration shows the place Chang'e 4's rover — named Yutu 2 — will be heading hours later for purpose of conducting further research. The name Chang'e has its roots in the Chinese goddess of the moon. In the ancient tale, Chang'e (fly) to the heavens and landed on the moon as her final resting place.
五、完形填空
18．完形填空
"A bird with a broken wing
will never fly as high." I'm sure that John would agree with this saying, （1） he felt this way almost every day in school.
By high school, John was the most
famous （2） in his
town. He was always absent, didn't answer questions and got into （3） . He had failed almost every exam by the time
he entered his senior year, yet was （4） each year to a higher grade level. Teachers didn't
want to （5） him again the following year. John was moving on,
but definitely not moving （6） .
I met John for the first time
at a weekend leadership training program since John was one of 405 students who
（7） .
At the start of the training, John was just standing （8） the circle of students, against the back wall.
He didn't （9） join the discussion groups. But slowly, the interactive
games （10） him in.
The ice really melted (融化) when the groups started building a list of （11） and
negative things that had occurred at school that year. John （12） some
constructive ideas on those situations. The other students in John's group （13） his
comments. All of a sudden John felt like a （14） of the group, and before long he was （15） like
a leader. By the end of the training, he had joined the Homeless Project team. The
other students on the team were （16） with his passionate concern and ideas. They （17） elected
John co-chairman of the team.
John started （18） at school
every day and answered questions from teachers for the first time. He led a second
project, （19） 300
blankets and 1, 000 pairs of shoes for the homeless shelter.
A bird with a broken wing only
needs （20） . Once healed, it can fly higher than the rest.
（1）A．if B．until C．as D．though
（2）A．storyteller B．troublemaker C．dream-seeker D．peace-lover
（3）A．fights B．debt C．difficulties D．work
（4）A．driven away B．left out C．kept in D．passed
on
（5）A．love B．pet C．have D．accompany
（6）A．in B．up C．away D．back
（7）A．signed up B．ran away C．fell down D．went
by
（8）A．around B．onto C．among D．outside
（9）A．hurriedly B．easily C．readily D．warmly
（10）A．drew B．led C．sent D．put
（11）A．useless B．meaningful C．strange D．positive
（12）A．changed B．expressed C．reserved D．noticed
（13）A．refused B．ignored C．welcomed D．gathered
（14）A．founder B．heart C．leader D．part
（15）A．dressed B．treated C．born D．shaped
（16）A．impressed B．patient C．disappointed D．familiar
（17）A．still B．again C．hardly D．even
（18）A．showing up B．dropping out C．going
down D．walking around
（19）A．buying B．collecting C．donating D．making
（20）A．raising B．feeding C．mending D．replacing
答案解析部分
1．【答案】to show
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：他来给我看他的新科学书。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to show。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作目的状语。
2．【答案】to make
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我们的英语老师有很多办法使她的课堂生动有趣。此处不定式作定语，故填to make 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作定语。
3．【答案】to save
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：医生们正忙着尽他们所能去救那个垂死的人。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to save。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作目的状语。
4．【答案】To catch
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前点了一辆出租车，起得很早。此处不定式作目的状语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填To catch。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作目的状语。
5．【答案】To avoid
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：为了避免延误，请直接打电话订购。此处不定式作目的状语，故填To avoid。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作目的状语。
6．【答案】to talk
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：有时候我扮演一个倾听者，和学生们讨论那些困扰他们的事情。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to talk。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作目的状语。
7．【答案】to forget
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我把他的电话号码写下来，免得忘了。so as to do固定短语，“为的是……”，作目的状语，故填to forget 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，以及固定短语so as to do。
8．【答案】to read
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：这是他读过的最好的书，这让他很高兴。此处不定式作定语，故填to read。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作定语。
9．【答案】to find
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我走进去，兴奋地想告诉爷爷我做了什么，结果却发现他在睡觉。此处表示出乎意料的结果，用不定式作结果状语，故填to find。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作结果状语。
10．【答案】to improve
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：然而，阅读小说并不是提高英语的唯一途径。此处不定式作定语，故填to improve。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作定语。
11．【答案】To help the students to learn Chinese well
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照,可知缺少成分“为了帮助学生学好语文” ,表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语；“帮助学生学好语文”，是help sb to do结构，译为“help the students to learn Chinese well”，故答案为：To help the students to learn Chinese well。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及不定式作目的状语以及固定短语help sb to do。
12．【答案】to be given
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“被授予”, 在此句中作定语，因foreigner前有only修饰，应用不定式，结合句意应用被动式，故答案为：to be given。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及不定式的被动式作定语。
13．【答案】to set foot on the moon
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照,可知缺少成分“登上月球的”, 应用固定短语“set foot on”，因man前有序数词the first，应用不定式，故答案为：to set foot on the moon。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及不定式作定语以及固定短语set foot on。
14．【答案】to solve this problem
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照,可知缺少成分“来解决这个问题” , 译为“ solve this problem”，此处不定式作目的状语，故答案为：to solve this problem。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及不定式作目的状语。
15．【答案】to eat
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“吃” , “something to eat”，固定短语，“吃的东西”，不定式作定语，故填to eat。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及动词不定式作定语。
16．【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）D
【知识点】细节理解题；故事阅读类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了小学生Emilia Dobek设计太空站, 并赢得挑战的相关内容。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段“Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon — a total lunar eclipse — on the roof of their house”可知，Dobek对太空感兴趣是从她在三年级时的一个晚上观看一次月食开始的。故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段Smeeton的话可推知，她对Dobek很了解, 对其可以接受这项挑战并出色完成充满信心。故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this world”并结合对倒数第二段的整体理解可推知，Dobek的设计包含身体和休闲活动，让宇航员在太空中也感到舒适。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
17．【答案】to touch；previously；has been set；exploration(s)；of；newest；Shot/Having been shot；where；the；flew
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，中国的嫦娥四号探测器成功登陆月球背面，由此，中国成为世界上第一个登上月球背面的国家。
（1）句意：2019年1月3日，中国成功地将“嫦娥四号”月球探测器在月球背面着陆，成为历史上唯一一个登陆月球背面的国家。被序数词、only以及形容词最高级等修饰的名词后面常常用不定式作后置定语。故填to touch。
（2）句意：月球的远端曾经被阿波罗任务的宇航员看到并绘制过地图。空处作状语修饰谓语部分,应该用所给词的副词形式。 previously"先前，早先"。故填previously。
（3）句意：但这是第一次有航天器登上月球的远端，嫦娥四号的成功着陆被视为太空探索的一个重要里程碑。It is the first time that…"第一次……"句型中，that后的从句要用现在完成时；set foot on some place lace"登上某地"，根据从句主语 the moon's far side和 set foot on之间的被动关系和空后的by可知此处用该短语的被动形式,且主语为第三人称单数。故填has been set。
（4）句意：但这是第一次有航天器登上月球的远端，嫦娥四号的成功着陆被视为太空探索的一个重要里程碑。嫦娥四号的成功着陆被视为太空探索的一个重要里程碑。空格前有介词in，介词后用名词的形式。space修饰后面空格处的名词。填exploration(s)。
（5）句意：嫦娥四号飞船由两部分组成：着陆器和巡视器。consist of，固定短语，"由……组成"，故填of。
（6）句意：它于北京时间上午10点26分着陆，标志着中国在探月工程中迈出了有史以来的最新一步。根据语境和表示范围的of all time可知，此处应该用形容词new的最高级表示"最新的"。故答案为newest。
（7）句意：这张照片是通过探测器着陆器上的照相机拍摄的，是世界上第一张在月球背面拍摄的照片。shot"拍摄"与 the photo之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已经完成,故用过去分词。此外,这里也可用现在分词的完成被动式强调分词动作先于谓语动作发生，故填Shot/ Having been shot。
（8）句意：中国国家航天局发布的其中一张照片显示，几个小时后，嫦娥四号的“玉兔2号”探测器将前往那里进行进一步的研究。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词 the place，空处在从句中作地点状语，故用 where。故填where。
（9）句意：中国国家航天局发布的其中一张照片显示，几个小时后，嫦娥四号的“玉兔2号”探测器将前往那里进行进一步的研究。 for the purpose of固定短语，"目的是，为了"，故填the。
（10）句意：在古老的传说中，嫦娥飞上天空，降落在月球上作为她最后的安息之所。根据and后的分句所用的一般过去时可知，此处也用一般过去时描述过去发生的事情。故填flew。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，副词，时态语态，名词，介词，形容词，定语从句，冠词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
18．【答案】（1）C；（2）B；（3）A；（4）D；（5）C；（6）B；（7）A；（8）D；（9）C；（10）A；（11）D；（12）B；（13）C；（14）D；（15）B；（16）A；（17）D；（18）A；（19）B；（20）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。约翰是镇上最著名的麻烦制造者。在一次周末的领导培训项目中, 他融入团队, 不久他被当作一个领导者对待。文章告诉我们: 一只折断了翅膀的鸟只需要修补。一旦愈合, 它就会飞得比其他的鸟都高。（1）选C。逻辑推理题。根据前半句I'm
sure that John would agree with this saying我相信约翰会同意这句话。可知后面应该是表示原因, “因为他几乎每天都在学校里这样想。”故用as引导状语从句。故选C项。（2）选B。逻辑推理题。根据下文He was always absent. . . by the
time he entered his senior year可知, 约翰是镇上最著名的麻烦制造者。（3）选A。词语辨析题。他总是上课缺席, 不回答问题, 并且打架(fights)。（4）选D。词语辨析题。他进入高三的时候, 几乎每次考试都不及格, 然而, 他每年都被送到(passed
on)一个更高的年级。（5）选C。词语辨析题。根据下文John was moving on, but definitely not moving . 约翰在继续前进, 但绝对没有提升。可知, 老师不想要(have)他了。
（6）选B。固定搭配题。句意:
约翰在继续前进, 但绝对没有提升。move up提升。故选B。（7）选A。词语辨析题。我第一次见到约翰是在一个周末的领导培训项目中, 因为约翰是405名报名参加的学生之一。signed up签约, 报名参加, 符合语境。（8）选D。逻辑推理题。根据空格后的the
circle of students, against the back wall. 可知, 他站在一圈学生的外面(outside)。（9）选C。词语辨析题。根据上文John was just standing the circle of students, against the back
wall. 可知, 他不愿意(readily)和学生们在一起讨论。
（10）选A。词语辨析题。根据下文可知, 但慢慢地互动游戏把他吸引(draw)了进来。（11）选D。词语辨析题。当这些团体开始列出当年在学校发生的积极(positive)和消极的事情时, 冰真的融化了。根据negative things可知答案为D。（12）选B。词语辨析题。根据some
constructive ideas可知需要表达(express)。（13）选C。词语辨析题。约翰小组的其他学生对他的评论表示欢迎(welcome)。（14）选D。逻辑推理题。根据上文The other students in John's group his comments. 可知,
约翰觉得自己是他组里的一部分(part)了。 （15）选B。词语辨析题。不久他被当作一个领导者对待(treat)。（16）选A。词语辨析题。团队中的其他学生对他的热情关心和想法印象深刻。be impressed with对……印象深刻。（17）选D。逻辑推理题。他们甚至(even)还选举了约翰为联合主席。（18）选A。词语辨析题。根据第二段第二句He
was always absent, didn't answer questions. 可知, 他每天开始在学校出现(show up), 并回答老师的问题。（19）选B。词语辨析题。根据300 blankets and 1, 000 pairs of
shoes for the homeless shelter可知此处应该是“收集(collect)”。（20）选C。词语辨析题。一只折断了翅膀的鸟只需要修补(mend)。
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