外研版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 2 Exploring English单元知识点学案（无答案）
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Unit 2 Exploring English
【核心单词】
1.__________ n.题目，标题 2._______ adj.（观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的
3. ________ adj.独一无二的，独特的 4. ___________ n.类型，种类
5. _____________v.联系，联络 6. __________adj.可能的，可能发生的
7. _________ n.一套住房，公寓套房 8.__________n.一套住房，公寓套房
9. _________n. 上下文，语境 10.__________n.增加物，添加物资料
11.__________n.资料（教学）资源 12. _______ v. 提醒，使…想起
13. _________ adv相当，颇 14. _________ n.评论
15.__________adj.在城镇中心区的,在闹市区的
16.________ n. 大门（口）,入口（处） 17.________ n. 出口
18. _________ n.区域 19. ____________adv. 事实上，实际上
20.________ adj. 消极的，负面的 21.__________n.错误，谬误
【拓展词汇】
1.__________ n. 行为，举止→_______ v.表现，举止
2._________ adj.令人困惑的→_________ v.使困惑→________adj.感到困惑的→_________n. 困惑，疑惑
3._______ v. 显示，反映→___________n.反映，思考，反射
4.___________ n.创造性，创造力→________adj.有创造性的，有创造力的
→__________ n.创造力，创造
5.__________ adj.看得见的，可见的→__________ adj.看不见的
6._________ adj.不熟悉的，不了解的 →________ adj.熟悉的
7.____________n.组织，团体，机构 →________v.组织→________n.组织者8.__________v.计划，打算→_______n.意图，目的，打算
9. _______ adj.（书写或言谈）非正式的→_________adj.正式的
10.____________ v.认识，辨认出→_____________n.认出，识别
11.______ v.以……为基础→________ n.基础;根据
12._________ adj.意识到的，明白的→________ n.意识;认识;感悟能力
Section A
I.词汇
1. according to 据（……所说）;按照……所报道,根据;依照;按照
according to the latest survey 根据最新调查 according to the records 根据纪录
according to the weather report 根据天气预报 according to the police 按照警方的说法
go according to the plan 按照计划进行
Ps：according to 用来引出来自他人或他处的消息，不能与 me或my opinion连用。表达"依我看"可用 in my opinion /view。
according to me(×) according to my opinion(×)
in my opinion(√) as far as I'm concerned(√) according to Mike(√)
①Where do young men go to watch big games according to Jeff
②According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step…
③According to Professor Johnson,we don't have to read the book if we don't want to,as it is optional.
④_______ _______tradition, the school will hold a grand party on New Year's Day.根据传统. 学校在元日的时候将举行感大的晚会。
⑤In my opinion,the title of this passage needs to be improved.我认为这篇文章的标题需要改进。
opposing adj.（观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的
oppose v.反对 opposed adj.对立的
opposite adj.相反的;对面的;对立的prep.在……对面n.对立面，反义词
take /have an opposing view持相反的观点 an opposing team 对方球队
a player from the opposing side 对方的运动员 two opposing camps 两个对立的阵营
拓：oppose doing sth.反对做某事
be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对（做）某事，不赞成（做）某事
be opposite to 与……相反 the opposite of.… …的对立面
in the opposite direction 在相反方向
①When referring to the topic，the senior specialist took an_______（oppose）view.
②Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
③ His parents are opposed_____ the marriage.他的父母反对这桩婚事。
④The gym is ten miles in the opposite direction.
3.behavior n.举止，行为(=behaviour) behave v.表现;举止得体
good/bad behavior 良好/恶劣行为 social behavior 社会行为
one's behavior towards... 某人对……的行为 behavior problems行为问题
change one's behavior 改变某人的行为图 behave oneself守规矩，举止得体
behave well/badly 表现得好/差 behave like/as if/as though 表现得好像….
well-behaved表现好的 badly-behaved 表现差的
①Li Ming has received an award for his good behavior.
②Getting more people to be volunteers can help form good social______（behave）.
③ Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave_____（them）.
④Though under pressure，he behaved as if nothing had happened.
【同步练习】
(1) My cousin Jim didn’t behave___________(he) at the party and thus left
a bad impression on the guests.
(2)The boy_____(behave) well at the banquet and everyone praised his proper_____(behave).
4.confusing adj.令人困惑的
confuse vt.使困惑;（将……）混淆 confused adj.困惑的，糊涂的 confusion n.困惑;混淆
find sth.confusing 觉得……令人困惑 sth. be confusing for sb.某事物令某人困惑
a very confusing experience 让人莫名其妙的经历
confuse sb.使某人困惑 confuse A with B把A和B弄混
be confused about 对……感到困惑
become/get confused 变得困惑 a confused expression 困惑的表情
to avoid confusion 为避免混淆 in confusion 困窘地
①They______ me by asking so many_______questions. I was totally________standing there in______ and not knowing what to do next.(confuse)
②She stepped down，looking_________（confuse）.
③ I always confuse you_______ your sister—you look so alike.
【同步练习】
(1)We can conclude from his _____that this ________look problem really ________him. (confuse)
(2)Be careful not to confuse“abroad”________“aboard”. The two words are very similar.
(3) He looked at me in ________(confuse)and did not answer the question.
(4)When you are confused ______some words in reading, you can refer________ the dictionary.
5.unique adj.独一无二的，独特的;难得的，罕见的;独具的，特有的
a unique style独特的风格 a unique character独特的个性
a unique opportunity 难得的机会 a unique talent 奇才
be unique to..为………所独有
①Each of my cafes will have a different theme and a unique style.
②The sculpture is unique____ this college.该雕像是这所大学独有的。
burn up
burn down 烧毁烧毁，烧尽 burn out（火）烧尽，燃尽;累垮
burn off燃尽;烧掉;消耗能量 burn away烧掉;烧光
burn... to the ground把……彻底焚毁
① The spacecraft burned up as it entered the earth's atmosphere.
②Then nine days later，a fire burned the library to the ground.
7.alarm n.警报器;闹钟v. 使惊恐;使害怕;使担心 alarming adj.惊人的;使人惊恐的
an alarm clock 闹钟 an alarm button 警报器按钮 an alarm signal 警报信号
in alarm 惊慌地，惊恐地
raise/sound the alarm发出警报 set off the alarm 触发警报器 fire alarm火警
an alarming increase 惊人的增长
①（2018·全国Ⅱ卷七选五）Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!
② The rainforests are disappearing at an________（alarm）rate.
are disappearing是现在进行时表将来，即"将要消失"
8.reflect v. 显示,反映;映出（影像）;反射;认真思考 reflection.反映;映像;反射;深思
reflect the views of…反映………的意见
reflect the fact that...反映……这一事实
be reflected in 反映在………中;映在………中
reflect light 反射光线
reflect on/upon 认真思考
be a reflection of是…的反映
on/upon reflection 经过考虑后
one's reflection in the mirror 某人在镜中的影像
①Your frightened expression reflected your real feelings.
②（2019·全国Ⅱ卷阅读）"I reflect_____ how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,"he said.
③Your clothes are often a_______(reflect)of your inner world.
【同步练习】
(1)Our school motto_______(reflect) the importance we place______good manners, hard work and success.
(2)The lake is calm and clear, and one of the things that are reflected the_______water is the
famous tower.
(3)I think you should stop for a moment and reflect ________your success and failure.
(4)(2018河南信阳模考)What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen
by others as a valuable moment of________(reflect) and a sign of respect for what the last speaker has said.
9.creativity n.创造性，创造力 create v.创造;创作 creative adj.有创造力的;创造（性）的
artistic creativity 艺术创造力 have creativity 有创造力
express/show creativity 表达/展示创造力 develop/encourage creativity培养/激发创造力
create wealth创造财富 create new jobs创造新的工作岗位 creative thinking创造性思维
①To develop one's______(create),one must first learn to be confident.
②（2019·全国Ⅲ卷短文改错）In the cafe，customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment that_______（create） for them.
③The idea for the poster is______(create).
10.wind up 给（机械）上发条;使（活动、会议等）结束
wind up the clock给钟表上发条 wind up the discussion/meeting 结束讨论/会议
wind up doing sth.以做某事告终
It's time to wind things up.到事情结束的时候了。
wind the car window up/down 把车窗摇上去/摇下来
wind up/down to..蜿蜒通向…… wind one's way along 沿……蜿蜒伸展图
wind的过去式、过去分词均为 wound。
① We need to wind_______ now. We only have five minutes left.我们现在该结束了，只剩5分钟的时间了。
②（2018·北京卷阅读）Almost half of that winds up in landfills,and up to 12 million tons pollute the ocean ans.
③Wind your car window down so that you can have a better view of the scene outside.
Ⅱ.句式
11.have trouble(in )doing sth.做某事有困难
教材例句 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English 你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学英语很困难
例 He is having trouble getting his message across to his friends.他难以向他的朋友们传达自己的意思。
拓展：have difficulty（in）doing sth.做某事有困难
have no trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth.毫不费力地做某事
have a hard/difficult time (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
have trouble/difficulty with sth.在……方面有困难
例The driver had difficulty starting his engine on such a cold day.在这样寒冷的天气里，司机很难发动引擎。
①I have trouble in memorizing English words，so I'm ready to learn Japanese.
②You can't imagine what difficulty we had_______（walk）home in the snowstorm.
③The local people have no trouble exchanging a few words with the foreigner.
④ By then,Steve was having a hard time______(remember)the names of some of his friends.
12.表示否定意义的词位于句首引起倒装
教材例句 Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. 而 pineapple（菠萝）里既分析：没有 pine（松树），也没有 apple（苹果）。
neither 表示否定意义，位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序。neither.nor…意为"既不……也不……"。
拓展：表示否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序，即把系动词be、助动词或情态动词放到主语之前。这样的词或短语有 never，neither，nor,hardly,rarely, seldom, little, by no means,in no way,at no time, on no account 等。
①Neither was the price of traveling satisfactory,nor was the schedule suitable for me.
②The professor warned the students that on no account _________ _______ _______mobile phones in his class.那位教授告诫学生们，他们绝不应该在他的课上使用手机。
13.分词的独立结构
教材例句 And speaking of home, why aren't homework and housework the same thing
分析：有的分词（短语）可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑上的主语，实际上已经成了习惯短语。例如∶talking/speaking of，generally speaking（总体而言，一般说来），frankly speaking（坦白说），judging from/by（根据……判断），supposing（假设，已由分词转化为连词），providing/provided（只要，如果……的话，已由分词转化为介词），considering/given（考虑到，已由分词转化为介词）等。
例 Speaking of Harry,have you seen him recently
Judging from his tone, there's no doubt he is against it.
We'll buy everything you produce, provided of course the price is right.
①Speaking of table manners,keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal.
②__________(speak)of teachers,I can't forget my parents, who have taught me the importance of work ethic and how to tell right from wrong.
③Generally speaking，your arrival shouldn't be later than the fixed time.
④_________(judge)from the way he laughed as he told it，it was meant to be humorous.
⑤Supposing(that)you are wrong, what will you do then
⑥The other banks are going to be very eager to help,provided that they see that he has a specific plan.
⑦She's very active,considering her age.
14.That/This/lt is why+结果. 那/这就是为什么…（why 引导表语从句）
教材例句 That is why when the stars are out,they are visible,but when the lights are out, they are invisible.
拓展："That/This/It is because+原因."意为"那/这是因为…（because 引导表语从句）"。"The reason（why..）is that."意为"（…的）原因是…（why引导定语从句，that 引导表语从句）"。
He was ill.That's why he was taken to the hospital.。
He was taken to the hospital.That's because he was ill.
The reason why he was taken to the hospital was that he was ill.
①（2020·全国Ⅱ卷语法填空）This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers carries special significance.
②That's_______I want to be a dolphin trainer in the future.那就是未来我想成为一名海豚训练员的原因。
③ From space,the earth looks blue.This is______about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%被水覆盖。
④The reason______he looked frightened was______he saw a snake on the road.他看起来害怕的原因是他在路上看到了一条蛇。
课后自测提升
I.单词拼写
1.The soldiers went all out to battle against the______（对立的）army all day.
2.His good______（行为）gained the praise of his classmates.
3.He burned up the famous painting,which was ______________（令人困惑的）.
4.This sculpture is________（独一无二的）;it has made a deep impression on us.
5.This__________（反映）how you use your creativity to explore the unknown world.
6. She is teaching senior high school students how to______（雕刻）in an art class.
7.The boy was_______（想家的） when he saw the pineapple sent by his mother.
8.I set the_____（警报）clock for 7 pm so that I could see the drama performance on time.
9.The sculpture shows the sculptor's extraordinary ________（创造力）.
10.The rain had stopped and a rainbow was______（看得见的）over the mountains. II.单句写作
II.单句写作
1.We will subscribe to magazines_______（根据）our personal interests.
2.The whole family was in panic because the fire______（烧尽）everything and the house was_______（烧毁）.
3.In order to catch up with the first subway,remember to_______（给……上发条）the clock.
4.The students graduating from university _____________（应对现实有困难）.
5.__________（那就是为什么）he wanted to improve his teaching method.
6._________（谈到）his confusing behavior,I don't know what to say.
III.单句语法填空
1. She wanted to improve the child's_________(behave).
2.His topic is so________(confuse)that it is hard to understand.
3.Journals are the_________(reflect) of one's inner world.
4.Although they chose the same major,their schedules are_________(oppose).
5.They have trouble_______(gain )the opportunity because their conditions are not enough.
6.He is airsick; that is_______he likes traveling by train.
7.After he graduated, he has been working on__________ (sculpt).
8.At the meeting, he referred to the importance of developing students'___（create）.
Section B
词汇
type n.类型，种类 vt.&vi.打字
typist n.打字员
of this/that type 这种/那种类型的 a type of一种类型的
all types of各种类型的
type...into把……键入（计算机）
type the letters 打信件 type with one's fingers 用手指打字
近义词kind，sort
a type/kind/sort of一种……. all types/kinds/sorts of 各种各样的
①It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with.
②This word is used as a title，so you need______（type）the capitalized letters.
2.come across①偶然发现-run into/meet by chance ②被理解
come across an old friend 碰到一位老朋友
come across this book in a old bookstore 在一家旧书店里发现这本书
come about 发生（常与 how 连用） come out 出现;开花;出版，发表;透露
come to 合计;总共 come up with提出，想出 come true 实现，成真
come over 过来;顺便来访 come on 快点，开始 come from来自;出生于
① Can you tell me what you came across yesterday evening
② He spoke for a long time,but his meaning did not come________ .
③When walking down the street，I____ ______David,whom I hadn't seen for years.
④We need to ______ _______ ______specific measures to solve this problem.
3.unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的，不了解的
be unfamiliar with 对………不熟悉
be unfamiliar to 为……所不熟知围
否定前缀∶un-
unusual adj.异常的，不平常的 unfold v.（卷着的东西）展开，打开
① She speaks no Japanese and is unfamiliar_______Japanese culture.
② She grew many wonderful plants that were unfamiliar to me.
4.contact v.联系，联络n.【U】联系;接触
contact sb. immediately/directly 立即/直接与某人联系
contact sb.by email/telephone 通过电子邮件/电话与某人联系
make contact with sb/get in contact with sb.与某人取得联系
keep in contact with sb.与某人保持联系 have contact with sb.与某人接触
lose contact with sb.与某人失去联系 be in contact with sb.与某人有联系
physical/ eye contact身体/眼神接触
形近词 contract n.合同v.收缩
①Contact me directly if you come across difficulties.
②I finally made contact with her in Paris last year
③It's unusual for a squirrel to have any contact people.
④I have been_____contact with my English teacher after graduating from my senior high school.
5.likely adj.可能的，可能发生的 adv.很可能
unlikely adj. 不可能的
"It is/was likely+that 从句.=Sb/Sth. be likely to do sth."，意为"很可能……",主语既可以是人也可以是物。
It is+possible for sb.to do sth. /possible+ that从句. /probable+that 从句.
possible和 probable 作表语时不能用人作主语
①The young man didn't find the organization. He was likely_____(be) unfamiliar with that area.
②While_____is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings.虽然他可能对这些书理解得很少，但这些书引导他研究古典绘画。
③What is the man most likely to have for dinner
6.addition n.增加物，添加物 add v.增加，添加
an addition to……的添加物
in addition除此之外，此外 可用于句首、句中成句末。用于句首或句中时，通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开
·in addition"除此之外，此外".是介词短语，单独作状语;
·in addition to"除……以外（还）"，是短语介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词，相当于介词 besides和短语介词 as well as，apart from。
In addition to swimming,she likes playing the guitar.
①The products are of high quality. In addition,the price is low.
②___ ____,I can see different kinds of beautiful birds.此外，我可以看到不同种类的美丽的鸟儿。
③_____ ______the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.除了学校，村里还有一家诊所，也是在政府的援助下建成的。
④ In addition to______(read)for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration.
add (1)vt.&vi.加 vt. 增加，添加
add...to...把...加到...里(常用added to...作后置定语)
add to增加，增添
add sth. up = add up sth.把...加起来
add up to总共是，总计为
The fire is going out; will you add some wood to the fire
The dictionary is out of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
The bike-sharing service adds to the convenience of the traffic in the city.
The time I spend on paperwork every day adds up to six hours.
(2)v.补充说，继续说
常见搭配：add that...补充说....(在句中常用adding that...作状语)
He expressed his satisfaction with the trip and added that he would come again.
辨析比较：add up... / add up to/ add to/ add... to...
易混词组 区别
add up “把...加起来”，只强调“加起来”，不说明结果,其主语通常是人。宾语是代词时要放在add和up中间。
Please add the figures up.请把这些数字加起来。
You haven’t added them up right.你没有把它们加对。
add up to “总共是，总计为( =come to)”，后多跟合计起来的数目，主语通常是figure, number, bill等。该短语不用于被动语态。
The figures add up to 100.这些数字加起来等于100。
add to “增加( = increase)”，其宾语多为difficulty, pleasure, trouble 等抽象名词，add在此为不及物动词。
What I had done added to his trouble.我所做的给他添麻烦了。
add...to... “把.....加到...”，强调动作，add在此为及物动词。
If you add more salt to the dish, it will taste better.
【同步练习】
①By 2020, Chinese will be added_________the list of languages in Ireland’s national exams.
②If you add those four figures_________, it comes to over 500.
③Applying to four companies for a post every month, as far as I know, has added_________
the chances of my brother’s being employed(雇佣).
④He explained the task we faced and_______(补充说) that all the money we collected so far only_________(总共是) half of what we needed and the coming cold weather would definitely(肯定)_________(增加) our difficulty.
Ⅱ.句式
7.while 用作并列连词
教材例句 Americans live in an apartment,while the British live in a flat. 美国人住在"apartment"里，而英国人住在"flat"里。
解析：本句是由并列连词while连接的并列句。while作并列连词时，表示前后分句内容的对比。当 while用于表示转折对比意义时，它和 whereas一样，都与 but 同义，因此把它们都归人并列连词。
Jane is slim while her sister is fat.
Americans talk about putting gas in their cars,whereas in the UK, people put petrol in their cars.
①（2020·全国Ⅲ卷阅读）..she lives on the ground floor,while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
②While my brother is seasick，my sister is airsick.
while 作并列连词时一般是放在句子中间，但个别情况下可以位于句首
③ Some of the studies show positive results,whereas others do not.
8.as..as…同级比较结构 和...一样...
教材例句It's not as confusing as it seems...其实并非看上去那么令人困惑...
"as+形容词/副词的原级 +as..."表示同级比较，意为"和/像…一样……";其否定形式为 not as/so...as..."不如……那样……";此结构的常用句式结构有∶
·as+adj/adv+as... ·as +adj.+a+可数名词单数+as...
·as+many+可数名词复数+as... ·as+much不可数名词+as...
①（2019·天津3月卷阅读）But I did not find my results to be____ ____ ____had hoped they would be.但是我发现我的结果不像我希望的那样好。
② I have read______ _____ _____ ______ _____you have read.我读的书和你读的书一样有趣。
课后自测提升
I.单句语法填空
1.AI,whose function is impressive to us, is short______artificial intelligence.
2.Confucius believed knives would remind people_____killings and were too violent for use at the table.
3.The gym offers advanced equipment.In_________(add),members are free every Tuesday.
4.I wish I could do something more _______ (create) to challenge myself.
5.He struggled to become the president of a large international_________ (organize).
6.He was likely to be__________(familiar) with you,so he didn't say hello to you.
II.翻译句子
1.我喜欢弹钢琴，而她喜欢摄影。（while）
________________________________________________________
遗憾的是，我妻子不像我那样喜欢戏剧。（not as fond of...as...)
________________________________________________________
我们正在写日记，而他们正在读书。（while）
________________________________________________________
初中生和高中生一样努力奋斗。（as hard as）
________________________________________________________
III.语法填空
Tom was a senior high student. He knew English played an important part in many fields 1________ present,so he decided to learn 2____________well.In order to improve his English rapidly,he came to his friend for help. In his friend's opinion,having a good command of English was 3_________(base) on frequent practice. So Tom made full use of his spare time to recite the 4_________(spell)and usages of the words.Besides,he read many famous works of Shakespeare 5________ (enrich) his vocabulary.And he tried to speak English as 6___________(frequent) as possible.7_______(gradual) his English was improved because of 8______ he had done. Now he can speak English 9_______(fluent) and he 10___________(recognize) as one of the top students in his class.He is grateful to his friend for his help.
单元语法
构词法
知识点1 词性转换(转化法)
1.动词转化为名词
通常，动词转化为名词时意义变化不大，多表示与动作本身相关的事物，很容易猜测出词义。
Let’s go out for a walk.
He is a man of strong build.
Let’s have a swim.
Can I have a drink
She had a worried look on her face.
特别提醒：
由动词转化而来的名词常与give, have, make, take, go手动词搭配来表示一个动作。如：
give a kick踢了一脚 take a rest休息
take a bath洗澡 go for a swim去游泳 have a drink喝一杯 have a bet打赌
2.名词转化为动词
很多表示物体、身体部位、某一类人或动物的名词可用作动词。这些由名词转化而来的动词常常表示具有该名词活动特点性质特征的动作，精练而又生动。
(1)表示具体物体的名词转化为动词
book n.书→v.预订
water n.水→v.给....水
mail n.邮件→v.邮寄
ship n.船→v.运送
(2)表示身体部位的名词转化为动词
hand n.手→v.递
face n.脸→v.面对
shoulder n.肩膀→v.扛
head n.头→v.前进
back n.背部→v.后退
(3)表示某一类 人的名词转化为动词
nurse n.护士→v.护理
host n.主人→v.主办
mother n.母亲→v.像母亲般照管
pioneer n.先驱→v.做先
volunteer n.志愿者→v. 自愿做
(4)表示动物的名词转化为动词
snake n.蛇→v.蜿蜒前进
wolf n.狼 →v.狼吞虎咽
fish n.鱼 →v.钓鱼
parrot n.鹦鹉 →v.鹦鹉学舌地说
3.形容词转化为动词
形容词转化为及物动词时多表示“使.....”，转化为不及物动词时多表示“变得.....”
此类词常见的有：
perfect完美的→使完善
slow慢的→放慢
better较好的→改善
empty空的→倒空
dirty脏的→使变脏
smooth光滑的→使平滑
dry 干的→(使....变干)
brave勇敢的→勇敢地面对
4.形容词转化为名词
某些形容词可以用来指代具有它所表示的性质的事物，如表示颜色的形容词。某些形容词与the连用可以表示“某一类人”。如：
white adj.白色的→n.白人
black adj.黑色的→n.黑人
poor adj.贫穷的→(与the连用)n.穷人
old adj.老的→(与the连用)n.老年人
5.副词转化为动词
有一些副词可以转换为动词，如further, near, down等。
She took the new job to further her career.
【同步练习】
1. While she was in Paris, she developed a_________for fine art.
A. way B. relation C. taste D. habit
2. Parents and children should communicate more to the________gap between
them so that they can understand each other better.
A. open B. narrow C. widen D. leave
知识点2 前缀和后缀(派生法)
派生法是指给单词加上前缀或后缀构成新词的构词方法，是构词法中最常见的一种。前缀一般只改变词的意义，不改变词的词性。而后缀常常改变词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性的单词，个别后缀也会改变词的意义。
1.前缀
常见的前缀有：
前缀 例词 前缀 例词
dis- dislike不喜欢 pre- prehistoric史前的preview预演
il- illegal非法的 post- postpone推迟
im-
in-
ir- impossible不可能的 incorrect不正确的 irregular 不规则的 co- co-worker同事 合作
non- non-profit非营利的 inter- international国际的interview面试
un- unfortunate不幸的 auto- automatic自动的autobiography自传
mis- misunderstand误解misfortune不幸 multi- multicultural多元文化的
en- enlarge扩大 over- overload使超载overthrow推翻
re- recycle回收利用 under- underfoot在脚下underestimate低估
2.后缀
(1)常见的名词后缀
后缀 例词 后缀 例词
-er/-ee/-or actor演员reporter记者 employee雇员 -ment disappointment失望 agreement协议movement运动
-ess hostess女主人actress女演员 -ness kindness仁慈tiredness 疲劳
-ant/-ent accountant会计student学生 -hood knighthood骑士身份childhood儿童时代
-(i)an musician音乐家orphan孤儿 -ship hardship艰苦leadership领导身份
-al rival竞争者survival幸存 -ity reality现实equality平等
-ist novelist小说家
socialist社会主义者 -dom freedom 自由 wisdom智慧
-ance -ence performance表演 confidence信心 -ure failure失败exposure暴露
-(t)ion -ation discussion讨论introduction介绍graduation毕业
(2)常见的形容词后缀
后缀 例词 后缀 例词
-able acceptable可接受的 affordable支付得起的 -ful powerful强大的 doubtful有疑问的
-al national国家的chemical化学的 -less homeless无家可归的useless无用的
-en golden金色的wooden 木制的 -some troublesome令人烦恼的
-ing tiring 令人困倦的 -ous humorous幽默的dangerous危险的
-ish childish幼稚的foolish愚蠢的 -ly friendly友好的weekly每周的
-ive expensive昂贵的destructive破坏性的 -y cloudy多云的lucky幸运的
(3)常见的动词后缀
后缀 例词 后缀 例词
-en widen加宽deepen加深 -ize realize实现modernize 使现代化
-fy simplify 使简化beautify美化
(4)常见的副词后缀
后缀 例词
-ly slowly 慢慢地
-ward(s) backward(s)向后
知识点3 合成法
把两个或两个以上的词结合在一起构成个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法，由合成法构成的词叫合成词。
1.合成名词的主要构成方式
构成方式 例词
n.+n. suitcase手提箱mankind人类eggplant茄子
adj.+n. greenhouse温室shorthand速记highway公路blackboard黑板
v.+n. scarecrow稻草人breakwater 防波堤pickpocket扒手playground 操场
adv.+n. inland内陆 overcoat长大衣
adv.+v. outbreak爆发downfall垮台output产量income收入
n.+prep passer-by路人looker-on旁观者
其他方式 well-being健康daybreak 拂晓grown-up大人brother-in-law 妹/姐夫
特别提醒：
合成名词变复数时，通常有以下两种情况：
(1)“名词+名词”构成的合成名词，一般情况下，主体名词变成相应的复数形式，如：boy student→boy students 男学生。如果名词是man/woman，则前后两个名词都用复数形式，如：man doctor→men doctors 男医生。
(2)有些合成名词无主体名词，则在最后一个词的词尾加-或 -es，如：grown-up→grown-ups 大人。
2.合成形容词的主要构成方式
构成方式 例词
adj. + n.-ed warm-hearted热心肠的good-tempered脾气好的
adj. + v-ing good-looking漂亮的easy going随和的
adv. + v-ing hard-working工作努力的far reaching影响深远的
n. + v-ing peace-loving爱好和平的time-saving 节省时间的
n. + v-ed handmade手工制作的snow-covered被雪覆盖的
adv. + v-ed widespread广泛的well-known著名的
adj. /adv. + n. full-time全职的high-class 高级的indoor室内的
n. + adj. worldwide世界各地的snow-white雪白的
num. + n.-ed four-legged 四条腿的 one-eyed 独眼的
num. + n. + ( adj.) eight-year-old八岁的three- metre (-long)三米长的
3.合成动词的主要构成方式
构成方式 例词
n. +v. sunbathe沐日光浴sleepwalk 梦游
adv. /prep.+v. download下载upset 打翻 使烦恼undergo经历
adj. +v. whitewash粉刷broadcast 广播
4.合成副词的主要构成方式
构成方式 例词
adj. +n. hotfoot匆忙地
adv. + adv. however不管多么
prep.+ n. overnight在晚上 一夜之间
prep. + adv. forever永远
5.合成介词的主要构成方式
构成方式 例词
adv. + n. outside在....外面
prep. + adv. within在....之内
合成词的数量很大，有时一个名词可以合成许多新的合成词。
以hand为例：
handshake握手 handwriting书法 handphone手机，移动电话
知识点 4 缩略法
利用词的第一个字母代表一个词组的缩略词，就叫作首字母缩略词。
常见的缩略法有：
构成方式 例词
首字母缩略法 APEC—Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation IT—Information Technology
WTO—World Trade Organization VIP—Very Important Person
截头法 airplane一plane telephone 一phone
去尾法 examination一exam photograph 一photo laboratory一lab
专项练习
I.单句语法填空
1.The method is ___________(certain) creative but we are unfamiliar with it.
2. They performed______(count) good deeds to gain everyone's approval.
3.She spoiled my_________(enjoy) of the film by doing _____uncivilized behavior.
4.It was totally________(understand) that you didn't go with us because you were airsick.
5. We need to find a_______(solve) to the specific problem as soon as possible.
6.Tom always holds the opposing view,so everyone_______(like) him.
7.When she entered the apartment,she noticed a ______(shine) object.
8. The sculpture is one of the most________(success)works of the famous artist.
9.Detroit is a unique city which is famous for the________(product) of cars.
10.She was looking forward to the sports meeting,but_______(luck)it was cancelled because of the weather.
11.This development was only possible with the___________(introduce)of electric-powered engines and elevators.
12.Don't__________(understand)me. What I really mean is that he is unfamiliar with the problem.
13. A campus is a place where students have access to__________(educate).
14.Be________(care) not to go to extremes, and you will overcome the pressure.
15.It is________(fair) to memorize all the words in so little time.
II.先合成词，再填空
A.part,long,passer,film,short,well,cold,baby,get,low
B.by,known,time,maker, wave, sitter, term, together, lying,blooded
1.She wants to take the_____job advertised on the poster.
2.The_____radio can pick up various programmes.
3.Walt Disney,the great__________,showed extraordinary creativity.
4.Actually,the Dead Sea is very_________,at around 430 meters below sea level.
5. We're having a little________to celebrate that he will graduate next month.
6.Their confusing behavior attracted a lot of ____________.
7.It is_______that WTO is short for the World Trade Organization.
8.____________use of fertilizers can cause damage to land resources and people.
9.The man was rather_________ because he didn't comfort the crying child.
10.I want to select a good______to look after my daughter.
III.语法填空
Young people often have 1_______(difficult)selecting the right kind of job.However,for Susan Thomas, woman to rise 2____________(successful) through the ranks to become Chief Constable, it was 3 ______(possible)to consider doing anything else. Her 4_________(educate)was different. She changed schools 11 times! But it made her have the 5________ （able）to adapt（适应） to different situations.
After university，she joined in a police promotion（晋升）programme. She realized later what a great 6_________ (achieve)it was to pass the exam.Before the exam,she received some training. The training was 7_______ (exhaust).The job itself is harder than most people imagine. Susan works ten hours a day. But she convinced that her 8_____ (choose) of carer is the right one.
Section C Developing ideas,Presenting ideas&Reflection
词汇
remind v.提醒，使…想起
reminder n.提醒人的事物
to do sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that.提醒某人……
of sb/sth.使某人想起某人/某事物
与remind sb.of sth.结构相同的短语还有
warn / inform / convince/cure/ rob /rid accuse /suspect+ sb.of sth
①The robot can do things such as reminding an elderly family member________(take) medicine or taking family photos。
②Mom reminded me that I hadn't set the alarm clock.
③（2016·全国Ⅲ卷语法填空）Confucius believed knives would remind people____killings and were too violent for use at the table.
④ Our teacher informed us of the exam next week.我
2.rather adv.相当，颇
常用于本示轻微的批评、失望或惊讶，有时为加强语气，rather 可用在too或比较级前
rather complicated 相当复杂 rather badly相当严重 rather well很不错
rather than 而不是 would rather（常缩写为'd rather）
would rather do..than do...宁愿做……，也不愿做…
would rather（not ）do..宁可（不）做…
would rather+一般过去时的从句，表示与现在或将来的情况相反
+过去完成时的从句，表示与过去的情况相反
①It was rather difficult for him to memorize the poem.
②I was rather surprised to see him with an award.
③ It is better to express your anger,rather than bottle it up.
④I'd rather you didn't tell her about it.我不想让你告诉她此事。（尚未告诉）
⑤I’d rather you hadn't told her about it.我宁愿你没告诉她此事。（已经告诉）
3.comment n.评论;议论;建议;意见v评论;发表意见
make a comment/comments on/about 对……作出评论 have a comment 有意见要发表
give/offer comments 给出/提出意见 get receive comments 收到意见
without comment 不必多说 no comment 无可奉告 通常用于回答记者的提问
a brief/quick comment 简短的评论 a helpful comment 有用的意见
comment on/upon 对……作出评论 comment that.评论说/称…
①It is impolite to make irresponsible comments in the forum.
② My 10-year-old son noticed him and made a comment ____how bad it must be to have to stand outside in the cold wind.
③I don't feel I can comment_____their decision.
④The artists commented that the girl had natural creativity and artistic talent.
4.entrance n.大门（口），入口（处） exit n.出口
the college entrance examination 高考 entrance fees 门票
at the entrance to..…在…的入口 用介词to表示目的、对象等
take an entrance exam参加入学考试
a free exit 消防通道 an emergency exit 紧急出口
the answer to the question 问题的答案 the key to the door 门的钥匙
the solution to the problem 问题的解决办法 the approach to teaching English 英语教学法
①（2021·浙江1月卷阅读）When he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a child,he saw a lady standing in the entrance.
②（2020·全国I 卷阅读）Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance _______the station platforms.
③The experts commented on the new approach to teaching English.
④In order to find the answer_____ this question，he consulted a lot of resources.
actually adv∶事实上，实际上
actual adj.实际的，真实的
actually 多用于口语中，可用于强调真实的情况，也可用于补充新的信息、说明个人观点或开始新的对话。
What time are you actually leaving
I've known her for years. Since we were babies,actually.
"事实上，实际上"的其他表达: in fact,in actual fact,as a matter of fact,in reality,in effect
①I didn't think I'd like the movie,but actually it was pretty good.
②_______(actual),on second thoughts, I don't think I want to go out tonight.
③In actual fact，the entrance to the cave was in front of you.You didn't even notice it.
④I can't say that I had any plans. As a matter of fact,I landed in Britain by chance.
6.error n.错误，谬误
a computer error 计算机出错 a human error 人为的错误
make an error in（doing） sth.在（做）某事中出错
commit an error 犯错
in error =by mistake错误地
by/through trial and error 通过反复试验
①No payments were made last week because of computer error.
②Actually many drugs were found_____ trial and error.事实上，许多药物是通过反复试验而发现的。
③He committed an error and apologized for it.
7.intend v计划，打算
intention n.意图，目的
intend to do sth/doing sth.=be intended to do sth 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sh.打算让某人做某事 intend that..计划…
had intended to do 本打算做…本打算做而实际未做,相当于intended to have done
be intended for专供…使用;专为…而设计
by intention（=by design）故意地
have no intention of doing sth.无意做某事 have every intention of doing sth.一心做某事
with the intention of doing sh.打算做某事
①（2018·全国I卷阅读）What does the author intend to do in paragruph 4
② They intend their son _____(work)in their own company.
③I had intended to remind him of it.but I was too busy at that time.
④ It was a dictionary_________(intend) for a non-native learner.
⑤I have every____________ (intend)of making up my error in work.
8.informal adj.（书写或言谈）非正式的
formal adj.正式的
an informal meeting非正式会议/visit非正式访向
informal clothes便服 a formal talk一次正式的谈话
various formal clothes 各种正式的服装
informal和 formal主要修饰表示会议、会谈、访问、穿看等的名词
①I have mo intention of going to the informal meeting.
②We need to think of a formal title for this article.
③I went to the party in informal clothes.
9.recognise v认识，辨认出 =recognize
recognition n.认识;认出;识别
recognise sb.认出某人 recognise... as/to be...承认/认出…是……
be recognized as/to be...被认为是…… recognise that/wh-从句 承认/意识到……….
我们都承认他是一位英明的领导。
We all recognise him as/to be a wise leader.
=He is recognised as/to be a wise leader by us all.
=We all recognise that he is a wise leader.
It's recognised that..人们公认……… 此为it作形式主语代替主语从句的经典句型
beyond recognition=out of recognition （变得）认不出来
There is a general recognition that...人们普遍认识到…….
①Too many cars were parked outdoors,so I couldn't recognise her car.
② My English teacher is_______(recognise) as one of the best teachers in our school.
③It is______(recognise) that the government should play an important part in wildlife protection.
④ When he returned to his home town after the war,he found it had changed beyond all_______(recognise).
base v.以…为基础 n.基部;基地;基础 basic adj.基本的，基础的;初级的;
basis (pl. bases)基础 basically adv:基本上;从根本上说
base sth.on/upon sth把……建立在……上 be based on/upon.…基于……
at the base of...在…底部/基础上 be based in 总部位于…
base opinions on facts 以事实为依据发表观点
have a broad base of the masses 有广泛的群众基础
return to the air base 返回空军基地
on the basis of sth. 在某事的基础上;根据某事
①In my journal，I set down a series of things that was_____（base）on facts.
② They settled down at the base______the mountain.
③My teaching method_____(base)on the existing resources.
④My friend reminds me that the statement should be made on the_______(base ) of facts.
11.be aware of 意识到，察觉到;了解，知道 aware adj.意识到的，明白的
unaware adj.不知道;没意识到 awareness n.意识
be well/fully aware of 很清楚… become aware of 意识到
be aware that.意识到…. make sb.aware of/that...使某人意识到…
as far as I'm aware 据我所知 be/become unaware of 未意识到/不知道……
raise/increase awareness of 提高……的意识
①It is of importance for you to be aware of your errors during learning process.
②Raising________(aware)of environmental protection is rather important.
③I'm aware that I’ve committed an error.
Ⅱ.句式
12.People/They say that.…据说……
教材例句 People say that the British always play safe with what they eat.据
同义句式∶It is said that... Sb./Sth. is said to do sth. 有时态和语态的变化
在Sb./Sth. is said to do sth.句式中，若事情没做用to do;若事情做了，用 to have done。
It+be+过去分词 +that…
It is reported that...据报道…/announced that…据宣布.../considered that.人们认为…/hoped that..人们希望.../thought that..人们认为…/believed that...人们相信…/suggested that…有人建议……
① People say that he has moved to Chicago. =It's said that he has moved to Chicago.
=He is said to have moved to Chicago.
②______ ______ _________ _____body language accounts for 55 percent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent. 据说身体语言占第一印象的55%，而你说的话只占7%。
③______ ________ ________ _______space station will be built on the moon in years to come.据报道，未来数年内将在月球上建造一个空间站。
不定式作后置定语，修饰years，表示事情尚未发生
13.Sb.spends some time(in )doing sth. 某人花费一些时间做某事。
教材例句 I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper.
例：She spend all her free time painting.
Sb.spends some money （on）doing sth.某人花费一些钱做某事。
Sb.spends some time/money on sth. 某人在某物上花费一些时间/金钱。
It takes（sb.） some time to do sth.做某事花费（某人）一些时间。
Sth.costs sb.some money.某物花费某人一些钱。
It costs sb.some money to do sth.做某事花费某人一些钱。
Sb.pays some money for sth.某人花费一些钱买某物。
①（2020·新高考全国1卷读后续写）She spent a great deal of time_____(visit ) the poor.
②（2019·北京卷七选五）Sports team owners spend millions of dollars______(attract)top talent.
③ It took us all day______(drive)home,making us very tired.
④It costs the girls much money______（rent）a flat.
课后自测提升
一、单词拼写
1.The photos_______（提醒）me of tb days when we struggled together.
2.Customers are asked to give helpful________（意见，建议） on improving recipes.
3._______（实际上），it's not confusing that a word has different meaning in different contexts.
4.I figure that a______（消极的）attitude is one aspect that affects teaming.
5.They provide a______（区域） of the forum to argue about the issue of avatars（虚拟替身）。
6.I’m unfamiliar with the new ___________（资料）I have come across.
7.The man's stranger behavior is______（相当）confusing.
8.The committee is in a building_________（在城镇中心区的）tall
9.During the Orientation Day,the teacher welcomed new students at the_________（入口处）of the campus.
10.I_________（打算） to wind my alarm up so that I could get up on time in the morning.
11.Students_______（认出）their teacher's sculpture at first sight on the exhibition.
12.I’m______（意识到）that it's not likely to contact him by letter.
Ⅱ.短语填空
be based on, be aware of, make a comment on, wind up,remind..of
1.Teachers always_____us_____ some reading skill that we should memorize.
2.Actually,the movie_________ a true story of a misadventure.
3.He was unable to_______________the topic during the debate.It seemed as if he had a frog in his throat.
4.The moment I went to bed,my mother reminded me to_______ ______the alarm clock.
5.The children _________the negative effects of the idea.
6.I came with the
this idea.
III.单句写作
1.The expert_______________（对………没作评论）her collection,which made her a little disappointed.
2.I_______________（打算交换笔记）with a fiend,who graduated from a famous middle school.
3.A sculpture from a famous artist is placed_____________（在入口处）of the library.
4._____________（人们说）the new teaching method can stimulate（激发）children's creativity.
5.They______________________（花费大约一个小时去上班）by bike every day,so they want to take the subway instead.
IV.单句语法填空
1.The committee held an___________(formal) meeting ahead of time to prepare the topic for the meeting.
2._________(actual), there are real and fake posts in the forum.
3.The drivers should raise______________(aware) of safety,especially on highways.
4.This misadventure is a__________(remind) that we must use electricity safely.
5.These dinosaur fossils are beyond__________(recognise)without signs.
6. I came with the ________(intend) of joining the debate,but now I’ve decided to leave.
7.________is said that the drama is a great success.
8.We must spend time_________(practice) playing the piano to take part in the competition.
【核心单词】
1.__________ n.题目，标题 2._______ adj.（观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的
3. ________ adj.独一无二的，独特的 4. ___________ n.类型，种类
5. _____________v.联系，联络 6. __________adj.可能的，可能发生的
7. _________ n.一套住房，公寓套房 8.__________n.一套住房，公寓套房
9. _________n. 上下文，语境 10.__________n.增加物，添加物资料
11.__________n.资料（教学）资源 12. _______ v. 提醒，使…想起
13. _________ adv相当，颇 14. _________ n.评论
15.__________adj.在城镇中心区的,在闹市区的
16.________ n. 大门（口）,入口（处） 17.________ n. 出口
18. _________ n.区域 19. ____________adv. 事实上，实际上
20.________ adj. 消极的，负面的 21.__________n.错误，谬误
【拓展词汇】
1.__________ n. 行为，举止→_______ v.表现，举止
2._________ adj.令人困惑的→_________ v.使困惑→________adj.感到困惑的→_________n. 困惑，疑惑
3._______ v. 显示，反映→___________n.反映，思考，反射
4.___________ n.创造性，创造力→________adj.有创造性的，有创造力的
→__________ n.创造力，创造
5.__________ adj.看得见的，可见的→__________ adj.看不见的
6._________ adj.不熟悉的，不了解的 →________ adj.熟悉的
7.____________n.组织，团体，机构 →________v.组织→________n.组织者8.__________v.计划，打算→_______n.意图，目的，打算
9. _______ adj.（书写或言谈）非正式的→_________adj.正式的
10.____________ v.认识，辨认出→_____________n.认出，识别
11.______ v.以……为基础→________ n.基础;根据
12._________ adj.意识到的，明白的→________ n.意识;认识;感悟能力
Section A
I.词汇
1. according to 据（……所说）;按照……所报道,根据;依照;按照
according to the latest survey 根据最新调查 according to the records 根据纪录
according to the weather report 根据天气预报 according to the police 按照警方的说法
go according to the plan 按照计划进行
Ps：according to 用来引出来自他人或他处的消息，不能与 me或my opinion连用。表达"依我看"可用 in my opinion /view。
according to me(×) according to my opinion(×)
in my opinion(√) as far as I'm concerned(√) according to Mike(√)
①Where do young men go to watch big games according to Jeff
②According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step…
③According to Professor Johnson,we don't have to read the book if we don't want to,as it is optional.
④_______ _______tradition, the school will hold a grand party on New Year's Day.根据传统. 学校在元日的时候将举行感大的晚会。
⑤In my opinion,the title of this passage needs to be improved.我认为这篇文章的标题需要改进。
opposing adj.（观点、意见等）相反的，相对立的
oppose v.反对 opposed adj.对立的
opposite adj.相反的;对面的;对立的prep.在……对面n.对立面，反义词
take /have an opposing view持相反的观点 an opposing team 对方球队
a player from the opposing side 对方的运动员 two opposing camps 两个对立的阵营
拓：oppose doing sth.反对做某事
be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对（做）某事，不赞成（做）某事
be opposite to 与……相反 the opposite of.… …的对立面
in the opposite direction 在相反方向
①When referring to the topic，the senior specialist took an_______（oppose）view.
②Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
③ His parents are opposed_____ the marriage.他的父母反对这桩婚事。
④The gym is ten miles in the opposite direction.
3.behavior n.举止，行为(=behaviour) behave v.表现;举止得体
good/bad behavior 良好/恶劣行为 social behavior 社会行为
one's behavior towards... 某人对……的行为 behavior problems行为问题
change one's behavior 改变某人的行为图 behave oneself守规矩，举止得体
behave well/badly 表现得好/差 behave like/as if/as though 表现得好像….
well-behaved表现好的 badly-behaved 表现差的
①Li Ming has received an award for his good behavior.
②Getting more people to be volunteers can help form good social______（behave）.
③ Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave_____（them）.
④Though under pressure，he behaved as if nothing had happened.
【同步练习】
(1) My cousin Jim didn’t behave___________(he) at the party and thus left
a bad impression on the guests.
(2)The boy_____(behave) well at the banquet and everyone praised his proper_____(behave).
4.confusing adj.令人困惑的
confuse vt.使困惑;（将……）混淆 confused adj.困惑的，糊涂的 confusion n.困惑;混淆
find sth.confusing 觉得……令人困惑 sth. be confusing for sb.某事物令某人困惑
a very confusing experience 让人莫名其妙的经历
confuse sb.使某人困惑 confuse A with B把A和B弄混
be confused about 对……感到困惑
become/get confused 变得困惑 a confused expression 困惑的表情
to avoid confusion 为避免混淆 in confusion 困窘地
①They______ me by asking so many_______questions. I was totally________standing there in______ and not knowing what to do next.(confuse)
②She stepped down，looking_________（confuse）.
③ I always confuse you_______ your sister—you look so alike.
【同步练习】
(1)We can conclude from his _____that this ________look problem really ________him. (confuse)
(2)Be careful not to confuse“abroad”________“aboard”. The two words are very similar.
(3) He looked at me in ________(confuse)and did not answer the question.
(4)When you are confused ______some words in reading, you can refer________ the dictionary.
5.unique adj.独一无二的，独特的;难得的，罕见的;独具的，特有的
a unique style独特的风格 a unique character独特的个性
a unique opportunity 难得的机会 a unique talent 奇才
be unique to..为………所独有
①Each of my cafes will have a different theme and a unique style.
②The sculpture is unique____ this college.该雕像是这所大学独有的。
burn up
burn down 烧毁烧毁，烧尽 burn out（火）烧尽，燃尽;累垮
burn off燃尽;烧掉;消耗能量 burn away烧掉;烧光
burn... to the ground把……彻底焚毁
① The spacecraft burned up as it entered the earth's atmosphere.
②Then nine days later，a fire burned the library to the ground.
7.alarm n.警报器;闹钟v. 使惊恐;使害怕;使担心 alarming adj.惊人的;使人惊恐的
an alarm clock 闹钟 an alarm button 警报器按钮 an alarm signal 警报信号
in alarm 惊慌地，惊恐地
raise/sound the alarm发出警报 set off the alarm 触发警报器 fire alarm火警
an alarming increase 惊人的增长
①（2018·全国Ⅱ卷七选五）Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!
② The rainforests are disappearing at an________（alarm）rate.
are disappearing是现在进行时表将来，即"将要消失"
8.reflect v. 显示,反映;映出（影像）;反射;认真思考 reflection.反映;映像;反射;深思
reflect the views of…反映………的意见
reflect the fact that...反映……这一事实
be reflected in 反映在………中;映在………中
reflect light 反射光线
reflect on/upon 认真思考
be a reflection of是…的反映
on/upon reflection 经过考虑后
one's reflection in the mirror 某人在镜中的影像
①Your frightened expression reflected your real feelings.
②（2019·全国Ⅱ卷阅读）"I reflect_____ how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,"he said.
③Your clothes are often a_______(reflect)of your inner world.
【同步练习】
(1)Our school motto_______(reflect) the importance we place______good manners, hard work and success.
(2)The lake is calm and clear, and one of the things that are reflected the_______water is the
famous tower.
(3)I think you should stop for a moment and reflect ________your success and failure.
(4)(2018河南信阳模考)What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen
by others as a valuable moment of________(reflect) and a sign of respect for what the last speaker has said.
9.creativity n.创造性，创造力 create v.创造;创作 creative adj.有创造力的;创造（性）的
artistic creativity 艺术创造力 have creativity 有创造力
express/show creativity 表达/展示创造力 develop/encourage creativity培养/激发创造力
create wealth创造财富 create new jobs创造新的工作岗位 creative thinking创造性思维
①To develop one's______(create),one must first learn to be confident.
②（2019·全国Ⅲ卷短文改错）In the cafe，customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment that_______（create） for them.
③The idea for the poster is______(create).
10.wind up 给（机械）上发条;使（活动、会议等）结束
wind up the clock给钟表上发条 wind up the discussion/meeting 结束讨论/会议
wind up doing sth.以做某事告终
It's time to wind things up.到事情结束的时候了。
wind the car window up/down 把车窗摇上去/摇下来
wind up/down to..蜿蜒通向…… wind one's way along 沿……蜿蜒伸展图
wind的过去式、过去分词均为 wound。
① We need to wind_______ now. We only have five minutes left.我们现在该结束了，只剩5分钟的时间了。
②（2018·北京卷阅读）Almost half of that winds up in landfills,and up to 12 million tons pollute the ocean ans.
③Wind your car window down so that you can have a better view of the scene outside.
Ⅱ.句式
11.have trouble(in )doing sth.做某事有困难
教材例句 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English 你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学英语很困难
例 He is having trouble getting his message across to his friends.他难以向他的朋友们传达自己的意思。
拓展：have difficulty（in）doing sth.做某事有困难
have no trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth.毫不费力地做某事
have a hard/difficult time (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
have trouble/difficulty with sth.在……方面有困难
例The driver had difficulty starting his engine on such a cold day.在这样寒冷的天气里，司机很难发动引擎。
①I have trouble in memorizing English words，so I'm ready to learn Japanese.
②You can't imagine what difficulty we had_______（walk）home in the snowstorm.
③The local people have no trouble exchanging a few words with the foreigner.
④ By then,Steve was having a hard time______(remember)the names of some of his friends.
12.表示否定意义的词位于句首引起倒装
教材例句 Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. 而 pineapple（菠萝）里既分析：没有 pine（松树），也没有 apple（苹果）。
neither 表示否定意义，位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序。neither.nor…意为"既不……也不……"。
拓展：表示否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序，即把系动词be、助动词或情态动词放到主语之前。这样的词或短语有 never，neither，nor,hardly,rarely, seldom, little, by no means,in no way,at no time, on no account 等。
①Neither was the price of traveling satisfactory,nor was the schedule suitable for me.
②The professor warned the students that on no account _________ _______ _______mobile phones in his class.那位教授告诫学生们，他们绝不应该在他的课上使用手机。
13.分词的独立结构
教材例句 And speaking of home, why aren't homework and housework the same thing
分析：有的分词（短语）可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑上的主语，实际上已经成了习惯短语。例如∶talking/speaking of，generally speaking（总体而言，一般说来），frankly speaking（坦白说），judging from/by（根据……判断），supposing（假设，已由分词转化为连词），providing/provided（只要，如果……的话，已由分词转化为介词），considering/given（考虑到，已由分词转化为介词）等。
例 Speaking of Harry,have you seen him recently
Judging from his tone, there's no doubt he is against it.
We'll buy everything you produce, provided of course the price is right.
①Speaking of table manners,keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal.
②__________(speak)of teachers,I can't forget my parents, who have taught me the importance of work ethic and how to tell right from wrong.
③Generally speaking，your arrival shouldn't be later than the fixed time.
④_________(judge)from the way he laughed as he told it，it was meant to be humorous.
⑤Supposing(that)you are wrong, what will you do then
⑥The other banks are going to be very eager to help,provided that they see that he has a specific plan.
⑦She's very active,considering her age.
14.That/This/lt is why+结果. 那/这就是为什么…（why 引导表语从句）
教材例句 That is why when the stars are out,they are visible,but when the lights are out, they are invisible.
拓展："That/This/It is because+原因."意为"那/这是因为…（because 引导表语从句）"。"The reason（why..）is that."意为"（…的）原因是…（why引导定语从句，that 引导表语从句）"。
He was ill.That's why he was taken to the hospital.。
He was taken to the hospital.That's because he was ill.
The reason why he was taken to the hospital was that he was ill.
①（2020·全国Ⅱ卷语法填空）This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers carries special significance.
②That's_______I want to be a dolphin trainer in the future.那就是未来我想成为一名海豚训练员的原因。
③ From space,the earth looks blue.This is______about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%被水覆盖。
④The reason______he looked frightened was______he saw a snake on the road.他看起来害怕的原因是他在路上看到了一条蛇。
课后自测提升
I.单词拼写
1.The soldiers went all out to battle against the______（对立的）army all day.
2.His good______（行为）gained the praise of his classmates.
3.He burned up the famous painting,which was ______________（令人困惑的）.
4.This sculpture is________（独一无二的）;it has made a deep impression on us.
5.This__________（反映）how you use your creativity to explore the unknown world.
6. She is teaching senior high school students how to______（雕刻）in an art class.
7.The boy was_______（想家的） when he saw the pineapple sent by his mother.
8.I set the_____（警报）clock for 7 pm so that I could see the drama performance on time.
9.The sculpture shows the sculptor's extraordinary ________（创造力）.
10.The rain had stopped and a rainbow was______（看得见的）over the mountains. II.单句写作
II.单句写作
1.We will subscribe to magazines_______（根据）our personal interests.
2.The whole family was in panic because the fire______（烧尽）everything and the house was_______（烧毁）.
3.In order to catch up with the first subway,remember to_______（给……上发条）the clock.
4.The students graduating from university _____________（应对现实有困难）.
5.__________（那就是为什么）he wanted to improve his teaching method.
6._________（谈到）his confusing behavior,I don't know what to say.
III.单句语法填空
1. She wanted to improve the child's_________(behave).
2.His topic is so________(confuse)that it is hard to understand.
3.Journals are the_________(reflect) of one's inner world.
4.Although they chose the same major,their schedules are_________(oppose).
5.They have trouble_______(gain )the opportunity because their conditions are not enough.
6.He is airsick; that is_______he likes traveling by train.
7.After he graduated, he has been working on__________ (sculpt).
8.At the meeting, he referred to the importance of developing students'___（create）.
Section B
词汇
type n.类型，种类 vt.&vi.打字
typist n.打字员
of this/that type 这种/那种类型的 a type of一种类型的
all types of各种类型的
type...into把……键入（计算机）
type the letters 打信件 type with one's fingers 用手指打字
近义词kind，sort
a type/kind/sort of一种……. all types/kinds/sorts of 各种各样的
①It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with.
②This word is used as a title，so you need______（type）the capitalized letters.
2.come across①偶然发现-run into/meet by chance ②被理解
come across an old friend 碰到一位老朋友
come across this book in a old bookstore 在一家旧书店里发现这本书
come about 发生（常与 how 连用） come out 出现;开花;出版，发表;透露
come to 合计;总共 come up with提出，想出 come true 实现，成真
come over 过来;顺便来访 come on 快点，开始 come from来自;出生于
① Can you tell me what you came across yesterday evening
② He spoke for a long time,but his meaning did not come________ .
③When walking down the street，I____ ______David,whom I hadn't seen for years.
④We need to ______ _______ ______specific measures to solve this problem.
3.unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的，不了解的
be unfamiliar with 对………不熟悉
be unfamiliar to 为……所不熟知围
否定前缀∶un-
unusual adj.异常的，不平常的 unfold v.（卷着的东西）展开，打开
① She speaks no Japanese and is unfamiliar_______Japanese culture.
② She grew many wonderful plants that were unfamiliar to me.
4.contact v.联系，联络n.【U】联系;接触
contact sb. immediately/directly 立即/直接与某人联系
contact sb.by email/telephone 通过电子邮件/电话与某人联系
make contact with sb/get in contact with sb.与某人取得联系
keep in contact with sb.与某人保持联系 have contact with sb.与某人接触
lose contact with sb.与某人失去联系 be in contact with sb.与某人有联系
physical/ eye contact身体/眼神接触
形近词 contract n.合同v.收缩
①Contact me directly if you come across difficulties.
②I finally made contact with her in Paris last year
③It's unusual for a squirrel to have any contact people.
④I have been_____contact with my English teacher after graduating from my senior high school.
5.likely adj.可能的，可能发生的 adv.很可能
unlikely adj. 不可能的
"It is/was likely+that 从句.=Sb/Sth. be likely to do sth."，意为"很可能……",主语既可以是人也可以是物。
It is+possible for sb.to do sth. /possible+ that从句. /probable+that 从句.
possible和 probable 作表语时不能用人作主语
①The young man didn't find the organization. He was likely_____(be) unfamiliar with that area.
②While_____is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings.虽然他可能对这些书理解得很少，但这些书引导他研究古典绘画。
③What is the man most likely to have for dinner
6.addition n.增加物，添加物 add v.增加，添加
an addition to……的添加物
in addition除此之外，此外 可用于句首、句中成句末。用于句首或句中时，通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开
·in addition"除此之外，此外".是介词短语，单独作状语;
·in addition to"除……以外（还）"，是短语介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词，相当于介词 besides和短语介词 as well as，apart from。
In addition to swimming,she likes playing the guitar.
①The products are of high quality. In addition,the price is low.
②___ ____,I can see different kinds of beautiful birds.此外，我可以看到不同种类的美丽的鸟儿。
③_____ ______the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.除了学校，村里还有一家诊所，也是在政府的援助下建成的。
④ In addition to______(read)for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration.
add (1)vt.&vi.加 vt. 增加，添加
add...to...把...加到...里(常用added to...作后置定语)
add to增加，增添
add sth. up = add up sth.把...加起来
add up to总共是，总计为
The fire is going out; will you add some wood to the fire
The dictionary is out of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
The bike-sharing service adds to the convenience of the traffic in the city.
The time I spend on paperwork every day adds up to six hours.
(2)v.补充说，继续说
常见搭配：add that...补充说....(在句中常用adding that...作状语)
He expressed his satisfaction with the trip and added that he would come again.
辨析比较：add up... / add up to/ add to/ add... to...
易混词组 区别
add up “把...加起来”，只强调“加起来”，不说明结果,其主语通常是人。宾语是代词时要放在add和up中间。
Please add the figures up.请把这些数字加起来。
You haven’t added them up right.你没有把它们加对。
add up to “总共是，总计为( =come to)”，后多跟合计起来的数目，主语通常是figure, number, bill等。该短语不用于被动语态。
The figures add up to 100.这些数字加起来等于100。
add to “增加( = increase)”，其宾语多为difficulty, pleasure, trouble 等抽象名词，add在此为不及物动词。
What I had done added to his trouble.我所做的给他添麻烦了。
add...to... “把.....加到...”，强调动作，add在此为及物动词。
If you add more salt to the dish, it will taste better.
【同步练习】
①By 2020, Chinese will be added_________the list of languages in Ireland’s national exams.
②If you add those four figures_________, it comes to over 500.
③Applying to four companies for a post every month, as far as I know, has added_________
the chances of my brother’s being employed(雇佣).
④He explained the task we faced and_______(补充说) that all the money we collected so far only_________(总共是) half of what we needed and the coming cold weather would definitely(肯定)_________(增加) our difficulty.
Ⅱ.句式
7.while 用作并列连词
教材例句 Americans live in an apartment,while the British live in a flat. 美国人住在"apartment"里，而英国人住在"flat"里。
解析：本句是由并列连词while连接的并列句。while作并列连词时，表示前后分句内容的对比。当 while用于表示转折对比意义时，它和 whereas一样，都与 but 同义，因此把它们都归人并列连词。
Jane is slim while her sister is fat.
Americans talk about putting gas in their cars,whereas in the UK, people put petrol in their cars.
①（2020·全国Ⅲ卷阅读）..she lives on the ground floor,while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
②While my brother is seasick，my sister is airsick.
while 作并列连词时一般是放在句子中间，但个别情况下可以位于句首
③ Some of the studies show positive results,whereas others do not.
8.as..as…同级比较结构 和...一样...
教材例句It's not as confusing as it seems...其实并非看上去那么令人困惑...
"as+形容词/副词的原级 +as..."表示同级比较，意为"和/像…一样……";其否定形式为 not as/so...as..."不如……那样……";此结构的常用句式结构有∶
·as+adj/adv+as... ·as +adj.+a+可数名词单数+as...
·as+many+可数名词复数+as... ·as+much不可数名词+as...
①（2019·天津3月卷阅读）But I did not find my results to be____ ____ ____had hoped they would be.但是我发现我的结果不像我希望的那样好。
② I have read______ _____ _____ ______ _____you have read.我读的书和你读的书一样有趣。
课后自测提升
I.单句语法填空
1.AI,whose function is impressive to us, is short______artificial intelligence.
2.Confucius believed knives would remind people_____killings and were too violent for use at the table.
3.The gym offers advanced equipment.In_________(add),members are free every Tuesday.
4.I wish I could do something more _______ (create) to challenge myself.
5.He struggled to become the president of a large international_________ (organize).
6.He was likely to be__________(familiar) with you,so he didn't say hello to you.
II.翻译句子
1.我喜欢弹钢琴，而她喜欢摄影。（while）
________________________________________________________
遗憾的是，我妻子不像我那样喜欢戏剧。（not as fond of...as...)
________________________________________________________
我们正在写日记，而他们正在读书。（while）
________________________________________________________
初中生和高中生一样努力奋斗。（as hard as）
________________________________________________________
III.语法填空
Tom was a senior high student. He knew English played an important part in many fields 1________ present,so he decided to learn 2____________well.In order to improve his English rapidly,he came to his friend for help. In his friend's opinion,having a good command of English was 3_________(base) on frequent practice. So Tom made full use of his spare time to recite the 4_________(spell)and usages of the words.Besides,he read many famous works of Shakespeare 5________ (enrich) his vocabulary.And he tried to speak English as 6___________(frequent) as possible.7_______(gradual) his English was improved because of 8______ he had done. Now he can speak English 9_______(fluent) and he 10___________(recognize) as one of the top students in his class.He is grateful to his friend for his help.
单元语法
构词法
知识点1 词性转换(转化法)
1.动词转化为名词
通常，动词转化为名词时意义变化不大，多表示与动作本身相关的事物，很容易猜测出词义。
Let’s go out for a walk.
He is a man of strong build.
Let’s have a swim.
Can I have a drink
She had a worried look on her face.
特别提醒：
由动词转化而来的名词常与give, have, make, take, go手动词搭配来表示一个动作。如：
give a kick踢了一脚 take a rest休息
take a bath洗澡 go for a swim去游泳 have a drink喝一杯 have a bet打赌
2.名词转化为动词
很多表示物体、身体部位、某一类人或动物的名词可用作动词。这些由名词转化而来的动词常常表示具有该名词活动特点性质特征的动作，精练而又生动。
(1)表示具体物体的名词转化为动词
book n.书→v.预订
water n.水→v.给....水
mail n.邮件→v.邮寄
ship n.船→v.运送
(2)表示身体部位的名词转化为动词
hand n.手→v.递
face n.脸→v.面对
shoulder n.肩膀→v.扛
head n.头→v.前进
back n.背部→v.后退
(3)表示某一类 人的名词转化为动词
nurse n.护士→v.护理
host n.主人→v.主办
mother n.母亲→v.像母亲般照管
pioneer n.先驱→v.做先
volunteer n.志愿者→v. 自愿做
(4)表示动物的名词转化为动词
snake n.蛇→v.蜿蜒前进
wolf n.狼 →v.狼吞虎咽
fish n.鱼 →v.钓鱼
parrot n.鹦鹉 →v.鹦鹉学舌地说
3.形容词转化为动词
形容词转化为及物动词时多表示“使.....”，转化为不及物动词时多表示“变得.....”
此类词常见的有：
perfect完美的→使完善
slow慢的→放慢
better较好的→改善
empty空的→倒空
dirty脏的→使变脏
smooth光滑的→使平滑
dry 干的→(使....变干)
brave勇敢的→勇敢地面对
4.形容词转化为名词
某些形容词可以用来指代具有它所表示的性质的事物，如表示颜色的形容词。某些形容词与the连用可以表示“某一类人”。如：
white adj.白色的→n.白人
black adj.黑色的→n.黑人
poor adj.贫穷的→(与the连用)n.穷人
old adj.老的→(与the连用)n.老年人
5.副词转化为动词
有一些副词可以转换为动词，如further, near, down等。
She took the new job to further her career.
【同步练习】
1. While she was in Paris, she developed a_________for fine art.
A. way B. relation C. taste D. habit
2. Parents and children should communicate more to the________gap between
them so that they can understand each other better.
A. open B. narrow C. widen D. leave
知识点2 前缀和后缀(派生法)
派生法是指给单词加上前缀或后缀构成新词的构词方法，是构词法中最常见的一种。前缀一般只改变词的意义，不改变词的词性。而后缀常常改变词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性的单词，个别后缀也会改变词的意义。
1.前缀
常见的前缀有：
前缀 例词 前缀 例词
dis- dislike不喜欢 pre- prehistoric史前的preview预演
il- illegal非法的 post- postpone推迟
im-
in-
ir- impossible不可能的 incorrect不正确的 irregular 不规则的 co- co-worker同事 合作
non- non-profit非营利的 inter- international国际的interview面试
un- unfortunate不幸的 auto- automatic自动的autobiography自传
mis- misunderstand误解misfortune不幸 multi- multicultural多元文化的
en- enlarge扩大 over- overload使超载overthrow推翻
re- recycle回收利用 under- underfoot在脚下underestimate低估
2.后缀
(1)常见的名词后缀
后缀 例词 后缀 例词
-er/-ee/-or actor演员reporter记者 employee雇员 -ment disappointment失望 agreement协议movement运动
-ess hostess女主人actress女演员 -ness kindness仁慈tiredness 疲劳
-ant/-ent accountant会计student学生 -hood knighthood骑士身份childhood儿童时代
-(i)an musician音乐家orphan孤儿 -ship hardship艰苦leadership领导身份
-al rival竞争者survival幸存 -ity reality现实equality平等
-ist novelist小说家
socialist社会主义者 -dom freedom 自由 wisdom智慧
-ance -ence performance表演 confidence信心 -ure failure失败exposure暴露
-(t)ion -ation discussion讨论introduction介绍graduation毕业
(2)常见的形容词后缀
后缀 例词 后缀 例词
-able acceptable可接受的 affordable支付得起的 -ful powerful强大的 doubtful有疑问的
-al national国家的chemical化学的 -less homeless无家可归的useless无用的
-en golden金色的wooden 木制的 -some troublesome令人烦恼的
-ing tiring 令人困倦的 -ous humorous幽默的dangerous危险的
-ish childish幼稚的foolish愚蠢的 -ly friendly友好的weekly每周的
-ive expensive昂贵的destructive破坏性的 -y cloudy多云的lucky幸运的
(3)常见的动词后缀
后缀 例词 后缀 例词
-en widen加宽deepen加深 -ize realize实现modernize 使现代化
-fy simplify 使简化beautify美化
(4)常见的副词后缀
后缀 例词
-ly slowly 慢慢地
-ward(s) backward(s)向后
知识点3 合成法
把两个或两个以上的词结合在一起构成个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法，由合成法构成的词叫合成词。
1.合成名词的主要构成方式
构成方式 例词
n.+n. suitcase手提箱mankind人类eggplant茄子
adj.+n. greenhouse温室shorthand速记highway公路blackboard黑板
v.+n. scarecrow稻草人breakwater 防波堤pickpocket扒手playground 操场
adv.+n. inland内陆 overcoat长大衣
adv.+v. outbreak爆发downfall垮台output产量income收入
n.+prep passer-by路人looker-on旁观者
其他方式 well-being健康daybreak 拂晓grown-up大人brother-in-law 妹/姐夫
特别提醒：
合成名词变复数时，通常有以下两种情况：
(1)“名词+名词”构成的合成名词，一般情况下，主体名词变成相应的复数形式，如：boy student→boy students 男学生。如果名词是man/woman，则前后两个名词都用复数形式，如：man doctor→men doctors 男医生。
(2)有些合成名词无主体名词，则在最后一个词的词尾加-或 -es，如：grown-up→grown-ups 大人。
2.合成形容词的主要构成方式
构成方式 例词
adj. + n.-ed warm-hearted热心肠的good-tempered脾气好的
adj. + v-ing good-looking漂亮的easy going随和的
adv. + v-ing hard-working工作努力的far reaching影响深远的
n. + v-ing peace-loving爱好和平的time-saving 节省时间的
n. + v-ed handmade手工制作的snow-covered被雪覆盖的
adv. + v-ed widespread广泛的well-known著名的
adj. /adv. + n. full-time全职的high-class 高级的indoor室内的
n. + adj. worldwide世界各地的snow-white雪白的
num. + n.-ed four-legged 四条腿的 one-eyed 独眼的
num. + n. + ( adj.) eight-year-old八岁的three- metre (-long)三米长的
3.合成动词的主要构成方式
构成方式 例词
n. +v. sunbathe沐日光浴sleepwalk 梦游
adv. /prep.+v. download下载upset 打翻 使烦恼undergo经历
adj. +v. whitewash粉刷broadcast 广播
4.合成副词的主要构成方式
构成方式 例词
adj. +n. hotfoot匆忙地
adv. + adv. however不管多么
prep.+ n. overnight在晚上 一夜之间
prep. + adv. forever永远
5.合成介词的主要构成方式
构成方式 例词
adv. + n. outside在....外面
prep. + adv. within在....之内
合成词的数量很大，有时一个名词可以合成许多新的合成词。
以hand为例：
handshake握手 handwriting书法 handphone手机，移动电话
知识点 4 缩略法
利用词的第一个字母代表一个词组的缩略词，就叫作首字母缩略词。
常见的缩略法有：
构成方式 例词
首字母缩略法 APEC—Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation IT—Information Technology
WTO—World Trade Organization VIP—Very Important Person
截头法 airplane一plane telephone 一phone
去尾法 examination一exam photograph 一photo laboratory一lab
专项练习
I.单句语法填空
1.The method is ___________(certain) creative but we are unfamiliar with it.
2. They performed______(count) good deeds to gain everyone's approval.
3.She spoiled my_________(enjoy) of the film by doing _____uncivilized behavior.
4.It was totally________(understand) that you didn't go with us because you were airsick.
5. We need to find a_______(solve) to the specific problem as soon as possible.
6.Tom always holds the opposing view,so everyone_______(like) him.
7.When she entered the apartment,she noticed a ______(shine) object.
8. The sculpture is one of the most________(success)works of the famous artist.
9.Detroit is a unique city which is famous for the________(product) of cars.
10.She was looking forward to the sports meeting,but_______(luck)it was cancelled because of the weather.
11.This development was only possible with the___________(introduce)of electric-powered engines and elevators.
12.Don't__________(understand)me. What I really mean is that he is unfamiliar with the problem.
13. A campus is a place where students have access to__________(educate).
14.Be________(care) not to go to extremes, and you will overcome the pressure.
15.It is________(fair) to memorize all the words in so little time.
II.先合成词，再填空
A.part,long,passer,film,short,well,cold,baby,get,low
B.by,known,time,maker, wave, sitter, term, together, lying,blooded
1.She wants to take the_____job advertised on the poster.
2.The_____radio can pick up various programmes.
3.Walt Disney,the great__________,showed extraordinary creativity.
4.Actually,the Dead Sea is very_________,at around 430 meters below sea level.
5. We're having a little________to celebrate that he will graduate next month.
6.Their confusing behavior attracted a lot of ____________.
7.It is_______that WTO is short for the World Trade Organization.
8.____________use of fertilizers can cause damage to land resources and people.
9.The man was rather_________ because he didn't comfort the crying child.
10.I want to select a good______to look after my daughter.
III.语法填空
Young people often have 1_______(difficult)selecting the right kind of job.However,for Susan Thomas, woman to rise 2____________(successful) through the ranks to become Chief Constable, it was 3 ______(possible)to consider doing anything else. Her 4_________(educate)was different. She changed schools 11 times! But it made her have the 5________ （able）to adapt（适应） to different situations.
After university，she joined in a police promotion（晋升）programme. She realized later what a great 6_________ (achieve)it was to pass the exam.Before the exam,she received some training. The training was 7_______ (exhaust).The job itself is harder than most people imagine. Susan works ten hours a day. But she convinced that her 8_____ (choose) of carer is the right one.
Section C Developing ideas,Presenting ideas&Reflection
词汇
remind v.提醒，使…想起
reminder n.提醒人的事物
to do sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that.提醒某人……
of sb/sth.使某人想起某人/某事物
与remind sb.of sth.结构相同的短语还有
warn / inform / convince/cure/ rob /rid accuse /suspect+ sb.of sth
①The robot can do things such as reminding an elderly family member________(take) medicine or taking family photos。
②Mom reminded me that I hadn't set the alarm clock.
③（2016·全国Ⅲ卷语法填空）Confucius believed knives would remind people____killings and were too violent for use at the table.
④ Our teacher informed us of the exam next week.我
2.rather adv.相当，颇
常用于本示轻微的批评、失望或惊讶，有时为加强语气，rather 可用在too或比较级前
rather complicated 相当复杂 rather badly相当严重 rather well很不错
rather than 而不是 would rather（常缩写为'd rather）
would rather do..than do...宁愿做……，也不愿做…
would rather（not ）do..宁可（不）做…
would rather+一般过去时的从句，表示与现在或将来的情况相反
+过去完成时的从句，表示与过去的情况相反
①It was rather difficult for him to memorize the poem.
②I was rather surprised to see him with an award.
③ It is better to express your anger,rather than bottle it up.
④I'd rather you didn't tell her about it.我不想让你告诉她此事。（尚未告诉）
⑤I’d rather you hadn't told her about it.我宁愿你没告诉她此事。（已经告诉）
3.comment n.评论;议论;建议;意见v评论;发表意见
make a comment/comments on/about 对……作出评论 have a comment 有意见要发表
give/offer comments 给出/提出意见 get receive comments 收到意见
without comment 不必多说 no comment 无可奉告 通常用于回答记者的提问
a brief/quick comment 简短的评论 a helpful comment 有用的意见
comment on/upon 对……作出评论 comment that.评论说/称…
①It is impolite to make irresponsible comments in the forum.
② My 10-year-old son noticed him and made a comment ____how bad it must be to have to stand outside in the cold wind.
③I don't feel I can comment_____their decision.
④The artists commented that the girl had natural creativity and artistic talent.
4.entrance n.大门（口），入口（处） exit n.出口
the college entrance examination 高考 entrance fees 门票
at the entrance to..…在…的入口 用介词to表示目的、对象等
take an entrance exam参加入学考试
a free exit 消防通道 an emergency exit 紧急出口
the answer to the question 问题的答案 the key to the door 门的钥匙
the solution to the problem 问题的解决办法 the approach to teaching English 英语教学法
①（2021·浙江1月卷阅读）When he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a child,he saw a lady standing in the entrance.
②（2020·全国I 卷阅读）Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance _______the station platforms.
③The experts commented on the new approach to teaching English.
④In order to find the answer_____ this question，he consulted a lot of resources.
actually adv∶事实上，实际上
actual adj.实际的，真实的
actually 多用于口语中，可用于强调真实的情况，也可用于补充新的信息、说明个人观点或开始新的对话。
What time are you actually leaving
I've known her for years. Since we were babies,actually.
"事实上，实际上"的其他表达: in fact,in actual fact,as a matter of fact,in reality,in effect
①I didn't think I'd like the movie,but actually it was pretty good.
②_______(actual),on second thoughts, I don't think I want to go out tonight.
③In actual fact，the entrance to the cave was in front of you.You didn't even notice it.
④I can't say that I had any plans. As a matter of fact,I landed in Britain by chance.
6.error n.错误，谬误
a computer error 计算机出错 a human error 人为的错误
make an error in（doing） sth.在（做）某事中出错
commit an error 犯错
in error =by mistake错误地
by/through trial and error 通过反复试验
①No payments were made last week because of computer error.
②Actually many drugs were found_____ trial and error.事实上，许多药物是通过反复试验而发现的。
③He committed an error and apologized for it.
7.intend v计划，打算
intention n.意图，目的
intend to do sth/doing sth.=be intended to do sth 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sh.打算让某人做某事 intend that..计划…
had intended to do 本打算做…本打算做而实际未做,相当于intended to have done
be intended for专供…使用;专为…而设计
by intention（=by design）故意地
have no intention of doing sth.无意做某事 have every intention of doing sth.一心做某事
with the intention of doing sh.打算做某事
①（2018·全国I卷阅读）What does the author intend to do in paragruph 4
② They intend their son _____(work)in their own company.
③I had intended to remind him of it.but I was too busy at that time.
④ It was a dictionary_________(intend) for a non-native learner.
⑤I have every____________ (intend)of making up my error in work.
8.informal adj.（书写或言谈）非正式的
formal adj.正式的
an informal meeting非正式会议/visit非正式访向
informal clothes便服 a formal talk一次正式的谈话
various formal clothes 各种正式的服装
informal和 formal主要修饰表示会议、会谈、访问、穿看等的名词
①I have mo intention of going to the informal meeting.
②We need to think of a formal title for this article.
③I went to the party in informal clothes.
9.recognise v认识，辨认出 =recognize
recognition n.认识;认出;识别
recognise sb.认出某人 recognise... as/to be...承认/认出…是……
be recognized as/to be...被认为是…… recognise that/wh-从句 承认/意识到……….
我们都承认他是一位英明的领导。
We all recognise him as/to be a wise leader.
=He is recognised as/to be a wise leader by us all.
=We all recognise that he is a wise leader.
It's recognised that..人们公认……… 此为it作形式主语代替主语从句的经典句型
beyond recognition=out of recognition （变得）认不出来
There is a general recognition that...人们普遍认识到…….
①Too many cars were parked outdoors,so I couldn't recognise her car.
② My English teacher is_______(recognise) as one of the best teachers in our school.
③It is______(recognise) that the government should play an important part in wildlife protection.
④ When he returned to his home town after the war,he found it had changed beyond all_______(recognise).
base v.以…为基础 n.基部;基地;基础 basic adj.基本的，基础的;初级的;
basis (pl. bases)基础 basically adv:基本上;从根本上说
base sth.on/upon sth把……建立在……上 be based on/upon.…基于……
at the base of...在…底部/基础上 be based in 总部位于…
base opinions on facts 以事实为依据发表观点
have a broad base of the masses 有广泛的群众基础
return to the air base 返回空军基地
on the basis of sth. 在某事的基础上;根据某事
①In my journal，I set down a series of things that was_____（base）on facts.
② They settled down at the base______the mountain.
③My teaching method_____(base)on the existing resources.
④My friend reminds me that the statement should be made on the_______(base ) of facts.
11.be aware of 意识到，察觉到;了解，知道 aware adj.意识到的，明白的
unaware adj.不知道;没意识到 awareness n.意识
be well/fully aware of 很清楚… become aware of 意识到
be aware that.意识到…. make sb.aware of/that...使某人意识到…
as far as I'm aware 据我所知 be/become unaware of 未意识到/不知道……
raise/increase awareness of 提高……的意识
①It is of importance for you to be aware of your errors during learning process.
②Raising________(aware)of environmental protection is rather important.
③I'm aware that I’ve committed an error.
Ⅱ.句式
12.People/They say that.…据说……
教材例句 People say that the British always play safe with what they eat.据
同义句式∶It is said that... Sb./Sth. is said to do sth. 有时态和语态的变化
在Sb./Sth. is said to do sth.句式中，若事情没做用to do;若事情做了，用 to have done。
It+be+过去分词 +that…
It is reported that...据报道…/announced that…据宣布.../considered that.人们认为…/hoped that..人们希望.../thought that..人们认为…/believed that...人们相信…/suggested that…有人建议……
① People say that he has moved to Chicago. =It's said that he has moved to Chicago.
=He is said to have moved to Chicago.
②______ ______ _________ _____body language accounts for 55 percent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent. 据说身体语言占第一印象的55%，而你说的话只占7%。
③______ ________ ________ _______space station will be built on the moon in years to come.据报道，未来数年内将在月球上建造一个空间站。
不定式作后置定语，修饰years，表示事情尚未发生
13.Sb.spends some time(in )doing sth. 某人花费一些时间做某事。
教材例句 I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper.
例：She spend all her free time painting.
Sb.spends some money （on）doing sth.某人花费一些钱做某事。
Sb.spends some time/money on sth. 某人在某物上花费一些时间/金钱。
It takes（sb.） some time to do sth.做某事花费（某人）一些时间。
Sth.costs sb.some money.某物花费某人一些钱。
It costs sb.some money to do sth.做某事花费某人一些钱。
Sb.pays some money for sth.某人花费一些钱买某物。
①（2020·新高考全国1卷读后续写）She spent a great deal of time_____(visit ) the poor.
②（2019·北京卷七选五）Sports team owners spend millions of dollars______(attract)top talent.
③ It took us all day______(drive)home,making us very tired.
④It costs the girls much money______（rent）a flat.
课后自测提升
一、单词拼写
1.The photos_______（提醒）me of tb days when we struggled together.
2.Customers are asked to give helpful________（意见，建议） on improving recipes.
3._______（实际上），it's not confusing that a word has different meaning in different contexts.
4.I figure that a______（消极的）attitude is one aspect that affects teaming.
5.They provide a______（区域） of the forum to argue about the issue of avatars（虚拟替身）。
6.I’m unfamiliar with the new ___________（资料）I have come across.
7.The man's stranger behavior is______（相当）confusing.
8.The committee is in a building_________（在城镇中心区的）tall
9.During the Orientation Day,the teacher welcomed new students at the_________（入口处）of the campus.
10.I_________（打算） to wind my alarm up so that I could get up on time in the morning.
11.Students_______（认出）their teacher's sculpture at first sight on the exhibition.
12.I’m______（意识到）that it's not likely to contact him by letter.
Ⅱ.短语填空
be based on, be aware of, make a comment on, wind up,remind..of
1.Teachers always_____us_____ some reading skill that we should memorize.
2.Actually,the movie_________ a true story of a misadventure.
3.He was unable to_______________the topic during the debate.It seemed as if he had a frog in his throat.
4.The moment I went to bed,my mother reminded me to_______ ______the alarm clock.
5.The children _________the negative effects of the idea.
6.I came with the
this idea.
III.单句写作
1.The expert_______________（对………没作评论）her collection,which made her a little disappointed.
2.I_______________（打算交换笔记）with a fiend,who graduated from a famous middle school.
3.A sculpture from a famous artist is placed_____________（在入口处）of the library.
4._____________（人们说）the new teaching method can stimulate（激发）children's creativity.
5.They______________________（花费大约一个小时去上班）by bike every day,so they want to take the subway instead.
IV.单句语法填空
1.The committee held an___________(formal) meeting ahead of time to prepare the topic for the meeting.
2._________(actual), there are real and fake posts in the forum.
3.The drivers should raise______________(aware) of safety,especially on highways.
4.This misadventure is a__________(remind) that we must use electricity safely.
5.These dinosaur fossils are beyond__________(recognise)without signs.
6. I came with the ________(intend) of joining the debate,but now I’ve decided to leave.
7.________is said that the drama is a great success.
8.We must spend time_________(practice) playing the piano to take part in the competition.