主谓一致复习课件

课件41张PPT。主 谓 一 致
定义:“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。
“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are, were, have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is, was, has, works等。原 则1. 语法一致原则
2. 意义一致原则
3. 就近一致原则一. 语法一致
定义:主语是单数,谓语也是单数,
主语是复数谓语也是复数.
1. 非谓语动词做主语.
To see is to believe.
Asking costs nothing.
Lying and stealing are immoral.（2)用and 连接的并列主语，如果主语是一个人，同一事，同一抽象概念，且and后名词无冠词,谓语动词用_____，如:The writer and singer ______ coming tomorrow. 否则用复数。(1)以“and ”或“both… and”连接的并列主语,
通常作______用 。有些and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个
整体,如: bread and butter, knife and fork,
whisky and soda(威士忌加苏打水),
steel and ironis 单数复数(3)Every … and (every)…, each …and (each)… , no …and (no)… , many a …and (many a)…连接两个单数名词作主语以及more than one...和many a...作主语时,谓语动词都用_________.语法一致Eg: Every desk and every chair _____made of wood.
Many a boy and (many a) girl _____made the same mistake单数ishas语法一致(4) “a / an + 单名+ and a half”, “one and
a half +复名” 常接_____谓语；
①A year and a half _____passed .
②One and a half bananas ____ left on the desk.hasis单数(5) 不定代词each, either, neither, another, the other 等作主语通常用____谓语动词; 其中, each of + 复数代词，谓语动用_____。复数代词+each，谓语动词用_______。如 语法一致Each of us ______a dictionary.
We each _________a dictionary.hashave单数单数复数1.Serving the people _____ my great happiness.
2. When we’ll go out for an outing ___________ decided.
3. To get the most profits ______ the common aim of businessmen.（6）不定式（短语），动名词（短语）或从句作主语时，谓语动词用_______，如：ishas beenis单数 语法一致(7)当主语与谓语之间插有
with, along with, together with, as well as; but, except, besides, other than; rather than; like; including 等引起的短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的影响，依然与_______保持一致
主语The boy ___ diving.They ____ diving.Both Jack and Tim ___ diving.All of them ____ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim ___ walking.isareareisareFinish the following exercises:Bob Bob _____ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _____ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob ____
workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob ___a teacher.isBill Neither of them ___________
(know) how to teach English. knows/knowAll of them ______ workers.None of them ___________
(know) how to teach English.are knows/know主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：
(1) He and she _____both students of this school. 他和她都是这个学校的学生。
如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。一、语法一致原则are(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。 　 The singer and dancer____ going to give us a performance.
那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。

The knife and fork ____on the table.
刀叉在桌子上。 isiseither ... or; neither ... nor; not only ... but also, whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。二、就近原则Neither you nor I am wrong.
There is a cup of tea and some apples
on the table.2.
1) Every … and (every)…
2) each …and (each)…
3)no …and (no)…,
4) many a …and (many a)…连接两个单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
Every desk and every chair is made of wood.
Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. 3.one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +复数名词作主语，
Each of the students has a book. 谓语用单数。　Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 三、概念一致原则 所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples ____rotten.
所有的苹果都烂了。
All of the apple ____rotten.
整个苹果都烂了。
are isNone of the money_____ left.
没有剩下一点钱。
None of the students _____ there.
没有学生在那里。 is is2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。Half of the students _____finished their
composition.
一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。
Half of the apple ____bad.
一半的苹果坏了。
About 60 percent of the students in our
school ____boys.
我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生.haveisare3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。His family ____going out.
他们全家要外出。
His family ____all music lovers.
他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。is are 5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。
　Someone is asking for you.
有人找你。
　Nothing is found in the room.
在屋子里什么也没找到。(一).就前一致: (即谓语动词与前面的中心词一致)
名词 A +
+ 名词 B
这样的结构做主语，谓语动词仅与 A 一致。
1>.Mary, together with her parents, ____________
(去过) the Summer Palace twice.
2>.The teacher as well as her students ________
fond of popular music very much.
3>. All but Tom _______________(know) the truth so far.with; together with; along with like…..
but; except; besides not; rather than;
including; as well as; in addition to
has been to----- is----------- have known--- 4>.He, rather than you, _________________
(应受责备)
(二).就后一致: (即谓语动词与后面的中心词一致)

+ 名词

作主语时， 谓语动词取决于后面名词的数
1>.One third of the students in our class
_________ girls.
2>.Seventy percent of the surface of the
earth _______ covered with / by water.

分数 + of ; 百分数 + of
some of ; part of ; half of ;
most of ; the rest of ; …. is to blame ---- are-------------- is-------------------------3>.Half of the project_____________ (complete) in the past two months.
4>.Some students are studying in the classroom,
while the rest ______ enjoying the
performances.
(三) 就近一致：

连接的词作
主语，谓语
动词与最邻
近的主语一
致 ……or……
either……or……
neither…….nor……
not only……but also……
not…… but ……
There be…… has been completed are 1>.______ you or he to attend tomorrow’s
meeting?
2>.Either you or he ______ mistaken.
3>.Neither Mary nor her parents _________
in for rock music.
4>.There _____ a pen and some books
on the table.

Are▲ is▲ go▲ is▲(六) 分两种情况对比掌握:
1.集合名词如 family, team, class, group, population 作主语,
如果作为一个整体看待, 谓语用单数.
如果指集体里每一个成员,谓语用复数.
1>.Our class _______ a big one.
Our class ______ fond of music.
is are 2>. The population of China _______
far larger than that of Japan.
Eighty percent of the population
in China ________ farmers.
2. 单复数同形的词如 sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, means(方法,手段), works(著作, 工厂) 作主语, 谓语动词应根据上下文取决单复数.
1>.Every means ______ been tried
to solve the problem.
All means _______ been tried
to solve the problem. is are has have 2>.There _________ a newly- built
chemical works.
3.一些总是以复数出现, 成双成对的事物如
trousers, shoes, glasses, gloves 等
如果单独出现, 谓语用复数,
如果前面有 a / this / that pair of 修饰,
谓语用单数.
1>.The trousers _________ mine.
2>.This pair of trousers ____ mine.is/ stands are is类似地:
Apples of this kind ______ (sell) well.
This kind of apples _______(sell) well.
sellsells ---------------------- 4. 1). A number of people ____(own)cars now.
2>.The number of people who own
cars ________________ (increase)
every year.
5. 1>.The aged ______ being cared for
in the community.
2>.The beautiful ______ not always
good.
6. 1>. A singer and dancer ______ been
invited to the party.
2>. A singer and a dancer ________
been invited to the party. own is increasing are is has have7. Tom is one of the workers who __________ fired by the company last week.
Tom is the only one of the workers
who _______ fired by the company
last week.
8. A large quantity of water ________
wasted every year.
Large quantities of water ________
wasted every year.
were was is are9. 下列句子有什么特点?
1>. What we need _______ hard work.
What we need ______ suitable
materials.
2>. Such ________ what he told me.
Such _________ his words.
3>. The following ______ his advice
on learning English.
The following _______ some tips
to learn English. is are waswere is are1. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _____ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
2. A library with five thousand books ___to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
3. When and where to build the new factory ___ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. has not decided D. have not decided
4. The number of people invited ___fifty, but a number of them ___ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
5. E-mail, as well as telephones, ___ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
6. ____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are1．Nobody but Betty and Mary ____ late for class yesterday．
A．was B．were
C．has been D．have been
2．A woman with some children ____ soon．
A．is coming B．are coming
C．has come D．have come
3．No one except my parents ____ anything about this。
A．know B．knows
C．is known D．are known
4．The teacher as well as the students ____ the book already．
A．has read B．have read
C．are reading D．is reading
5．All but one ____ in the accident．
A．was killed B．were killed
C．will be killed D．are killed Good-bye!