译林版（2019）必修第二册Unit 2 Be Sporty, Be Healthy 知识点导学案（无答案）
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必修二 U2 Be sporty,be healthy
【Welcome to the unit】
1.A sound mind stars from a sound body. How can a weak body develop a sound mind？ --Cai Yuanpei
有健全之身体，始有健全之精神；若身体柔弱，则思想精神何由发达？ —蔡元培
【知识点一】sound
(1) adj. 健康的
2.What animal is best at hitting baseballs A bat! 什么动物最擅长打棒球？ 蝙蝠！
【知识点一】bat /b t/
(1)n.蝙蝠;球棒,球板
(2)vt. & vi. 用球棒（板）击球
【Reading】
1.What might prevent people from starting exercise 什么可能会阻止人们开始锻炼
【知识点一】prevent… from
(1) 阻止…,阻碍…
(2)阻止...做...:prevent+宾语+（from）doing
stop+宾语+（from）doing
keep+宾语+ from doing
ban+宾语+ from doing 禁止…做
注意：在以上结构中，被动语态里from均不可以省去，在主动语态中prevent与stop后面的from可省略，但在keep…from doing结构中的from不能省略。另外，keep sb.doing的意思是“让某人一直做”。
[练习]
（1）We should make every effort to prevent school violence from ____________（happen）.
（2）We must do what we can _________（prevent）the rivers from being polluted by factories.
（3）By slowly cutting deeper and deeper curves（[k v]曲线）, you prevent the glass _________ breaking as it changes shape.
2.Congratulations!You have just taken your first step towards a new and improved you! 恭喜! 你已经向一个全新的、更好的自我迈出了第一步!
【知识点一】congratulation /k n ɡr t u le n/
(1)n.祝贺,恭喜;贺词;恭贺
常见搭配：congratulations to sb. on sth.祝贺某人某事
Congratulations! 祝贺你! （口语）
offer/send congratulations to sb.（on sth.）向某人祝贺（某事）
(2)congratulate v. 祝贺,向…道贺;感到自豪
常见搭配：congratulate sb. on/upon sth. /doing sth.就（做）某事向某人祝贺
注意：congratulation用作祝贺语时，通常用复数形式；表示“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。
[练习]
（1）-- I got that job I wanted at the public library. --__________________（congratulate）!That's good news.
（2）I congratulate _________（I）on having chosen a good woman to be my wife.
（3）你应该为你出色的工作感到自豪。
You can __________________ _________ _________ having done an excellent job.
3.Understanding the benefits of exercise了解锻炼的好处
【知识点一】benefit
(1)n.优势;益处;成效
常见搭配：for one’s benefit ＝ for the benefit of sb.为了帮助某人;为了某人的利益
(2)v.得益于;得利于;使受益
常见搭配：benefit sb. /sth.对某人/物有益
benefit from/by 从…中受益
(3) beneficial adj. 有利的,有益的
常见搭配：be of benefit to ＝ be beneficial to 对…有益
[练习]
（1）When it comes to _________ benefit of volunteering, a lot of people think it's all about the warm feeling after helping someone.
（2）It is _________ great benefit to share your feelings with someone you trust.
（3）Please go to the country. I think the fresh air there is _________（benefit）to you.
4.Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind-but what exactly are its health benefits 大多数人认为定期锻炼对身心有奇效,但它对健康究竟有什么好处呢
【知识点一】assume / sju m/
(1)vt.假定,假设,认为; 承担(责任),担任,就(职)；呈现,显露
常见搭配：assume sb. /sth. to be…认为某人/事…
assuming （that）…假设…（引导条件状语从句）
It is assumed that…据认为…
(2)assumption n.假定,假设;
常见搭配：on the assumption that… 假定…
make the assumption/assumptions that… 作关于…的推测/假设
[练习]
（1）Some cyclists make the assumption _________ traffic laws do not apply to them, but this is not true.
（2）_________ was assumed that all humankind could do was to adapt to the rapidly changing conditions.
（3）We are working _________ the assumption that the conference（[ k nf r ns]会议）will take place as planned.
（4）_________ _________ _________ _________（人们认为）those people would be most likely to continue volunteer work.
5.It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 事实也证明,定期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统,患病的风险较低。
【知识点一】It has also been proven that...
事实证明......
常用于该结构的过去分词还有reported, said, known, believed, thought, announced, expected, stated 等
注意：上述结构可改为Sb./Sth.be said/thought/believed/hoped…to do/to be doing/to have done。
[练习]
（1）It is _________（report）that the enemy were ten miles away.
（2）同义句转换
1） It is supposed that he is working in that big company.
→He _________ _________ _________ _________ working in that big company.
2） It is said that Tom has written a new book about workers.
→Tom _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ new book about workers.
3） It is thought that she helps the people in need.
→ She _________ _________ the people in need.
【知识点二】tend
(1)v.往往会;趋向;趋于;照顾;护理
常见搭配：tend to do sth.常常会做某事;倾向于做某事
tend to/towards …趋向…;倾向…
tend（to）sb. /sth. （＝look after sb. /sth.）照顾某人/事;护理某人/事
(2)vt.&vi.照看;护理
常见搭配：tend（to）sb 照顾某人
(3)tendency n. 倾向;偏好
常见搭配：have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事
[练习]
（1）The sort of music I listen to varies（[ ve ri]不同）, but I tend _________ our folk music.
（2）People have a _________（tend）to place too much emphasis（[ emf s s]强调）on what experts say.
（3）Ambulance（[ mbj l ns]救护车）crews（[kru ]全体工作人员）were _________（tend）to the injured（[ nd d]伤员）.
（4）这些植物大多生长在偏远的 乡村地区。These plants _________ _________ _________ to grow in rural（[ r r l]农村的）areas.
【知识点三】immune / mju n/
(1)adj.有免疫力;不受影响的;免除的
5.When you plan an exercise routine,the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve.当你制定锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善。
【知识点一】routine /ru ti n/
(1)n.常规,惯例
常见搭配：follow the routine 遵守常规
(2)adj.常规的,例行的;乏味的
6.Flexibility training,including gymnastics and taichi, helps stretch your muscles and improve your body's range of movement.体操和太极拳等柔韧性训练有助于伸展肌肉,加大身体活动范围。
【知识点一】gymnastics /d m n st ks/
n.体操,体操训练
gymnasium /d m ne zi m/ n.体育馆，健身房（缩写：gym ）
【知识点二】stretch /stret /
(1) vt. & vi. 伸展,舒展;拉长;伸出;（使）延伸
【知识点三】muscle / m sl/
(1) n.肌肉,肌
【知识点四】range /re nd /
(1)n.一系列;范围,界限;射程;视觉（或听觉）范围
常见搭配：a range of 一系列,各种
in/within range（of sth.）在（某物的）范围内
out of/beyond range（of sth.）超出（某物的）范围
(2)vi.变化,变动;包括（各种不同的人或物） vt.（按一定位置或顺序）排列,排序
常见搭配：range from … to … 从…到…;在…到…范围之间变化
range between… and…在…到…之间
range in age/size/price from … to …年龄/尺寸/价格在…到…间变动
注意：range 作名词时还可以表示"山脉", a mountain range 意为"一条山脉"。
[练习]
（1）The national park has a large collection of wildlife,_________（range）from butterflies to elephants.
（2）Brooks surveys a wide range _________ disciplines（[ d s pl nz]学科）to find the reason why some students are happy and successful while others aren’t.
（3）The price ranges between＄25 _________＄400.
（4）It is _________ range of my ability, so I'm sorry I can’t help you.
（5）在这本小册子里,你可以看到各种名牌运动鞋的最新款式,价格从60美元到200美元不等。
In the small brochure（[ br (r)]）, you can see the latest models of sneakers（[ sni k (r)]）of different famous brands, _________ _________ _________ _________ ＄60 to＄200.
【知识点五】movement / mu vm nt/
(1)n.活动,转动;移动;运动
7.Above all,choose activities you enjoy because,in this way,you’re more likely to stick with them.最重要的是,选择你喜欢的活动,因为这样你更有可能坚持下去。
【知识点一】stick with
(1)坚持,持续（及物动词短语,后面要带宾语）
(2)与stick相关短语：stick at 坚持不懈地做
stick out 伸出;突出,显眼
stick to 坚持（真理等）,坚持干（某事）,忠于（to 为介词）
stick up 竖起;向上突起
stick up for 为…辩护,支持,拥护
get/be stuck in（ ＝ get/be caught in）被陷在…,被卡在…
stick by sb （当某人做错事或遇到困难时）继续支持;忠于某人
[练习]
（1）Stick _________ me until we get out of the crowd.
（2）If you stick _________ the truth, you will have nothing to fear.
（3）Perhaps he should have stuck _________ writing.
（4）陷在雪里的汽车发动不起来。 The car _________ _________ _________ _________ snow couldn’t start.
8.Foods like noodles,rice,fruit and vegetables give your body plenty of carbohydrates to keep up your energy during a long workout.像面条、大米、水果和蔬菜这样的食物给你的身体提供大量的碳水化合物,它们可以在长时间的锻炼中维持你的能量供给。
【知识点一】carbohydrate / kɑ b ha dre t/
(1)n.碳水化合物,糖类
【知识点二】energy / en d i/
(1) n.[U]能,能量;能源;活力[pl.]精力
常见搭配：full of energy 精力充沛;充满活力
nuclear（[ nju kli (r)]）/solar（[ s l (r)]）/renewable energy 核能/太阳能/可再生能源
(2) energetic adj. 精力充沛的;充满活力的
(3)辨析：
易混词 含义 例句
energy 指人的"精力",也指"能量;活力",多用作不可数名词 It’s a waste of time and energy.
strength 着重指人的"体力",也指"实力;优势" He pushed against the rock with all his strength.
force 指外力或武力,也指物理意义上的"力" The rioters were taken away by force.
power 泛指一切力量、能力、权力等,侧重本领或职权 The party came to power at the last election.
[练习]
（1）You are ____________（energy）. Can you tell me the secret
（2）许多国家正在增加对天然气、风能和其他形式能源的使用。
Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas,_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ .
（3）用 energy, strength, force或 power 的适当形式填空
1）In the old days, many kings came to _________ by _________.
2）Everyone has his own _________ and weaknesses.
3）With time and _________ saved, children can pursue（[p sju ]追求）their own interests.
9.When to eat is also of great importance. 什么时候吃也很重要。
【知识点一】is of great importance
很重要
be+ of + n. 结构在句中可以做表语或后置定语。该结构根据是否有对应的形容词可以分为两类:
①可以转化为同根形容词的:此时,"of+名词"结构用来说明句子的主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义等。这类名词有value, importance, use, help, benefit, significance（[s ɡ n f k ns]重要性）等,名词前可用great, little, some, no, much 等来修饰,用来说明程度。
E.g.The meeting is of great importance. ＝ The meeting is very important.
②不可以转化为形容词的:此时,"of+名词"结构用来说明句子的主语在重量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征。这类名词有colour, age, size, height, length（[le kθ]）, weight, shape, type, quality 等,名词前可用 different, the same,a(n)等来修饰。
E.g.Coins may be of different sizes, weights, shapes and metals.
③"be of + 抽象名词"结构的否定形式一般采用否定名词的做法,即"be of no+名词"。
E.g.As far as the study of English was concerned, what he said was of no use.
[练习]
（1）Mothers’ labour（[ le b (r)]劳动）is _________ higher value than it is realized.
（2）What he said at the meeting was _________ _________ _________（很有价值）.
（3）The discovery of the new drug is _________ _________ _________（非常重要）to people who suffer from heart trouble.
（4）Please give these things to charities. They are _________ _________ _________（没有用）to me.
（5）My sister and I are _________ _________ _________（一样高）.
9.In general,you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising. 一般来说,你应该在进食后平均等上1.5到2.5个小时再运动。
【知识点一】average
n.平均数;一般水准;平均水平
常见搭配：an average of…平均有…
the average of……的平均数
up to the average 达到平均水平
on（an/the）average 平均来看
above/below（the）average 在平均水平以上/以下
adj.平均的;正常的,普通的;典型的
(3) linking v. 平均为
注意：“an average of +复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数；“the average of +复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数。
[练习]
（1）_________ average, we receive five letters each day.
（2）The prices are a little _________ average, but they’re of the highest quality.
（3）写出 average 在句子中的词性和词义
1）Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8 ℃ since 1990._______________
2）The boats remain at sea for an average of ten days at a time. _______________
3）There was nothing special about the meal; it was average. _______________
10.Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost to sweat.记住运动时全程都要喝水,以弥补流汗所造成的水分流失。
【知识点一】throughout /θru a t/
(1) prep.&adv.自始至终;各处,遍及
(2)常见搭配：throughout the night一整夜
throughout one’s life 某人毕生;某人的一生中
throughout the country 遍及全国
(3)辨析：through 与 throughout
through 意为"穿过;贯穿"; throughout 意为"在…各处;遍及",比 through 更强调"完全"。
throughout 与 all through 或者 all over 同义。
throughout the world/all over the world/all through the world 全世界
【知识点二】make up for
(1) 补偿,弥补
(2)与make相关的短语：make up 构成,组成;编造;创作;布置;化妆;和好,和解
be made up of 由…构成,组成
make out 理解;辨清
be made of/from 由…制成
(3)辨析：make up 与 make up for
make up 和 make up for 都有"弥补"的意思。
区别在于: make up 表示弥补耽误了的事或补上、凑齐某事物。侧重于用谎言或不实的东西掩盖。
make up for 表示用其他方式来进行弥补,使其平衡（弥补因过去某些原因而耽误的时间或对某人的亏欠）不仅仅是说"用某物去弥补某物"。
[练习]
（1）I think it's very unkind of you to make _________ stories about him.
（2）Her beauty can’t make up _________ her stupidity（[stju p d ti]愚蠢）.
（3）I heard the voices, but couldn’t make _________ what they were saying.
（4）医疗队由十二名医生组成。The medical team _________ _________ _________ _________ twelve doctors.
（5）好天气弥补了组织上的不足。The good weather _________ _________ _________ the bad organization.
【知识点三】sweat /swet/
n.汗水 vi.& vi.出汗,流汗
sweaty adj.被汗水湿透的
10.Avoiding injury 避免受伤
【知识点一】injury / nd ri/
(1)n.伤害,损伤
常见搭配：do sb. an injury 伤害某人
be an injury to sb. 伤害…;危害…;对…有害
(2)injure v.损害;伤害
(3) injured adj. 受伤的
常见搭配：the injured 伤员
get injured 受伤
(4)辨析：
易混词 含义 例句
injury 多指对身体、机能等的伤害,尤指意外事故中的"伤害" He escaped from the train wreck without injury.
wound 多指战斗、攻击中所造成的"伤;伤口" The soldier received a wound in the leg.
hurt 普通用语,多指精神上的"创伤" There was hurt and anger in her voice.
harm 多指给人的身体或精神带来的"伤害" He would never frighten anyone or cause them any harm.
[练习]
（1）-- What did the doctor say about your _________（injure） -- She said I should avoid doing too much exercise.
（2）车祸中小汽车司机的胳膊和腿受到严重的伤害。
The driver of the car received _________ _________ to the arms and legs in the traffic accident.
11.To prevent soft tissue injury,make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 为了防止软组织受伤,在运动时一定要穿合适的衣服并配备适当的装备。
【知识点一】prevent /pr vent/
(1)vt.阻止,阻碍
常见搭配：prevent sb from doing…阻止某人做某事
(2)prevention n.阻止
【知识点二】tissue / t u /
(1) n.（人、动植物细胞的）组织;（尤指用作手帕的）纸巾,手巾纸
【知识点三】equipment / kw pm nt/
(1) n.设备[U];配备,装备
常见搭配：a piece of equipment 一件设备
firefighting equipment 消防设备
office equipment 办公设备
(2)equip v. 装备;配备;使有知识和技能;使能够胜任
常见搭配：equip… with…用…装备…;为…配备…
be equipped with…装备…;具备…
equip oneself with sth.使自己准备好某物
equip sb. for（doing）sth.使某人为（做）某事而准备
equip sth. for…为…而装备某物
be equipped to do 配有装备以做…
well/poorly equipped 装备精良的/较差的
[练习]
（1）Is it a piece of _________（equip）for the kitchen
（2）It is required that all the vehicle（[ vi kl]车辆）companies should equip their cars _________ safety belts.
（3）你的培训将使你能够为将来的工作做好准备。
Your training will _________ you _________ your future job.
为了考试,请给自己准备一支锋利的铅笔和一块橡皮。
Please _________ _________ _________ a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.
【知识点三】when exercising
that 宾语从句中省略形式的时间状语从句,补充完整为 when you are exercising
状语从句的省略句式：
一般来说,省略现象常出现在下列五种状语从句中:由 when, while, as, till, until, once 等引导的时间状语从句;由 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句;由 though, although, even if, whatever 等引导的让步状语从句;由 as, than 等引导的比较状语从句;由 as, as if, as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时,要遵循以下原则:
①当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句中含有 be动词的某种形式时,可以省略状语从句的主语和 be 动词,这时从句中可以出现如下结构:
连词+名词/形容词/介词短语连词+现在分词
连词+过去分词
连词+不定式
E.g.Work hard when（you are）young, or you’ll regret.
②当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致,但从句的主语是 it,从句中又含有 be 动词的某种形式时,可以把 it 和 be 动词一起省略。
E.g.If（it is）necessary, I will come to see you off tomorrow.
③掌握下列短语:if any 如果有的话; if so 如果是这样的话; if ever 如果曾经有的话; if not 如果不这样的话。
E.g.What action, if any, do you take
注意：对状语从句的省略的考查主要是让考生判断连词后面用哪种非谓语形式，解这类题的关键是要弄清楚从句中的动词与其逻辑主语(即主句的主语)之间的关系，如果是主谓关系通常要用现在分词，如果是动宾关系通常要用过去分词。
[练习]
（1）The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _________（carry）out regularly, can improve our health.
（2）--Who should be responsible for the accident -- The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order as _________（tell）.
（3）It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. If _________, we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
（4）Unless _________（invite）, he will not come back to the company.
（5）Once _________（publish）, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
（6）You should be careful while _________（cross）the road.
She gave me a comforting smile, nodded _________ _________ _________（当耐心地听的时候）,and then printed out the ticket immediately.
_________ _________（如果有必要）, you should turn to your parents for help.
12.Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their lack of exercise during the weekdays.另一些人在工作日缺乏锻炼，作为弥补，他们在周末锻炼几个小时。
【知识点一】lack /l k/
(1) n.缺乏；短缺；匮乏
常见搭配：（a）lack of ... 缺乏......
for lack of 因缺乏…
(2) vt. & vi. 没有,缺乏,不足,短缺
常见搭配：lack（for）nothing 没有欠缺
lacking adj. 缺少的；不足的；不在场；得不到
常见搭配：be lacking in 缺少（后加表示抽象概念的名词,如patience, confidence）
注意：lack可作及物动词，后直接跟宾语，但通常不用于被动语态
[练习]
（1）The trip was cancelled through lack _________ interest.
（2）_________（lack）in experience, he lost the job.
（3）因为没钱,这个人小时候没有上学。
1）The man didn’t go to school when he was young because he _________ _________ _________（lack v.）
2）The man didn’t go to school when he was young _________ _________ _________ _________（lack n.）
【Grammar and usage】
1.We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again! 我们很高兴地宣布,社区体育中心不久将再次向公众开放!
【知识点一】announce / na ns/
(1)vt.宣布;宣告（决定,计划等）;通知;声称
常见搭配：announce sth.（ to sb.）（向某人）宣布/宣告某事
It is announced that... 据宣布......
(2)announcement n.（一项）公告；布告；通告；宣布
常见搭配： make an announcement 发布公告
(3)announcer n.播音员
注意：announce后不能跟双宾语，即没有announce sb. sth.结构，应用announce sth.to sb.。
(4)辨析：
易混词 区别 例句
announce 多指提前宣布或公开宣告大家关心的事或某事预示着……的到来 We are pleased to announce that all five candidates were successful.
declare [d kle (r)] 一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度，后面可跟复合宾语。还有“断言，宣称”之意 The result of the election will be declared soon.
[练习]
（1）An __________________（announce）will be made soon on the bulletin（[ b l t n]布告）board.
（2）Before the hostess _________ _________ _________（宣布获胜者）, she asked the audience to calm down.
（3）_________ _________ _________ _________（据宣布）only when the fire was under control would the residents（[ rez d nt]居民）be permitted（[p m t]允许）to return to their homes.
（4）用 announce 或 declare 的适当形式填空
1）Footsteps（脚步声）_________ his return.Shall we go and meet him
2）The bright flowers and warm winds _________ that spring is here.
3）Jane _________ that she would rather resign than change her decision.
4）The news was _________ by CCTV.
5）The government has _________ war on drug dealers（[ dr ɡ di l (r)]毒品走私犯）.
2.The finishing touches are now being put to a new swimming pool and our workout rooms have been updated with modern equipment. 新的游泳池进行最后的装修,我们的健身房也已经更新了现代化的设备。
【知识点一】put finishing touches to
(1)对…进行最后的润色或修饰
【知识点二】update / pde t/
(1) vt. 更新；是现代化；为......提供最新的情况/信息
常见搭配：update sth. 更新某物
update sb. on... 为某人提供最新......
(2)n.最新消息,快讯
(3)与date相关的短语：out of date 过时的
up to date 最新的,时髦的
make/have a date with sb.与某人约会
set/fix a date 确定日期
date back to ＝ date from 追溯于;始于
[练习]
（1）The minister’s（[ m n st (r)]大臣）advisers updated her _________ the situation.
（2）I know you will have a date _________ Mary tonight.
（3）These works must date _________ the middle of the 7th century.
（4）我们一有消息我就会告诉他们。
I would just _________ _________ _________any news we might have.
（5）那本书中的许多信息现在已经过时了。
Much of the information in that book is now _________ _________ _________.
3.In response to public interest,our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance.为了满足公众的喜好,我们的有氧运动课程已经停开,取而代之的是一些有趣的课程,包括现代舞。
【知识点一】response
(1) n.回答;反应
常见搭配：in response to 对…作出反应;满足…的需要
(2)respond vi. 回答,回应;响应,作出反应
常见搭配： respond to 对…作出回应
[练习]
（1）It was some time before the door opened _________ response to his ringing the doorbell.
（2）Like any other public servants, the police must respond _________ public demands.
（3）这样的小组规模适中,可以使老师们照顾到每一个学生的需求。
This modest group size allows the teachers to _________ _________ the needs of each student.
【知识点二】aerobic /e r b k/
(1)adj. 有氧的;需氧的
【知识点三】replace
(1)vt.代替,取代;用…替换;接替;更换,更新
常见搭配：replace A with/by B 用 B 替换 A
(2)placement n.替换;更换
(3)replaceable adj. 可代替的;可替换的
(4)与place相关的短语：take the place of sb/take one’s place 代替某人;取代某人（=replace）
in place of sb/in one’s place 代替某人;取代某人
[练习]
（1）John is ill and has been replaced in our team _________ Tom.
（2）But this isn’t an excuse to use images _________ place of text.
（3）Who’s going to take _________（he）place after he leaves
4.Better still,we will update our fitness courses every few months so that more popular courses can be included.更棒的是,我们将每隔几个月更新我们的健身课程，以便能涵盖更多受欢迎的课程。
【知识点一】so that
so that 引导目的状语从句，"以便,为了", 从句中常含有情态动词。
E.g. We started off early so that we could catch the first bus.
so that 引导结果状语从句, "因此,结果",从句中往往没有情态动词,而且主从句之间常用逗号隔开。
E.g.He was very humorous, so that we liked him very much.
(3) in order that 也可以引导目的状语从句,常与 so that互换, so that 一般不用于句首,而in order that可用于句首。
(4)当 so that/in order that 引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时,可将从句简化为 so as to/in order to 结构。注意: so as to 不能放在句首,而in order to可以放在句首。
[练习]
（1）He left early so that he could avoid the traffic jam.同义句转换
1）He left early _________ _________ _________ he could avoid the traffic jam.
2）He left early _________ _________ _________ avoid the traffic jam.
3）_________ _________ _________ avoid the traffic jam, he left early.
4.We look forward to seeing you here! 我们期待在这里见到你！
【知识点一】look forward to
期望，期待
词短语中的to为介词，后接名词、代词、动词-ing
类似的动词短语:get/be used to习惯于
object to反对
stick to坚持
devote…to献身于，致力于
get down to开始认真考虑；着手处理
pay attention to注意
contribute to促成，导致
lead to导致；通向
[练习]
（1）He was looking forward to _________（work）with the man.
（2）我现在期望尽早回到工作岗位。
I now look forward to _________ _________ to work as soon as possible.
（3）时间所剩不多了,让我们开始修理这台机器吧。
There’s not much time left. Let's get down to _________ _________ _________.
（4）我从来没有习惯于这么晚上床睡觉。I never got used to _________ _________ _________ so late.
【语法】
现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态
1、被动语态的使用场合：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要，动作承受者须强调。
2、现在进行时及其被动语态：
①现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作。
②现在进行时中主动语态的谓语为 am/is/are doing
被动语态的谓语为 am/is/are being done。
③be under/in…+n."可用来表示现在进行时的被动含义,如 is under construction 表示 is being constructed; is in preparation 表示 is being prepared。
3、现在完成时及其被动语态：
①现在完成时表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些表示不确定的时间的状语连用,如: just, already, yet,ever, recently, lately, so far, up to/till now, in the last/past few days/years 等。
②现在完成时表示过去已经开始,一直持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态,常与"since+时间点"或"for+时间段"等表示一段时间的状语连用。注意：谓语动词需用延续性动词
③表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在已经成为一种经历,常与 twice, ever, never, three times, before 等时间状语连用。
④现在完成时的常用句型
It is/has been+一段时间+ since 从句（从句用一般过去时）
It/This/That is the first/second/… time that sb have/has done…
This/That/It is+形容词最高级+名词+定语从句（从句常用现在完成时）
⑤现在完成时中主动语态的谓语为 have/has+过去分词
被动语态的谓语为 have/has been+过去分词
4、不能用被动语态的几种情况
①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
②表示状态的动词,如 last, hold, contain, fit, cost 等。
③表示归属的动词,如 have, own 等。
④表示"希望、意图、喜好"的动词,如wish, want, hope, like, love, hate 等。
⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。
⑥宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等,谓语动词不用被动语态。
5、主动形式表被动意义
①当 feel, look, smell, taste, sound 等后面接形容词时;
②当 cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash等作为不及物动词表示主语内在"品质"或"性能"时;当动词表示"开始、结束、关、停、转、启动"等意义时。
③当happen,occur,break out,take place, shut off, turn off, work out 等动词（短语）表示"发生、关闭、制定"等意思时。
④want, require, need 后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。
⑤be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义。
[练习]
1. My washing machine __________________（repair）now, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
2. A new cinema __________________（build）here. They hope to finish it next month.
3. Up to now, the novel __________________（translate）into many languages and is known all over the world.
4. It is reported that many new houses __________________（build）in this area.
5. This is the first time that I __________________（invite）to London.
6. Such a thing has never __________________（hear）of before.
7. The professor is delighted（[d la t]高兴）to find that two thirds of the project __________________（finish）by the students independently.
8. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what __________________（mark）.
9. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house __________________（rebuild）.
10. In recent years, stress __________________ （regard）as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
【Integrated skills，Extended reading，Project，Assessment，Further study】
1.Cannot concentrate at school在校时注意力无法集中
【知识点一】concentrate
(1) v.集中;聚精会神;集合
常见搭配：concentrate on/upon（doing）sth.专心于（做）某事
concentrate one’s mind/attention/energy/efforts on 集中某人的注意力于;集中某人的精力于
(2)concentration n.集中;专心;关注
(3)其他表“专心于，集中于”的短语：focus/fix one's attention on
put one's mind to
put one's heart into
be absorbed in
be lost in
apply oneself/one's mind to
[练习]
（1）He was expected to concentrate _________ his studies and make something of himself.
（2）If you apply yourself _________ the job in hand, you’ll soon finish it.
（3）Nothing is difficult if you put your heart _________ it.
（4）She is absorbed _________ music.
（5）We students must concentrate our efforts on _________（improve）our grades.
（6）你必须专注于提高你的英语水平。
You must concentrate your attention on _________ _________ _________.
2.I've been feeling a bit under the weather recently. 我最近感觉有点不舒服。
【知识点一】under the weather
(1)略有不适,不舒服
2.Plus I take part in a lot of after-school activities. 而且我参加了很多课外活动。
【知识点一】plus /pl s/
(1)conj.而且，此外
(2)prep. 加；和
【知识点二】take part in
(1)参加；参与
(2)常见搭配：take part in (doing) sth. 参加/参与（做）某事
take an active part in 积极地参加......
take a leading part in 在......中起带头作用
(3) 辨析：
易混词(组) 区别
participate in “参加，参与”,正式用语。强调参加某一共同的活动，暗示以一种积极的态度参加
attend 正式用语， 一般指参加/出席会议、典礼或招待会等，也可指上学、上课、听演讲或讲座等
join 及物动词。通常指参加某组织或团体并成为其中的一员，也可指加入到别人正在进行的动作或活动中去
take part in 指参加群众性的活动，侧重于主语参加该活动并在其中发 挥一定作用。part前若有修饰语，则要加不定冠词，如take an active part in
join in 指参加某一活动，其宾语一般是小规模的竞赛、娱乐、谈话、讨论、聚会、游戏等名词
[练习]
（1）At that time, the problem of whether we should take part _________ the Olympic Games or not arose（[ r z]出现）.
（2）Everyone in the class is expected to participate _________ these discussions.
（3）His wife and children came to join _________ the party.
（4）She actively participated in local politics. （用 part 改写句子）
She _________ _________ _________ _________ in local politics.
（5）他们都参加了这次比赛。They all _________ _________ _________ the competition.
（6）因为生病他昨天没上学。He didn’t _________ school yesterday because of his illness.
3.I’m also concerned about money.我还担心钱。
【知识点一】concern
(1)v.（使）担忧;涉及;关系到
(2)n.担心;关心
(3)concerned adj.担心的;忧虑的;感兴趣的;关注的,关切的
常见搭配：as far as… be concerned 就…而言
be concerned about/for（＝concern oneself about/for）对…担心/关心
be concerned with sb. /sth. （＝concern oneself with sb. / sth.）与某人/某事有关
(4)concerning prep.关于;涉及
[练习]
（1）Present at the meeting were headmasters of the schools _________（concern）.
（2）The book is mainly concerned _________ the situation in that country.
（3）The President expressed great concern _________ the traffic accident.
（4）父母关心他们孩子们的安全。 Parents _________ _________ _________ their children’s safety.
5.Imagine jogging along the same path every morning, repeating the same movement day after day and having no one to talk to! 想象一下,每天早上沿着同一条小路慢跑,日复一日地重复同样的动作,却没有人可以交谈!
【知识点一】jogging / d ɡ /
(1)n.慢跑锻炼
【知识点二】having no one to talk to
(1) "have+宾语+ to do"结构，to do是不定式做定语, have 意为"有",不定式动作由主语发出,用主动形式表示被动意义。
(2)have sth.done 中过去分词做宾语补足语,表示被动的含义,有时也可用 get sth.done 来替换,该结构的意思是"使某事被做",有时翻译成"请人做某事"或"主语遭遇到某事"。
(3)have sb. do sth. 让某人/某物做某事,表示经常性的动作 或某次具体的动作,不定式必须省略 to。宾语是动作的执行者。
(4)have sb. /sth. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事/让某物一直处于某种状态
注意：have sth./sb.to do中，如果不定式所接动词是不及物动词，则其后一定要带上介词。
[练习]
（1）I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _________（catch）.
（2）During the Qin Dynasty, to keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls _________（join）up.
（3）The two men had the lights _________（burn）all night long.
（4）I’ll have the gardener _________（plant）some trees.
（5）让机器一直不停地运转不是一个好主意。
It is not a good idea to _________ _________ _________ _________ all the time.
（6）她提醒我那天晚上我有一个会议要参加。
She reminds me that I _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ that evening.
6.What would you do in my position 你要是碰到我这种情况会怎么做
【知识点一】position /p z n/
(1)n.处境;位置;姿势;观点;地位;适当的位置
(2)常见搭配：in/out of position 在/不在适当的位置
in a（n）... position 在…...的位置/处境
5.When my friend first suggested that we join the new Tai Chi Club at school, I hesitated. 当我的朋友第一次建议我们加入学校新成立的太极拳俱乐部时,我犹豫了。
【知识点一】suggest that
(1) suggest 作"建议"讲时,后面的从句要用虚拟语气,即（should+）do;作"暗示,表明"讲时,其后的从句用陈述语气。
(2)常见搭配：suggest（doing）sth. 建议（做）某事
suggest sth. to sb. 向某人建议某事
It is suggested that sb.（should）do sth. 人们建议某人做某事。
(3) suggestion n. 建议
注意：advise/advice,propose/proposal,order,command,demand,require,request,insist,recommend后接的that从句谓语通常用“(should +)动词原形”。
[练习]
（1）It’s suggested that he _________（ask）his teacher for help.
（2）He suggested _________（go）out for a walk.
（3）Her expression suggested that she _________（be）angry.
（4）I suggest he _________（go）to the railway station earlier in case he misses the train.
（5）他的建议是我们首先说服她待在这儿。His suggestion is that we _________ _________ her to stay here first.
（6）命令士兵立即出发。It is ordered that soldiers _________ _________ _________ at once.
【知识点二】tai chi
(1)n.太极拳,太极
【知识点三】hesitate / hez te t/
(1) v.犹豫,迟疑不决;顾虑,疑虑
常见搭配：hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事;不愿做某事
hesitate about/in/at/over（doing）sth.（做）某事犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n. 犹豫;踌躇;迟疑
常见搭配：without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事
(3)hesitant adj. 犹豫的;迟疑的
[练习]
（1）Paul started to speak but _________（hesitate）, searching for just the right words.
（2）He was still hesitating about _________（take）the job.
（3）Don’t hesitate _________（ask）me if you have any questions.
6.After the first class,however,I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi. 然而,上完第一节课后,我不得不承认我对太极拳的看法是错误的。
【知识点一】admit / d m t/
(1)v.承认;招认;准许进入;准许加入
常见搭配：admit doing sth. /having done sth. /that 从句 承认做某事/做过某事/…
admit to sb （that）… 向某人承认…
admit sb to/into… 接收某人（入学）;允许某人进入…
be admitted as…作为…被接受
（sb）be admitted to/into… （某人）被准许进入…;（某人）被…录取
It is admitted that…人们公认…
(2)admission n.承认;录取;允许进入;入场费
常见搭配：apply for admission 申请加入
admission charges/prices 入场费/票价
[练习]
（1）The exam will determine（[d t m n]决定）whether I can _________（admit）to a graduate program or not.
（2）I want to thank you for all of the tomatoes, and I have to _________（admit）that I took a few other things and hope you wouldn’t mind.
（3）He admitted _________（cheat）in the exam.
7.Just as importantly, practising tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it. 同样重要的是,练习太极拳激发了我探索太极拳背后的中国文化的兴趣。
【知识点一】inspire / n spa (r)/
(1) vt.激励;鼓舞;启发思考;使产生（感觉或情感）
常见搭配：inspire sb. to do sth. 激励/鼓舞某人做某事
inspire sb. with … ＝ inspire … in sb. 使某人产生…（感觉或情感）
(2)inspired adj. 激动人心的;卓越的
(3)inspiring adj. 激励的;启发灵感的;鼓舞人心的
(4)inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
[练习]
（1）What inspired him _________（give）such a brilliant performance
（2）His speech was _________（inspire）and touched my heart.
（3）The good news inspired us _________ hope.
（4）Poets and artists often draw their _________（inspire）from nature.
【知识点二】explore / k spl (r)/
vt. & vi. 探究,探索;勘探,勘察
exploration n.探索
9.No wonder some tai chi moves are named after animals-Chinese martial arts have a long- standing practice of imitating animals. 一些太极拳动作以动物命名不足为奇--中国武术有模仿动物的悠久传统。
【知识点一】no wonder
(1)不足为奇,并不奇怪
(2)no wonder 后可以跟从句,意为"难怪…;怪不得…",相当于 It’s no wonder （that）…
(3)wonder n.惊奇;奇迹 v.对…感到疑惑;想知道;对…感到惊讶
常见搭配：in wonder 惊奇地
work/do wonders 创造奇迹;取得惊人成效
It’s a wonder （that）… 奇怪的是…
（It's）no/little/small wonder that…不足为奇;并不奇怪
wonder about/at…对…感到惊讶
I wonder if/whether… 我不知道是否…
【知识点二】imitate / m te t/
vt.模仿;仿效
imitation n. 腰品;模仿
8.With these requirements of tai chi in mind,I found to my satisfaction that my balance and flexibility slowly improved, that I was able to do more difficult moves, and that my love for tai chi returned stronger than ever. 让我欣慰的是,记住太极拳的这些要求后,我发现自己的平衡性和柔韧性慢慢有所改善,我能完成难度更大的动作,而且我比以前更喜爱太极拳了。
【知识点一】satisfaction / s t s f k n/
(1) n.[U,C]满意;满足;令人满意的事物;[U]（需要或欲望的）满足
常见搭配：to sb.'s satisfaction＝to the satisfaction of sb. 令某人满意的是
with satisfaction 满意地
(2) satisfy vt.（使）满足;（使）满意
(3) satisfied adj. 满意的,满足的
常见搭配：be/feel satisfied with…对…感到满意
(4) satisfactory adj. 令人满意的;令人高兴的
(5) satisfying adj. 令人满意的;合适的
[练习]
（1）Being able to work with children is one of the greatest __________________（satisfy）of this job.
（2）He could not provide a __________________（satisfaction）excuse for his absence.
（3）令我们满意的是,我们大多数人得到了我们所期望的东西。
_________ _________ __________________, most of us got what we had expected.
（4）他对自己的新车感到满意。 He _________ _________ _________ his new car.
9.I discovered that tai chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang，which are believed to form the unity of opposites.我发现太极拳深深根植于中国的阴阳哲学，中国哲学认为阴和阳是既对立又统一的。
【知识点一】root
(1) vt.& vi.（使）生根
(2) n.根,根茎;根源,起因
(3)be rooted in 起源于…;由…产生
【知识点二】philosophy /f l s fi/
(1) n.哲学
(2)philosopher n.哲学家
(3)philosophical adj.哲学的
【知识点三】unity / ju n ti/
(1)n.统一的，联合体，整体；团结一致，联合，统一
(2)unite v.(使)联合，(使)团结，(使)统一
(3)united adj.团结的，统一的；共同的，一致的；
9.Neither can exist independent of the other;for example,there is no shadow without light.两者都不可能独立于对方存在;例如,没有光就没有影。
【知识点一】exist / ɡ z st/
(1) vi.存在;生活,生存
常见搭配：exist in 存在于…之中
exist on 靠…生存;靠…生活
There exists/existed…存在…
注意：exist只用作不及物动词，因此没有被动语态，且通常不用于进行时。
(2)existence n.存在;生活
常见搭配：come into existence 开始存在
[练习]
（1）Nowadays, there are still many people wondering when the earth came into _________（exist）.
（2）_________ existed an obvious conflict between the accounts of the witnesses, so no judgment was announced in court（[k t]法庭）.
（3）As a matter of fact, there exists a good way to solve the _________（exist）problem.
（4）他们要靠这么微薄的收入生活是不可能的。
It was impossible for them to _________ _________ such a small income.
11.The practice of tai chi aims to maintain the balance of yin and yang in the body through opposite movements: forwards and backwards,up and down, left and right, breathing in and breathing out. 太极拳练习的目的是通过前后、上下、左右、吸气、呼气等相反的动作来保持体内的阴阳平衡。
【知识点一】maintain /me n te n/
(1)vt.维持;维修,保养
【知识点二】backward(s) / b kw dz/
adv.向后；朝反方向
【知识点三】breathe /bri /
(1)vi. & vt.呼吸;呼出
常见搭配：breathe in/out吸气/呼气
breathe deeply 深呼吸
breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负;松了口气
(2)breath /breθ/ n.呼吸
常见搭配：take a（long/deep）breath（深深地）吸一口气
take one’s breath away 令某人惊叹/叫绝
get one’s breath again 恢复正常呼吸
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
catch one’s breath 恢复正常呼吸;喘口气
be out of breath 喘不过气来
be short of breath 呼吸困难
don’t waste your breath/save your breath 别浪费口
(3)breathless adj.气喘吁吁的;喘不过气来的
10.Eventually, tai chi brings about a state of physical balance and metal peace. 最终，太极拳带来了身体平衡和心态平和的状态。
【知识点一】bring about
(1)引起;导致;带来
(2)与bring相关的短语：bring up 抚养；提出
bring in 带来；盈利
bring out 使......显示；出版
bring down 降低；击落
bring back 拿回来；使......恢复；使......回忆起来
bring along 拿来；带来
bring forward 提前
注意：bring about意为“引起，导致”时，与其含义相近的单词或短语还有lead to,result in,cause等。
[练习]
（1）The Internet has brought _________ many changes in our work, study and life.
（2）石油价格下跌导致了商业活动的增加。
1）____________________________________________________________________________（用 lead to）
2）____________________________________________________________________________（用 result in）
3）____________________________________________________________________________（用 cause）
4）___________________________________________________________________________（用 bring about）
【拓展词汇】
1.criterion [kra t ri n] n.标准;准则
The most important criterion for entry is that applicants must design and make their own work.最重要的参赛标准是申请者必须设计并制作自己的作品。
2. refresh [r fre ] v.使恢复精力
Many people view these meetings as an occasion to share ideas and refresh friendship. 许多人都把这些会面看成是交流想法和保持友谊长青的机会。
3.tournament [ t n m nt] n.锦标赛
No professionals may participate in the amateur tennis tournament. 任何职业选手均不得参加业余网球锦标赛。
4.track [tr k] n.轨道;田径运动
When I was in the track team, I used to run the 200-metre.过去我在田径队时,常跑200米。
5.sneaker [ sni k (r)] n.运动鞋
Old Chinese sneaker brands have been getting a lot of attention these days. 如今,中国的老运动鞋品牌正获得广泛关注。
6.stadium [ ste di m] n.体育场;运动场
A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to cheer them on. 1,000 名支持者挤进体育馆里为他们加油。
【话题拓展】
Teenagers’ fitness problems
Teenagers’ fitness is now a major concern, to which physical exercise is very important. It eases stress and improves fitness. Exercise makes your body strong, and helps you to keep the right weight. A sports scientist, Dr. Helen Lopez, offers the following advice to teenagers, "First, you need to find out your present fitness level. Then you can make a programme that will help you become healthier."
Dr. Lopez says that there are three levels of fitness that need a change of lifestyle. "Overweight" means that the person does very little exercise and often has a serious weight problem. "Inactive"means that the person does not join in many physical activities, but is not seriously overweight. "Active"refers to people who take part in sports but do not have a high fitness level.
According to Dr. Lopez, overweight teenagers should keep active to keep healthy."Ride a bike, play volleyball or basketball for a while, and go for a twenty-minute walk each day. All these will help to burn calories. "Inactive teenagers should do similar activities, but add some bending and stretching exercises（弯曲和伸展运动）at the same time, such as push-ups and sit-ups, starting with twenty for each a day. "Inactive people can take a little more exercise than overweight people because their bodies are stronger," said Dr. Lopez. The rules are same to active teenagers.
Dr. Lopez suggests spending one hour a week or more on running and other forms of intensive exercise（剧烈运动）, together with fifteen minutes a day on stretching and bending activities. "These are really important in order to prevent injuries,"Dr. Lopez said. Some weight-training and other body-strengthening exercises could also be included in the programme in order to increase the person's strength.
青少年健康问题
现在青少年的健康是一个重大的问题,体育锻炼是非常重要的。它可以缓解压力,提高体质。运动使你的身体强壮,并帮助你保持正常的体重。作为一名运动科学家,海伦·洛佩向青少年提供以下建议：“首先，你需要了解自己目前的健康水平。然后你可以制定一个计划,帮助你变得更健康。"
洛佩兹博士说,有三个层次的健康需要改变生活方式。"超重"意味着这个人很少运动,经常有严重的体重问题。"不活跃"的意思是这个人不参加很多体育活动,但没有严重超重。"活跃的"是指参加体育运动但身体素质不高的人。
据洛佩兹博士说,超重的青少年应该保持活跃来保持健康。"每天骑一会儿自行车,打一会儿排球或篮球,然后步行20分钟。所有这些都有助于燃烧卡路里。"不活跃的青少年也应该做类似的活动,但要同时增加一些弯曲和伸展运动,如俯卧撑、仰卧起坐,从每天20个开始。"不爱运动的人可以比超重的人多做一点运动,因为他们的身体更强壮,"洛佩兹博说。这些规则对活跃的青少年也是一样的。
洛佩兹博士建议每周华一个小时或更多的时间在跑步和其他形式的剧烈运动上，连同每天15分钟做弯曲或伸展运动。“为了防止受伤，这些都非常重要，”洛佩兹博士说。一些重量训练和其他增强身体力量的运动也可以包括在计划中，以增加人的力量。
【Welcome to the unit】
1.A sound mind stars from a sound body. How can a weak body develop a sound mind？ --Cai Yuanpei
有健全之身体，始有健全之精神；若身体柔弱，则思想精神何由发达？ —蔡元培
【知识点一】sound
(1) adj. 健康的
2.What animal is best at hitting baseballs A bat! 什么动物最擅长打棒球？ 蝙蝠！
【知识点一】bat /b t/
(1)n.蝙蝠;球棒,球板
(2)vt. & vi. 用球棒（板）击球
【Reading】
1.What might prevent people from starting exercise 什么可能会阻止人们开始锻炼
【知识点一】prevent… from
(1) 阻止…,阻碍…
(2)阻止...做...:prevent+宾语+（from）doing
stop+宾语+（from）doing
keep+宾语+ from doing
ban+宾语+ from doing 禁止…做
注意：在以上结构中，被动语态里from均不可以省去，在主动语态中prevent与stop后面的from可省略，但在keep…from doing结构中的from不能省略。另外，keep sb.doing的意思是“让某人一直做”。
[练习]
（1）We should make every effort to prevent school violence from ____________（happen）.
（2）We must do what we can _________（prevent）the rivers from being polluted by factories.
（3）By slowly cutting deeper and deeper curves（[k v]曲线）, you prevent the glass _________ breaking as it changes shape.
2.Congratulations!You have just taken your first step towards a new and improved you! 恭喜! 你已经向一个全新的、更好的自我迈出了第一步!
【知识点一】congratulation /k n ɡr t u le n/
(1)n.祝贺,恭喜;贺词;恭贺
常见搭配：congratulations to sb. on sth.祝贺某人某事
Congratulations! 祝贺你! （口语）
offer/send congratulations to sb.（on sth.）向某人祝贺（某事）
(2)congratulate v. 祝贺,向…道贺;感到自豪
常见搭配：congratulate sb. on/upon sth. /doing sth.就（做）某事向某人祝贺
注意：congratulation用作祝贺语时，通常用复数形式；表示“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。
[练习]
（1）-- I got that job I wanted at the public library. --__________________（congratulate）!That's good news.
（2）I congratulate _________（I）on having chosen a good woman to be my wife.
（3）你应该为你出色的工作感到自豪。
You can __________________ _________ _________ having done an excellent job.
3.Understanding the benefits of exercise了解锻炼的好处
【知识点一】benefit
(1)n.优势;益处;成效
常见搭配：for one’s benefit ＝ for the benefit of sb.为了帮助某人;为了某人的利益
(2)v.得益于;得利于;使受益
常见搭配：benefit sb. /sth.对某人/物有益
benefit from/by 从…中受益
(3) beneficial adj. 有利的,有益的
常见搭配：be of benefit to ＝ be beneficial to 对…有益
[练习]
（1）When it comes to _________ benefit of volunteering, a lot of people think it's all about the warm feeling after helping someone.
（2）It is _________ great benefit to share your feelings with someone you trust.
（3）Please go to the country. I think the fresh air there is _________（benefit）to you.
4.Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind-but what exactly are its health benefits 大多数人认为定期锻炼对身心有奇效,但它对健康究竟有什么好处呢
【知识点一】assume / sju m/
(1)vt.假定,假设,认为; 承担(责任),担任,就(职)；呈现,显露
常见搭配：assume sb. /sth. to be…认为某人/事…
assuming （that）…假设…（引导条件状语从句）
It is assumed that…据认为…
(2)assumption n.假定,假设;
常见搭配：on the assumption that… 假定…
make the assumption/assumptions that… 作关于…的推测/假设
[练习]
（1）Some cyclists make the assumption _________ traffic laws do not apply to them, but this is not true.
（2）_________ was assumed that all humankind could do was to adapt to the rapidly changing conditions.
（3）We are working _________ the assumption that the conference（[ k nf r ns]会议）will take place as planned.
（4）_________ _________ _________ _________（人们认为）those people would be most likely to continue volunteer work.
5.It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 事实也证明,定期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统,患病的风险较低。
【知识点一】It has also been proven that...
事实证明......
常用于该结构的过去分词还有reported, said, known, believed, thought, announced, expected, stated 等
注意：上述结构可改为Sb./Sth.be said/thought/believed/hoped…to do/to be doing/to have done。
[练习]
（1）It is _________（report）that the enemy were ten miles away.
（2）同义句转换
1） It is supposed that he is working in that big company.
→He _________ _________ _________ _________ working in that big company.
2） It is said that Tom has written a new book about workers.
→Tom _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ new book about workers.
3） It is thought that she helps the people in need.
→ She _________ _________ the people in need.
【知识点二】tend
(1)v.往往会;趋向;趋于;照顾;护理
常见搭配：tend to do sth.常常会做某事;倾向于做某事
tend to/towards …趋向…;倾向…
tend（to）sb. /sth. （＝look after sb. /sth.）照顾某人/事;护理某人/事
(2)vt.&vi.照看;护理
常见搭配：tend（to）sb 照顾某人
(3)tendency n. 倾向;偏好
常见搭配：have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事
[练习]
（1）The sort of music I listen to varies（[ ve ri]不同）, but I tend _________ our folk music.
（2）People have a _________（tend）to place too much emphasis（[ emf s s]强调）on what experts say.
（3）Ambulance（[ mbj l ns]救护车）crews（[kru ]全体工作人员）were _________（tend）to the injured（[ nd d]伤员）.
（4）这些植物大多生长在偏远的 乡村地区。These plants _________ _________ _________ to grow in rural（[ r r l]农村的）areas.
【知识点三】immune / mju n/
(1)adj.有免疫力;不受影响的;免除的
5.When you plan an exercise routine,the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve.当你制定锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善。
【知识点一】routine /ru ti n/
(1)n.常规,惯例
常见搭配：follow the routine 遵守常规
(2)adj.常规的,例行的;乏味的
6.Flexibility training,including gymnastics and taichi, helps stretch your muscles and improve your body's range of movement.体操和太极拳等柔韧性训练有助于伸展肌肉,加大身体活动范围。
【知识点一】gymnastics /d m n st ks/
n.体操,体操训练
gymnasium /d m ne zi m/ n.体育馆，健身房（缩写：gym ）
【知识点二】stretch /stret /
(1) vt. & vi. 伸展,舒展;拉长;伸出;（使）延伸
【知识点三】muscle / m sl/
(1) n.肌肉,肌
【知识点四】range /re nd /
(1)n.一系列;范围,界限;射程;视觉（或听觉）范围
常见搭配：a range of 一系列,各种
in/within range（of sth.）在（某物的）范围内
out of/beyond range（of sth.）超出（某物的）范围
(2)vi.变化,变动;包括（各种不同的人或物） vt.（按一定位置或顺序）排列,排序
常见搭配：range from … to … 从…到…;在…到…范围之间变化
range between… and…在…到…之间
range in age/size/price from … to …年龄/尺寸/价格在…到…间变动
注意：range 作名词时还可以表示"山脉", a mountain range 意为"一条山脉"。
[练习]
（1）The national park has a large collection of wildlife,_________（range）from butterflies to elephants.
（2）Brooks surveys a wide range _________ disciplines（[ d s pl nz]学科）to find the reason why some students are happy and successful while others aren’t.
（3）The price ranges between＄25 _________＄400.
（4）It is _________ range of my ability, so I'm sorry I can’t help you.
（5）在这本小册子里,你可以看到各种名牌运动鞋的最新款式,价格从60美元到200美元不等。
In the small brochure（[ br (r)]）, you can see the latest models of sneakers（[ sni k (r)]）of different famous brands, _________ _________ _________ _________ ＄60 to＄200.
【知识点五】movement / mu vm nt/
(1)n.活动,转动;移动;运动
7.Above all,choose activities you enjoy because,in this way,you’re more likely to stick with them.最重要的是,选择你喜欢的活动,因为这样你更有可能坚持下去。
【知识点一】stick with
(1)坚持,持续（及物动词短语,后面要带宾语）
(2)与stick相关短语：stick at 坚持不懈地做
stick out 伸出;突出,显眼
stick to 坚持（真理等）,坚持干（某事）,忠于（to 为介词）
stick up 竖起;向上突起
stick up for 为…辩护,支持,拥护
get/be stuck in（ ＝ get/be caught in）被陷在…,被卡在…
stick by sb （当某人做错事或遇到困难时）继续支持;忠于某人
[练习]
（1）Stick _________ me until we get out of the crowd.
（2）If you stick _________ the truth, you will have nothing to fear.
（3）Perhaps he should have stuck _________ writing.
（4）陷在雪里的汽车发动不起来。 The car _________ _________ _________ _________ snow couldn’t start.
8.Foods like noodles,rice,fruit and vegetables give your body plenty of carbohydrates to keep up your energy during a long workout.像面条、大米、水果和蔬菜这样的食物给你的身体提供大量的碳水化合物,它们可以在长时间的锻炼中维持你的能量供给。
【知识点一】carbohydrate / kɑ b ha dre t/
(1)n.碳水化合物,糖类
【知识点二】energy / en d i/
(1) n.[U]能,能量;能源;活力[pl.]精力
常见搭配：full of energy 精力充沛;充满活力
nuclear（[ nju kli (r)]）/solar（[ s l (r)]）/renewable energy 核能/太阳能/可再生能源
(2) energetic adj. 精力充沛的;充满活力的
(3)辨析：
易混词 含义 例句
energy 指人的"精力",也指"能量;活力",多用作不可数名词 It’s a waste of time and energy.
strength 着重指人的"体力",也指"实力;优势" He pushed against the rock with all his strength.
force 指外力或武力,也指物理意义上的"力" The rioters were taken away by force.
power 泛指一切力量、能力、权力等,侧重本领或职权 The party came to power at the last election.
[练习]
（1）You are ____________（energy）. Can you tell me the secret
（2）许多国家正在增加对天然气、风能和其他形式能源的使用。
Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas,_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ .
（3）用 energy, strength, force或 power 的适当形式填空
1）In the old days, many kings came to _________ by _________.
2）Everyone has his own _________ and weaknesses.
3）With time and _________ saved, children can pursue（[p sju ]追求）their own interests.
9.When to eat is also of great importance. 什么时候吃也很重要。
【知识点一】is of great importance
很重要
be+ of + n. 结构在句中可以做表语或后置定语。该结构根据是否有对应的形容词可以分为两类:
①可以转化为同根形容词的:此时,"of+名词"结构用来说明句子的主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义等。这类名词有value, importance, use, help, benefit, significance（[s ɡ n f k ns]重要性）等,名词前可用great, little, some, no, much 等来修饰,用来说明程度。
E.g.The meeting is of great importance. ＝ The meeting is very important.
②不可以转化为形容词的:此时,"of+名词"结构用来说明句子的主语在重量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征。这类名词有colour, age, size, height, length（[le kθ]）, weight, shape, type, quality 等,名词前可用 different, the same,a(n)等来修饰。
E.g.Coins may be of different sizes, weights, shapes and metals.
③"be of + 抽象名词"结构的否定形式一般采用否定名词的做法,即"be of no+名词"。
E.g.As far as the study of English was concerned, what he said was of no use.
[练习]
（1）Mothers’ labour（[ le b (r)]劳动）is _________ higher value than it is realized.
（2）What he said at the meeting was _________ _________ _________（很有价值）.
（3）The discovery of the new drug is _________ _________ _________（非常重要）to people who suffer from heart trouble.
（4）Please give these things to charities. They are _________ _________ _________（没有用）to me.
（5）My sister and I are _________ _________ _________（一样高）.
9.In general,you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising. 一般来说,你应该在进食后平均等上1.5到2.5个小时再运动。
【知识点一】average
n.平均数;一般水准;平均水平
常见搭配：an average of…平均有…
the average of……的平均数
up to the average 达到平均水平
on（an/the）average 平均来看
above/below（the）average 在平均水平以上/以下
adj.平均的;正常的,普通的;典型的
(3) linking v. 平均为
注意：“an average of +复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数；“the average of +复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数。
[练习]
（1）_________ average, we receive five letters each day.
（2）The prices are a little _________ average, but they’re of the highest quality.
（3）写出 average 在句子中的词性和词义
1）Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8 ℃ since 1990._______________
2）The boats remain at sea for an average of ten days at a time. _______________
3）There was nothing special about the meal; it was average. _______________
10.Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost to sweat.记住运动时全程都要喝水,以弥补流汗所造成的水分流失。
【知识点一】throughout /θru a t/
(1) prep.&adv.自始至终;各处,遍及
(2)常见搭配：throughout the night一整夜
throughout one’s life 某人毕生;某人的一生中
throughout the country 遍及全国
(3)辨析：through 与 throughout
through 意为"穿过;贯穿"; throughout 意为"在…各处;遍及",比 through 更强调"完全"。
throughout 与 all through 或者 all over 同义。
throughout the world/all over the world/all through the world 全世界
【知识点二】make up for
(1) 补偿,弥补
(2)与make相关的短语：make up 构成,组成;编造;创作;布置;化妆;和好,和解
be made up of 由…构成,组成
make out 理解;辨清
be made of/from 由…制成
(3)辨析：make up 与 make up for
make up 和 make up for 都有"弥补"的意思。
区别在于: make up 表示弥补耽误了的事或补上、凑齐某事物。侧重于用谎言或不实的东西掩盖。
make up for 表示用其他方式来进行弥补,使其平衡（弥补因过去某些原因而耽误的时间或对某人的亏欠）不仅仅是说"用某物去弥补某物"。
[练习]
（1）I think it's very unkind of you to make _________ stories about him.
（2）Her beauty can’t make up _________ her stupidity（[stju p d ti]愚蠢）.
（3）I heard the voices, but couldn’t make _________ what they were saying.
（4）医疗队由十二名医生组成。The medical team _________ _________ _________ _________ twelve doctors.
（5）好天气弥补了组织上的不足。The good weather _________ _________ _________ the bad organization.
【知识点三】sweat /swet/
n.汗水 vi.& vi.出汗,流汗
sweaty adj.被汗水湿透的
10.Avoiding injury 避免受伤
【知识点一】injury / nd ri/
(1)n.伤害,损伤
常见搭配：do sb. an injury 伤害某人
be an injury to sb. 伤害…;危害…;对…有害
(2)injure v.损害;伤害
(3) injured adj. 受伤的
常见搭配：the injured 伤员
get injured 受伤
(4)辨析：
易混词 含义 例句
injury 多指对身体、机能等的伤害,尤指意外事故中的"伤害" He escaped from the train wreck without injury.
wound 多指战斗、攻击中所造成的"伤;伤口" The soldier received a wound in the leg.
hurt 普通用语,多指精神上的"创伤" There was hurt and anger in her voice.
harm 多指给人的身体或精神带来的"伤害" He would never frighten anyone or cause them any harm.
[练习]
（1）-- What did the doctor say about your _________（injure） -- She said I should avoid doing too much exercise.
（2）车祸中小汽车司机的胳膊和腿受到严重的伤害。
The driver of the car received _________ _________ to the arms and legs in the traffic accident.
11.To prevent soft tissue injury,make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 为了防止软组织受伤,在运动时一定要穿合适的衣服并配备适当的装备。
【知识点一】prevent /pr vent/
(1)vt.阻止,阻碍
常见搭配：prevent sb from doing…阻止某人做某事
(2)prevention n.阻止
【知识点二】tissue / t u /
(1) n.（人、动植物细胞的）组织;（尤指用作手帕的）纸巾,手巾纸
【知识点三】equipment / kw pm nt/
(1) n.设备[U];配备,装备
常见搭配：a piece of equipment 一件设备
firefighting equipment 消防设备
office equipment 办公设备
(2)equip v. 装备;配备;使有知识和技能;使能够胜任
常见搭配：equip… with…用…装备…;为…配备…
be equipped with…装备…;具备…
equip oneself with sth.使自己准备好某物
equip sb. for（doing）sth.使某人为（做）某事而准备
equip sth. for…为…而装备某物
be equipped to do 配有装备以做…
well/poorly equipped 装备精良的/较差的
[练习]
（1）Is it a piece of _________（equip）for the kitchen
（2）It is required that all the vehicle（[ vi kl]车辆）companies should equip their cars _________ safety belts.
（3）你的培训将使你能够为将来的工作做好准备。
Your training will _________ you _________ your future job.
为了考试,请给自己准备一支锋利的铅笔和一块橡皮。
Please _________ _________ _________ a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.
【知识点三】when exercising
that 宾语从句中省略形式的时间状语从句,补充完整为 when you are exercising
状语从句的省略句式：
一般来说,省略现象常出现在下列五种状语从句中:由 when, while, as, till, until, once 等引导的时间状语从句;由 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句;由 though, although, even if, whatever 等引导的让步状语从句;由 as, than 等引导的比较状语从句;由 as, as if, as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时,要遵循以下原则:
①当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句中含有 be动词的某种形式时,可以省略状语从句的主语和 be 动词,这时从句中可以出现如下结构:
连词+名词/形容词/介词短语连词+现在分词
连词+过去分词
连词+不定式
E.g.Work hard when（you are）young, or you’ll regret.
②当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致,但从句的主语是 it,从句中又含有 be 动词的某种形式时,可以把 it 和 be 动词一起省略。
E.g.If（it is）necessary, I will come to see you off tomorrow.
③掌握下列短语:if any 如果有的话; if so 如果是这样的话; if ever 如果曾经有的话; if not 如果不这样的话。
E.g.What action, if any, do you take
注意：对状语从句的省略的考查主要是让考生判断连词后面用哪种非谓语形式，解这类题的关键是要弄清楚从句中的动词与其逻辑主语(即主句的主语)之间的关系，如果是主谓关系通常要用现在分词，如果是动宾关系通常要用过去分词。
[练习]
（1）The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _________（carry）out regularly, can improve our health.
（2）--Who should be responsible for the accident -- The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order as _________（tell）.
（3）It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. If _________, we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
（4）Unless _________（invite）, he will not come back to the company.
（5）Once _________（publish）, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
（6）You should be careful while _________（cross）the road.
She gave me a comforting smile, nodded _________ _________ _________（当耐心地听的时候）,and then printed out the ticket immediately.
_________ _________（如果有必要）, you should turn to your parents for help.
12.Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their lack of exercise during the weekdays.另一些人在工作日缺乏锻炼，作为弥补，他们在周末锻炼几个小时。
【知识点一】lack /l k/
(1) n.缺乏；短缺；匮乏
常见搭配：（a）lack of ... 缺乏......
for lack of 因缺乏…
(2) vt. & vi. 没有,缺乏,不足,短缺
常见搭配：lack（for）nothing 没有欠缺
lacking adj. 缺少的；不足的；不在场；得不到
常见搭配：be lacking in 缺少（后加表示抽象概念的名词,如patience, confidence）
注意：lack可作及物动词，后直接跟宾语，但通常不用于被动语态
[练习]
（1）The trip was cancelled through lack _________ interest.
（2）_________（lack）in experience, he lost the job.
（3）因为没钱,这个人小时候没有上学。
1）The man didn’t go to school when he was young because he _________ _________ _________（lack v.）
2）The man didn’t go to school when he was young _________ _________ _________ _________（lack n.）
【Grammar and usage】
1.We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again! 我们很高兴地宣布,社区体育中心不久将再次向公众开放!
【知识点一】announce / na ns/
(1)vt.宣布;宣告（决定,计划等）;通知;声称
常见搭配：announce sth.（ to sb.）（向某人）宣布/宣告某事
It is announced that... 据宣布......
(2)announcement n.（一项）公告；布告；通告；宣布
常见搭配： make an announcement 发布公告
(3)announcer n.播音员
注意：announce后不能跟双宾语，即没有announce sb. sth.结构，应用announce sth.to sb.。
(4)辨析：
易混词 区别 例句
announce 多指提前宣布或公开宣告大家关心的事或某事预示着……的到来 We are pleased to announce that all five candidates were successful.
declare [d kle (r)] 一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度，后面可跟复合宾语。还有“断言，宣称”之意 The result of the election will be declared soon.
[练习]
（1）An __________________（announce）will be made soon on the bulletin（[ b l t n]布告）board.
（2）Before the hostess _________ _________ _________（宣布获胜者）, she asked the audience to calm down.
（3）_________ _________ _________ _________（据宣布）only when the fire was under control would the residents（[ rez d nt]居民）be permitted（[p m t]允许）to return to their homes.
（4）用 announce 或 declare 的适当形式填空
1）Footsteps（脚步声）_________ his return.Shall we go and meet him
2）The bright flowers and warm winds _________ that spring is here.
3）Jane _________ that she would rather resign than change her decision.
4）The news was _________ by CCTV.
5）The government has _________ war on drug dealers（[ dr ɡ di l (r)]毒品走私犯）.
2.The finishing touches are now being put to a new swimming pool and our workout rooms have been updated with modern equipment. 新的游泳池进行最后的装修,我们的健身房也已经更新了现代化的设备。
【知识点一】put finishing touches to
(1)对…进行最后的润色或修饰
【知识点二】update / pde t/
(1) vt. 更新；是现代化；为......提供最新的情况/信息
常见搭配：update sth. 更新某物
update sb. on... 为某人提供最新......
(2)n.最新消息,快讯
(3)与date相关的短语：out of date 过时的
up to date 最新的,时髦的
make/have a date with sb.与某人约会
set/fix a date 确定日期
date back to ＝ date from 追溯于;始于
[练习]
（1）The minister’s（[ m n st (r)]大臣）advisers updated her _________ the situation.
（2）I know you will have a date _________ Mary tonight.
（3）These works must date _________ the middle of the 7th century.
（4）我们一有消息我就会告诉他们。
I would just _________ _________ _________any news we might have.
（5）那本书中的许多信息现在已经过时了。
Much of the information in that book is now _________ _________ _________.
3.In response to public interest,our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance.为了满足公众的喜好,我们的有氧运动课程已经停开,取而代之的是一些有趣的课程,包括现代舞。
【知识点一】response
(1) n.回答;反应
常见搭配：in response to 对…作出反应;满足…的需要
(2)respond vi. 回答,回应;响应,作出反应
常见搭配： respond to 对…作出回应
[练习]
（1）It was some time before the door opened _________ response to his ringing the doorbell.
（2）Like any other public servants, the police must respond _________ public demands.
（3）这样的小组规模适中,可以使老师们照顾到每一个学生的需求。
This modest group size allows the teachers to _________ _________ the needs of each student.
【知识点二】aerobic /e r b k/
(1)adj. 有氧的;需氧的
【知识点三】replace
(1)vt.代替,取代;用…替换;接替;更换,更新
常见搭配：replace A with/by B 用 B 替换 A
(2)placement n.替换;更换
(3)replaceable adj. 可代替的;可替换的
(4)与place相关的短语：take the place of sb/take one’s place 代替某人;取代某人（=replace）
in place of sb/in one’s place 代替某人;取代某人
[练习]
（1）John is ill and has been replaced in our team _________ Tom.
（2）But this isn’t an excuse to use images _________ place of text.
（3）Who’s going to take _________（he）place after he leaves
4.Better still,we will update our fitness courses every few months so that more popular courses can be included.更棒的是,我们将每隔几个月更新我们的健身课程，以便能涵盖更多受欢迎的课程。
【知识点一】so that
so that 引导目的状语从句，"以便,为了", 从句中常含有情态动词。
E.g. We started off early so that we could catch the first bus.
so that 引导结果状语从句, "因此,结果",从句中往往没有情态动词,而且主从句之间常用逗号隔开。
E.g.He was very humorous, so that we liked him very much.
(3) in order that 也可以引导目的状语从句,常与 so that互换, so that 一般不用于句首,而in order that可用于句首。
(4)当 so that/in order that 引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时,可将从句简化为 so as to/in order to 结构。注意: so as to 不能放在句首,而in order to可以放在句首。
[练习]
（1）He left early so that he could avoid the traffic jam.同义句转换
1）He left early _________ _________ _________ he could avoid the traffic jam.
2）He left early _________ _________ _________ avoid the traffic jam.
3）_________ _________ _________ avoid the traffic jam, he left early.
4.We look forward to seeing you here! 我们期待在这里见到你！
【知识点一】look forward to
期望，期待
词短语中的to为介词，后接名词、代词、动词-ing
类似的动词短语:get/be used to习惯于
object to反对
stick to坚持
devote…to献身于，致力于
get down to开始认真考虑；着手处理
pay attention to注意
contribute to促成，导致
lead to导致；通向
[练习]
（1）He was looking forward to _________（work）with the man.
（2）我现在期望尽早回到工作岗位。
I now look forward to _________ _________ to work as soon as possible.
（3）时间所剩不多了,让我们开始修理这台机器吧。
There’s not much time left. Let's get down to _________ _________ _________.
（4）我从来没有习惯于这么晚上床睡觉。I never got used to _________ _________ _________ so late.
【语法】
现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态
1、被动语态的使用场合：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要，动作承受者须强调。
2、现在进行时及其被动语态：
①现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作。
②现在进行时中主动语态的谓语为 am/is/are doing
被动语态的谓语为 am/is/are being done。
③be under/in…+n."可用来表示现在进行时的被动含义,如 is under construction 表示 is being constructed; is in preparation 表示 is being prepared。
3、现在完成时及其被动语态：
①现在完成时表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些表示不确定的时间的状语连用,如: just, already, yet,ever, recently, lately, so far, up to/till now, in the last/past few days/years 等。
②现在完成时表示过去已经开始,一直持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态,常与"since+时间点"或"for+时间段"等表示一段时间的状语连用。注意：谓语动词需用延续性动词
③表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在已经成为一种经历,常与 twice, ever, never, three times, before 等时间状语连用。
④现在完成时的常用句型
It is/has been+一段时间+ since 从句（从句用一般过去时）
It/This/That is the first/second/… time that sb have/has done…
This/That/It is+形容词最高级+名词+定语从句（从句常用现在完成时）
⑤现在完成时中主动语态的谓语为 have/has+过去分词
被动语态的谓语为 have/has been+过去分词
4、不能用被动语态的几种情况
①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
②表示状态的动词,如 last, hold, contain, fit, cost 等。
③表示归属的动词,如 have, own 等。
④表示"希望、意图、喜好"的动词,如wish, want, hope, like, love, hate 等。
⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。
⑥宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等,谓语动词不用被动语态。
5、主动形式表被动意义
①当 feel, look, smell, taste, sound 等后面接形容词时;
②当 cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash等作为不及物动词表示主语内在"品质"或"性能"时;当动词表示"开始、结束、关、停、转、启动"等意义时。
③当happen,occur,break out,take place, shut off, turn off, work out 等动词（短语）表示"发生、关闭、制定"等意思时。
④want, require, need 后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。
⑤be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义。
[练习]
1. My washing machine __________________（repair）now, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
2. A new cinema __________________（build）here. They hope to finish it next month.
3. Up to now, the novel __________________（translate）into many languages and is known all over the world.
4. It is reported that many new houses __________________（build）in this area.
5. This is the first time that I __________________（invite）to London.
6. Such a thing has never __________________（hear）of before.
7. The professor is delighted（[d la t]高兴）to find that two thirds of the project __________________（finish）by the students independently.
8. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what __________________（mark）.
9. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house __________________（rebuild）.
10. In recent years, stress __________________ （regard）as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
【Integrated skills，Extended reading，Project，Assessment，Further study】
1.Cannot concentrate at school在校时注意力无法集中
【知识点一】concentrate
(1) v.集中;聚精会神;集合
常见搭配：concentrate on/upon（doing）sth.专心于（做）某事
concentrate one’s mind/attention/energy/efforts on 集中某人的注意力于;集中某人的精力于
(2)concentration n.集中;专心;关注
(3)其他表“专心于，集中于”的短语：focus/fix one's attention on
put one's mind to
put one's heart into
be absorbed in
be lost in
apply oneself/one's mind to
[练习]
（1）He was expected to concentrate _________ his studies and make something of himself.
（2）If you apply yourself _________ the job in hand, you’ll soon finish it.
（3）Nothing is difficult if you put your heart _________ it.
（4）She is absorbed _________ music.
（5）We students must concentrate our efforts on _________（improve）our grades.
（6）你必须专注于提高你的英语水平。
You must concentrate your attention on _________ _________ _________.
2.I've been feeling a bit under the weather recently. 我最近感觉有点不舒服。
【知识点一】under the weather
(1)略有不适,不舒服
2.Plus I take part in a lot of after-school activities. 而且我参加了很多课外活动。
【知识点一】plus /pl s/
(1)conj.而且，此外
(2)prep. 加；和
【知识点二】take part in
(1)参加；参与
(2)常见搭配：take part in (doing) sth. 参加/参与（做）某事
take an active part in 积极地参加......
take a leading part in 在......中起带头作用
(3) 辨析：
易混词(组) 区别
participate in “参加，参与”,正式用语。强调参加某一共同的活动，暗示以一种积极的态度参加
attend 正式用语， 一般指参加/出席会议、典礼或招待会等，也可指上学、上课、听演讲或讲座等
join 及物动词。通常指参加某组织或团体并成为其中的一员，也可指加入到别人正在进行的动作或活动中去
take part in 指参加群众性的活动，侧重于主语参加该活动并在其中发 挥一定作用。part前若有修饰语，则要加不定冠词，如take an active part in
join in 指参加某一活动，其宾语一般是小规模的竞赛、娱乐、谈话、讨论、聚会、游戏等名词
[练习]
（1）At that time, the problem of whether we should take part _________ the Olympic Games or not arose（[ r z]出现）.
（2）Everyone in the class is expected to participate _________ these discussions.
（3）His wife and children came to join _________ the party.
（4）She actively participated in local politics. （用 part 改写句子）
She _________ _________ _________ _________ in local politics.
（5）他们都参加了这次比赛。They all _________ _________ _________ the competition.
（6）因为生病他昨天没上学。He didn’t _________ school yesterday because of his illness.
3.I’m also concerned about money.我还担心钱。
【知识点一】concern
(1)v.（使）担忧;涉及;关系到
(2)n.担心;关心
(3)concerned adj.担心的;忧虑的;感兴趣的;关注的,关切的
常见搭配：as far as… be concerned 就…而言
be concerned about/for（＝concern oneself about/for）对…担心/关心
be concerned with sb. /sth. （＝concern oneself with sb. / sth.）与某人/某事有关
(4)concerning prep.关于;涉及
[练习]
（1）Present at the meeting were headmasters of the schools _________（concern）.
（2）The book is mainly concerned _________ the situation in that country.
（3）The President expressed great concern _________ the traffic accident.
（4）父母关心他们孩子们的安全。 Parents _________ _________ _________ their children’s safety.
5.Imagine jogging along the same path every morning, repeating the same movement day after day and having no one to talk to! 想象一下,每天早上沿着同一条小路慢跑,日复一日地重复同样的动作,却没有人可以交谈!
【知识点一】jogging / d ɡ /
(1)n.慢跑锻炼
【知识点二】having no one to talk to
(1) "have+宾语+ to do"结构，to do是不定式做定语, have 意为"有",不定式动作由主语发出,用主动形式表示被动意义。
(2)have sth.done 中过去分词做宾语补足语,表示被动的含义,有时也可用 get sth.done 来替换,该结构的意思是"使某事被做",有时翻译成"请人做某事"或"主语遭遇到某事"。
(3)have sb. do sth. 让某人/某物做某事,表示经常性的动作 或某次具体的动作,不定式必须省略 to。宾语是动作的执行者。
(4)have sb. /sth. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事/让某物一直处于某种状态
注意：have sth./sb.to do中，如果不定式所接动词是不及物动词，则其后一定要带上介词。
[练习]
（1）I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _________（catch）.
（2）During the Qin Dynasty, to keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls _________（join）up.
（3）The two men had the lights _________（burn）all night long.
（4）I’ll have the gardener _________（plant）some trees.
（5）让机器一直不停地运转不是一个好主意。
It is not a good idea to _________ _________ _________ _________ all the time.
（6）她提醒我那天晚上我有一个会议要参加。
She reminds me that I _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ that evening.
6.What would you do in my position 你要是碰到我这种情况会怎么做
【知识点一】position /p z n/
(1)n.处境;位置;姿势;观点;地位;适当的位置
(2)常见搭配：in/out of position 在/不在适当的位置
in a（n）... position 在…...的位置/处境
5.When my friend first suggested that we join the new Tai Chi Club at school, I hesitated. 当我的朋友第一次建议我们加入学校新成立的太极拳俱乐部时,我犹豫了。
【知识点一】suggest that
(1) suggest 作"建议"讲时,后面的从句要用虚拟语气,即（should+）do;作"暗示,表明"讲时,其后的从句用陈述语气。
(2)常见搭配：suggest（doing）sth. 建议（做）某事
suggest sth. to sb. 向某人建议某事
It is suggested that sb.（should）do sth. 人们建议某人做某事。
(3) suggestion n. 建议
注意：advise/advice,propose/proposal,order,command,demand,require,request,insist,recommend后接的that从句谓语通常用“(should +)动词原形”。
[练习]
（1）It’s suggested that he _________（ask）his teacher for help.
（2）He suggested _________（go）out for a walk.
（3）Her expression suggested that she _________（be）angry.
（4）I suggest he _________（go）to the railway station earlier in case he misses the train.
（5）他的建议是我们首先说服她待在这儿。His suggestion is that we _________ _________ her to stay here first.
（6）命令士兵立即出发。It is ordered that soldiers _________ _________ _________ at once.
【知识点二】tai chi
(1)n.太极拳,太极
【知识点三】hesitate / hez te t/
(1) v.犹豫,迟疑不决;顾虑,疑虑
常见搭配：hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事;不愿做某事
hesitate about/in/at/over（doing）sth.（做）某事犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n. 犹豫;踌躇;迟疑
常见搭配：without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事
(3)hesitant adj. 犹豫的;迟疑的
[练习]
（1）Paul started to speak but _________（hesitate）, searching for just the right words.
（2）He was still hesitating about _________（take）the job.
（3）Don’t hesitate _________（ask）me if you have any questions.
6.After the first class,however,I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi. 然而,上完第一节课后,我不得不承认我对太极拳的看法是错误的。
【知识点一】admit / d m t/
(1)v.承认;招认;准许进入;准许加入
常见搭配：admit doing sth. /having done sth. /that 从句 承认做某事/做过某事/…
admit to sb （that）… 向某人承认…
admit sb to/into… 接收某人（入学）;允许某人进入…
be admitted as…作为…被接受
（sb）be admitted to/into… （某人）被准许进入…;（某人）被…录取
It is admitted that…人们公认…
(2)admission n.承认;录取;允许进入;入场费
常见搭配：apply for admission 申请加入
admission charges/prices 入场费/票价
[练习]
（1）The exam will determine（[d t m n]决定）whether I can _________（admit）to a graduate program or not.
（2）I want to thank you for all of the tomatoes, and I have to _________（admit）that I took a few other things and hope you wouldn’t mind.
（3）He admitted _________（cheat）in the exam.
7.Just as importantly, practising tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it. 同样重要的是,练习太极拳激发了我探索太极拳背后的中国文化的兴趣。
【知识点一】inspire / n spa (r)/
(1) vt.激励;鼓舞;启发思考;使产生（感觉或情感）
常见搭配：inspire sb. to do sth. 激励/鼓舞某人做某事
inspire sb. with … ＝ inspire … in sb. 使某人产生…（感觉或情感）
(2)inspired adj. 激动人心的;卓越的
(3)inspiring adj. 激励的;启发灵感的;鼓舞人心的
(4)inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
[练习]
（1）What inspired him _________（give）such a brilliant performance
（2）His speech was _________（inspire）and touched my heart.
（3）The good news inspired us _________ hope.
（4）Poets and artists often draw their _________（inspire）from nature.
【知识点二】explore / k spl (r)/
vt. & vi. 探究,探索;勘探,勘察
exploration n.探索
9.No wonder some tai chi moves are named after animals-Chinese martial arts have a long- standing practice of imitating animals. 一些太极拳动作以动物命名不足为奇--中国武术有模仿动物的悠久传统。
【知识点一】no wonder
(1)不足为奇,并不奇怪
(2)no wonder 后可以跟从句,意为"难怪…;怪不得…",相当于 It’s no wonder （that）…
(3)wonder n.惊奇;奇迹 v.对…感到疑惑;想知道;对…感到惊讶
常见搭配：in wonder 惊奇地
work/do wonders 创造奇迹;取得惊人成效
It’s a wonder （that）… 奇怪的是…
（It's）no/little/small wonder that…不足为奇;并不奇怪
wonder about/at…对…感到惊讶
I wonder if/whether… 我不知道是否…
【知识点二】imitate / m te t/
vt.模仿;仿效
imitation n. 腰品;模仿
8.With these requirements of tai chi in mind,I found to my satisfaction that my balance and flexibility slowly improved, that I was able to do more difficult moves, and that my love for tai chi returned stronger than ever. 让我欣慰的是,记住太极拳的这些要求后,我发现自己的平衡性和柔韧性慢慢有所改善,我能完成难度更大的动作,而且我比以前更喜爱太极拳了。
【知识点一】satisfaction / s t s f k n/
(1) n.[U,C]满意;满足;令人满意的事物;[U]（需要或欲望的）满足
常见搭配：to sb.'s satisfaction＝to the satisfaction of sb. 令某人满意的是
with satisfaction 满意地
(2) satisfy vt.（使）满足;（使）满意
(3) satisfied adj. 满意的,满足的
常见搭配：be/feel satisfied with…对…感到满意
(4) satisfactory adj. 令人满意的;令人高兴的
(5) satisfying adj. 令人满意的;合适的
[练习]
（1）Being able to work with children is one of the greatest __________________（satisfy）of this job.
（2）He could not provide a __________________（satisfaction）excuse for his absence.
（3）令我们满意的是,我们大多数人得到了我们所期望的东西。
_________ _________ __________________, most of us got what we had expected.
（4）他对自己的新车感到满意。 He _________ _________ _________ his new car.
9.I discovered that tai chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang，which are believed to form the unity of opposites.我发现太极拳深深根植于中国的阴阳哲学，中国哲学认为阴和阳是既对立又统一的。
【知识点一】root
(1) vt.& vi.（使）生根
(2) n.根,根茎;根源,起因
(3)be rooted in 起源于…;由…产生
【知识点二】philosophy /f l s fi/
(1) n.哲学
(2)philosopher n.哲学家
(3)philosophical adj.哲学的
【知识点三】unity / ju n ti/
(1)n.统一的，联合体，整体；团结一致，联合，统一
(2)unite v.(使)联合，(使)团结，(使)统一
(3)united adj.团结的，统一的；共同的，一致的；
9.Neither can exist independent of the other;for example,there is no shadow without light.两者都不可能独立于对方存在;例如,没有光就没有影。
【知识点一】exist / ɡ z st/
(1) vi.存在;生活,生存
常见搭配：exist in 存在于…之中
exist on 靠…生存;靠…生活
There exists/existed…存在…
注意：exist只用作不及物动词，因此没有被动语态，且通常不用于进行时。
(2)existence n.存在;生活
常见搭配：come into existence 开始存在
[练习]
（1）Nowadays, there are still many people wondering when the earth came into _________（exist）.
（2）_________ existed an obvious conflict between the accounts of the witnesses, so no judgment was announced in court（[k t]法庭）.
（3）As a matter of fact, there exists a good way to solve the _________（exist）problem.
（4）他们要靠这么微薄的收入生活是不可能的。
It was impossible for them to _________ _________ such a small income.
11.The practice of tai chi aims to maintain the balance of yin and yang in the body through opposite movements: forwards and backwards,up and down, left and right, breathing in and breathing out. 太极拳练习的目的是通过前后、上下、左右、吸气、呼气等相反的动作来保持体内的阴阳平衡。
【知识点一】maintain /me n te n/
(1)vt.维持;维修,保养
【知识点二】backward(s) / b kw dz/
adv.向后；朝反方向
【知识点三】breathe /bri /
(1)vi. & vt.呼吸;呼出
常见搭配：breathe in/out吸气/呼气
breathe deeply 深呼吸
breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负;松了口气
(2)breath /breθ/ n.呼吸
常见搭配：take a（long/deep）breath（深深地）吸一口气
take one’s breath away 令某人惊叹/叫绝
get one’s breath again 恢复正常呼吸
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
catch one’s breath 恢复正常呼吸;喘口气
be out of breath 喘不过气来
be short of breath 呼吸困难
don’t waste your breath/save your breath 别浪费口
(3)breathless adj.气喘吁吁的;喘不过气来的
10.Eventually, tai chi brings about a state of physical balance and metal peace. 最终，太极拳带来了身体平衡和心态平和的状态。
【知识点一】bring about
(1)引起;导致;带来
(2)与bring相关的短语：bring up 抚养；提出
bring in 带来；盈利
bring out 使......显示；出版
bring down 降低；击落
bring back 拿回来；使......恢复；使......回忆起来
bring along 拿来；带来
bring forward 提前
注意：bring about意为“引起，导致”时，与其含义相近的单词或短语还有lead to,result in,cause等。
[练习]
（1）The Internet has brought _________ many changes in our work, study and life.
（2）石油价格下跌导致了商业活动的增加。
1）____________________________________________________________________________（用 lead to）
2）____________________________________________________________________________（用 result in）
3）____________________________________________________________________________（用 cause）
4）___________________________________________________________________________（用 bring about）
【拓展词汇】
1.criterion [kra t ri n] n.标准;准则
The most important criterion for entry is that applicants must design and make their own work.最重要的参赛标准是申请者必须设计并制作自己的作品。
2. refresh [r fre ] v.使恢复精力
Many people view these meetings as an occasion to share ideas and refresh friendship. 许多人都把这些会面看成是交流想法和保持友谊长青的机会。
3.tournament [ t n m nt] n.锦标赛
No professionals may participate in the amateur tennis tournament. 任何职业选手均不得参加业余网球锦标赛。
4.track [tr k] n.轨道;田径运动
When I was in the track team, I used to run the 200-metre.过去我在田径队时,常跑200米。
5.sneaker [ sni k (r)] n.运动鞋
Old Chinese sneaker brands have been getting a lot of attention these days. 如今,中国的老运动鞋品牌正获得广泛关注。
6.stadium [ ste di m] n.体育场;运动场
A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to cheer them on. 1,000 名支持者挤进体育馆里为他们加油。
【话题拓展】
Teenagers’ fitness problems
Teenagers’ fitness is now a major concern, to which physical exercise is very important. It eases stress and improves fitness. Exercise makes your body strong, and helps you to keep the right weight. A sports scientist, Dr. Helen Lopez, offers the following advice to teenagers, "First, you need to find out your present fitness level. Then you can make a programme that will help you become healthier."
Dr. Lopez says that there are three levels of fitness that need a change of lifestyle. "Overweight" means that the person does very little exercise and often has a serious weight problem. "Inactive"means that the person does not join in many physical activities, but is not seriously overweight. "Active"refers to people who take part in sports but do not have a high fitness level.
According to Dr. Lopez, overweight teenagers should keep active to keep healthy."Ride a bike, play volleyball or basketball for a while, and go for a twenty-minute walk each day. All these will help to burn calories. "Inactive teenagers should do similar activities, but add some bending and stretching exercises（弯曲和伸展运动）at the same time, such as push-ups and sit-ups, starting with twenty for each a day. "Inactive people can take a little more exercise than overweight people because their bodies are stronger," said Dr. Lopez. The rules are same to active teenagers.
Dr. Lopez suggests spending one hour a week or more on running and other forms of intensive exercise（剧烈运动）, together with fifteen minutes a day on stretching and bending activities. "These are really important in order to prevent injuries,"Dr. Lopez said. Some weight-training and other body-strengthening exercises could also be included in the programme in order to increase the person's strength.
青少年健康问题
现在青少年的健康是一个重大的问题,体育锻炼是非常重要的。它可以缓解压力,提高体质。运动使你的身体强壮,并帮助你保持正常的体重。作为一名运动科学家,海伦·洛佩向青少年提供以下建议：“首先，你需要了解自己目前的健康水平。然后你可以制定一个计划,帮助你变得更健康。"
洛佩兹博士说,有三个层次的健康需要改变生活方式。"超重"意味着这个人很少运动,经常有严重的体重问题。"不活跃"的意思是这个人不参加很多体育活动,但没有严重超重。"活跃的"是指参加体育运动但身体素质不高的人。
据洛佩兹博士说,超重的青少年应该保持活跃来保持健康。"每天骑一会儿自行车,打一会儿排球或篮球,然后步行20分钟。所有这些都有助于燃烧卡路里。"不活跃的青少年也应该做类似的活动,但要同时增加一些弯曲和伸展运动,如俯卧撑、仰卧起坐,从每天20个开始。"不爱运动的人可以比超重的人多做一点运动,因为他们的身体更强壮,"洛佩兹博说。这些规则对活跃的青少年也是一样的。
洛佩兹博士建议每周华一个小时或更多的时间在跑步和其他形式的剧烈运动上，连同每天15分钟做弯曲或伸展运动。“为了防止受伤，这些都非常重要，”洛佩兹博士说。一些重量训练和其他增强身体力量的运动也可以包括在计划中，以增加人的力量。