Unit 4 Natural disasters素养综合检测（含解析）
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| 名称 | Unit 4 Natural disasters素养综合检测（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-12-07 16:11:33 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4 · 素养综合检测
(满分100分,限时60分钟)
Ⅰ.完形填空(每小题3分,共30分)
【人与自然·敬畏自然】(2023广东深圳实验学校开学考试)
This is a story about a storm in Moscow. It happened two and a half years ago. It was my first time that I had seen such a 1 storm.
It was a sunny day in July, and I was at home watching TV. The window was open because the weather was so 2 . Suddenly, I felt a strong wind from outside. I looked out of the window and saw a black sky and trees 3 over because of the strong wind. I tried to 4 the window, but the wind made me fall down. I was afraid that the glass might break. I stood up and tried to close the window again. 5 , I made it.
Then I looked outside. I found that the big tree in front of my house was going to fall to the ground and its 6 had broken off. There was frequent thunder and lightning. I started to 7 all the appliances (电器) as quickly as possible.
After a while,the wind stopped,but it began to hail (下冰雹).After about ten minutes, everything stopped, and the sun came out again. How 8 the weather was! A few minutes later, the phone began to ring. It was my friend. We asked each other how it was and how we felt after the storm.
In the streets, many trees died because of the 9 . For a few days, people helped clean parks and gardens. Some people's cars were damaged by trees 'falling branches on them. The 10 tells me that in the face of natural disasters, human beings are insignificant (微不足道的). We can't stop them, but we must protect ourselves from them.
1.A.terrible B.lively C.gentle D.common
2.A.cold B.hot C.bad D.foggy
3.A.coming B.taking C.blowing D.running
4.A.break B.brush C.choose D.close
5.A.Luckily B.Recently C.Loudly D.Probably
6.A.patterns B.branches C.tools D.signs
7.A.switch off B.turn on C.turn down D.pick up
8.A.hard B.popular C.colorful D.strange
9.A.trick B.accident C.storm D.habit
10.A.expression B.experience C.challenge D.exchange
Ⅱ.阅读理解(每小题4分,共16分)
【人与社会·发明创新】(2022辽宁沈阳铁西区一模)
Scientists say they've developed a new system(系统). It can use “machine learning” to predict when and where lightning(闪电) will strike(袭击). The research was led by engineers from Switzerland.
European researchers have estimated(估算) between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power cuts, destroy houses and start forest fires. For these reasons, some climate scientists have studied to develop methods of predicting and controlling lightning. But no system has been created to effectively predict lightning.
The new system is being tested in the experiments(实验). It used a combination of data(数据;资料) from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model. It was set to tell weather conditions that were possible to cause lightning.
The model was created with some data. The data was collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data related to(与……有关) four main surface conditions:air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity(相对湿度) and wind speed.
The atmospheric(大气的) data was put into a machine learning algorithm(计算程序), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
Amirhossein Mostajabi is a PhD student who led the development of the new system. He said, “Common systems for collecting such data are slow and complex, and they require expensive collection equipment(设备) like radar or satellites (卫星).”
“Our system uses data that can be gotten from any weather station,” Mostajabi said. “This will improve data collection in the areas which are not covered by radar and satellites or in places where communication systems have been cut,” he added.
11.【新考法·反向理解题】According to the passage, the strikes can't cause .
A.power cuts B.earthquakes
C.forest fires D.the death of people
12.【新考法·代词指代题】What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 5
A.The lightning strike.
B.The system being tested.
C.The machine learning algorithm.
D.The atmospheric data.
13.What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us
A.Where weather stations should be built.
B.How the machine learning algorithm works.
C.The advantages of the new system in data collection.
D.The new system has effectively predicted lightning in faraway areas.
14.Which of the following statement about the new system is TRUE
A.Its prediction model has been tested for 12 years.
B.It has been put into use in cities and mountain areas widely.
C.The new system requires expensive collection equipment to collect data.
D.It uses machine learning to predict the time and places of lightning strikes.
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题3分,共30分)
【新素材·极端天气】【新独家原创】
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号中所给单词的适当形式。
In the summer of 2022, Europe experienced extreme (极端的) weather events.
A huge heat wave(热浪) swept 15 (cross) the land, bringing scorching(酷热的) temperatures and drought(干旱) conditions to many 16 (country). The continent has experienced its hottest summer since records 17 (begin) in 1979.
In Spain and Portugal, temperatures quickly increased past 40℃, making it one of the 18 (hot) summers on record, Washington Post reported. In Italy and Greece, the heat was just as intense, with temperatures regularly hitting 38℃ or more.
The continent also experienced its most severe drought(严重干旱) in 500 years. The dry, dusty conditions led 19 wildfires. The lack of rainfall caused water shortages, leading to restrictions on irrigation(灌溉) and other water uses. The impacts(影响) of the drought 20 (feel) in much of western Europe and some parts of eastern Europe. Meanwhile, Scandinavia, as 21 (good) as parts of central and southeastern Europe, Greece and parts of Turkey, saw more rain than average(平均水平).
Back in China, similar things happened in the summer. Heat waves and heavy drought hit many places across the country. Chongqing's highest temperature reached 45℃, breaking its 22 (history) record, the local weather bureau said.
These extreme weather 23 (event) were likely caused by climate change. The heat wave and drought conditions in many parts of Europe were in line with the long-term trend(趋势) toward higher temperatures and drought due to climate change.
Countries and organizations are taking action 24 (deal) with climate change. The European Union has set its goal to achieve net-zero emissions (净零排放) by 2050. China also has the goal of peaking(达到高峰) carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality(碳中和) before 2060.(E9204003)
15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
Ⅳ.书面表达(共24分)
[2023辽宁沈阳学业水平模拟练习(一)]
假定你是学生李华,你所在的城市于昨天晚上发生了地震。请你以“A Big Earthquake”为题给英语周报写一篇新闻报道,内容包括:
受灾情况:
1.损失严重,房屋被毁;
2.死伤4,000多人,8,000人无家可归,许多人失踪;
3.水、电等设施被毁坏。
急缺物资:淡水、食物、药品。
赈灾措施:
1.军人帮助挖掘,寻找幸存者;
2.号召志愿者支援灾区,积极捐钱和献血。
注意:
1.词数80~100,短文的开头已给出,不计入总词数;
2.适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
A Big Earthquake
Last night a big earthquake hit my city.
答案全解全析
Ⅰ.[语篇解读] 本文主要讲述了作者在一个晴朗的夏日经历了暴风雨的故事。
1.A 根据下文中的“a black sky”“the strong wind”及“frequent thunder and lightning”可知,这是“我”第一次看到如此可怕的暴风雨。故选A。
2.B 根据“It was a sunny day in July”可知,因为天气很热,所以窗户开着。故选B。
3.C 根据“because of the strong wind”可知,因为强风,树木被吹倒了。故选C。
4.D 根据“I stood up and tried to close the window again.”可知,“我”设法关上窗户。故选D。
5.A 根据“I made it”可知,“我”把窗户关上了。故选A。
6.B 根据“the big tree in front of my house was going to fall to the ground”可知,此处指大树的树枝断了。故选B。
7.A switch off关闭;turn on打开;turn down调低;pick up捡起。根据“There was frequent thunder and lightning.”可知,在雷电天气要关闭电器。故选A。
8.D 根据“it began to hail”及“the sun came out again”可知,天气变化无常。故选D。
9.C 根据“In the streets, many trees died because of the...”及第一段中的storm可知,在街道上,许多树因为这场暴风雨死掉了。故选C。
10.B 根据语境及备选词可知,这次经历告诉“我”,在面对自然灾害时,人类是微不足道的。故选B。
Ⅱ.[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了瑞士的科学家们发明了一种能够预测闪电袭击的时间和地点的新系统。
11.B 细节理解题。根据“European researchers...worldwide each year.”及“The strikes can...forest fires.”可知,闪电袭击能够导致人的死亡、停电、房屋毁坏和森林火灾,故选B。
12.D 代词指代题。根据“The atmospheric...lightning strikes.”可知,此处是将大气的数据与闪电袭击的记录相比较,it指代的是大气的数据,故选D。
13.C 推理判断题。最后两段讲述的是这种新系统在数据收集方面的优势,故选C。
14.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It can use...will strike.”可知,它(新系统)可以使用“机器学习”去预测闪电袭击的时间和地点,故选D。
Ⅲ. [语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了极端天气影响下的欧洲和中国以及可能造成极端天气的原因——气候变化。
15.across sweep across意为“席卷,掠过,横扫”,故填across。
16.countries many修饰可数名词复数,故填countries。
17.began 设空处所在句为含有since引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句,主句时态用现在完成时,则从句时态用一般过去时,故填began。
18.hottest “one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”意为“最……的……之一”,故填hottest。
19.to lead to意为“导致”,故填to。
20.were felt 句意:西欧大部分地区和东欧部分地区都感受到了干旱的影响。根据语境及上下文可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语为复数,故填were felt。
21.well as well as意为“也,以及”,故填well。
22.historical 此处修饰名词record,应用名词history的形容词形式historical(历史的)。
23.events 根据设空处后的were可知此处填events。
24.to deal take action to do意为“采取行动做……”,故填to deal。
Ⅳ.One possible version:
A Big Earthquake
Last night a big earthquake hit my city. The earthquake caused much damage to my city and many houses were badly destroyed. More than 4,000 people were killed or injured in the disaster and 8,000 people lost their homes. Even many more people were still missing.
The supply of electricity and water in my city was also destroyed. The people now are in great need of fresh water, food and medicine. Luckily, the soldiers have been sent to my city to help to dig for the survivors.
I call on more volunteers to come to the disaster area and give a hand. I hope that more and more people can donate your money and blood for the injured people in the stricken area.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
Unit 4 · 素养综合检测
(满分100分,限时60分钟)
Ⅰ.完形填空(每小题3分,共30分)
【人与自然·敬畏自然】(2023广东深圳实验学校开学考试)
This is a story about a storm in Moscow. It happened two and a half years ago. It was my first time that I had seen such a 1 storm.
It was a sunny day in July, and I was at home watching TV. The window was open because the weather was so 2 . Suddenly, I felt a strong wind from outside. I looked out of the window and saw a black sky and trees 3 over because of the strong wind. I tried to 4 the window, but the wind made me fall down. I was afraid that the glass might break. I stood up and tried to close the window again. 5 , I made it.
Then I looked outside. I found that the big tree in front of my house was going to fall to the ground and its 6 had broken off. There was frequent thunder and lightning. I started to 7 all the appliances (电器) as quickly as possible.
After a while,the wind stopped,but it began to hail (下冰雹).After about ten minutes, everything stopped, and the sun came out again. How 8 the weather was! A few minutes later, the phone began to ring. It was my friend. We asked each other how it was and how we felt after the storm.
In the streets, many trees died because of the 9 . For a few days, people helped clean parks and gardens. Some people's cars were damaged by trees 'falling branches on them. The 10 tells me that in the face of natural disasters, human beings are insignificant (微不足道的). We can't stop them, but we must protect ourselves from them.
1.A.terrible B.lively C.gentle D.common
2.A.cold B.hot C.bad D.foggy
3.A.coming B.taking C.blowing D.running
4.A.break B.brush C.choose D.close
5.A.Luckily B.Recently C.Loudly D.Probably
6.A.patterns B.branches C.tools D.signs
7.A.switch off B.turn on C.turn down D.pick up
8.A.hard B.popular C.colorful D.strange
9.A.trick B.accident C.storm D.habit
10.A.expression B.experience C.challenge D.exchange
Ⅱ.阅读理解(每小题4分,共16分)
【人与社会·发明创新】(2022辽宁沈阳铁西区一模)
Scientists say they've developed a new system(系统). It can use “machine learning” to predict when and where lightning(闪电) will strike(袭击). The research was led by engineers from Switzerland.
European researchers have estimated(估算) between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power cuts, destroy houses and start forest fires. For these reasons, some climate scientists have studied to develop methods of predicting and controlling lightning. But no system has been created to effectively predict lightning.
The new system is being tested in the experiments(实验). It used a combination of data(数据;资料) from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model. It was set to tell weather conditions that were possible to cause lightning.
The model was created with some data. The data was collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data related to(与……有关) four main surface conditions:air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity(相对湿度) and wind speed.
The atmospheric(大气的) data was put into a machine learning algorithm(计算程序), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
Amirhossein Mostajabi is a PhD student who led the development of the new system. He said, “Common systems for collecting such data are slow and complex, and they require expensive collection equipment(设备) like radar or satellites (卫星).”
“Our system uses data that can be gotten from any weather station,” Mostajabi said. “This will improve data collection in the areas which are not covered by radar and satellites or in places where communication systems have been cut,” he added.
11.【新考法·反向理解题】According to the passage, the strikes can't cause .
A.power cuts B.earthquakes
C.forest fires D.the death of people
12.【新考法·代词指代题】What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 5
A.The lightning strike.
B.The system being tested.
C.The machine learning algorithm.
D.The atmospheric data.
13.What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us
A.Where weather stations should be built.
B.How the machine learning algorithm works.
C.The advantages of the new system in data collection.
D.The new system has effectively predicted lightning in faraway areas.
14.Which of the following statement about the new system is TRUE
A.Its prediction model has been tested for 12 years.
B.It has been put into use in cities and mountain areas widely.
C.The new system requires expensive collection equipment to collect data.
D.It uses machine learning to predict the time and places of lightning strikes.
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题3分,共30分)
【新素材·极端天气】【新独家原创】
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号中所给单词的适当形式。
In the summer of 2022, Europe experienced extreme (极端的) weather events.
A huge heat wave(热浪) swept 15 (cross) the land, bringing scorching(酷热的) temperatures and drought(干旱) conditions to many 16 (country). The continent has experienced its hottest summer since records 17 (begin) in 1979.
In Spain and Portugal, temperatures quickly increased past 40℃, making it one of the 18 (hot) summers on record, Washington Post reported. In Italy and Greece, the heat was just as intense, with temperatures regularly hitting 38℃ or more.
The continent also experienced its most severe drought(严重干旱) in 500 years. The dry, dusty conditions led 19 wildfires. The lack of rainfall caused water shortages, leading to restrictions on irrigation(灌溉) and other water uses. The impacts(影响) of the drought 20 (feel) in much of western Europe and some parts of eastern Europe. Meanwhile, Scandinavia, as 21 (good) as parts of central and southeastern Europe, Greece and parts of Turkey, saw more rain than average(平均水平).
Back in China, similar things happened in the summer. Heat waves and heavy drought hit many places across the country. Chongqing's highest temperature reached 45℃, breaking its 22 (history) record, the local weather bureau said.
These extreme weather 23 (event) were likely caused by climate change. The heat wave and drought conditions in many parts of Europe were in line with the long-term trend(趋势) toward higher temperatures and drought due to climate change.
Countries and organizations are taking action 24 (deal) with climate change. The European Union has set its goal to achieve net-zero emissions (净零排放) by 2050. China also has the goal of peaking(达到高峰) carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality(碳中和) before 2060.(E9204003)
15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
Ⅳ.书面表达(共24分)
[2023辽宁沈阳学业水平模拟练习(一)]
假定你是学生李华,你所在的城市于昨天晚上发生了地震。请你以“A Big Earthquake”为题给英语周报写一篇新闻报道,内容包括:
受灾情况:
1.损失严重,房屋被毁;
2.死伤4,000多人,8,000人无家可归,许多人失踪;
3.水、电等设施被毁坏。
急缺物资:淡水、食物、药品。
赈灾措施:
1.军人帮助挖掘,寻找幸存者;
2.号召志愿者支援灾区,积极捐钱和献血。
注意:
1.词数80~100,短文的开头已给出,不计入总词数;
2.适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
A Big Earthquake
Last night a big earthquake hit my city.
答案全解全析
Ⅰ.[语篇解读] 本文主要讲述了作者在一个晴朗的夏日经历了暴风雨的故事。
1.A 根据下文中的“a black sky”“the strong wind”及“frequent thunder and lightning”可知,这是“我”第一次看到如此可怕的暴风雨。故选A。
2.B 根据“It was a sunny day in July”可知,因为天气很热,所以窗户开着。故选B。
3.C 根据“because of the strong wind”可知,因为强风,树木被吹倒了。故选C。
4.D 根据“I stood up and tried to close the window again.”可知,“我”设法关上窗户。故选D。
5.A 根据“I made it”可知,“我”把窗户关上了。故选A。
6.B 根据“the big tree in front of my house was going to fall to the ground”可知,此处指大树的树枝断了。故选B。
7.A switch off关闭;turn on打开;turn down调低;pick up捡起。根据“There was frequent thunder and lightning.”可知,在雷电天气要关闭电器。故选A。
8.D 根据“it began to hail”及“the sun came out again”可知,天气变化无常。故选D。
9.C 根据“In the streets, many trees died because of the...”及第一段中的storm可知,在街道上,许多树因为这场暴风雨死掉了。故选C。
10.B 根据语境及备选词可知,这次经历告诉“我”,在面对自然灾害时,人类是微不足道的。故选B。
Ⅱ.[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了瑞士的科学家们发明了一种能够预测闪电袭击的时间和地点的新系统。
11.B 细节理解题。根据“European researchers...worldwide each year.”及“The strikes can...forest fires.”可知,闪电袭击能够导致人的死亡、停电、房屋毁坏和森林火灾,故选B。
12.D 代词指代题。根据“The atmospheric...lightning strikes.”可知,此处是将大气的数据与闪电袭击的记录相比较,it指代的是大气的数据,故选D。
13.C 推理判断题。最后两段讲述的是这种新系统在数据收集方面的优势,故选C。
14.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It can use...will strike.”可知,它(新系统)可以使用“机器学习”去预测闪电袭击的时间和地点,故选D。
Ⅲ. [语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了极端天气影响下的欧洲和中国以及可能造成极端天气的原因——气候变化。
15.across sweep across意为“席卷,掠过,横扫”,故填across。
16.countries many修饰可数名词复数,故填countries。
17.began 设空处所在句为含有since引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句,主句时态用现在完成时,则从句时态用一般过去时,故填began。
18.hottest “one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”意为“最……的……之一”,故填hottest。
19.to lead to意为“导致”,故填to。
20.were felt 句意:西欧大部分地区和东欧部分地区都感受到了干旱的影响。根据语境及上下文可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语为复数,故填were felt。
21.well as well as意为“也,以及”,故填well。
22.historical 此处修饰名词record,应用名词history的形容词形式historical(历史的)。
23.events 根据设空处后的were可知此处填events。
24.to deal take action to do意为“采取行动做……”,故填to deal。
Ⅳ.One possible version:
A Big Earthquake
Last night a big earthquake hit my city. The earthquake caused much damage to my city and many houses were badly destroyed. More than 4,000 people were killed or injured in the disaster and 8,000 people lost their homes. Even many more people were still missing.
The supply of electricity and water in my city was also destroyed. The people now are in great need of fresh water, food and medicine. Luckily, the soldiers have been sent to my city to help to dig for the survivors.
I call on more volunteers to come to the disaster area and give a hand. I hope that more and more people can donate your money and blood for the injured people in the stricken area.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)