2015中考英语专题突破课标版专题精讲十　复合句

课件23张PPT。第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录专题精讲十　复合句第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。考点1:宾语从句
在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
(1)基本形式:(主句)+连词+从句主语+从句谓语+…
(2)★关于引导宾语从句的连词的选择:第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录如:They think that the bridge was built 100 years ago.(从句本来就是陈述句)
I asked him if he had finished his homework.从句来源于一般疑问句Have you finished your homework?
I asked him where he could get such medicine.(我问他在哪儿能搞到那样的药。)(从句来源于特殊疑问句Where can you get such medicine?)
(3)★宾语从句的时态:如果主句是现在时,从句时态根据实际需要而定,该用什么时态就用什么时态;如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,但遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如:The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round.第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录(4)★宾语从句的语序:当遇上一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时,变为宾语从句时应变为陈述语序。如:Could you tell me how old you are(你今年多大了).Do you know where the nearest hospital is(最近的医院在哪里).
(5)★当what、which、who在从句中作主语,whose、which在从句中作主语的定语时语序不变。如:
What’s wrong?What’s the matter?What happened?
Can you tell me who is there(谁在那边)?
I don’t know what’s the matter(怎么啦)?
Do you know whose bag is it(谁的书包)?第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录(6)下列结构(系表结构)后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待:be sorry/afraid/sure/glad+that从句。如:I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment.恐怕他此刻不在家。
(7)宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等词时,从句可以简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next.她不知道接下来该做什么。第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录考点2:状语从句
在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。
(1)★时间状语从句　通常由when,as,while,after,before,since,as soon as,till(until),whenever等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾。特别注意,时间状语从句不能使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代(主将从现)。如:When you finish the work,you may go out to play with Sam.你完成工作就可以出去和Jim一起玩了。I won’t leave until Mum comes back.妈妈回来了我才会走。第二篇　中考专题突破(2)★条件状语从句　通常由if,unless,no matter(无论),as long as(只要)等引导,条件状语从句一般放在句首或句尾。特别注意:时间状语从句不能使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代(主将从现)。如:You will certainly fail in the coming final exams unless you work much harder.即将到来的期末考试你肯定考不及格,除非你更用功。If it doesn’ t rain tomorrow,we shall go hiking.如果明天不下雨,我们就要去徒步旅行。
(3)地点状语从句　通常由 where,wherever等引导。如:I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be.我永远也不会忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。返回目录第二篇　中考专题突破(4)原因状语从句　通常由because,since,as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如:He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him.他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。
(5)目的状语从句　通常由so that…,in order that…等引导,常放在句尾,从句中通常含有can/could/may/might等情态动词。如:He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train.他起身更早为的是赶上第一班车。
(6)结果状语从句　通常由 so…that…等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如:He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one.他丢了那么多辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。返回目录第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录(7)比较状语从句　通常由as,than,as(so)…as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格、宾格均可)。如:Jane is much taller than I/me.Jane比我高多了。I don’t have as many books as you(do).我书没有你多。
(8)让步状语从句　通常由though(although),as,even if(even though),however,whatever等引导。如:Even if you pay the debt(债务)for me,I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me.即使你替我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold.他穿了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录【注意】(1)because与so、(al)though与but、if与so不可以同在一个句子中成对出现。
(2)时间、条件、原因、让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录考点3:定语从句
在复合句中作定语,用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
(1)定语从句的位置:放在名词或代词的后面。如:The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。
(2)语法术语的改变:被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,其中that、which、who、whose称为关系代词,where、when、why称为关系副词。第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录(3)关系代词的作用:关系代词who、whom和whose指人,分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。Which 只能指物,that多指物,有时也指人,它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。如:This is the thief(that/who/whom)we have been looking for these days.这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in.请找一间足够大能住下我们全体的房间。第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录(4)关系副词的作用:关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。如:This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago.这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。I can never forget the day when I first saw you.我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录【注意】
(1)关系代词只能用that的情况:当先行词是指事物的不定代词(all,anything等),或先行词部分含有最高级,或含有序数词时,不能用其他的关系代词,只能用that,不能用which。如:All(that Lily told me)seems untrue.Lily告诉我的话似乎不真实。Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside?能不能给我点里面没有糖的东西?This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city.这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时一般用who(指人)、that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物。如:Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner?你认识那个在角落里哭泣的女人吗?Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me.跟我无关的话,请一个字也不要说。第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录(3)关系代词作从句的宾语时,常用which或whom,较少使用that或who,而且,关系代词常常省略。如:Tom’s father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to.Tom的父亲是我们老师第一个谈话的人。
(4)当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,必须用which或whom,不能用who或that。而当介词移到句尾时,则又可以使用that或who。如:This is the room in which Miss Li once lived.(in which =where)(=This is the room that/which Miss Li once lived in.)这是李女士曾住过的房间。第二篇　中考专题突破考点4:直接引语和间接引语(实际上是改为宾语从句)
直接引语和间接引语:在陈述句中,直接引用说话人原来的语句,称为直接引语。在书写时,直接引语用引号。用自己的话语来转述表达原来说话人说的内容,称为间接引语。
直接引语改变为间接引语:
(1)★直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时应注意:
①不用引号,而用连接词that,但有时可省略。
②人称作相应变化。
③主句里的动词如果是过去时,间接引语中的时态一般应作相应改变(如果主句是现在时,则时态不需要发生任何变化)。返回目录第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录　如:He says,“I am not from the USA.”→He says that he is not from the USA.
Mr Smith said to me,“ I haven’ t seen Tom for a long time.”→Mr Smith told me that he had not seen Tom for a long time.
(2)★直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用从属连接词whether或if引导,语序要改变。如:Lin Tao said to Miss Green,“Is it made in China?”→Lin Tao asked Miss Green if it was made in China.第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录(3)直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用疑问词引导,语序是:连词+主语+谓语。如:Lucy said to me,“How can I help?” →Lucy asked me how she could help.
(4)直接引语如果是祈使句,变间接引语时,须将祈使句变为动词不定式,并在动词不定式前用tell,ask,order。如:He said to the little boy,“ Come here,young boy!”→He asked the little boy to go there.
(5)直接引语变为间接引语时,如果主句为过去时态,指示代词以及表示时间和地点的词或词组应作相应变化:第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录 →
第二篇　中考专题突破返回目录