牛津深圳版英语中考二轮复习专题 名词

名词专题
教学内容
名词
教学目标
1.名词的数
2.不可数名词的表达
教学重点难点
1.名词的灵活运用
教学过程
第1课时
课前小测
复习名词的用法
导入
1.名词是什么，都是可数的吗？
知识要点
一、可数名词
1.变复数的规则：
（1）一般可数名词末尾直接加s, eg：apple-apples, dog-dogs,
（2）以s, x, ch, sh结尾的可数名词末尾加es, eg：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
Attention: eg：stomach-stomachs
（3）以o结尾的加es, 读 /z/
①黑人（negro）英雄（hero）西红柿（tomato）和土豆（potato）复数加（es）
（黑人们和英雄们喜欢吃西红柿和土豆）两人两菜
②某些以o结尾的加s，eg．zoo—zoos，radio—radios ，piano—pianos photos
（4）以f，fe结尾的可数名词，去掉f，fe变为ves, 读 /vz/
妻见小偷架下藏，手拿小刀想杀狼，谁知落下半片叶，砸在头上一命亡。


特殊的：roof-roofs, giraffe-giraffes
（5）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，去y加ies
eg：baby-babies, country-countries
名词复数的不规则变化
简单名词的复数变化
（1）内部元音字母发生变化
eg：foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, mouse-mice, man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen
（2）词尾发生变化eg：child-children
（3）单复数一样 eg：deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, people-people
（4）表示“某国人”的单复数变化（口诀：中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面）
单复数同形： eg：Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
词尾加s： eg：German-Germans, Russian-Russians, Indian-Indians, American-Americans, Australian-Australians
变man为men: eg：Englishman-Englishmen, Frenchman-Frenchmen
复合名词的复数变化：
（1）第一部分为man，woman时，前后两部分都变成复数eg：a woman teacher, a man doctor-
（2） boy, girl, shoe等其它名词作定语时，只在第二部分词尾加复数eg：a boy student, a girl friend, a shoe shop
★★特殊情况：
（1）部分名词只有复数：eg：clothes, trousers, shorts, shoes, glasses
（2）部分名词以“s”结尾，但不是复数：eg：news, physics, maths
（3）有些词加“s”后表示另一种意思:
eg：room ( )-rooms ( ) paper ( )-papers ( )
work ( )-works ( ) glass ( )-glasses( )
wood ( )-woods ( )
（4）“数+名+形”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词必须是单数：
eg ：a four-year-old boy, a 100-meter-long road
（5）集合名词，people, police以单数形式出现，但实为复数：
eg：Chinese people are great. / The police have caught the thief.
（6）集合名词family分两种情况，当家庭讲，是单数；当家人讲，是复数概念：
eg：My family is big, and my family are all kind.
(7) 年份前面加the后面加-s，表示年代，例如20世纪80年代 in the 1980s
精选习题
选择填空
1 ( ) Mr. Jackson keeps lots of ____________ on his farm.
A. sheep B. chicken C. goose D. pandas
2 ( ) Are there any or in the bag?
A. tomatos, photos B. tomatoes, photoes C. tomatoes, photos D. tomatos, photos
3 ( )There are about twenty in the room. They are having a party there.
A. people B. sheep C. worker D. mens
4 ( )Liu Xiang, 21, is an Olympic winner in the hurdles. We’re proud of him.
A. 110-metre B. 110-metres C. 110 metre D. 110 metres
5.( )John is so kind that he often gives me a when I’m in trouble.
A. reply B. seat C. hand D. reason
6. ( )There are few in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages.
A. meat B. fruit C. vegetables D. bread
7.( )—Would you like some _____?—Yes, a little please.
A. apple B. banana C. oranges D. milk
8.( )—I feel very thirsty and hungry after a long walk. —Would you like some _____ and _____?
A. apple juices; sandwiches B. apples juice; sandwiches
C. apple juice; sandwiches
9. ( )March 8 is Day.
A. Woman B. Womans’ C. Women D. Women’s
10. ( )These are bikes.
A. Jim and San’s B. Jim’s and Sam C. Jim and Sam D. Jim’s and Sam’s
小结
1. 名词的复数
2. 规则与不规则变化
第2课时
导入
1.有没有谁能把水数清楚啊？
知识要点
不可数名词
（1）不可数名词时表示不可以计数的名词.常见的不可数名词有：
rice, meat, fish, chicken，coffee, wine, tea, wine, milk，water, air, soil, wood, sand, dirt，love, happiness, sadness，knowledge, pollution, education, experience，Chinese, physics, chemistry, biology）
（2）不可数名词的量的表示法：1）确切的表达方法：如果要表达出不可数名词具体的数量，可以通过“计量词+of+不可数名词”来表示。若想表达量的复数概念，只需把计量词变为复数形式即可。如：a piece of paper 一张纸 ten pieces of paper 十张纸?a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 two cups of coffee? 两杯咖啡a piece of news 一条消息 two pieces of news 两条消息? a drop of ink? 一滴墨水 three drops of ink三滴墨水
a piece of(一片,一块), a slice of(一片,一块),
a can of (一罐), a jar of(一坛), a cup of(一杯),
a glass of(一玻璃杯), a bowl of(一碗), a dish of(一碟),
a bar of(一条), a bunch of(一把，一串),
a carton of(一纸盒), an order of(一份),
a bag of(一袋), a box of (一盒),
a package of(一袋), a spoon of(一勺),
a bottle of(一瓶)
2）不确切的表达方法：在不可数名词前加上little ,a little, much, a large amount of, a lot of , lots of, plenty of ,a great deal of.
精选习题
填空
bottle cup bunch piece carton head can bag dish spoon
1. a _____________ of grapes 2. a. _________ of yogurt
3. a_____________ of sugar 4. a __________ of milk
5. a _____________ of spaghetti 6. a __________ of onions
7. a____________ of pie 8. a __________ of lettuce
9. some ____________ of pop 10. a __________ of apple juice
　　二．单项选择
1. I would like to have _____.
A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk
C. two glass of milks D .two glasses of milks
2. They don’t have to do _____ today.
A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homework
3. There a lot of rain in this area in August every year.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
4. Good news! There fewer people catching this kind of illness now.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
5. There more than 5,000 students in it.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
6.There some milk, two eggs and a few cakes on the table.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
7. There are millions of websites on the Internet and there a lot of useful on the websites.
A. are; informations B. are; information
C. is; informations D. is; information
8. The boy asked Mr Black for advice on his further English studies.
A. a B. an C. some D. any
9.--Could you please tell me something about the two ? -- . They are exchange students of No. 1 Middle School.
A. Frenchmen; Yes, please B. Frenchmans; Come on
C. Germen; Not at all D. Germans; All right
10. The old man used to raise many to make a living on the farm.
A. duck B. horse C. bird D. sheep
小结
不可数名词的用法
课后练习
一、写出下列名词的复数形式
1. house _________ 2. village ___________ 3. map __________
4. orange _________ 5. bag ___________ 6. exercise ___________
7. brush __________ 8. family ___________ 9. bus ___________
10.city __________ 11. box ___________ 12.baby __________
13.class __________ 14. factory _________ 15.glass __________
16.dictionary _________ 17. watch _________ 18.woman _________
19.match __________ 20. man _________ 21.wish __________
22.German __________ 23. tomato _________ 24.policeman ___________
25.kilo __________ 26. human _________ 27.potato ___________
28.Chinese __________ 29. shelf __________ 30.Japanese __________
31.leaf ___________ 32. American __________ 33.life ___________
34.tooth __________ 35. wife ___________ 36.foot ___________
37.knife __________ 38. sheep __________ 39.half ___________
40.postman_________ 41.mouse ___________ 42.child _________
二.用所给名词的正确形式填空。
1. I have two __________.(knife)
2. There are many __________ here.(box)
3. I got a lot of Christmas __________.(card)
4. There are a few __________ in the playground.(people)
5. How many __________ can you see in the picture?(sheep)
6. I have seven __________.(friend)
课后记