2015英语中考二轮专题复习—主谓一致

课件42张PPT。第十章 主谓一致
中考考查重点：
1. 就近原则
2. 意义一致
3. 语法一致主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。
主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：二、意义一致三、就近原则一、语法一致 一、语法一致
主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；
主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。
例如：
I often help him and he often helps me.
我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。
We often help each other.
我们经常互相帮助。
不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；
可数名词的复数形式作主语，
谓语动词用复数。考点：
1. and或both…and…连接名词或 代词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。
例如：

Both he and Jerry are students.
Jerry 和他都是学生。
1). 当and连接两个或两个以上的并列结构是指同一个人或物，或指同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，
这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。
The singer and writer (live)in Guiyang.
那位歌手兼作家……
对比：
The singer and the writer (live)in Guiyang
那位歌手和那位作家……
liveslive例如：
A).表整体概念的并列结构：
bread and butter 奶油面包
law and order法制
B).配套事物：
a watch and chain怀表
a needle and thread针线
如：
The knife and fork is on the desk.
刀叉放在桌子上。2） 当and连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl in the
class is diligent.
班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。Each man and each woman knows that
每一个男人及每一个女人都知道那件事No teacher and no students was here just now .
刚才这里没有老师和学生。2.主语后面带有with, along with, together with, as well as,including， besides, like, without, except, but 等引导的短语时，谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致（就远原则）。例如：
The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the garden.
老师和同学们正在花园里种树。She as well as other students likes playing computer games
她和其他学生一样，也喜欢打电子游戏。His parents except Jim are at home .
除吉姆外，他父母都在家。Nobody but you and me knows it.
除了你和我，没人知道。3.如果主语是不定式，动词-ing形式或主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
What he is doing seems very important.
他正在做什么看起来很重要。
Serving the people is my great happiness.
为人民服务是我最大的幸福。To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous .
在加油站旁玩火很危险4. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动用单数。
复数代词+ each, 谓语动词用单数。
如：
Each of us has something to say.
我们每个人都有些话要说。
=We each has something to say.5. 不定代词和复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。either ,neither ,each , everything , somebody等
Someone is calling you.
有人叫你。
Nothing is found in the room.
在屋里找不到什么东西。Each student has a book .
每一个学生都有一本书。Either answer is correct .
两个答案都是正确的。6. 但不定代词all, more, some, any, none等
作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不可数名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。
All the apples are rotten.
所有的苹果都烂了。
All the apple is rotten.
整个苹果都烂了。
None of us are /is perfect. 人无完人。
None of the money is left.
一点钱也没剩下。 When and where to build the new factory______ yet. (2010广东) A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided析: 当when和where加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。 Aevery并列使用时，动词取单数。Every boy and every girl ______ that each day and each hour brings ______ duty.
A. know, their B. knows, their
C. knows, its D. know, itsBE-mail, as well as telephones, ____ an important part in daily communication. (2011广东)
A. is playing B. have played
C. are playing D. play1. A woman with some children ______ soon．
A. is coming B. are coming
C. has come D. have come
2. No one except my parents ____ anything about this。
A. know B. knows
C. is known D. are known3．The teacher as well as the students ______ the book already．
A. has read B. have read
C. are reading D. is reading
4．All but one ____ in the accident．
A. was killed B. were killed
C. will be killed D. are killed 二、意义一致
主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；
The crowd were surrounding the government official.
人群包围了这位政府官员。
主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。如：
Maths is hard to learn.
数学难学。考点：
1. 名词如trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses ，pants等为复数名词，作主语时谓语动词必须用复数；如：
The scissors are sharp.
但当它们前面有pair of ,kind of 等量词修饰时，则根据量词的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如：
This kind of shoes is new.
Two pairs of shoes are Jim’s.2.而形复义单的名词如news;
以-ics结尾的学科名称如physics, politics,
国名 如the United States;
报纸名 如the New Times;
书名 如Great Expectations(《远大前 程》)；
以及the United Nations
作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 如：
No news is good news.
Great Expectations was written by
Charles Dickens（查尔斯·狄更斯）in 1860.3.形单义复的名词如people (people指“民族”除外），police等， 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：The police are running after a thief.
警察们正在追赶一个小偷。4. 集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，
也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；但若指其成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。这类名词有family, class, group ,crowd, team等。
例如：
The class wins the prize.
The class are all reading the book.1．His family _______ a small one．
2．His family _______ fat and short．
A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is 此题应选C。family是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。5. 有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有means, deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish等。如：
Not every means is useful.
并非每种方法都有效。
Not all means are useful.
并非所有的方法都有效。
6. “the +形容词”(表示一类人)和“the +姓氏的复数”（表示夫妇或一家人）作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The sick in the accident have been taken to the hospital.
The Greens are watching TV.7. 表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动词用单数。如：
Thirty years is not a long time.
30年的时间并不长。
Two hours is enough for me to finish the work.
两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。8.分数、百分比及some , half of ,part of, lots of , the rest of 等后接单数名词或不可数名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数；接复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。如：70% of the earth is covered with waiter.
70%的地球表面被水覆盖。
60% of the teachers in our school are women.
我们学校60%的老师都是女的。The rest of the bikes are on sale.
余下的自行车正在销售 9. “a number of +复数可数名词”表示“许多……”,作主语时，谓语动词用复数； “the number of+复数可数名词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：A number of birds are on the island.
岛上有大量的鸟儿。
The number of the cups is 10.
被子的数量是10个。
Choose the best answers.
1. The news _____ very worth listening to.
　A. be B. is C. are D. am
2. —_____ this pair of glasses yours?
　—No. My glasses _____ on the desk.
　A. Is, is B. Are, is
C. Is, are D. Are, are
3. Everyone likes people who _____ ready to
help others.
A. is B. are C. being D. wasBCB4. The Smith family _____ making
dumplings in the kitchen.
　A. is B. are C. has been D. can
5. ____of the land in that country ___covered with tree and grass.
A. Two five; is B. Two fifths; are
C. Two five; are D. Two fifths; is
6. There _____ a number of teachers, but the
number of women teachers ____ only
thirty.
　A. are, are B. are, is
C. is, are D. is, isBDB三、就近原则
就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.
桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。1. 在表存在的there be 句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词（短语），be的形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持一致。
There is a pen, two pencils and several
books on the desk.
=There are two pencils, a pen and several books on the desk.
=There are several books, a pen and two pencils on the desk.2. 由here, there等引导的倒装句中，若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。如：
Here comes the bus.
Here is a pen and two books for you.3. 用连词 or, either…or, neither…nor,
not only…but also等连接并列主语时，
谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。如：
Neither you nor I am wrong.
Neither I nor you are wrong.
Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.
Not only the teacher but also the students enjoy listening to the music.Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.Our class _______ (have / has) twenty
boys and twenty-five girls.
2. My family __________ (was / were) watching TV when the doorbell rang.
3. Linda as well as her parents often _________ (goes / go) to visit their relatives. has were goes 4. Not only Jim but also his parents
_________ (were / was) happy about
Jim’s grandma’s coming.
5. Neither of them _______(are / is) in
good health, but both _______ (work /
works) hard.
6. Either two girls or a boy _______
(come / comes) every Sunday to help
the old teacher with her housework. were is work comes 1. The country life he was used to ______ greatly since 1992.

A. change
B. has changed
C. changing
D. have changed2. Nowadays, a large number of
women, especially those from the countryside, _________ in the clothing industry.
A．is working
B．works
C．work
D．worked3. A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. ??A. is?
B. are?
C. was?
D. were4. A survey of the opinions of experts ______that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ____ good for
one’s health.
A. show; are
B. shows; is
C. show; is
D. shows; are