江苏省响水中学2023～2024 学年度秋学期高二年级期中考试
英语试题
考生注意：
1、本试题分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷，共10 页。
2、满分150 分，考试时间为 120 分钟。
第Ⅰ卷( 95 分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30分)
第一节(共 5 小题; 每小题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读 一遍。
1. What is the worst part of Joe’s story
A. The grammar. B. The handwriting C. The spelling.
2. What do the man’s class want to do this Sunday
A. Go for a swim. B. Do some sunbathing. C. Collect the rubbish.
3. Who probably picked the woman’s roses
A. Her son. B. The man. C. Her neighbor.
4. What are the speakers mainly discussing
A. Holiday plans. B. Work problems. C. Family members.
5. How did Cynthia do in her history test
A. She failed it. B. She barely passed. C. She did very well.
第二节(共 15 小题; 每小题 1.5 分，共 22.5 分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman ask the man to do
A. Recommend a film.
B. Buy some medicine.
C. Look for a restaurant.
7. How does the woman sound in the end
A. Annoyed. B. Excited. C. Humorous.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What can we say about the weather on Sunday
A. It was fine. B. It was hot. C. It was changeable.
9. What do the locals think of small balls of ice in midsummer
A. It’s beyond their expectations.
B. It’s a common phenomenon.
C. It’s caused by climate change.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What is the man doing
A. Conducting a job interview.
B. Introducing an agency.
C. Showing the woman around.
11. Where is the woman from
A. Britain. B. France. C. Germany
12. What does then man promise the woman
A. Life insurance. B. Office supplies. C. A fixed annual bonus.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What day is it today
A. Friday. B. Saturday. C. Sunday.
14. What does Claire think helped her get the letter from Harvard
A. Forming good learning habits.
B. Attending extra courses.
C. Staying up late to study
15. Why did Claire choose Harvard University
A. Her aunt was studying there.
B. She has won a scholarship to it.
C. She wants to be Madelyn’s schoolmate.
16. What does Claire plan to do before September
A. Visit her aunt. B. Travel abroad. C. Visit some colleges.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How many kinds of climate emergencies does the speaker mention
A. Five. B. Six. C. Seven.
18. What will cause a flash flood according to the speaker
A. Tidal waves. B. Damaged dams. C. The rising warm air.
19. What is the fourth crisis mainly about
A. Drought. B. Sea level. C. Disappearing species.
20. Why is James Elsner mentioned in the end
A. He does research on polar bears.
B. He proves hurricanes get stronger.
C. He aims to protect coral reefs.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节 阅读理解 (共 15小题;每小题 2.5分，满分 37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
STEM Summer Programs for High School Students
STEM is a term that stands for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Here is a list of some of the best STEM summer camps for high school students.
Future Matters Program
It is an 8-week paid summer research experience for high school students. This is a hands-on program for students interested in going after a career in medical research. Students will attend seminars led by the faculty and participate in discussions with peers.
Simons Summer Research
It is a seven-week program located at Stony Brook University. Students will have the opportunity to participate in special workshops, tours and events free of charge. They will conclude the program producing a written research abstract and a research poster.
Research Science Institute
It is the first cost-free summer program of its kind. During this six-week program, students will dive deeper into the world of science and engineering by experiencing the entire research cycle. In this program students will attend classes conducted by famous professors and prepare written and oral presentations to present their research.
Program in Math for Young Scientists
This is a six-week intensive mathematics program designed for students across the globe. Unlike common programs, it offers a great deal of independence for students to choose their own schedules and decide what they want to study. Besides learning, there is also “mandatory (强制的) fun time” built into the weekly schedule so that students are able to have non-math related activities.
1. Which program best suits students who want to be doctors
A. Future Matters Program. B. Simons Summer Research.
C. Research Science Institute. D. Program in Math for Young Scientists.
2. What do Simons Summer Research and Research Science Institute have in common
A. The topic. B. The expense. C. The duration. D. The content.
3. What’s special in Program in Math for Young Scientists
A. Cultivating independent skills. B. Attending non-math activities.
C. Tailoring personal schedules. D. Enrolling international students.
B
Li Jianguo, a 49-year-old teacher at the Tianjin Vocational Institute, is set to be named as one of the “2022 most beautiful teachers”— an annual public award sponsored by the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the Ministry of Education.
Li has stood out by taking the lead in the training of students in vocational skills, gaining a number of honors including being named as a national role model teacher. He has mentored (指导) seven national-level technique experts and a team of 14 technique masters. One of his students, Guo Jinpeng, who graduated from the institute in 2007, became a college teacher at the Chengdu Auto Vocational and Technical School and was named as a national role model teacher in 2019.
Li’s nomination (提名) as one of the “2022 most beautiful teachers” reflects that China is focusing on the importance of vocational education and aims to foster (培养) more leading personnel with the spirit of craftsmanship in the manufacturing industry.
At an international vocational and technical education conference in Tianjin last month, Li noted that there is no difference between vocational education and ordinary education, and vocational education is not secondary nor should it ever be treated as less than ordinary education. “Vocational education has the mission of fostering a quality workforce and technical experts for the country. The hardworking spirit is the key to building any ordinary people into leading personnel,” he said.
Li joined the institute in 1993 and later founded a machinery engineering practice center, providing free training to 7,500 people a week. In 2015, he led a team of teachers to work for 40 days to repair 124 machine tools in the center. Li has devoted himself to building the country’s first additive manufacturing technique and application center at the institute to satisfy the thirst for the country’s human resources in 3D printing.
4. Why does the author mention Guo Jinpeng in paragraph 2
A. To make a comparison with Li Jianguo.
B. To publicize national role model teachers.
C. To praise national-level technique experts.
D. To show the achievements of Li Jianguo.
5. What is Li’s opinion about vocational education
A. It is more important than ordinary education.
B. It is secondary to ordinary education.
C. It should develop qualified and skilled talents.
D. It has nothing to do with hardworking spirit.
6. Which of the following best describes Li’s job at the institute
A. Boring. B. Well-paid. C. Challenging. D. Productive.
7. What is the best title for the text
A. China Sponsoring Annual Award for Teachers
B. China Aiming to Develop More Leading Personnel
C. A Vocational Teacher to Be Awarded as One of the “Most Beautiful Teachers”
D. Different Education Training Different Kinds of Students
C
Housing officials say that lately they are noticing something different: students seem to lack the will and the skill, to address ordinary conflicts. “We have students who are mad at each other and they text each other in the same room,” says a teacher. “So many of our conflicts are because kids don’t know how to tackle a problem by formal discussion.”
And as any pop psychologist will tell you bottled emotions lead to silent discontent that can boil over into frustration and anger. At the University of Florida, emotional conflicts occur about once a week, the university’s director of housing education says. “Over the past five years, roommate conflicts have increased. The students don’t have the person-to-person discussions and they don’t know how to handle them.” The problem is most dramatic among freshmen; housing professionals say they see improvement as students move toward graduation, but some never seem to catch on, and they worry about how such students will deal with conflicts after college.
Administrators guess that reliance on cell phones and the Internet may have made it easier for young people to avoid uncomfortable encounters. Why express anger in person when you can vent in a text “Things are posted on someone’s wall on Facebook like: Oh, my roommate kept me up all night studying,” says Dana Pysz, an assistant director at the University of California, Los Angeles. “It’s a different way to express their conflict to each other, consequently creating even more conflicts as complaints go public.” In recent focus groups at North Carolina State University, dorm residents said they would not even confront noisy neighbors on their floor.
Administrators point to parents who have fixed their children’s problems in their entire lives. Now in college, the children lack the skills to attend to even modest conflicts. Some parents continue to interfere on campus.
8. What is the main reason for many roommate conflicts
A. Students are not good at reaching an agreement about the problems.
B. Students are not satisfied with each other.
C. Housing directors are not responsible for them.
D. Students are not strong-willed.
9. What do we learn from the second paragraph
A. Students, especially freshmen, should bottle up their dissatisfaction.
B. Students in Florida sit down and have a person-to-person talk once a week.
C. Not all students are able to handle conflicts by the time they graduate.
D. The number of conflicts among roommates has decreased in the past five years.
10. What is the attitude of Dana Pysz when he mentions roommates reveal their conflicts in the media
A. Disapproval. B. Indifference.
C. Empathy. D. Desperation.
11. What should parents do according to the passage
A. They should be involved in their children’s life on campus.
B. They should deal with their children’s problems in their whole lives .
C. They should constantly contact the administrators of the college.
D. They should teach their children the skills to tackle the conflicts.
D
Two years ago, enormous fires swept through some 46 million acres of forest in Russia, the country’s worst fire season on record. Now, researchers have a clearer sense of just how significant the 2021 boreal (北方的) forest fires were in terms of emissions. The fires produced more planet-heating carbon dioxide than any other extreme fire event that has occurred since the turn of the 21st century, according to a study.
Boreal forests grow where it is very cold. The trees that live in this type of forest grow slowly and seal (封存) carbon in their trunks and roots for hundreds of years, comprising a collection of trapped emissions that researchers call a carbon sink. But rising temperatures and related drought in these historically cool regions have led to an increase in extreme wildfire activity and threaten to release the carbon stored in the trees that grow there, transforming a carbon sink into a carbon source.
In all, fires in boreal forests released the carbon sink and produced nearly half a billion metric tons of carbon in 2021. That’s more carbon than the entire continent of Australia produced the same year, though some of the emissions produced by the fires will be sucked back up as forests regrow.
The researchers obtained the data for their study by tracking concentrations of emissions in the atmosphere using satellites, and then they put that information into a computer model to determine where, geographically, those emissions came from. They found that boreal forests, which typically produce about 10 percent of the globe’s annual wildfire emissions, accounted for 23 percent of the world’s wildfire emissions in 2021 — more than twice as much as normal.
Canadell, who led the study, is most concerned about the study’s main takeaway; Boreal forests have served an important and underappreciated role in sequestering carbon emissions, but climate change threatens to release that carbon. “We need to be very careful with these systems in terms of their future development.” he said.
12. What is the function of paragraph 2
A. To indicate the seriousness of the fire.
B. To illustrate two scientific concepts.
C. To explain the source of carbon.
D. To show the importance of boreal forests.
13. How did the scientists get needed data
A. By searching on the website. B. By employing technology.
C By analyzing previous data. D. By turning to the firefighters.
14. What does the underlined word “sequestering” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Stopping. B. Increasing. C. Monitoring. D. Assessing.
15. What is mainly talked about in the text
A. The reasons for the forest fires in the north.
B. The impact of the 2021 boreal forest fires.
C. The link between fires and carbon dioxide.
D. The increasingly growing carbon emissions.
第二节 七选五(共 5小题;每小题 2. 5分, 满分 12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The benefits of walking are many, but deciding how many miles to cover and how much time to spend walking each day is another matter.
Studies have shown that the average American takes between 3,000 and 4,000 steps daily doing everyday tings — about 1.5 to 2 miles. _____16_____ But the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises most adults to aim for 10,000 steps a day or about 5 miles. And the recommendation contributes to more positive health outcomes.
_____17_____ You can measure your efforts in quantities of time instead. “As a walker, you should aim for at least 30 minutes per day, or a total of 150 minutes per week,” says Austin, a licensed psychotherapist. What’s more, if 30 minutes of walking is unrealistic for you to do all at once, then breaking it up into three short, 10-minute sessions. _____18_____
It may also be helpful to health to make walking a part of one’s daily routine. People can take the stairs instead of the elevator, park at the other end of the lot and walk a further distance to a store’s entrance when shopping. _____19_____ Then walk the rest of the way home. All these additional steps can be acquired creatively, beyond fixed walking time.
On top of such physical benefits, walking has been shown to improve sleep and mental health including mood and self-esteem. _____20_____ Therefore, it is free and well accepted by the majority of people. If one is ready to improve overall levels of fitness, walking ticks all the right boxes.
A. Combine walking with everyday routine.
B They will provide the same health benefits.
C. What if counting results by miles isn’t your thing
D. Still, why not get off public transportation a stop early
E. Walking sessions should be continuous to be beneficial.
F That amount alone has been shown to lower one’s death risk.
G. Walking requires no special equipment, gym membership or training.
第三部分 语言运用(共五节，满分 55分)
第一节 完形填空 (共 15小题; 每小题 1分，满分 15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As a kid, I spent my summers with my grandfathers on their farm in Texas. I loved and ____21____ my grandparents and I really looked forward to adventures in my grandfather’s car. On one particular trip, I was about 10 years old. I was ____22____ around in the big bench seat in the back of the car. My grandfather was driving. And my grandmother had the passenger seat. She smoked throughout these trips, and I ____23____ the smell.
At that age, I’d take any excuse to make estimates and do minor calculation (计算). I’d been hearing an ad campaign about smoking. I can’t remember the ____24____, but basically the ad said, every puff of a cigarette takes some number of minutes off your life: I think it might have been two minutes per puff. At any rate, I decided to do the ____25____ for my grandmother. When I was satisfied that I’d come up with a ____26____ number, I poked my head into the ____27____ of the car, tapped my grandmother on the shoulder, and proudly proclaimed, “At two minutes per puff, you’ve taken nine years off your life!”
I have a very vivid memory of what happened next, and it was not what I had expected. I expected to be ____28____ for my cleverness and my arithmetic skills. “Jeff, you are so smart. You had to have made some ____29____ estimates.” That’s not what happened. ____30____, my grandmother burst into tears.
My grandfather was a highly intelligent, quiet man. He had never said a ____31____ word to me, and maybe this was to be the first time Or maybe he would ____32____ that I get back in the car to apologize. We stopped beside the trailer. My grandfather looked at me, and after a bit of silence, he gently and calmly said, “Jeff, one day you’ll understand that it’s ____33____ to be kind than clever.”
Cleverness is a gift; kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy – they’re given ____34____. Choices can be hard. You can seduce (引诱) yourself with your ____35____ if you’re not careful, and if you do, it’ll probably abuse your choices.
21.
A. feared B. worshiped C. understood D. satisfied
22.
A. gathering B. turning C. lying D. rolling
23.
A. enjoyed B. tried C. produced D. hated
24.
A. details B. structure C. subject D. purpose
25.
A. research B. good C. favour D. calculation
26.
A. reasonable B. complex C. large D. small
27.
A. back B. front C. middle D. side
28.
A. punished B. defeated C. applauded D. charged
29.
A. easy B. positive C. foolish D. tricky
30.
A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Thus
31.
A. severe B. agreeable C. trustful D. respectable
32.
A. beg B. criticize C. recommend D. require
33.
A. easier B. bigger C. worse D. harder
34.
A. after all B. in all C. above all D. for all
35.
A. choices B. love C. gifts D. hate
第Ⅱ卷( 55 分)
第二节 语法填空(共 10小题;每小题 1. 5分，满分 15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A wildlife research led by Dr. Sean Maxwell, ____36____ professor from University of Queensland, throws light on how various species have responded to major climate events.
“We have spent more than 70 years ____37____ (measure) the responses of various species,” said Dr. Maxwell. “The growing ____38____ (frequent) of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes ____39____ ecosystems. Hurricanes are the most common extreme event for birds and fish, while mammals (哺乳动物) respond most to drought events.”
UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science director Professor James Watson said the ____40____ (detail) information would help inform ecosystem management.
“The research clearly shows species will respond, often ____41____ (negative), to extreme events,” Professor Watson said. “In the past few decades, we ____42____ (see) more than 100 cases of sharp population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event. As extreme climate and weather events ____43____ (be) now more and more common, we need to act to ensure species have the best chance ____44____ (survive). Wherever possible, high quality and complete habitat areas should be protected, as these are the places _____45_____ species are most resilient (易恢复的) to increasing exposure to extreme events.”
第三节 选词填空 (共 5小题;每小题 1分，满分 5分)
选择并使用所给英语单词的正确形式完成句子, 有两个单词为多余词。
consumption grateful exposure resistance possess incredible
46. She was found in ________ of dangerous drugs.
47. There has been a doubling in the amount of gas ________ by electricity generators.
48. It’s ________ hard to maintain patience at all times with your children.
49. The man was shot outside his house as he tried to ________ arrest.
50. We want to ________ the kids to as much art and culture as possible.
第四节 单句填空 (共 10小题;每小题 1分，满分 10分)
根据句意, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
51. The village itself is pretty, but the ________(surround) countryside is rather dull. （所给词的适当形式填空）
52. Apart __________ their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain. (用适当的词填空)
53. Canada is a broad and beautiful country________(stretch) from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. (所给词的适当形式填空)
54. ________ (occupy) himself with the job, the president has little time with his family. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
55. It has not been decided yet ________ the upcoming English competition will be held. (用适当的词填空)
56. My teacher always reminds me that under no _________ (circumstance) should I give up my learning goals once I set them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
57. The committee is comprised ________ representatives from both the public and private sectors. (用适当的词填空)
58. Many great changes have taken place in China in the past 50 years, ________ makes every Chinese proud. (用适当的词填空)
59. There is a general ________ (recognize) that the study techniques of many students are not scientific. (所给词的适当形式填空)
60. ________ (equip) with excellent communication skills and fluent English, I will be up to the job. (所给词的适当形式填空)
第四部分 读后续写(满分 25分)
61. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a lazy Sunday morning, the type of day that getting out of bed requires an effort. When Marilyn and I entered the kitchen, Lori was already at the table doing her homework. Seeing us coming, she, suddenly, stood and faced me, “Why are there more pictures of Lisa than there are of me ” she asked. Lisa is our older daughter.
I stared back, not understanding the question. Lori turned and left the room. Caught off-guard by the question, I looked at Marilyn. “Are there more pictures of Lisa than of Lori ” Marilyn shrugged and raised her eyebrows in a motion of puzzlement. “Are you aware that there are more pictures of Lisa than Lori ” I added.
Marilyn said, “I’ve never counted them. I don’t know.”
Marilyn’s answer was the same as my thoughts, “I hadn’t realized that there was any significant difference. Now why would Lori ask such a question ” I asked.
Marilyn just shook her head and stared back at me. After a few minutes of thought she said, “When Lisa was born, you were taking photographs. You hardly went anywhere without a camera. When Lori was born, you were involved in colored slides (幻灯片). There must be hundreds of slides of Lori somewhere in the house that Lori has never seen or doesn’t remember.”
After digesting Marilyn’s remarks, I agreed. “After Lori leaves, we’ll look for those slides. Who knows, we may find more slides of Lori than pictures of Lisa,” I joked.
Later that afternoon, when we were alone, we went into the basement where we had stored the boxes that we had brought from our previous home. It wasn’t long before we discovered the trays of slides, and for the rest of the afternoon we looked at each tray, pointing out those slides that highlighted Lori.
“What are you going to do ” Marilyn asked.
“It’s her birthday in a few weeks,” I said, “We’ll select about one hundred slides with Lori and convert them into pictures, put them into an album and give to her as a gift. I don’t know if the album will answer her question, but at least she’ll know that we care enough to find her an answer.”
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右：
2. 开头已给出。
Paragraph 1:
Over the next few days, we secretly went through all of our slides.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
On November 24, before leaving for work, I opened her door and slipped the album inside.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案：1-20 BCAAC ABCBA ABCAC BABCB江苏省响水中学2023～2024 学年度秋学期高二年级期中考试
英语试题
考生注意：
1、本试题分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷，共10 页。
2、满分150 分，考试时间为 120 分钟。
第Ⅰ卷( 95 分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30分)
第一节(共 5 小题; 每小题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读 一遍。
1. What is the worst part of Joe’s story
A. The grammar. B. The handwriting C. The spelling.
2 What do the man’s class want to do this Sunday
A. Go for a swim. B. Do some sunbathing. C. Collect the rubbish.
3. Who probably picked the woman’s roses
A. Her son. B. The man. C. Her neighbor.
4. What are the speakers mainly discussing
A. Holiday plans. B. Work problems. C. Family members.
5. How did Cynthia do in her history test
A. She failed it. B. She barely passed. C. She did very well.
第二节(共 15 小题; 每小题 1.5 分，共 22.5 分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman ask the man to do
A. Recommend a film.
B. Buy some medicine.
C. Look for a restaurant.
7. How does the woman sound in the end
A. Annoyed. B. Excited. C. Humorous.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What can we say about the weather on Sunday
A. It was fine. B. It was hot. C. It was changeable.
9. What do the locals think of small balls of ice in midsummer
A. It’s beyond their expectations.
B. It’s a common phenomenon.
C. It’s caused by climate change.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What is the man doing
A. Conducting a job interview.
B. Introducing an agency.
C. Showing the woman around.
11. Where is the woman from
A. Britain. B. France. C. Germany
12. What does then man promise the woman
A. Life insurance. B. Office supplies. C. A fixed annual bonus.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What day is it today
A. Friday. B. Saturday. C. Sunday.
14. What does Claire think helped her get the letter from Harvard
A. Forming good learning habits.
B. Attending extra courses.
C. Staying up late to study
15. Why did Claire choose Harvard University
A. Her aunt was studying there.
B. She has won a scholarship to it.
C. She wants to be Madelyn’s schoolmate.
16. What does Claire plan to do before September
A. Visit her aunt. B. Travel abroad. C. Visit some colleges.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How many kinds of climate emergencies does the speaker mention
A. Five. B. Six. C. Seven.
18. What will cause a flash flood according to the speaker
A. Tidal waves. B. Damaged dams. C. The rising warm air.
19. What is the fourth crisis mainly about
A. Drought. B. Sea level. C. Disappearing species.
20. Why is James Elsner mentioned in the end
A. He does research on polar bears.
B. He proves hurricanes get stronger.
C. He aims to protect coral reefs.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节 阅读理解 (共 15小题;每小题 2.5分，满分 37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
STEM Summer Programs for High School Students
STEM is a term that stands for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Here is a list of some of the best STEM summer camps for high school students.
Future Matters Program
It is an 8-week paid summer research experience for high school students. This is a hands-on program for students interested in going after a career in medical research. Students will attend seminars led by the faculty and participate in discussions with peers.
Simons Summer Research
It is a seven-week program located at Stony Brook University. Students will have the opportunity to participate in special workshops, tours and events free of charge. They will conclude the program producing a written research abstract and a research poster.
Research Science Institute
It is the first cost-free summer program of its kind. During this six-week program, students will dive deeper into the world of science and engineering by experiencing the entire research cycle. In this program students will attend classes conducted by famous professors and prepare written and oral presentations to present their research.
Program in Math for Young Scientists
This is a six-week intensive mathematics program designed for students across the globe. Unlike common programs, it offers a great deal of independence for students to choose their own schedules and decide what they want to study. Besides learning, there is also “mandatory (强制的) fun time” built into the weekly schedule so that students are able to have non-math related activities.
1. Which program best suits students who want to be doctors
A. Future Matters Program. B. Simons Summer Research.
C Research Science Institute. D. Program in Math for Young Scientists.
2. What do Simons Summer Research and Research Science Institute have in common
A. The topic. B. The expense. C. The duration. D. The content.
3. What’s special in Program in Math for Young Scientists
A. Cultivating independent skills. B. Attending non-math activities.
C. Tailoring personal schedules. D. Enrolling international students.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些适合高中生的STEM夏令营。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Future Matters Program部分中“This is a hands-on program for students interested in going after a career in medical research.(这是一个为有兴趣从事医学研究的学生提供的实践性项目)”可知，该项目适合想要成为医生的学生。故选A。
【2题详解】
理解理解题。根据Simons Summer Research部分中“Students will have the opportunity to participate in special workshops, tours and events free of charge.(学生将有机会免费参加特别的研讨会、参观和活动)”和Research Science Institute部分中“It is the first cost-free summer program of its kind.(这是首个此类免费暑期课程)”可知，这两个项目的共同点是都免费。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Program in Math for Young Scientists部分中“Unlike common programs, it offers a great deal of independence for students to choose their own schedules and decide what they want to study.(与普通课程不同的是，它为学生提供了很大的独立性，可以选择自己的时间表并决定他们想学什么)”可知，该项目的特殊之处在于它允许定制个人的时间表。故选C。
B
Li Jianguo, a 49-year-old teacher at the Tianjin Vocational Institute, is set to be named as one of the “2022 most beautiful teachers”— an annual public award sponsored by the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the Ministry of Education.
Li has stood out by taking the lead in the training of students in vocational skills, gaining a number of honors including being named as a national role model teacher. He has mentored (指导) seven national-level technique experts and a team of 14 technique masters. One of his students, Guo Jinpeng, who graduated from the institute in 2007, became a college teacher at the Chengdu Auto Vocational and Technical School and was named as a national role model teacher in 2019.
Li’s nomination (提名) as one of the “2022 most beautiful teachers” reflects that China is focusing on the importance of vocational education and aims to foster (培养) more leading personnel with the spirit of craftsmanship in the manufacturing industry.
At an international vocational and technical education conference in Tianjin last month, Li noted that there is no difference between vocational education and ordinary education, and vocational education is not secondary nor should it ever be treated as less than ordinary education. “Vocational education has the mission of fostering a quality workforce and technical experts for the country. The hardworking spirit is the key to building any ordinary people into leading personnel,” he said.
Li joined the institute in 1993 and later founded a machinery engineering practice center, providing free training to 7,500 people a week. In 2015, he led a team of teachers to work for 40 days to repair 124 machine tools in the center. Li has devoted himself to building the country’s first additive manufacturing technique and application center at the institute to satisfy the thirst for the country’s human resources in 3D printing.
4. Why does the author mention Guo Jinpeng in paragraph 2
A. To make a comparison with Li Jianguo.
B. To publicize national role model teachers.
C. To praise national-level technique experts.
D. To show the achievements of Li Jianguo.
5. What is Li’s opinion about vocational education
A. It is more important than ordinary education.
B. It is secondary to ordinary education.
C. It should develop qualified and skilled talents.
D. It has nothing to do with hardworking spirit.
6. Which of the following best describes Li’s job at the institute
A. Boring. B. Well-paid. C. Challenging. D. Productive.
7. What is the best title for the text
A. China Sponsoring Annual Award for Teachers
B. China Aiming to Develop More Leading Personnel
C. A Vocational Teacher to Be Awarded as One of the “Most Beautiful Teachers”
D. Different Education Training Different Kinds of Students
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了被评为“2022年最美教师”之一的天津职业大学教师李建国，他为培养学生职业技能和国家技术专家做出了贡献。
【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第二段“Li has stood out by taking the lead in the training of students in vocational skills, gaining a number of honors including being named as a national role model teacher. He has mentored (指导) seven national-level technique experts and a team of 14 technique masters. One of his students, Guo Jinpeng, who graduated from the institute in 2007, became a college teacher at the Chengdu Auto Vocational and Technical School and was named as a national role model teacher in 2019.(李老师在学生职业技能培训方面处于领先地位，获得了包括全国模范教师在内多项荣誉。他指导了7名国家级技术专家和14名技术大师团队。他的学生郭金鹏2007年毕业于该学院，成为成都汽车职业技术学校的一名大学教师，并于2019年被评为全国模范教师)”可推知，作者在第二段提到郭金鹏是为了展示李建国的成就。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Vocational education has the mission of fostering a quality workforce and technical experts for the country.(职业教育的使命是为国家培养高素质的劳动力和技术专家)”可知，李建国认为职业教育应该培养合格、熟练的人才。故选C。
3. 推理判断题.根据最后一段“Li has devoted himself to building the country’s first additive manufacturing technique and application center at the institute to satisfy the thirst for the country’s human resources in 3D printing.(为了满足我国在3D打印领域的人力资源需求，李建国致力于在该研究所建设国内首个增材制造技术与应用中心)”可推知，李建国在学校的工作是有创造性的。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Li Jianguo, a 49-ycar-old teacher at the Tianjin Vocational Institute, is set to be named as one of the “2022 most beautiful teachers”(天津职业学院49岁的教师李建国将被评为“2022年最美教师”之一)”并结合全文信息可知，文章主要介绍了被评为“2022年最美教师”之一的天津职业大学教师李建国，他为培养学生职业技能和国家技术专家做出贡献。由此可知，C选项“职业教师被评为‘最美教师’”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
C
Housing officials say that lately they are noticing something different: students seem to lack the will, and the skill, to address ordinary conflicts. “We have students who are mad at each other and they text each other in the same room,” says a teacher. “So many of our conflicts are because kids don’t know how to tackle a problem by formal discussion.”
And as any pop psychologist will tell you, bottled emotions lead to silent discontent that can boil over into frustration and anger. At the University of Florida, emotional conflicts occur about once a week, the university’s director of housing education says. “Over the past five years, roommate conflicts have increased. The students don’t have the person-to-person discussions and they don’t know how to handle them.” The problem is most dramatic among freshmen; housing professionals say they see improvement as students move toward graduation, but some never seem to catch on, and they worry about how such students will deal with conflicts after college.
Administrators guess that reliance on cell phones and the Internet may have made it easier for young people to avoid uncomfortable encounters. Why express anger in person when you can vent in a text “Things are posted on someone’s wall on Facebook like: Oh, my roommate kept me up all night studying,” says Dana Pysz, an assistant director at the University of California, Los Angeles. “It’s a different way to express their conflict to each other, consequently creating even more conflicts as complaints go public.” In recent focus groups at North Carolina State University, dorm residents said they would not even confront noisy neighbors on their floor.
Administrators point to parents who have fixed their children’s problems in their entire lives. Now in college, the children lack the skills to attend to even modest conflicts. Some parents continue to interfere on campus.
8. What is the main reason for many roommate conflicts
A. Students are not good at reaching an agreement about the problems.
B. Students are not satisfied with each other.
C. Housing directors are not responsible for them.
D. Students are not strong-willed.
9. What do we learn from the second paragraph
A. Students, especially freshmen, should bottle up their dissatisfaction.
B. Students in Florida sit down and have a person-to-person talk once a week.
C. Not all students are able to handle conflicts by the time they graduate.
D. The number of conflicts among roommates has decreased in the past five years.
10. What is the attitude of Dana Pysz when he mentions roommates reveal their conflicts in the media
A. Disapproval. B. Indifference.
C. Empathy. D. Desperation.
11. What should parents do according to the passage
A. They should be involved in their children’s life on campus.
B. They should deal with their children’s problems in their whole lives .
C. They should constantly contact the administrators of the college.
D. They should teach their children the skills to tackle the conflicts.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章论述了许多室友之间的冲突产生的原因和现状。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“So many of our conflicts are because kids don’t know how to tackle a problem by formal discussion.(我们的很多冲突都是因为孩子们不知道如何协商问题)”可知，学生不善于就问题达成一致是许多室友冲突的主要原因。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The problem is most dramatic among freshmen; housing professionals say they see improvement as students move toward graduation, but some never seem to catch on, and they worry about how such students will deal with conflicts after college.(这个问题在大一新生中最为突出；住房专业人士说，随着学生迈向毕业，他们看到了一些改善，但有些人似乎从来没有跟上潮流，他们担心这些学生在大学毕业后将如何处理冲突)”可知，并不是所有的学生在毕业时都能处理好矛盾。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It’s a different way to express their conflict to each other, consequently creating even more conflicts as complaints go public.(这是一种不同的方式来表达他们之间的冲突，因此当抱怨公开时，会产生更多的摩擦)”可推知，作者不赞同这种公开冲突的方法。故选A。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Administrators point to parents who have fixed their children’s problems in their entire lives. Now in college, the children lack the skills to attend to even modest conflicts. Some parents continue to interfere on campus.(管理人员指出，有些父母一辈子都在解决孩子的问题。现在在大学里，孩子们缺乏处理即使是适度冲突的技能。一些家长继续干涉校园事务)”可知，家长们应该教他们的孩子处理冲突的技能。故选D。
D
Two years ago, enormous fires swept through some 46 million acres of forest in Russia, the country’s worst fire season on record. Now, researchers have a clearer sense of just how significant the 2021 boreal (北方的) forest fires were in terms of emissions. The fires produced more planet-heating carbon dioxide than any other extreme fire event that has occurred since the turn of the 21st century, according to a study.
Boreal forests grow where it is very cold. The trees that live in this type of forest grow slowly and seal (封存) carbon in their trunks and roots for hundreds of years, comprising a collection of trapped emissions that researchers call a carbon sink. But rising temperatures and related drought in these historically cool regions have led to an increase in extreme wildfire activity and threaten to release the carbon stored in the trees that grow there, transforming a carbon sink into a carbon source.
In all, fires in boreal forests released the carbon sink and produced nearly half a billion metric tons of carbon in 2021. That’s more carbon than the entire continent of Australia produced the same year, though some of the emissions produced by the fires will be sucked back up as forests regrow.
The researchers obtained the data for their study by tracking concentrations of emissions in the atmosphere using satellites, and then they put that information into a computer model to determine where, geographically, those emissions came from. They found that boreal forests, which typically produce about 10 percent of the globe’s annual wildfire emissions, accounted for 23 percent of the world’s wildfire emissions in 2021 — more than twice as much as normal.
Canadell, who led the study, is most concerned about the study’s main takeaway; Boreal forests have served an important and underappreciated role in sequestering carbon emissions, but climate change threatens to release that carbon. “We need to be very careful with these systems in terms of their future development.” he said.
12. What is the function of paragraph 2
A. To indicate the seriousness of the fire.
B. To illustrate two scientific concepts.
C. To explain the source of carbon.
D. To show the importance of boreal forests.
13. How did the scientists get needed data
A. By searching on the website. B. By employing technology.
C. By analyzing previous data. D. By turning to the firefighters.
14. What does the underlined word “sequestering” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Stopping. B. Increasing. C. Monitoring. D. Assessing.
15. What is mainly talked about in the text
A. The reasons for the forest fires in the north.
B. The impact of the 2021 boreal forest fires.
C. The link between fires and carbon dioxide.
D. The increasingly growing carbon emissions.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是2021年北方森林大火造成的影响。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The fires produced more planet-heating carbon dioxide than any other extreme fire event that has occurred since the turn of the 21st century, according to a study. (根据一项研究，自21世纪之交以来，火灾产生的地球加热二氧化碳比任何其他极端火灾事件都多)”及第二段“Boreal forests grow where it is very cold. The trees that live in this type of forest grow slowly and seal carbon in their trunks and roots for hundreds of years, comprising a collection of trapped emissions that researchers call a carbon sink. (北方的森林生长在非常寒冷的地方。生活在这种类型的森林中的树木生长缓慢，并在树干和根部封存碳数百年，其中包括一组被捕获的排放物，研究人员称之为碳汇)”可知，文章首段提出北方森林大火造成了大量的碳排放，在第二段介绍了森林对碳的封存功能以及这些树木内的碳是如何释放出来的。由此推知，第二段的目的是解释北方森林大火为什么会造成大量的碳排放，即说明这些碳的来源。故选C项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The researchers obtained the data for their study by tracking concentrations of emissions in the atmosphere using satellites, and then they put that information into a computer model to determine where, geographically, those emissions came from. (研究人员通过使用卫星跟踪大气中的排放浓度来获得研究数据，然后将这些信息输入计算机模型，以确定这些排放在地理上来自何处)”可知，科学家在研究过程中使用了高科技来统计数据。故选B项。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“But rising temperatures and related drought in these historically cool regions have led to an increase in extreme wildfire activity and threaten to release the carbon stored in the trees that grow there, transforming a carbon sink into a carbon source. (但是，在这些历史上凉爽的地区，气温上升和相关的干旱导致了极端野火活动的增加，并有可能释放储存在那里生长的树木中的碳，将碳汇转化为碳源)”以及第五段划线词后句中“but climate change threatens to release that carbon(但气候变化有可能释放这种碳)”可知，北方森林在隔离碳排放方面发挥了重要但未得到充分重视的作用。由此可知，划线词sequestering和stopping“阻止”意思相近。故选A项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Two years ago, enormous fires swept through some 46 million acres of forest in Russia, the country’s worst fire season on record. Now, researchers have a clearer sense of just how significant the 2021 boreal (北方的) forest fires were in terms of emissions. (两年前，大火席卷了俄罗斯约4600万英亩的森林，这是该国有记录以来最严重的火灾季节。现在，研究人员对2021北方森林火灾在排放方面的重要性有了更清晰的认识)”可知，文章主要介绍的是2021年北方森林大火造成的影响。故选B项。
第二节 七选五(共 5小题;每小题 2. 5分, 满分 12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The benefits of walking are many, but deciding how many miles to cover and how much time to spend walking each day is another matter.
Studies have shown that the average American takes between 3000 and 4,000 steps daily doing everyday tings — about 1.5 to 2 miles. _____16_____ But the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises most adults to aim for 10,000 steps a day or about 5 miles. And the recommendation contributes to more positive health outcomes.
_____17_____ You can measure your efforts in quantities of time instead. “As a walker, you should aim for at least 30 minutes per day, or a total of 150 minutes per week,” says Austin, a licensed psychotherapist. What’s more, if 30 minutes of walking is unrealistic for you to do all at once, then breaking it up into three short, 10-minute sessions. _____18_____
It may also be helpful to health to make walking a part of one’s daily routine. People can take the stairs instead of the elevator, park at the other end of the lot and walk a further distance to a store’s entrance when shopping. _____19_____ Then walk the rest of the way home. All these additional steps can be acquired creatively, beyond fixed walking time.
On top of such physical benefits, walking has been shown to improve sleep and mental health including mood and self-esteem. _____20_____ Therefore, it is free and well accepted by the majority of people. If one is ready to improve overall levels of fitness, walking ticks all the right boxes.
A. Combine walking with everyday routine.
B. They will provide the same health benefits.
C. What if counting results by miles isn’t your thing
D. Still, why not get off public transportation a stop early
E. Walking sessions should be continuous to be beneficial.
F. That amount alone has been shown to lower one’s death risk.
G. Walking requires no special equipment, gym membership or training.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日常生活中步行的好处。
【16题详解】
根据前句“Studies have shown that the average American takes between 3,000 and 4,000 steps daily doing everyday tings — about 1.5 to 2 miles. (研究表明，美国人平均每天要走3000到4000步，做一些日常的事情——大约1.5到2英里。)”可知，这里继续介绍每天走3000到4000步的好处——可以降低死亡风险。所以选择项F“That amount alone has been shown to lower one’s death risk.(仅这个量就已被证明可以降低死亡风险。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据后句“You can measure your efforts in quantities of time instead. (你可以用时间来衡量你的努力。)”可知，如果不喜欢用多少英里计算步行，也可以用时间来衡量。所以选择项C“What if counting results by miles isn’t your thing (如果按英里数计算结果不是你的菜呢 )”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据前句“What’s more, if 30 minutes of walking is unrealistic for you to do all at once, then breaking it up into three short, 10-minute sessions. (更重要的是，如果30分钟的步行对你来说一次完成是不现实的，那么把它分成三个10分钟的小时间段。)”可知，不管是连续步行30分钟还是分成三个10分钟完成都能达到同样的健康好处。所以选择项B“They will provide the same health benefits. (它们将提供同样的健康益处。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据后句“Then walk the rest of the way home. (然后走剩下的路回家。)”可知，这里介绍日常生活中坐公共汽车可以提前一站下车，走着回家，达到步行锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“Still, why not get off public transportation a stop early (不过，为什么不早一站下公共交通工具呢 )”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【20题详解】
根据后句“Therefore, it is free and well accepted by the majority of people. (因此，它是免费的，并为大多数人所接受。)”可知，前后句是因果关系，说明步行免费的原因——不需要特殊的设备，也不需要会员资格。所以选择项G“Walking requires no special equipment, gym membership or training. (步行不需要特殊的设备，健身房会员资格或训练。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共五节，满分 55分)
第一节 完形填空 (共 15小题; 每小题 1分，满分 15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As a kid, I spent my summers with my grandfathers on their farm in Texas. I loved and ____21____ my grandparents and I really looked forward to adventures in my grandfather’s car. On one particular trip, I was about 10 years old. I was ____22____ around in the big bench seat in the back of the car. My grandfather was driving. And my grandmother had the passenger seat. She smoked throughout these trips, and I ____23____ the smell.
At that age, I’d take any excuse to make estimates and do minor calculation (计算). I’d been hearing an ad campaign about smoking. I can’t remember the ____24____, but basically the ad said, every puff of a cigarette takes some number of minutes off your life: I think it might have been two minutes per puff. At any rate, I decided to do the ____25____ for my grandmother. When I was satisfied that I’d come up with a ____26____ number, I poked my head into the ____27____ of the car, tapped my grandmother on the shoulder, and proudly proclaimed, “At two minutes per puff, you’ve taken nine years off your life!”
I have a very vivid memory of what happened next, and it was not what I had expected. I expected to be ____28____ for my cleverness and my arithmetic skills. “Jeff, you are so smart. You had to have made some ____29____ estimates.” That’s not what happened. ____30____, my grandmother burst into tears.
My grandfather was a highly intelligent, quiet man. He had never said a ____31____ word to me, and maybe this was to be the first time Or maybe he would ____32____ that I get back in the car to apologize. We stopped beside the trailer. My grandfather looked at me, and after a bit of silence, he gently and calmly said, “Jeff, one day you’ll understand that it’s ____33____ to be kind than clever.”
Cleverness is a gift; kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy – they’re given ____34____. Choices can be hard. You can seduce (引诱) yourself with your ____35____ if you’re not careful, and if you do, it’ll probably abuse your choices.
21.
A. feared B. worshiped C. understood D. satisfied
22.
A. gathering B. turning C. lying D. rolling
23.
A. enjoyed B. tried C. produced D. hated
24.
A. details B. structure C. subject D. purpose
25.
A. research B. good C. favour D. calculation
26.
A. reasonable B. complex C. large D. small
27.
A. back B. front C. middle D. side
28.
A. punished B. defeated C. applauded D. charged
29.
A. easy B. positive C. foolish D. tricky
30.
A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Thus
31.
A. severe B. agreeable C. trustful D. respectable
32.
A. beg B. criticize C. recommend D. require
33.
A. easier B. bigger C. worse D. harder
34.
A. after all B. in all C. above all D. for all
35.
A. choices B. love C. gifts D. hate
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. A 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在一次旅行中，根据广告中的信息，计算出祖母因吸烟而减少的寿命，并告诉了祖母，结果祖母哭了。祖父在这个时候告诉作者，善良比聪明更重要。作者通过这个故事表达出，聪明是一种天赋，而善良是一种选择，而选择往往比天赋更难。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我爱并崇拜我的祖父母，我真的很期待在祖父的车里冒险。A. feared恐惧；B. worshiped崇拜；C. understood理解；D. satisfied满意。根据后一句“and I really looked forward to adventures in my grandfather’s car”可知作者爱且崇拜着祖父母。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我坐在汽车后座的长椅上打滚。A. gathering聚集；B. turning转向；C. lying躺；D. rolling滚动。根据后半句“around in the big bench seat in the back of the car”可知应该表示作者在后排座位上的状态。结合作者当时是个孩子，故roll around表示“滚来滚去”符合语境。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她一路上都在抽烟，我讨厌那股烟味。A. enjoyed喜欢；B. tried试图；C. produced产生；D. hated讨厌。根据后文的描述“I’d been hearing an ad campaign about smoking. I can’t remember the ____4____, but basically the ad said, every puff of a cigarette takes some number of minutes off your life: I think it might have been two minutes per puff. (我不记得细节了，但广告基本上是说，每吸一口烟会减少你几分钟的寿命：我想可能是每吸一口两分钟)”以及后文作者，告诉祖母吸烟有害健康，可知作者是很讨厌烟味。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不记得细节了，但广告基本上是说，每吸一口烟会减少你几分钟的寿命：我想可能是每吸一口两分钟。A. details细节；B. structure结构；C. subject主题；D. purpose目的。根据后文“but basically the ad said”中but表示转折，说明作者只记得大概，不记得细节的内容了。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，我决定为我的祖母计算一下。A. research研究；B. good好事；C. favour支持；D. calculation计算。根据上文“At that age, I’d take any excuse to make estimates and do minor calculation. (在那个年纪，我会找任何借口做一些估计和计算)”可知指作者为祖母做吸烟减少多少寿命的算数。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我满意地得出了一个合理的数字时，我把头探进车头，拍了拍奶奶的肩膀，自豪地宣布：“每吸一口烟两分钟，你就少活了九年!”A. reasonable合理的；B. complex复杂的；C. large大的；D. small小的。根据后文“At two minutes per puff, you’ve taken nine years off your life! (每吸一口烟两分钟，你就少活了九年！)”指作者算出了一个合理的数字。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我满意地得出了一个合理的数字时，我把头探进车头，拍了拍奶奶的肩膀，自豪地宣布：“每吸一口烟两分钟，你就少活了九年!”A. back后面；B. front前面；C. middle中间；D. side一边。根据上文“around in the big bench seat in the back of the car”以及后文“tapped my grandmother on the shoulder”可知作者坐在后面，所以是把头伸向前边。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我原以为自己的聪明才智和算术技能会受到称赞。“杰夫，你真聪明。”A. punished惩罚；B. defeated击败；C. applauded鼓掌，表扬；D. charged负责。根据后半句“for my cleverness and my arithmetic skills. “Jeff, you are so smart.”可知作者以为会因为聪明和算数技能被表扬。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你肯定做了一些棘手的估计。A. easy简单的；B. positive积极的；C. foolish愚蠢的；D. tricky棘手的。根据上文“for my cleverness and my arithmetic skills”以及后文“estimates”可知，作者以为自己算出了具体的数字会得到夸奖，表扬作者计算出了比较难的数字。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我的祖母哭泣起来。A. Therefore因此；B. Instead相反，而不是；C. Moreover此外；D. Thus因此。根据上一句“That’s not what happened.”以及下一句“my grandmother burst into tears.”可知实际上发生的事情和作者想的相反，作者没有得到夸奖，祖母反而哭了起来。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他从来没有对我说过一句严厉的话，也许这是第一次？A. severe严厉的；B. agreeable令人愉快的；C. trustful值得信赖的；D. respectable尊敬的。根据“word to me, and maybe this was to be the first time”以及上文提到作者把祖母惹哭了，可推测这是第一次爷爷对作者说严厉的话，以前爷爷没有批评过作者。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者他会要求我回到车里道歉。A. beg乞求；B. criticize批评；C. recommend建议；D. require要求。根据后文“that I get back in the car to apologize”指作者猜测爷爷要求作者去车里道歉。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：祖父看着我，沉默了一会儿，然后温柔而平静地说：“杰夫，总有一天你会明白，善良比聪明更难。”A. easier更简单的；B. bigger更大的；C. worse更糟糕的；D. harder更难的。根据后文“Choices can be hard.”可知爷爷告诉作者有时善良要比聪明更难。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：天赋很容易——毕竟它们是与生俱来的。A. after all毕竟；B.in all总共；C. above all首先；D. for all永远。根据上文“Gifts are easy — they’re given”可知，天赋很容易是因为毕竟它们是与生俱来的。after all表示“毕竟”符合语境。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你不小心，你的选择可能会诱惑你自己，如果你这样做了，它可能会滥用你的选择。A. choices选择；B. love爱；C. gifts礼物；D. hate讨厌。根据后文“if you’re not careful, and if you do, it’ll probably abuse your choices”此处指的是你的选择可能会诱惑你自己。故选A。
第Ⅱ卷( 55 分)
第二节 语法填空(共 10小题;每小题 1. 5分，满分 15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A wildlife research led by Dr. Sean Maxwell, ____36____ professor from University of Queensland, throws light on how various species have responded to major climate events.
“We have spent more than 70 years ____37____ (measure) the responses of various species,” said Dr. Maxwell. “The growing ____38____ (frequent) of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes ____39____ ecosystems. Hurricanes are the most common extreme event for birds and fish, while mammals (哺乳动物) respond most to drought events.”
UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science director Professor James Watson said the ____40____ (detail) information would help inform ecosystem management.
“The research clearly shows species will respond, often ____41____ (negative), to extreme events,” Professor Watson said. “In the past few decades, we ____42____ (see) more than 100 cases of sharp population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event. As extreme climate and weather events ____43____ (be) now more and more common, we need to act to ensure species have the best chance ____44____ (survive). Wherever possible, high quality and complete habitat areas should be protected, as these are the places _____45_____ species are most resilient (易恢复的) to increasing exposure to extreme events.”
【答案】36. a 37. measuring
38. frequency
39. to 40. detailed
41. negatively
42. have seen
43. are 44. to survive
45. where
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。澳大利亚昆士兰大学的肖恩·麦克斯韦博士领导了一项研究，表明极端气候威胁着野生动物的生存。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：由昆士兰大学教授肖恩·麦克斯韦尔博士领导的一项野生动物研究揭示了不同物种如何对重大气候事件做出反应。可数名词professor在句中表示“(昆士兰大学的)一位教授”，泛指，professor发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“我们花了70多年的时间来测量不同物种的反应，”麦克斯韦尔博士说。spend...doing...是固定搭配，用动名词作宾语。故填measuring。
38题详解】
考查名词。句意：飓风、干旱和洪水等极端天气事件日益频繁，正在给生态系统造成不可预测的直接变化。提示词在句中作主语，用名词frequency。故填frequency。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：飓风、干旱和洪水等极端天气事件日益频繁，正在给生态系统造成不可预测的直接变化。cause...to...是固定搭配，，意为“给……带来……，给……造成……”，to是介词。故填to。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：昆士兰大学生物多样性和保护科学中心主任詹姆斯·沃森教授说，详细的信息将有助于为生态系统管理提供信息。提示词作定语，修饰名词information，用形容词detailed，意为“详细的”。故填detailed。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：研究清楚地表明，物种对极端事件的反应往往是消极的。根据句意，提示词修饰动词respond，应用副词negatively，意为“消极地”。故填negatively。
【42题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：在过去的几十年里，我们已经看到了100多个极端事件后人口急剧下降和31个当地人口灭绝的案例。分析句子可知，see(看到)是句中谓语动词，与主语we之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语In the past few decades，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数代词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时态，复数形式。故填have seen。
【43题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：随着极端气候和天气事件越来越普遍，我们需要采取行动，确保物种有最好的生存条件。提示词时间状语从句中系动词，结合句意和时间状语now可知，应使用一般现在时态，主语climate and weather events是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着极端气候和天气事件越来越普遍，我们需要采取行动，确保物种有最好的生存条件。the best to do...是固定搭配，用不定式作后置定语。故填to survive 。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：只要有可能，高质量和完整的栖息地应该得到保护，因为这些地方的物种对日益增加的极端事件的抵抗力最强。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词places，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这些地方”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
第三节 选词填空 (共 5小题;每小题 1分，满分 5分)
选择并使用所给英语单词的正确形式完成句子, 有两个单词为多余词。
consumption grateful exposure resistance possess incredible
46. She was found in ________ of dangerous drugs.
47. There has been a doubling in the amount of gas ________ by electricity generators.
48. It’s ________ hard to maintain patience at all times with your children.
49. The man was shot outside his house as he tried to ________ arrest.
50. We want to ________ the kids to as much art and culture as possible.
【答案】46. possession
47. consumed
48. incredibly
49. resist 50. expose
【解析】
【46题详解】
考查名词。句意：她被发现藏有危险毒品。根据“dangerous drugs”以及句意“藏有”可知应填名词possession，作宾语，in possession of“有”是固定搭配。故填possession。
【47题详解】
考查动词。句意：发电机消耗的天然气量增加了一倍。根据“the amount of gas”以及句意“消耗”可知应填动词consume，与gas构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填consumed。
【48题详解】
考查副词。句意：对孩子始终保持耐心是非常困难的。根据“maintain patience at all times with your children”以及句意“非常”可知应填副词incredibly，修饰hard。故填incredibly。
【49题详解】
考查动词。句意：这名男子在他家门外试图拒捕时被枪杀。根据“The man was shot outside his house”以及句意“拒捕”可知应填动词resist，上文为短语try to do sth.，因此空处填动词原形。故填resist。
【50题详解】
考查动词。句意：我们想让孩子们尽可能多地接触艺术和文化。根据“the kids to as much art and culture as possible”以及句意“接触”可知应填动词expose，上文为短语want to do sth.，故空处填动词原形。故填expose。
第四节 单句填空 (共 10小题;每小题 1分，满分 10分)
根据句意, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
51. The village itself is pretty, but the ________(surround) countryside is rather dull. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】surrounding
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个村庄本身很漂亮，但周围的乡村却相当单调。修饰后文名词countryside应用形容词surrounding，作定语。故填surrounding。
52. Apart __________ their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】from
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：除了在伦敦的房子外，他们在西班牙还有一座别墅。分析句子结构可知，此处应为固定短语apart from意为“除此之外，还……”符合句意。故填from。
53. Canada is a broad and beautiful country________(stretch) from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】stretching
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：加拿大是一个广阔而美丽的国家，从大西洋一直延伸到太平洋。分析句子可知，空格处是定语成分，因country与stretch是主动关系，所以用现在分词，作定语。故填stretching。
54. ________ (occupy) himself with the job, the president has little time with his family. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Occupying
【解析】
【详解】查非谓语动词。句意：总统忙于工作，几乎没有时间和家人在一起。occupy oneself with意为“忙于”。结合句意可知，动词occupy和逻辑主语the president之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，首字母应大写。故填Occupying。
55. It has not been decided yet ________ the upcoming English competition will be held. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whether
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：即将到来的英语比赛是否举行还没有被决定。分析句子可知，It为形式主语开头，空处缺少连接词引导主语从句，分析句子可知，从句部分结构完整，不缺少主要成分，根据has not been decided可知，英语比赛“是否”举行还没有被决定，用whether引导从句。故填whether。
56. My teacher always reminds me that under no _________ (circumstance) should I give up my learning goals once I set them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】circumstances
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我的老师总是提醒我，一旦我设定了我的学习目标，我决不应该放弃它们。表示“决不”短语为under no circumstances，故填circumstances。
57. The committee is comprised ________ representatives from both the public and private sectors. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】of
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：该委员会由公营和私营机构的代表组成。be comprised of...是固定短语，意为“由……组成”。故填of。
58. Many great changes have taken place in China in the past 50 years, ________ makes every Chinese proud. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在过去的50年里，中国发生了许多巨大的变化，这让每个中国人都感到自豪。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代前文的整个主句，故使用which。故填which。
59. There is a general ________ (recognize) that the study techniques of many students are not scientific. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】recognition
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：人们普遍认识到，许多学生的学习技巧是不科学的。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入名词作主语，由a可知，此处用单数形式。故填recognition。
60. ________ (equip) with excellent communication skills and fluent English, I will be up to the job. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Equipped
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：具备良好的沟通技巧和流利的英语，我能胜任这项工作。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，句子主语I和equip为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用equip的过去分词equipped作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Equipped。
第四部分 读后续写(满分 25分)
61. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a lazy Sunday morning, the type of day that getting out of bed requires an effort. When Marilyn and I entered the kitchen, Lori was already at the table doing her homework. Seeing us coming, she, suddenly, stood and faced me, “Why are there more pictures of Lisa than there are of me ” she asked. Lisa is our older daughter.
I stared back, not understanding the question. Lori turned and left the room. Caught off-guard by the question, I looked at Marilyn. “Are there more pictures of Lisa than of Lori ” Marilyn shrugged and raised her eyebrows in a motion of puzzlement. “Are you aware that there are more pictures of Lisa than Lori ” I added.
Marilyn said, “I’ve never counted them. I don’t know.”
Marilyn’s answer was the same as my thoughts, “I hadn’t realized that there was any significant difference. Now why would Lori ask such a question ” I asked.
Marilyn just shook her head and stared back at me. After a few minutes of thought she said, “When Lisa was born, you were taking photographs. You hardly went anywhere without a camera. When Lori was born, you were involved in colored slides (幻灯片). There must be hundreds of slides of Lori somewhere in the house that Lori has never seen or doesn’t remember.”
After digesting Marilyn’s remarks, I agreed. “After Lori leaves, we’ll look for those slides. Who knows, we may find more slides of Lori than pictures of Lisa,” I joked.
Later that afternoon, when we were alone, we went into the basement where we had stored the boxes that we had brought from our previous home. It wasn’t long before we discovered the trays of slides, and for the rest of the afternoon we looked at each tray, pointing out those slides that highlighted Lori.
“What are you going to do ” Marilyn asked.
“It’s her birthday in a few weeks,” I said, “We’ll select about one hundred slides with Lori and convert them into pictures, put them into an album and give to her as a gift. I don’t know if the album will answer her question, but at least she’ll know that we care enough to find her an answer.”
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右：
2. 开头已给出。
Paragraph 1:
Over the next few days, we secretly went through all of our slides.
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Paragraph 2:
On November 24, before leaving for work, I opened her door and slipped the album inside.
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【答案】One possible version
Over the next few days, we secretly went through all of our slides. We kept on selecting and rejecting pictures until we were satisfied. Those pictures brought back memories of the early years of our marriage and we hoped they showed how we felt about our daughter. Marilyn had them converted into photographs. Then, we placed them into an album with a birthday card explaining why her mother and I had put the album together. When the album was finally finished, we hid the book until her birthday.
On November 24, before leaving for work, I opened her door and slipped the album inside. Then I left the house and drove to work. I was about to enter the office when the telephone rang. I picked up the receiver, and on the other end of the receiver, a tiny voice spoke, ''I love you, Daddy, '' she said and disconnected. The receiver remained against my ear for a few more minutes before I placed it on the telephone. Our message had been delivered and acknowledged.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇读后续写。文章主要讲述，一天作者的女儿Lori问他为什么Lisa的照片比自己多。作者一开始不明白是怎么回事，后来在Marilyn的提示下才明白，原来Lisa小时候拍了很多照片放在家里，而Lori的是幻灯片，也有很多。作者下午去储藏室找有Lori的幻灯片，准备把它们转化成照片，在生日时给她惊喜。
【详解】续写分为两个部分
第一部分的开头是：接下来的几天，我们秘密地看完了所有的幻灯片。所以可以接着写：他们选取一些照片作为生日礼物，在选照片的过程中想起了一些美好的回忆。他们把选好的照片装进相册，准备给Lori惊喜。
第二部分的开头是：11月24日，在前往工作前，我打开Lori的门，悄悄把相册放了进去。所以可以接着写：在作者到达工作地后，接到了Lori打来的电话。她对作者说了一些暖心的话，让他感动的话。作者也很高兴自己的心意被女儿接受了。
续写内容要符合逻辑，注意时态、人称、主谓一致。
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些主从复合句，例如：Then, we placed them into an album with a birthday card explaining why her mother and I had put the album together.中why引导宾语从句；I was about to enter the office when the telephone rang.中使用了固定句型was about to do…when…“正要做某事（突然）”
听力答案：1-20 BCAAC ABCBA ABCAC BABCB
