上外版（2020）必修 第一册Unit1 School life词汇精讲课件(共41张PPT)

(共41张PPT)
Unit 1 School Life
重点词汇
1. assignment n. (分派的)任务
The assessment for the course involves written assignments and practical tests.
这门课程的评估包括各种书面作业和实践测试。
【拓展】
assign vt / sa n/
1) If you assign a piece of work to someone, you give them the work to do. 布置 (任务)
When I taught, I would assign a topic to children that they would write about.
教书时，我会给孩子们布置个写作题。
Later in the year, she'll assign them research papers.
今年晚些时候，她将给他们布置论文。
2) If you assign something to someone, you say that it is for their use. 分配 (某物)
The selling broker is then required to assign a portion of the commission to the buyer broker.
卖方经纪人则被要求分给买方经纪人一部分佣金。
重点词汇
【固定搭配】
assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人去做某事。
Judy, it is my great privilege to officially assign you to the heart of Zootopia.
朱迪，我很荣幸能正式把你指派到疯狂动物城的中心
练习：
英国军队被派遣协助维持和平。
British forces have been assigned to help with peacekeeping.
重点词汇
2. related adj. 相关的；有联系的
Light industry is closely related to agriculture.
轻工业和农业密切相关。
【固定搭配】
be related to… 与…相关。
The speed of Covid-19 spread is closely related to people’s wearing masks or not.
新冠的传播速度和人们戴不戴口罩密切相关。
重点词汇
3. creative adj. 创造(性)的；创作的
Like so many creative people, he was never satisfied.
正如许多有创造力的人一样，他永不满足。
We need to produce better creative if we want to attract big clients.
要吸引大客户，我们就得拿出更好的创意。
词转：
create v. 创造
creation n. 创造
creature n. 生物
重点词汇
4. stare v. 盯着看；凝视
It's harmful for your eyes to stare at the computer or mobile phone screen for a long time.
长时间盯着电脑或手机屏幕对你的眼睛有害。
【固定搭配】
stare at…盯着…看；凝视
【近义词辨析】
peer, glance, stare, gaze, glare
这组词都有“看，瞧”的意思，都可以和at形成搭配；其区别是：
peer 指眯着眼睛仔细地或略为吃力地看。
glance 指匆匆地或粗略地一看，侧重心不在焉地、匆忙地看一眼。
stare 侧重因惊奇、好奇、粗鲁无礼等而睁大眼睛看。
gaze 指出于羡慕、感兴趣、关心或惊异而长时间目不转睛地看。
glare 指用愤恨、凶狠或含敌意的眼光死死看着某人。
重点词汇
5. blank adj. 空白的
He tore a blank page from his notebook.
他从笔记本上撕下一页白纸
【拓展】
1. (表格等的) 空白处
Put a word in each blank to complete the sentence.
在每个空格处填一个单词完成句子。
2. 茫然的; 无表情的; 漠然的
Abbot looked blank. "I don't quite follow, sir."
阿博特一脸茫然，“我不太明白，先生。”
3. (头脑、记忆等的) 一片空白
I'm sorry, but my mind is a blank.
很抱歉，可是我脑子里一片空白。
重点词汇
6. actually adv. 事实 上，的确
One afternoon, I got bored and actually fell asleep for a few minutes.
一天下午，我感到很无聊，实际上有几分钟还睡着了。
【同义短语】
actually= in fact
重点词汇
7. distant adj. 遥远的；久远的；远房的
The mountains rolled away to a distant horizon.
群山绵延至遥远的天边。
There is little doubt, however, that things will improve in the not too distant future.
然而毋庸置疑的是，事情在不远的将来会有改观。
He's a distant relative of the mayor.
他是市长的远房亲戚。
重点词汇
8. ignore v. 忽视；对……不予理会
She said her husband ignored her.
她说她丈夫对她置之不理。
It would be a mistake to ignore his opinion.
忽略他的意见是不对的。
【同根词拓展】
ignorance / ɡn r ns/ n. 无知
I am beginning to feel embarrassed by my complete ignorance of world history.
我开始为自己对世界历史的一无所知感到尴尬。
重点词汇
9. beg v. 恳求；哀求
I begged him to come back to New York with me.
我请求他和我一起回纽约。
【词组及短语】
beg for food 乞求
beg your pardon 对不起，请原谅
go begging vi. 行乞；销路极差
beg off 请求免除
【固定搭配】
beg sb. to do sth. 乞求某人去做某事。
beg one's pardon 请某人再说一遍
重点词汇
10. sort n. 种类；类别
There are so many different sorts of mushrooms available these days.
这些日子可买到各种各样的蘑菇。
He seemed to be just the right sort for the job.
他似乎就是该工作的合适人选。
【拓展】
1）v. 分类
He sorted the materials into their folders.
他将材料分类放入他们的文件夹里。
He unlatched the box and sorted through the papers.
他打开盒子的锁，在文件里分类拣选。
2）n. All sorts of things or people means a large number of different things or people. 各种各样
There are all sorts of animals, including bears, pigs, kangaroos, and penguins.
有各种各样的动物，包括熊、猪、袋鼠和企鹅。
重点词汇
It was used by all sorts of people. 它被各种人使用。
【词组及短语】
sort of 有几分地；到某种程度；稍稍 some sort of 某种的；多少有些；仿佛
sort out 挑选出 of sorts 各种各样的
that sort of thing 那类事情
【近义词辨析】
category, sort, species, classification, class, type, variety, kind
这组词都有“种，类，类型”的意思，其区别是：
category 书面用词，特指有确切定义的群体。
sort 普通用词，文体较kind随便，指对人或对事物进行的大概分类，有时含贬义。
species 书面用词，单复数同形。指生物分类上的种。
classification 指根据已经确定的类型对某一实物作鉴别和归类。
class 正式用词，指门类、种类或优劣等级；用于指动植物的分类时，表示“纲”。
type 指客观界限比较清楚，有相同本质特点的同类事物，或指大致相似的同类事物。
variety 强调有各自的特点，形式不同，品质不同的种类。
kind 指性质相同，而且特征很相似，足以归为一类的人或东西，跟sort类似。
重点词汇
11. harsh adj. 残酷的；严厉的；刺耳的
He said many harsh and unkind things about his opponents.
他说了许多关于他对手的严厉且残酷的话。
It's a pity she has such a loud harsh voice.
可惜她有这么一种响亮刺耳的声音。
重点词汇
12. pressure n. 心理压力；紧张
He didn't put any pressure on her.
他并没有给她施加任何压力。
Teenagers may find it difficult to resist peer pressure.
青少年可能觉得很难抗拒同龄人的压力。
【拓展】
pressure. v. 对…施加压力
He will never pressure you to get married.
他永远也不会给你施加压力让你结婚。
pressure sb. to do sth. 迫使某人去做某事。
重点词汇
13. expectation n.希望；盼望
There was an air of expectation and great curiosity.
有着一种期待和好奇的感觉。
【常见短语】
in expectation 期望着；意料之中
expectation value 期待值
expectation of life 平均寿命；预期寿命（等于life expectancy）
mathematical expectation 数学的期望值
live up to expectations 按照期望做到，不负众望
rational expectation 理性预期；合理预期
beyond expectation 出乎意料
out of expectation 出乎意料
expectation effect 期望效应
have expectations of (对…)抱有期望
重点词汇
fort n. 安慰；慰藉
It's a comfort talking to you.
与你谈谈是一种安慰。
v. to make sb who is worried or unhappy feel better by being kind and sympathetic towards them 安慰；抚慰
Ned put his arm around her, trying to comfort her.
内德搂着她，试图安慰她。
重点词汇
15. throughout prep/adv 自始至终; 各处；遍及
Movie music can be made memorable because its themes are repeated throughout the film.
电影音乐可以制作得令人难忘，因为其主旋律在影片中反复出现。
The floods caused havoc throughout the area.
洪水给整个地区带来了灾害。
重点词汇
16. reflect v. 认真思考；深思 (reflect on)
We should all give ourselves time to reflect.
我们都应该给自己时间来深思。
Over the next few years many people had occasion to reflect on the truth of his warnings.
在随后的几年里许多人有机会反思他那些警告的真相。
v. to show or be a sign of the nature or of sb’s attitude or feeling 显示，表明，表达(事物的自然属性或人们的态度、情感等)
A newspaper report seems to reflect the view of most members of Congress.
报纸的一篇报导似乎反映了国会多数议员的观点。
v. 反射
The sun reflected off the snow-covered mountains.
阳光从被雪覆盖的山峦反射回来。
【词组短语】
reflect on 仔细考虑，思考；反省；回想，回顾；怀疑
reflect upon vt. 考虑（回想；回顾）
重点词汇
17. nasty adj. 不友好的；令人不愉快的
The guards looked really nasty.
那些警卫看上去真可恶。
He had a temper and could be nasty.
他脾气暴躁，会令人讨厌。
重点词汇
ment n. 议论；评论
He made his comments at a news conference in Amsterdam.
他在阿姆斯特丹的一次记者招待会上做了评论。
There's been no comment so far from police about the allegations.
到目前为止还没有来自警方的对那些指控的任何解释。
no comment 无可奉告！
【拓展】
comment v. 评论（~ on sth）; 解释
So far, Mr. Cook has not commented on these reports.
到目前为止，库克先生还未对这些报告进行过评论。
You really can't comment until you know the facts.
你的确不能在你知道事实之前进行评论。
One student commented that she preferred literature to social science.
一位学生解释说，较之于社会科学她更喜欢文学。
重点词汇
19. glance n. 匆匆一看；一瞥
One could tell at a glance that she was a compassionate person.
一眼就能看出她是一个富有同情心的人。
Trevor and I exchanged a glance.
特雷弗和我相互瞥了一眼。
【拓展】
glance v. 浏览；瞥
He glanced at his watch.
他瞥了一下手表。
【词组短语】
at a glance 一瞥；看一眼
glance at 看一下，浏览；提到，影射
at first glance 乍一看，初看；第一眼就……
glance over 浏览；简略阅读
glance through 浏览
重点词汇
20. behaviour n. 行为；举止
Make sure that good behaviour is rewarded.
确保良好的行为受到嘉奖。
I can't forgive that type of behaviour.
我不能宽恕那种行为。
【拓展】
behave /b he v/ v.
1) 行为; 表现
I couldn't believe these people were behaving in this way.
我无法相信这些人竟这样行事。
2) 使…规矩; 规矩地行事
You have to behave.
你得守规矩。
重点词汇
21. shortage n. 不足；缺少
They face a desperate shortage of clean water.
他们面临无污染水源的严重短缺。
【词组短语】
water shortage 缺水；水量不足；枯水
shortage of water resources 水资源短缺
food shortage 粮食短缺
power shortage 电力短缺
fund shortage 资金不足， 资金短缺
shortage of capital 资金短缺
material shortage 材料紧缺
housing shortage 房荒；住房紧张；住宅不足
labor shortage 劳力短缺，劳动力短缺
manpower shortage 劳动力短缺
shortage of fresh water 淡水短缺；淡水资源短缺
shortage of manpower 劳动力短缺；缺乏劳力
重点词汇
22. genuine / d enju n/ adj. 真诚的；真心的；可依赖的
If this offer is genuine, I will gladly accept it.
如果这份帮助是真诚的，我将愉快地接受它。
Only genuine refugees can apply for tents.
只有真正的难民才能申请帐篷。
重点词汇
23. tempt v.引诱；诱惑
It is the fresh fruit that tempts me at this time of year.
只有新鲜的水果才会在每年的这个时候吸引我。
Cars like that may tempt drivers to speed.
那样的汽车可能会引诱司机超速行驶
【固定搭配】
tempt sb. to do sth. 引诱某人去做某事。
词转：
temptation n. 诱惑
重点词汇
24. limitation n. 起限制作用的规则(或事实、条件)；不足 之处
All the talk had been about the limitation of nuclear weapons.
整个会谈都是关于核武器的限制。
【词组短语】
time limitation 时间限制
limitation of liability 责任范围
space limitation 空间限制
limitation period 时效期
【拓展】
limit v. 限制
The protests were not limited to New York.
抗议活动并不仅限于纽约。
Efforts were made to limit the sale of alcohol.
做出努力来限制酒的销售。
be limited to…局限于…
重点词汇
25. gymnastics n.体操；体操训练
China made a clean sweep of the medals in the gymnastics events.
中国队在体操比赛中包揽了所有的奖牌。
gym n. 体育馆
重点词汇
26. tip n. 尖端；小费；实用的提示
The sleeves covered his hands to the tips of his fingers.
衣袖遮住了他的手，一直盖到他的手指尖。
It shows how to prepare a resume, and gives tips on applying for jobs.
它说明了如何准备一份简历，并提了一些有关求职的建议。
I gave the barber a tip.
我给了理发师小费。
【拓展】
tip v. 倾倒
Tip the vegetables into a bowl.
把这些蔬菜倒进一个碗里。
tip n. 建议
Thank you for your tips.
重点词汇
27. regular adj. 有规律的；定时的
We're going to be meeting there on a regular basis.
我们将定期在那里见面。
【常见短语】
1)on a regular basis 定期地；经常地 2)regular pattern 正规图样，正常模式
3)regular meeting 例会
4)regular exercise 常规性的锻炼；经常操练，按时训练
5)at regular intervals 每隔一定时间（距离）
6)regular season 常规赛；季赛 7)regular expression 正则表达式；8)regular work 固定工作 9)regular practice 习惯做法
10)regular price 正常价格 11)regular service 定期航行；定期服务；
12)regular customer 常客；老主顾 13)regular inspection 定期检查
14)regular bus 班车 15)regular army 正规军；常备军
16)regular school 正规学校 17)regular staff 正式职工
重点词汇
28. concentrate v. 集中(注意力)；聚精会神；集中于
It was up to him to concentrate on his studies and make something of himself.
他能否专心学习并有所成就取决于他自己。
At work you need to be able to concentrate.
工作时你要能专心。
Italy's industrial districts are concentrated in its north-central and northeastern regions.
意大利的工业区集中在该国中北部和东北部地区。
【搭配】
concentrate on 集中精力于；全神贯注于
重点词汇
29. concern n.(对人、组织等)重要的事情
The technical aspects were the concern of the Army.
技术方面是军方负责的事。
【拓展】
1）n, 担忧
The move follows growing public concern over the spread of the disease.
该行动是针对公众日益增长的对该疾病传播的担忧而采取的。
2). vt. 使担忧
The growing number of people seeking refuge in Thailand is beginning to concern Western aid agencies.
日益增多的到泰国寻求避难的人数开始让西方援助机构感到担忧。
3). vt. If you concern yourself with something, you give it attention because you think that it is important. 关心
I didn't concern myself with politics.
我不关心政治
重点词汇
30. puzzled adj.困惑的，迷惑不解的
Critics remain puzzled by the election results.
评论家们对选举结果仍感到困惑。
核心词组
1. (be) related to 相关的；有联系的
Success of a man is directly related to the choice made by himself.
一个人的成功与他自己的选择直接相关。
2. make sure 确保；设法保证
Make sure you inspect the goods before signing for them.
要确保在签收货物之前进行检验。
3. science fiction科幻小说(或影片等) 。
4. hand in 提交，上交(尤指书面材料或失物)
Time's up. Stop writing and hand in your papers.
时间到了。不要再写了，把试卷交上来。
5. turn out 结果是；证明是；原来是
Things will turn out right.
情况会好起来的。
6. under pressure 承受着(急于完成某事的)压力
Under pressure from the public, many regional governments cleaned up their beaches.
迫于公众的压力，许多地区政府治理了海滩污染。
核心词组
7. hold hack 妨碍进展
The police had to use force to hold back the crowd.
警察不得不用武力阻止人群。
8. take part in参与某事
You can take part in multiplayer games either on a LAN network or via the Internet.
你可以上局域网或者国际互联网参加多人游戏。
9. concentrate on集中(注意力)；聚精会神
He is leaving the band to concentrate on his writing.
他要离开乐队去专职写作。
【课堂练习】
I. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the box below. Change the form where necessary.
1. I finished my ____________ just under the deadline.
我恰好在最后期限之前完成了我的指派任务.
2. The minister refused to ____________ publicly on these claims.
部长拒绝公开评论这些要求.
3. We were angry at their bad ____________ .
我们被他们的恶劣行为激怒了.
4. We thought it was a ____________ antique(古董), but it turned out to be a fake.
我们以为这是真古董, 结果只是一件赝品.
5. His voice was ____________ and unmusical.
他的声音刺耳难听。
comment assign genuine harsh reflect concentrate
tempt sort concern behaviour nasty

assignment
comment
behaviour
genuine
harsh
【课堂练习】
I. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the box below. Change the form where necessary.
6. I often ____________ on my schooldays.
我经常回忆起我上学的日子
7. You should ____________ on your work.
你应该专心于你的工作.
8. He is a person with a ____________ mind.
他是个思想肮脏的人.
9. It's very kind of you to show so much ____________ for us.
谢谢您对我们这么关心.
10. We need to ____________ the garbage out before the truck comes.
我们需要在垃圾车来前就做好垃圾分类.
comment assign genuine harsh reflect concentrate
tempt sort concern behaviour nasty

reflect
concentrate
nasty
concern
sort
【课堂练习】
II. Translation.
1. 令人难以置信，那家银行在光天化日之下遭到抢劫。(incredible, rob, broad daylight).
2. 那小女孩真是被惯得不像话，父母对她百依百顺。(spoil, whatever she asks for)
3. 老师在毕业典礼上的一席话使学生们受益匪浅。(benefit)
4. 他梦想有朝一日能亲眼看到海上日出。(dream)
5.阅读习惯因人而异。(vary)
6. 他们两兴趣相投，但思维方式却大相径庭。(differ)
It is incredible that the bank was robbed in broad daylight.
The little girl is terribly spoiled by her parents and they always give her whatever she asks for.
What the teachers said at the graduating ceremony benefited the students a lot.
He dreams of seeing the sun rising above the sea with his own eyes some day.
Reading habits vary from person to person.
They share the same interest but totally differ in ways of thinking.
【课堂练习】
7. 缺乏合作使他们错失良机。(cooperation, cost)
8. 他忍受不了与喋喋不休的人合作。(stand,never stop chatting)
9. 是向老师承认错误还是掩盖事实，他举棋不定。(decision)
10.那家鞋店声称所有鞋子降价60%， 然而顾客仍然寥寥无几。（claim）
Lack of cooperation cost them a good opportunity.
He can’t stand cooperating with those who never stop chatting.
He can’t make a decision whether to admit his mistakes to his teacher or to hide the facts.
That shoe store claimed that the prices of all the shoes had been reduced by 60%, but there were still few customers.
【随堂测试】
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Almost every kid has, at one time or another, eaten a Hershey chocolate bar. But did you know that the founder of the chocolate empire, Milton Hershey, ____1______ (taste) lots of failure before he ever enjoyed the flavor of success
In 1872 at age 14, Milton took a job at Royer’s Ice Cream Parlor in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Milton took what he learned from Mr. Royer’s shop and set off at age 19 for Philadelphia, ____2____ he started his first company, Spring Garden Confectionary Works. He loved to experiment with candy recipes and soon came up ____3____ a soft, chewy caramel (焦糖) that proved to be a big hit.
Things went well for the company for a while, but Milton increasingly found it hard ____4____ (struggle) with emerging competition. In the year he turned 24, the Spring Garden Confectionary Works went bankrupt. If failure is the best teacher, young Milton Hershey ____5____ argue that he had earned a doctorate (博士学位).
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【随堂测试】
His next stop was Denver, followed by Chicago and New York. However, his businesses in these cities all ended up in bankruptcy. Some people in the same situation might have given up, changed professions, or simply found a job working for somebody else. Not Milton Hershey. He went back to Lancaster and prepared to give it one more try by ____6____ (form) a new enterprise — the Lancaster Caramel Company.
This time, Milton got it right. Having learned much from his ____7____ (early) mistakes, Milton and his new company developed quickly. He became a ____8____ (respect) businessman, employing hundreds of people by the time the Columbian Exposition in Chicago was held in 1893.
____9____ the Exposition closed, Milton arranged to buy the entire exhibit, factory and all. He had made his money in caramels but decided that the future was in chocolate.
Milton was never concerned about bankruptcy again. He died in 1945 at the age of 86, beloved by chocolate lovers around the world. He was to chocolate _____10_____ Henry Ford was to automobiles and Steve Jobs was to computers. He revolutionized a luxury for the few into a treat for the masses.
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