中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands.
Unit10 话题 风俗礼仪
词汇 1.custom n. 风俗2.Brazil n. 巴西Brazilian n. 巴西的；巴西人3.greet v. 和…打招呼;迎接4.Mexico n. 墨西哥Mexican n. 墨西哥的；墨西哥人5.relaxed adj.放松的;自在的relaxing adj. 令人放松的relax v. 使放松；休息6.unexpected adj 出乎意料的expectation n. 期待；期望7.value v.重视;珍视n.价值valuable adj. 贵重的；宝贵的；有用的8.capital n.首都;国都9.mad adj.很生气;疯的(madder - maddest)madness n. 疯狂，愚蠢的行为10.passport n.护照11.tie v. 捆绑；系 n. 领带12.blackboard n.黑板13.coast n.海岸;海滨 14.season n.季;季节 15.northern adj.北方的；北部的16.southern adj.南方的；南部的17.knock v.敲;击n.敲击声;敲击18.worth adj.值得;...价值(的) 19.manner n.方式;方法(pl)礼貌;礼仪20.empty adj.空的;空洞21.basic adj.基本的;基础的base n. 基础；底部v. 以…为基础22.host n. 主人；主持人23.summarize v. 总结summary n. 总结24.teenage adj.十几岁的;青少年的teenager n. 青少年25.granddaughter n. (外)孙女26.behave v.表现;举止behavior n. 行为8.except prep.除...之外conj.除了;只是27.elbow n.肘;胳膊10.gradually adv.逐步地;渐进地gradual adj. 逐步的;渐进的28.plate n. 盘子
短语 be supposed to do 应该做…be expected to do 应该做/被期望做…shake hands with 和…握手bow to sb. 向…鞠躬greet sb. in the wrong way 以错误的方式问候某人as soon as…一…就…as soon as possible/ sb can/could 尽可能快hold out （my hand）伸出（我的手）kiss sb. on both sides of one’s faces 亲某人的双颊to my surprise/joy/excitement令某人惊讶、开心、兴奋的是be relaxed about 对…随意、放松in our everyday lives 在我们的日常生活中drop by… 顺便拜访，随便进入drop in (on sb./at sp.)顺便拜访(某人/地)…the capital of clocks and watches 钟表之都at noon 在中午get/be mad at… 对…生气/气愤get/be mad about… 对…着迷make an effort( to do sth.) 努力做某事avoid heavy traffic 避免交通拥挤without calling first 没有事先打电话go abroad出国 abroad and at home 在国内外the northern coast of Norway 挪威的北海岸during the winter season 在冬季knock at/on 敲（门，窗…）take off 脱下，起飞be worth the trouble 值得费事be worth doing 值得做…in social situations 在社交场合wear a shirt and tie 穿西装打领带after all 毕竟clean the chalk off 擦掉粉笔灰It’s no big deal.没什么大不了 mind your manners 注意你的礼仪stick to your dream坚持梦想stick…into… 把…插进…start eating first 先吃33.hit an empty bowl 敲空碗34.point at 指着，point to（侧重方向）35.at the table 在餐桌旁at table 在吃饭at work 在上班36.basic table manners 基本的餐桌礼仪37.be based on…基于…/在…基础上38.host family 寄宿家庭39.on my student exchange program 在我的交换生项目中40.the biggest challenge 最大的挑战41.There is no reason to do sth.没有理由做某事42. go out of one’s way (to do sth.)特地的做…,格外努力地做…43.make sb. feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归44.a teenage granddaughter 一个十几岁的（外）孙女45.be comfortable doin= feel good about doing舒服、轻松、自在地做某事46.worry sb使某人担忧worry about…担心，忧虑…be worried about…担心，忧虑…47.behave well/badly/politely/properly 举止得体/糟糕/礼貌/恰当behave oneself 举止规矩48.cut it up and eat it with a fork 把他切开用叉子吃49.put your elbows on the table把肘部放在桌子上50.gradually get used to (doing)… 逐渐习惯于做某事51.have a safe trip 一路平安52.show up出席、露面、到场53.a fine-dining restaurant 一个高级餐厅54.in my culture 在我的文化里
句型 1. You are supposed to shake hands.你应该握手。2.In your country, what are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time 在你们国家,你与某人初次见面时,你应该做些什么 3.I met a Japanese boy called Sato, and as soon as I held out my hand, he bowed.我遇到了一个名叫佐藤的日本男孩,我一伸出手他就鞠躬了。4.So I just stood there with my hand out. 所以我就伸着手站在那里。5.Where I’m from, we’re pretty relaxed about time.在我的家乡，我们对时间的要求相当宽松。6. We value the time we spend with our family …我们珍惜与家人在一起的时间…7.We often just drop by our friends’ home if we have time. 如果有时间，我们会经常到朋友家拜访。8. If you’re even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad.如果你迟到15分钟，你的朋友可能会生气。9. So I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends.因此当我去见朋友的时候我努力做到准时。10. After class, students are supposed to clean the chalk off the blackboard. 下课后，学生们 应该把黑板上的粉笔字擦掉。 11.In many eastern European countries, you are supposed to take off your gloves before shaking hands.在许多东欧国家,握手前你应该先脱下手套。12. ... but it is helpful to learn as many of these customs as possible. …但是尽可能多地学习这些文化风俗是有帮助的。13. ... but it is worth the trouble if you want to understand another culture. …但是如果你想了解另一种文化，再麻烦也是值得的。14. In China, it’s impolite to use your chopsticks to hit an empty bowl. 在中国，用筷子敲打空碗是不礼貌的。15.They go out of their way to make me feel at home. 他们尽力使我感到宾至如归。16. As you can imagine, things are very different from the way they are at home.正如你所能想象的，事情与在家里的情况大不相同。17. Another example is that you’re not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread, not even fruit. 另一个例子是除了面包外，你不应该用手拿着吃任何东西，甚至水果也不能。18. I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to it.我发现很难记住所有的东西，但我逐渐习惯了。
语法 动词不定式；
写作 风俗礼仪
考点1 suppose的用法
【教材原句】 You are supposed to shake hands.你应该握手。
【句型剖析】（1）动词suppose意为“猜想、假设”，suppose后接that从句，that可以省略。例如：
I suppose he is not yet twenty. 我猜想他不到二十岁。
（2）be supposed to后面用动词原形，表示“被期望做某事、应该做某事”，相当于情态动词should。
例如：You are supposed to say hello to the foreigners. 你应该跟这些外宾打招呼。
【句型拓展】（1）当句子的主语是人的时候，be supposed to表示“应该做某事、被期望做某事”，经常用来表示劝告、建议、义务和责任等。这里be supposed to相当于情态动词should。例如：
You are supposed to ask our teacher if you want to leave the classroom.
如果你要离开教室，应该先问一问我们的老师。
（2）当句子的主语是物的时候，be supposed to表示“本应该”的意思，经常用来表示某事物本应该发生而没有发生。
The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we have to put it off.
这个会议本应该在星期二举行，但我们不得不把他推迟了。
（3）短语be supposed to do sth.的否定形式是be not supposed to do sth，表示“命令和禁止”，意为“不应该做某事”。
You are not supposed to talk loudly in class.你不应该在课堂上大声交谈。
（4）be supposed to的后面接have+过去分词，表示“本应该做完的事情而没有做完”。
My mother is supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 我的妈妈应该一个小时前就到了。
【经典练】
Drivers ________ consider ________ more electric cars instead of fuel cars.
A．are suppose to; using B．should; to use
C．are supposed to; using D．should; used
【写作佳句】
We are supposed to use both sides of paper.
考点2.for the first time的用法
【教材原句】In your country, what are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time 在你们国家,你与某人初次见面时,你应该做些什么
【句型剖析】for the first time意为“第一次(做某事)”,在句中常作时间状语,它修饰的谓语常用现在完成时,也可以用一般过去时。
I have been here for the first time.我是第一次到这里。
I met him for the first time.我第一次见到了他。
【拓展】 for the last time最后一次
【比较】 the first time是名词短语,后接一个分句时,the first time相当于连词,引导时间状语从句,相当于as soon as。如:
This is the first time I've been here.这是我第一次到这儿。
The first time I saw you, I felt I seemed to have met you somewhere before.当我第一次见到你时,我感觉似乎以前在哪里见过你。
【拓展】由time构成的其他短语:
in time及时 on time准时
at times / from time to time有时;偶尔 by the time ..到 时候;到 之前
all the time总是;一直
【经典练】
We have been good friends ________ we met each other for the first time.
A．until B．before C．though D．since
【写作佳句】
At last, I finished my homework by myself for the first time.
考点 3.as soon as的用法
【教材原句】I met a Japanese boy called Sato, and as soon as I held out my hand, he bowed.我遇到了一个名叫佐藤的日本男孩,我一伸出手他就鞠躬了。
【句型剖析】as soon as意为“一......就......”常用来引导时间状语从句。当主句是一般过去时的时候,从句也用一般过去时。
【拓展】在含有as soon as引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,若主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词,从句要用一般现在时表将来。
Ill call you as soon as I arrive home.我一到家就会给你打电话。
Please call me as soon as he comes back.他一回来就请给我打电话。
You can watch TV as soon as you finish your homework.
你一完成作业就可以看电视了。
【经典练】
The song reminds me of those unforgettable days as soon as it ______.
A．is played B．plays C．will be played D．will play
【写作佳句】
As soon as you found my problem, you had a talk with me about how to learn English well.
考点4. with my hand out的用法
【教材原句】So I just stood there with my hand out. 所以我就伸着手站在那里。
【句型剖析】with my hand out意为“伸出我的手”。“with+名词+副词形容词”是介词with的常见复合结构,在句中作伴随状语。
She was sleeping, with the television on.她睡着了,电视机开着。
【拓展】 with还可用于以下结构:
with+名词+介词(短语)
Jim came back with a letter in his hand.吉姆手里拿着一封信回来了。
with+名词+不定式短语
With so much housework to do, she can't go to the party.
有这么多的家务活要做,她不能去参加聚会。
with+名词+现在分词(短语)
I can't get to sleep with all this noise going on.这么吵,我睡不着。
with+名词+过去分词(短语)
With her homework finished, she went out to play.
完成了家庭作业后,她便出去玩了。
"with+名词短语”,在句中作定语,位于所修饰的名词之后
She is a girl with long hair. 她是个长头发的女孩。
【经典练】
Mr. Smith is sleeping in the room with the door ________.
A．closed B．close C．closing D．to close
考点5.value的用法
【教材原句】We value the time we spend with our family …我们珍惜与家人在一起的时间…
【句型剖析】（1）value 作动词，表示“看重，重视”。例如：
If they value these data, let them pay for them.
他们要是看重这些数据，就让他们出钱买。
If you value your health then you’ll start being a little kinder to yourself.
如果你重视自己的健康，你就要开始对自己好一点。
（2）value 作及物动词，表示“评价，估价”。后接名词或代词作宾语，当宾语后接具体价格时，常用介词at。例如：
I valued the bike at 200 yuan. 我估计这辆自行车值200元。
The used car has recently been valued at 3750 pounds.
这辆二手车作价为3750英镑。
【拓展】
（1）value 用作名词，基本意思是“价值，价格”，引申还可表示“用处，益处，重要性”。例如：
Because of continual price increases, the value of the pound has fallen in recent years.
近年来由于物价不断上涨，英镑贬值了。
The value of this work experience should not be underestimated.
这种工作经验的重要性不应该被低估。
（2）value常用于of value to sb. 结构，表示“对某人有……价值”。例如：
Good books are of great value to students. 好书对学生非常有用。
【经典练】
I felt ____________ necessary to accept his advice at that time because it was of great ____________.
A．it’s; valuable B．it; value C．that’s; value D．that; valuable
考点6.条件状语从句
【教材原句】 If you’re even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad.如果你迟到15分钟，你的朋友可能会生气。
【句型剖析】这是含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句，if译为“如果”。条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来，要注意if条件句的时态搭配：
（1）if从句用一般现在时 ( http: / / www. / s wd=%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%B6&hl_tag=textlink&tn=SE_hldp01350_v6v6zkg6" \t "_blank )，主句用一般将来时 ( http: / / www. / s wd=%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E5%B0%86%E6%9D%A5%E6%97%B6&hl_tag=textlink&tn=SE_hldp01350_v6v6zkg6" \t "_blank )。例如：
The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。
If the rain doesn’t stop, we will stay here.
如果这场雨不停的话，我们就呆在这儿。
（2）if从句用一般现在时 ( http: / / www. / s wd=%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%B6&hl_tag=textlink&tn=SE_hldp01350_v6v6zkg6" \t "_blank )，主句用情态动词。例如：
If you want to lose weight, you should eat less bread.
如果想减肥，你应该少吃面包.
（3）if从句用一般现在时，主句用祈使句。例如：
If you want to get there on time, hurry up!
如果你想准时到达那里，要快一点。
【经典练】
If he ________ tomorrow, I’ll tell him about it. But I don’t know if he ________.
A．will come, will come B．will come, comes
C．comes, comes D．comes, will come
【写作佳句】
I told him that he should tell me if he wanted to read the magazine.
考点7.make an effort to do sth的用法
【教材原句】So I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends.因此当我去见朋友的时候我努力做到准时。
【句型剖析】make an effort to do sth. 意为“努力去做某事”
You should make an effort to learn something new every day. 你应该每天努力去学一点新东西。
【拓展】 与effort相关的常用短语:
make every effort to do sth.努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事
beyond effort力所不能及
in a common effort共同努力
without effort毫不费力地;轻松地
make no effort 不努力
with (an) effort艰难地
【经典练】
Although it is a difficult task, we should make an effort ________ it on time.
A．complete B．completing C．to complete D．to completing
考点8.clean ... off的用法
【教材原句】After class, students are supposed to clean the chalk off the blackboard. 下课后，学生们 应该把黑板上的粉笔字擦掉。
【句型剖析】clean ... off 意为“把… 擦掉”
Please clean the drops of water off the mirror. 请把镜子上的水滴擦掉。
拓展: clean up 意为“打扫干净”。
After class, the students cleaned up the classroom. 下课后，学生们清扫了教室。
【经典练】
The classroom is very dirty. Please clean ________.
A．up it B．it up C．them up
考点9. take off的用法
【教材原句】In many eastern European countries, you are supposed to take off your gloves before shaking hands.在许多东欧国家,握手前你应该先脱下手套。
【句型剖析】take off在该句中表示“脱下”,其反义短语为put on(穿上)。
It's too cold. You shouldn't take off your coat. Put it on quickly.
太冷了。你不应该脱掉外套。快点穿上。
【拓展】take off还可表示“(飞机等)起飞”,此时其反义短语为land on降落;着陆)。
The plane will take off soon.飞机马上就要起飞了。
【经典练】
—Hurry up! The plane ______ in an hour.
—Don’t worry. I will drive you to the airport immediately.
A．will take off B．took off C．has taken off D．was taking off
考点10.worth的用法
【教材原句】 but it is worth the trouble if you want to understand another culture. ......但是如果你想了解另一种文化,麻烦一点也值得。
【句型剖析】worth为形容词,意为“值得;有. 价值(的)”,一般作表语，后面通常跟v-ing形式或表示金钱的名词。其用法如下:
①“be worth doing”意为“值得做”,句子的主语一般是do的宾语。
The place is worth visiting.这个地方值得参观。
②“be worth+钱”意为“值多少钱”。
The picture is worth $ 30.这幅画值30美元。
③“be worth+名词”意为“值得
I don't think it's worth our work.我觉得这件事不值得我们付出劳动。
【拓展】worth前面可用well、 really hardly、easily等词修饰,但不可以用very修饰。表示“很值得”时,应说well worth,而不说very worth。
The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。
【经典练】
I seldom doubt ____________ it is worth ____________ so much time on my hobbies.
A．that; to spend B．whether; to spend C．that; spending D．whether; spending
考点11. empty的用法
【教材原句】In China, it’s impolite to use your chopsticks to hit an empty bowl. 在中国，用筷子敲打空碗是不礼貌的。
【句型剖析】empty此处用作形容词，意为“空的”，在句中可用作表语或定语，其反义词是full（满的）。
e.g. There is an empty box in the the middle of the room. 在房间的中央有一个空箱子。
拓展：empty也可用作动词，意为“倒空”；其反义词为fill（装满）。
Please empty the cup. 请把杯子倒空。
【经典练】
I’ve kept ________ empty bottle all the time because it’s ________ unusual one for me.
A．a; an B．the; an C．an; the D．the; the
考点12.go out of one’s way to do sth和make的用法
【教材原句】They go out of their way to make me feel at home. 他们尽力使我感到宾至如归。
【句型剖析】go out of one’s way to do sth. 意为“特地（不怕麻烦地）做某事”。
He went out of his way to help me. 他竭力帮助我。
【句型剖析】make sb. feel at home 意为“使某人感到宾至如归”
Do you know how to make every guest feel at home 你知道如何使每位客人都感到宾至如归吗？
【经典练】
— Every one of your classmates tries their best to learn English. I think if you don’t, you’ll be ________.
— I will ________ to catch up with them.
A．run out; make my way B．laid out; get in the way C．left out; go out of my way
考点13.imagine的用法
【教材原句】As you can imagine, things are very different from the way they are at home.正如你所能想象的，事情与在家里的情况大不相同。
【句型剖析】imagine是动词，意为“想象，推测”，后面可接名词、代词、宾语从句、复合宾语，常用于结构：imagine doing sth. 想象做某事。例如：
We can’t imagine what China will be like in the future.
我们无法想象将来中国是什么样子。
I can’t imagine leaving all my friends.
我无法想象离开我所有的朋友。
No one can imagine what would happen next.
没有人能想象出下一步会发生什么。
【经典练】
—Can you imagine ________ chess with AI Robots
—That must be very exciting.
A．playing B．to playing C．played D．to play
【写作佳句】
As you can imagine, nothing makes me prouder than feeling my progress in English.
考点14.except的用法
【教材原句】Another example is that you’re not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread, not even fruit. 另一个例子是除了面包外，你不应该用手拿着吃任何东西，甚至水果也不能。
【句型剖析】except 介词，意为“除……之外”
We all went to the old people’s home except John. 除了约翰没去敬老院之外，我们都去了。
辨析：except与besides
except表示“除……之外（不再有）”，指从整体中排除except所接的人或物。
All the students went to the zoo except Jim. 除了吉姆，所有的学生都去动物园了。
besides表示“除……之外（还有）”，它的意思是在原有的基础上加上besides除外的人或物。
I have a few good friends besides you. 除了你之外，我还有几个好朋友。
【经典练】
— Did you study any other languages ________ English when you were at college
— Yes, I studied three. But I have forgotten all ________ a few words of each.
A．besides, besides B．besides, except C．except, except D．except, besides
考点15. get used to和it做形式宾语的用法
【教材原句】 I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to it.我发现很难记住所有的东西，但我逐渐习惯了。
【句型剖析】动词短语get used to表示“渐渐习惯……”，后接名词、代词作宾语。与同义短语“be used to”略有不同。get used to强调的是由“不习惯”到“习惯”的这个过程，而“be used to”所强调的只是“习惯了”这个状态。例如：
The food here is not so tasty but you will get used to that.
这里的伙食不怎么样，但你会慢慢习惯的。
The food here is not so tasty but he is used to that.
这里的伙食不怎么样，但是他已经习惯了。
He is used to getting up early. 他习惯了早起。
【句型剖析】当不定式用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式短语”。例如：
I find it difficult to do the job well.
我发现做好这个工作不容易。
I find it easy to get on with her.
我发现她很容易相处。
【拓展】当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。例如：
It’s a pity to refuse. 拒绝是令人遗憾的。
It’s no use saying any more about it. 再谈这事没有用。
It’s not known where she went. 她到哪里去了没人知道。
【注意】It is said / reported / believed / understood that… 这类结构中的 it 也是形式主语。
It’s reported that two people were injured in the accident.
据报道这次事故中有两人受伤。
【经典练】
I used to ________ my dreams. But now I get used to ________ doing everything. I think I’ll succeed one day.
A．giving up; keep B．giving up; keeping C．give up; keeping
一．语法精讲——动词不定式
动词不定式
知识点01 动词不定式作主语
【语法详解】定义：动词不定式，由“to+动词原形”构成，为非谓语动词结构，可以用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语等成分。
动词不定式作主语
（1）动词不定式用作主语时一般置于句首，其谓语动词用单数形式。
如：To see is to believe（百闻不如一见）;
To lean out of the window is dangerous（身子探出窗外很危险）;
To learn English well is very important for students（学好英语对于学生来说至关重要。）
（2）以it置于句首为形式主语，其后所接的动词不定式为真正的逻辑主语。
如：It's our duty to take good care of the old（照顾老人是我们的责任）;
It's very interesting to swim in summer（夏天游泳很有趣）;
It is a bit difficult to finish the task in three days（三天内完成这项任务有点难度的）;
It is very convenient to use mobile phones for self-study（用手机自学很方便）;
It’s kind of you to think so much of us（你如此为我们着想，你真是太好了）;
It takes me twenty minutes to walk from my home to the school. （从我家走到学校得20分钟.）
（3）when， what， how， where等疑问词后接不定式置于句首时，常用作主语。
如： Where to go is still being discussed （去哪里还在讨论中）;
How to solve it is still a problem（怎么解决它仍是个问题）;
When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided. （什么时候开会还没有定下来。）
知识点02 动词不定式作宾语
【语法详解】动词不定式作宾语
（1）在英语中，hope， learn， agree， refuse， start， afford， promise， afford， hate， decide等及物动词后可以跟不定式作宾语。如：
I hope to become an excellent doctor.（我希望成为一名出色的医生）;
She promised to guard this secret.（她答应保守这个秘密）;
We can't afford to go abroad this year.（今年我们负担不起出国的费用）;
She offered to give us a lift.（她主动邀请我们搭车）;
They decided to go to the countryside on vacation. （他们决定去农村度假。）
（2）tell， learn， know， show， decide， forget， ，wonder， explain， consider， remember ，find out等动词或词组，其后可以用“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语。
如：Please tell us where to mail these letters.（请告诉我们在哪儿寄这些信）;
He will show us how to play the game.（他将给我们演示怎样玩这个游戏）;
We must find out what to do next.（我们一定得弄清楚下一步做什么 ）;
There are so many kinds of mobile phones on sale that I don’t know which to buy.（有这么多的手机在折价销售，我拿不定主意买哪一种。）
（3）在“feel/think/find/believe/make+it+形容词/名词+to do something”句型中，常用it 表示形式宾语，而动词不定式是真正的逻辑宾语。
如： feel it important to study hard.（我觉得努力学习很重要）;
I think it our duty to protect the environment.（我认为保护环境是我们的责任）;
She found it difficult to get along with that old woman（她发现那个老妇人很难相处）;
Some people believe it impolite to ask someone's age. （有些人认为询问他人年龄是不礼貌的）;
The Internet makes it easy to communicate with each other.（互联网使彼此之间的交流变得很容易。）
知识点03 动词不定式作状语
【语法详解】动词不定式作状语
（1）动词不定式用作目的状语，可以位于句首、句中，意思是“为了……”，具有突出和强调的作用，常用固定结构则有in order to do， so as to do等。
如： To catch the early bus， we got up at 5：00.（为了赶上早班车，我们5点钟就起床了）;
In order to earn enough money， he often works late into the night. （为了赚到足够的钱， 他经常工作到深夜。）
We went early so as to get good seats.（为了占到好座位，我们早早就去了。）
（2）动词不定式用作结果状语，常见结构有“too…to do（太……而不）”、“enough…to do（有足够…做……）” 、“only to do（结果却）” 、“so/such …as to do”（如此……以至于）等。
如：The box is too heavy for me to carry.（这个箱子太重了，我搬不动）;
He is old enough to finish it for himself.（他已经长大了，足以独立完成这件事了）;
We went to see her only to find her out.（我们去看她，结果却发现她出去了）;
She is so proud as to look down upon others. （她如此骄傲以至于看不起别人）;
（3）动词不定式用作原因状语，常用结构是“sb.+be+形容词+to do ”。
如：I’m glad to see you（我很高兴见到你）;
She was surprised to see the man（看到这个男子，她很吃惊）;
They were excited to hear the news.（听到这个消息他们很激动。）
总之，动词不定式用法看似简单，但易于出错。在平时的英语学习中，同学们要认真学习，熟练掌握其用法，并适当加强训练。
知识点04 “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”
【语法详解】1. “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的构成及用法。
动词不定式（to do）可以和疑问词what,which,who,whom,how,where,when等(why除外)连用，构成不定式短语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语的补语，状语，同位语等句子成分。
(1) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作主语。
Where to go is still a question. 到哪里去还是个问题。
(2) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。
I know where to find the boy. 我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。
(3) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作表语。
The question is how to learn English well.问题是怎样学好英语。
(4)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语补足语
I asked her how to learn English. 我问她如何学英语。
(5)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式” 作状语
She did not know what to do. 她不知如何是好。
(6)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作同位语
The question whether to go troubled the girl.
是否要去的问题使姑娘很烦恼。
2.常与“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构连用的词
常和“疑问词+动词不定式结构连用的动词及动词短语有：know, learn, see, hear, ask, tell, advise, decide, explain, find out, forget, remember, think, understand, wonder等。
(1)有些动词，如ask, tell, advise,show,teach 等，其后可跟双宾语。
Please tell me how to get there. 请告诉我怎么去那儿。
(2)有些疑问词后面可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。如：what,which,whose,how many,how much等。
She wondered how much money to spend on clothes.
(3) 在“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构前，有时也可以是如sure,clear等形容词。
I am not sure which way to take .
3. “特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构可以把复合句转为简单句。如：
I do not know what I should do.
= I do not know what to do.
【经典练】
1． healthy, you should eat more vegetables and less fast food.
A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．Kept
2．I don’t have a partner ________ practice English ________.
A．to...with B．to.../ C．for.../
3．It’s my first time _______ China. It’s so wonderful that I love it!
A．visit B．to visit C．visiting D．visited
4．Jack ________ his ID card this morning. He wants ________ it. Call him ________ 289-6578.
A．lose; find; for B．lost; found; at C．lost; to find; at D．lost; find; on
5．— Why is Nancy crying
— Because her mother forces her ________ her teeth twice a day.
A．brush B．brushing C．to brush D．brushed
6．—What should we do when we play in the park
—We should try our best ________ polluting the environment there.
A．to avoid B．avoiding C．avoid D．avoided
7．Danny always makes his friends ________.
A．laugh B．laughs C．laughing D．to laugh
8．Because of COVID-19 (新冠肺炎）in February, the government advised us ________ at home.
A．staying B．stay C．to stay D．went
9．—If you need my help, please let me know. I will do anything I can ________ you.
—No, thanks. I can do it all by myself.
A．to support B．support C．supporting D．supported
10．—Why are these teenagers trying ________ TV shows
—Because they are really bad for their study and health.
A．to watching B．to watch C．to not watch D．not to watch
二．写作精讲——谈论发明物的历史及用途
本单元话题是“风俗礼仪”，围绕这一话题谈论不同国家的礼仪，如见面礼仪、餐桌礼仪等，谈论在不同的场合应该做什么，了解不同国家的文化习俗。要求同学们能简单介绍不同国家人们见面时的礼仪习俗及日常生活中的习俗。最能体现本单元话题以及语言运用能力的作文为介绍不同国家风俗习惯的短文、书信或邮件等。
体裁：应用文(书信)；信的主体部分为说明文
时态：一般现在时
人称：回信主体内容是给别人提建议，所以应该以第二人称you为主。
见面礼仪：custom, meet, visit, should, be different from, shake hands, be (not) supposed to, be expected to, first,second.then, finally smile and say “nihao", not kiss or hug, ·introduce younger ones to older ones, introduce men to women
餐桌礼仪：start to eat until everyone is at the table, not start eating first if there are older people at the table, not stick your chopsticks into your food, lay your chopsticks on your plate or bowl, not point at anyone with your chopsticks,not make any noise when you eat your soup, not speak with your mouth full of food, not hit an empty bowl with your chopsticks, accept it when the host
待客与做客礼仪：serve some fruit, offer some tea, receive the gift / present with two hands, not open the gift / present until the guests leave, use serving chopsticks or spoons to give out food call first before visiting your friend, knock on the door before entering the room, not leave without saying goodbye, arrive on time, bring some gifts /presents, express your thanks to the hosts when you leave
“介绍风俗类”作文常用句型:
1. It's polite to...
2. It' s impolite / rude to ... ..
3. You should/shouldn't...
4. You' re (not) supposed to ...
5. You' re (not) expected to ...
6. It' s important to ...
7.Don't...
8.Never...
9. Remember (not) to ...
10. You' d better (not)...
11.One important thing is that …
12. Another example is that …
13. Also, … / What’s more, / besides, / for example, if, when, althouth, so…
“介绍风俗类”作文常用常用习语
When in Rome, do as Romans do.入乡随俗。
“After you” is good manners. “您先请”是礼貌。
Custom is the guide of the ignorant.习俗是无知者的向导。
Custom makes all things easy.若照习俗办，万事皆不难。
列提纲 写句子
中国礼仪习俗 吃饭时 1.it’s impolite to stick your chopsticks into your food. You’re supposed to lay them on your plate or bowl.把筷子插进食物里是不礼貌的。你应该把它们放在盘子或碗里。2.It’s polite to accept it when the host adds food to your plate or bowl. Don’t point at anyone with your chopsticks. Don’t make any noise when you eat your soup. 当主人把食物加到你的盘子或碗里时，接受是礼貌的。不要用筷子指着任何人。喝汤时不要发出任何声音。
在家 3.you’re supposed to speak to the old people politely. 你应该礼貌地和老人说话。4.When you greet the host and his other family members, you shouldn’t kiss or hug them.当你问候主人和其他家庭成员时，你不应该亲吻或拥抱他们。5.Instead, you’re supposed to shake hands with them. We usually do that. You should follow our customs.相反，你应该和他们握手。我们通常这样做。你应该遵守我们的习俗。
约他人外出 6.you should tell the host where you are going and who you are going with. It’s important to come back home by 10:00 p.m., or the host will worry about you. 你应该告诉主人你要去哪里，和谁一起去。晚上10点之前回家很重要，否则主人会担心你。
Dear Mark,
You must be excited about coming to China soon. Let me give you some suggestions and advice about Chinese customs. When you’re eating at the table, it’s impolite to stick your chopsticks into your food. You’re supposed to lay them on your plate or bowl. It’s polite to accept it when the host adds food to your plate or bowl. Don’t point at anyone with your chopsticks. Don’t make any noise when you eat your soup.
In our house, you’re supposed to speak to the old people politely. When you greet the host and his other family members, you shouldn’t kiss or hug them. Instead, you’re supposed to shake hands with them. We usually do that. You should follow our customs.
When you go out with people, you should tell the host where you are going and who you are going with. It’s important to come back home by 10:00 p.m., or the host will worry about you.
Have a safe trip, and I look forward to meeting you soon!
Best wishes,
Li Hua
亲爱的马克，
你一定很快就要来中国了。让我给你一些关于中国习俗的建议和建议。当你在餐桌上吃饭时，把筷子插入食物是不礼貌的。你应该把它们放在盘子或碗里。当主人把食物加到你的盘子或碗里时，接受是礼貌的。不要用筷子指着任何人。喝汤时不要发出任何声音。
在我们家里，你应该礼貌地和老人说话。当你问候主人和其他家庭成员时，你不应该亲吻或拥抱他们。相反，你应该和他们握手。我们通常这样做。你应该遵守我们的习俗。
当你和人出去时，你应该告诉主人你要去哪里，和谁一起去。晚上10点之前回家很重要，否则主人会担心你。
祝你一路平安，我期待着很快见到你！
最美好的祝福，
李华
Section A
重点单词
custom n. 风俗
Brazil n. 巴西
Brazilian n. 巴西的；巴西人
greet v. 和…打招呼;迎接
Mexico n. 墨西哥
Mexican n. 墨西哥的；墨西哥人
relaxed adj.放松的;自在的
relaxing adj. 令人放松的
relax v. 使放松；休息
unexpected adj 出乎意料的
expectation n. 期待；期望
value v.重视;珍视n.价值
valuable adj. 贵重的；宝贵的；有用的
capital n.首都;国都
mad adj.很生气;疯的(madder - maddest)
madness n. 疯狂，愚蠢的行为
passport n.护照
tie v. 捆绑；系 n. 领带
blackboard n.黑板
coast n.海岸;海滨
season n.季;季节
northern adj. 北方的；北部的
southern adj. 南方的；南部的
knock v.敲;击n.敲击声;敲击
worth adj.值得;...价值(的)
manner n.方式;方法(pl)礼貌;礼仪
二、重点短语
be supposed to do 应该做…
be expected to do 应该做/被期望做…
shake hands with 和…握手
bow to sb. 向…鞠躬
greet sb. in the wrong way 以错误的方式问候某人
as soon as…一…就…
as soon as possible/ sb can/could 尽可能快
hold out （my hand）伸出（我的手）
kiss sb. on both sides of one’s faces 亲某人的双颊
to my surprise/joy/excitement令某人惊讶、开心、兴奋的是
be relaxed about 对…随意、放松
in our everyday lives 在我们的日常生活中
drop by… 顺便拜访，随便进入
drop in (on sb./at sp.)顺便拜访(某人/地)…
the capital of clocks and watches 钟表之都
at noon 在中午
Section B
重点单词
empty adj.空的;空洞
basic adj.基本的;基础的
base n. 基础；底部v. 以…为基础
host n. 主人；主持人
summarize v. 总结
summary n. 总结
teenage adj.十几岁的;青少年的
teenager n. 青少年
granddaughter n. (外)孙女
behave v.表现;举止
behavior n. 行为
except prep.除...之外conj.除了;只是
elbow n.肘;胳膊
gradually adv.逐步地;渐进地
gradual adj. 逐步的;渐进的
plate n. 盘子
二．重点短语
1. mind your manners 注意你的礼仪
stick to your dream坚持梦想
stick…into… 把…插进…
start eating first 先吃
hit an empty bowl 敲空碗
point at 指着，point to（侧重方向）
at the table 在餐桌旁
at table 在吃饭
at work 在上班
basic table manners 基本的餐桌礼仪
be based on…基于…/在…基础上
host family 寄宿家庭
on my student exchange program
在我的交换生项目中
the biggest challenge 最大的挑战
There is no reason to do sth.
没有理由做某事
go out of one’s way (to do sth.)特地的做…,格外努力地做…
make sb. feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归
a teenage granddaughter 一个十几岁的（外）孙女
be comfortable doin
= feel good about doing
舒服、轻松、自在地做某事
worry sb使某人担忧
worry about…担心，忧虑…
be worried about…担心，忧虑…
behave well/badly/politely/properly
举止得体/糟糕/礼貌/恰当
behave oneself 举止规矩
cut it up and eat it with a fork
把他切开用叉子吃
put your elbows on the table
把肘部放在桌子上
gradually get used to (doing)… 逐渐习惯于做某事
have a safe trip 一路平安
show up出席、露面、到场
a fine-dining restaurant 一个高级餐厅
in my culture 在我的文化里
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Unit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands.
Unit10 话题 风俗礼仪
词汇 1.custom n. 风俗2.Brazil n. 巴西Brazilian n. 巴西的；巴西人3.greet v. 和…打招呼;迎接4.Mexico n. 墨西哥Mexican n. 墨西哥的；墨西哥人5.relaxed adj.放松的;自在的relaxing adj. 令人放松的relax v. 使放松；休息6.unexpected adj 出乎意料的expectation n. 期待；期望7.value v.重视;珍视n.价值valuable adj. 贵重的；宝贵的；有用的8.capital n.首都;国都9.mad adj.很生气;疯的(madder - maddest)madness n. 疯狂，愚蠢的行为10.passport n.护照11.tie v. 捆绑；系 n. 领带12.blackboard n.黑板13.coast n.海岸;海滨 14.season n.季;季节 15.northern adj.北方的；北部的16.southern adj.南方的；南部的17.knock v.敲;击n.敲击声;敲击18.worth adj.值得;...价值(的) 19.manner n.方式;方法(pl)礼貌;礼仪20.empty adj.空的;空洞21.basic adj.基本的;基础的base n. 基础；底部v. 以…为基础22.host n. 主人；主持人23.summarize v. 总结summary n. 总结24.teenage adj.十几岁的;青少年的teenager n. 青少年25.granddaughter n. (外)孙女26.behave v.表现;举止behavior n. 行为8.except prep.除...之外conj.除了;只是27.elbow n.肘;胳膊10.gradually adv.逐步地;渐进地gradual adj. 逐步的;渐进的28.plate n. 盘子
短语 be supposed to do 应该做…be expected to do 应该做/被期望做…shake hands with 和…握手bow to sb. 向…鞠躬greet sb. in the wrong way 以错误的方式问候某人as soon as…一…就…as soon as possible/ sb can/could 尽可能快hold out （my hand）伸出（我的手）kiss sb. on both sides of one’s faces 亲某人的双颊to my surprise/joy/excitement令某人惊讶、开心、兴奋的是be relaxed about 对…随意、放松in our everyday lives 在我们的日常生活中drop by… 顺便拜访，随便进入drop in (on sb./at sp.)顺便拜访(某人/地)…the capital of clocks and watches 钟表之都at noon 在中午get/be mad at… 对…生气/气愤get/be mad about… 对…着迷make an effort( to do sth.) 努力做某事avoid heavy traffic 避免交通拥挤without calling first 没有事先打电话go abroad出国 abroad and at home 在国内外the northern coast of Norway 挪威的北海岸during the winter season 在冬季knock at/on 敲（门，窗…）take off 脱下，起飞be worth the trouble 值得费事be worth doing 值得做…in social situations 在社交场合wear a shirt and tie 穿西装打领带after all 毕竟clean the chalk off 擦掉粉笔灰It’s no big deal.没什么大不了 mind your manners 注意你的礼仪stick to your dream坚持梦想stick…into… 把…插进…start eating first 先吃33.hit an empty bowl 敲空碗34.point at 指着，point to（侧重方向）35.at the table 在餐桌旁at table 在吃饭at work 在上班36.basic table manners 基本的餐桌礼仪37.be based on…基于…/在…基础上38.host family 寄宿家庭39.on my student exchange program 在我的交换生项目中40.the biggest challenge 最大的挑战41.There is no reason to do sth.没有理由做某事42. go out of one’s way (to do sth.)特地的做…,格外努力地做…43.make sb. feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归44.a teenage granddaughter 一个十几岁的（外）孙女45.be comfortable doin= feel good about doing舒服、轻松、自在地做某事46.worry sb使某人担忧worry about…担心，忧虑…be worried about…担心，忧虑…47.behave well/badly/politely/properly 举止得体/糟糕/礼貌/恰当behave oneself 举止规矩48.cut it up and eat it with a fork 把他切开用叉子吃49.put your elbows on the table把肘部放在桌子上50.gradually get used to (doing)… 逐渐习惯于做某事51.have a safe trip 一路平安52.show up出席、露面、到场53.a fine-dining restaurant 一个高级餐厅54.in my culture 在我的文化里
句型 1. You are supposed to shake hands.你应该握手。2.In your country, what are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time 在你们国家,你与某人初次见面时,你应该做些什么 3.I met a Japanese boy called Sato, and as soon as I held out my hand, he bowed.我遇到了一个名叫佐藤的日本男孩,我一伸出手他就鞠躬了。4.So I just stood there with my hand out. 所以我就伸着手站在那里。5.Where I’m from, we’re pretty relaxed about time.在我的家乡，我们对时间的要求相当宽松。6. We value the time we spend with our family …我们珍惜与家人在一起的时间…7.We often just drop by our friends’ home if we have time. 如果有时间，我们会经常到朋友家拜访。8. If you’re even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad.如果你迟到15分钟，你的朋友可能会生气。9. So I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends.因此当我去见朋友的时候我努力做到准时。10. After class, students are supposed to clean the chalk off the blackboard. 下课后，学生们 应该把黑板上的粉笔字擦掉。 11.In many eastern European countries, you are supposed to take off your gloves before shaking hands.在许多东欧国家,握手前你应该先脱下手套。12. ... but it is helpful to learn as many of these customs as possible. …但是尽可能多地学习这些文化风俗是有帮助的。13. ... but it is worth the trouble if you want to understand another culture. …但是如果你想了解另一种文化，再麻烦也是值得的。14. In China, it’s impolite to use your chopsticks to hit an empty bowl. 在中国，用筷子敲打空碗是不礼貌的。15.They go out of their way to make me feel at home. 他们尽力使我感到宾至如归。16. As you can imagine, things are very different from the way they are at home.正如你所能想象的，事情与在家里的情况大不相同。17. Another example is that you’re not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread, not even fruit. 另一个例子是除了面包外，你不应该用手拿着吃任何东西，甚至水果也不能。18. I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to it.我发现很难记住所有的东西，但我逐渐习惯了。
语法 动词不定式；
写作 风俗礼仪
考点1 suppose的用法
【教材原句】 You are supposed to shake hands.你应该握手。
【句型剖析】（1）动词suppose意为“猜想、假设”，suppose后接that从句，that可以省略。例如：
I suppose he is not yet twenty. 我猜想他不到二十岁。
（2）be supposed to后面用动词原形，表示“被期望做某事、应该做某事”，相当于情态动词should。
例如：You are supposed to say hello to the foreigners. 你应该跟这些外宾打招呼。
【句型拓展】（1）当句子的主语是人的时候，be supposed to表示“应该做某事、被期望做某事”，经常用来表示劝告、建议、义务和责任等。这里be supposed to相当于情态动词should。例如：
You are supposed to ask our teacher if you want to leave the classroom.
如果你要离开教室，应该先问一问我们的老师。
（2）当句子的主语是物的时候，be supposed to表示“本应该”的意思，经常用来表示某事物本应该发生而没有发生。
The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we have to put it off.
这个会议本应该在星期二举行，但我们不得不把他推迟了。
（3）短语be supposed to do sth.的否定形式是be not supposed to do sth，表示“命令和禁止”，意为“不应该做某事”。
You are not supposed to talk loudly in class.你不应该在课堂上大声交谈。
（4）be supposed to的后面接have+过去分词，表示“本应该做完的事情而没有做完”。
My mother is supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 我的妈妈应该一个小时前就到了。
【经典练】
Drivers ________ consider ________ more electric cars instead of fuel cars.
A．are suppose to; using B．should; to use
C．are supposed to; using D．should; used
【答案】C
【详解】句意：司机们应该考虑使用更多的电动汽车而不是燃油汽车。
考查be supposed to以及非谓语动词。should=be supposed to“应该”，排除A选项。consider doing sth“考虑做某事”，第二空应填动名词，故选C。
【写作佳句】
We are supposed to use both sides of paper.
考点2.for the first time的用法
【教材原句】In your country, what are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time 在你们国家,你与某人初次见面时,你应该做些什么
【句型剖析】for the first time意为“第一次(做某事)”,在句中常作时间状语,它修饰的谓语常用现在完成时,也可以用一般过去时。
I have been here for the first time.我是第一次到这里。
I met him for the first time.我第一次见到了他。
【拓展】 for the last time最后一次
【比较】 the first time是名词短语,后接一个分句时,the first time相当于连词,引导时间状语从句,相当于as soon as。如:
This is the first time I've been here.这是我第一次到这儿。
The first time I saw you, I felt I seemed to have met you somewhere before.当我第一次见到你时,我感觉似乎以前在哪里见过你。
【拓展】由time构成的其他短语:
in time及时 on time准时
at times / from time to time有时;偶尔 by the time ..到 时候;到 之前
all the time总是;一直
【经典练】
We have been good friends ________ we met each other for the first time.
A．until B．before C．though D．since
【答案】D
【详解】句意：自从我们第一次见面，我们就一直是好朋友。
考查连词辨析。until直到；before在之前；though虽然；since自从。根据“We have been good friends...we met each other for the first time.”可知，此处是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构。故选D。
【写作佳句】
At last, I finished my homework by myself for the first time.
考点 3.as soon as的用法
【教材原句】I met a Japanese boy called Sato, and as soon as I held out my hand, he bowed.我遇到了一个名叫佐藤的日本男孩,我一伸出手他就鞠躬了。
【句型剖析】as soon as意为“一......就......”常用来引导时间状语从句。当主句是一般过去时的时候,从句也用一般过去时。
【拓展】在含有as soon as引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,若主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词,从句要用一般现在时表将来。
Ill call you as soon as I arrive home.我一到家就会给你打电话。
Please call me as soon as he comes back.他一回来就请给我打电话。
You can watch TV as soon as you finish your homework.
你一完成作业就可以看电视了。
【经典练】
The song reminds me of those unforgettable days as soon as it ______.
A．is played B．plays C．will be played D．will play
【答案】A
【详解】句意：这首歌一播放就让我想起了那些难忘的日子。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“The song reminds me of those unforgettable days...”可知，句子要用一般现在时态；it与play之间是被动关系，即音乐被播放，故选A。
【写作佳句】
As soon as you found my problem, you had a talk with me about how to learn English well.
考点4. with my hand out的用法
【教材原句】So I just stood there with my hand out. 所以我就伸着手站在那里。
【句型剖析】with my hand out意为“伸出我的手”。“with+名词+副词形容词”是介词with的常见复合结构,在句中作伴随状语。
She was sleeping, with the television on.她睡着了,电视机开着。
【拓展】 with还可用于以下结构:
with+名词+介词(短语)
Jim came back with a letter in his hand.吉姆手里拿着一封信回来了。
with+名词+不定式短语
With so much housework to do, she can't go to the party.
有这么多的家务活要做,她不能去参加聚会。
with+名词+现在分词(短语)
I can't get to sleep with all this noise going on.这么吵,我睡不着。
with+名词+过去分词(短语)
With her homework finished, she went out to play.
完成了家庭作业后,她便出去玩了。
"with+名词短语”,在句中作定语,位于所修饰的名词之后
She is a girl with long hair. 她是个长头发的女孩。
【经典练】
Mr. Smith is sleeping in the room with the door ________.
A．closed B．close C．closing D．to close
【答案】A
【详解】句意：史密斯先生关着门在房间里睡觉。
考查形容词。closed关着的，形容词；close关，动词；closing结束的。根据with+名词+形容词“让某物处于某种状态”可知，此处应用形容词。故选A。
考点5.value的用法
【教材原句】We value the time we spend with our family …我们珍惜与家人在一起的时间…
【句型剖析】（1）value 作动词，表示“看重，重视”。例如：
If they value these data, let them pay for them.
他们要是看重这些数据，就让他们出钱买。
If you value your health then you’ll start being a little kinder to yourself.
如果你重视自己的健康，你就要开始对自己好一点。
（2）value 作及物动词，表示“评价，估价”。后接名词或代词作宾语，当宾语后接具体价格时，常用介词at。例如：
I valued the bike at 200 yuan. 我估计这辆自行车值200元。
The used car has recently been valued at 3750 pounds.
这辆二手车作价为3750英镑。
【拓展】
（1）value 用作名词，基本意思是“价值，价格”，引申还可表示“用处，益处，重要性”。例如：
Because of continual price increases, the value of the pound has fallen in recent years.
近年来由于物价不断上涨，英镑贬值了。
The value of this work experience should not be underestimated.
这种工作经验的重要性不应该被低估。
（2）value常用于of value to sb. 结构，表示“对某人有……价值”。例如：
Good books are of great value to students. 好书对学生非常有用。
【经典练】
I felt ____________ necessary to accept his advice at that time because it was of great ____________.
A．it’s; valuable B．it; value C．that’s; value D．that; valuable
【答案】B
【详解】句意：当时我觉得有必要接受他的建议，因为这很有价值。
考查it和名词的用法。分析句子可知，此处是“sb. feel+it+形容词+to do sth.”结构，意为“某人感觉做某事是……的”，其中it作形式宾语，不定式作真正的宾语；介词of后接名词value作宾语。故选B。
考点6.条件状语从句
【教材原句】 If you’re even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad.如果你迟到15分钟，你的朋友可能会生气。
【句型剖析】这是含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句，if译为“如果”。条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来，要注意if条件句的时态搭配：
（1）if从句用一般现在时 ( http: / / www. / s wd=%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%B6&hl_tag=textlink&tn=SE_hldp01350_v6v6zkg6" \t "_blank )，主句用一般将来时 ( http: / / www. / s wd=%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E5%B0%86%E6%9D%A5%E6%97%B6&hl_tag=textlink&tn=SE_hldp01350_v6v6zkg6" \t "_blank )。例如：
The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。
If the rain doesn’t stop, we will stay here.
如果这场雨不停的话，我们就呆在这儿。
（2）if从句用一般现在时 ( http: / / www. / s wd=%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%B6&hl_tag=textlink&tn=SE_hldp01350_v6v6zkg6" \t "_blank )，主句用情态动词。例如：
If you want to lose weight, you should eat less bread.
如果想减肥，你应该少吃面包.
（3）if从句用一般现在时，主句用祈使句。例如：
If you want to get there on time, hurry up!
如果你想准时到达那里，要快一点。
【经典练】
If he ________ tomorrow, I’ll tell him about it. But I don’t know if he ________.
A．will come, will come B．will come, comes
C．comes, comes D．comes, will come
【答案】D
【详解】句意：如果他明天来，我会告诉他这件事。但我不知道他是否会来。
考查动词时态。第一空if引导的是条件状语从句，根据主将从现，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，因此第一空用comes；第二空if引导的是宾语从句，根据tomorrow可知，此处用一般将来时will come。故选D。
【写作佳句】
I told him that he should tell me if he wanted to read the magazine.
考点7.make an effort to do sth的用法
【教材原句】So I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends.因此当我去见朋友的时候我努力做到准时。
【句型剖析】make an effort to do sth. 意为“努力去做某事”
You should make an effort to learn something new every day. 你应该每天努力去学一点新东西。
【拓展】 与effort相关的常用短语:
make every effort to do sth.努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事
beyond effort力所不能及
in a common effort共同努力
without effort毫不费力地;轻松地
make no effort 不努力
with (an) effort艰难地
【经典练】
Although it is a difficult task, we should make an effort ________ it on time.
A．complete B．completing C．to complete D．to completing
【答案】C
【详解】句意：虽然这是一项艰巨的任务，但我们应该努力按时完成。
考查动词短语。make an effort to do sth.“努力做某事”，固定用法。故选C。
考点8.clean ... off的用法
【教材原句】After class, students are supposed to clean the chalk off the blackboard. 下课后，学生们 应该把黑板上的粉笔字擦掉。
【句型剖析】clean ... off 意为“把… 擦掉”
Please clean the drops of water off the mirror. 请把镜子上的水滴擦掉。
拓展: clean up 意为“打扫干净”。
After class, the students cleaned up the classroom. 下课后，学生们清扫了教室。
【经典练】
The classroom is very dirty. Please clean ________.
A．up it B．it up C．them up
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这个教室非常脏。请打扫一下。
考查动词短语。clean up sth.和clean sth. up都意为“清理某物”，当sth.是代词时，只能用clean sth. up。根据“The classroom is very dirty.”可知是这个教室脏，应用代词it代替，故选B。
考点9. take off的用法
【教材原句】In many eastern European countries, you are supposed to take off your gloves before shaking hands.在许多东欧国家,握手前你应该先脱下手套。
【句型剖析】take off在该句中表示“脱下”,其反义短语为put on(穿上)。
It's too cold. You shouldn't take off your coat. Put it on quickly.
太冷了。你不应该脱掉外套。快点穿上。
【拓展】take off还可表示“(飞机等)起飞”,此时其反义短语为land on降落;着陆)。
The plane will take off soon.飞机马上就要起飞了。
【经典练】
—Hurry up! The plane ______ in an hour.
—Don’t worry. I will drive you to the airport immediately.
A．will take off B．took off C．has taken off D．was taking off
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——快点！飞机一小时后起飞。——别担心。我会立即开车送你去机场。
考查动词时态。take off“起飞”，动词短语。根据“in an hour”可知，此处是一般将来时。故选A。
考点10.worth的用法
【教材原句】 but it is worth the trouble if you want to understand another culture. ......但是如果你想了解另一种文化,麻烦一点也值得。
【句型剖析】worth为形容词,意为“值得;有. 价值(的)”,一般作表语，后面通常跟v-ing形式或表示金钱的名词。其用法如下:
①“be worth doing”意为“值得做”,句子的主语一般是do的宾语。
The place is worth visiting.这个地方值得参观。
②“be worth+钱”意为“值多少钱”。
The picture is worth $ 30.这幅画值30美元。
③“be worth+名词”意为“值得
I don't think it's worth our work.我觉得这件事不值得我们付出劳动。
【拓展】worth前面可用well、 really hardly、easily等词修饰,但不可以用very修饰。表示“很值得”时,应说well worth,而不说very worth。
The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。
【经典练】
I seldom doubt ____________ it is worth ____________ so much time on my hobbies.
A．that; to spend B．whether; to spend C．that; spending D．whether; spending
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我很少怀疑在我的爱好上花这么多时间是值得的。
考查宾语从句和非谓语。根据“I seldom doubt”可知，此处表示不怀疑，是确定的，应用that引导宾语从句；be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”。故选C。
考点11. empty的用法
【教材原句】In China, it’s impolite to use your chopsticks to hit an empty bowl. 在中国，用筷子敲打空碗是不礼貌的。
【句型剖析】empty此处用作形容词，意为“空的”，在句中可用作表语或定语，其反义词是full（满的）。
e.g. There is an empty box in the the middle of the room. 在房间的中央有一个空箱子。
拓展：empty也可用作动词，意为“倒空”；其反义词为fill（装满）。
Please empty the cup. 请把杯子倒空。
【经典练】
I’ve kept ________ empty bottle all the time because it’s ________ unusual one for me.
A．a; an B．the; an C．an; the D．the; the
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我一直留着这个空瓶子，因为它对我来说很不寻常。
考查冠词。定冠词the常用来表特指；不定冠词泛指“一个”，不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单词或字母前，不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词或字母前。题中第一空表特指，用the；第二空表泛指，unusual发音以元音音素开头，其前用不定冠词an。故选B。
考点12.go out of one’s way to do sth和make的用法
【教材原句】They go out of their way to make me feel at home. 他们尽力使我感到宾至如归。
【句型剖析】go out of one’s way to do sth. 意为“特地（不怕麻烦地）做某事”。
He went out of his way to help me. 他竭力帮助我。
【句型剖析】make sb. feel at home 意为“使某人感到宾至如归”
Do you know how to make every guest feel at home 你知道如何使每位客人都感到宾至如归吗？
【经典练】
— Every one of your classmates tries their best to learn English. I think if you don’t, you’ll be ________.
— I will ________ to catch up with them.
A．run out; make my way B．laid out; get in the way C．left out; go out of my way
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你的每个同学都在努力学习英语。我认为如果你不这样做，你就会被落下。——我会尽我所能赶上他们的。
考查动词短语辨析。run out耗尽；make one’s way前进；lay out设计；get in the way挡路，妨碍；leave out落下，省略；go out of one’s way不顾一切地去做。由句中“I think if you don’t”可知，此句是说如果不像其他同学那样努力学英语，就会被落下，第一空用left out；第二空由“to catch up with them”可知，此句是说会尽力赶上他们，用go out of my way，故选C。
考点13.imagine的用法
【教材原句】As you can imagine, things are very different from the way they are at home.正如你所能想象的，事情与在家里的情况大不相同。
【句型剖析】imagine是动词，意为“想象，推测”，后面可接名词、代词、宾语从句、复合宾语，常用于结构：imagine doing sth. 想象做某事。例如：
We can’t imagine what China will be like in the future.
我们无法想象将来中国是什么样子。
I can’t imagine leaving all my friends.
我无法想象离开我所有的朋友。
No one can imagine what would happen next.
没有人能想象出下一步会发生什么。
【经典练】
—Can you imagine ________ chess with AI Robots
—That must be very exciting.
A．playing B．to playing C．played D．to play
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你能想象和人工智能机器人下棋吗？——那一定很刺激。
考查非谓语动词。根据imagine doing sth.“想象做某事”可知，此空应填动名词playing作宾语。故选A。
【写作佳句】
As you can imagine, nothing makes me prouder than feeling my progress in English.
考点14.except的用法
【教材原句】Another example is that you’re not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread, not even fruit. 另一个例子是除了面包外，你不应该用手拿着吃任何东西，甚至水果也不能。
【句型剖析】except 介词，意为“除……之外”
We all went to the old people’s home except John. 除了约翰没去敬老院之外，我们都去了。
辨析：except与besides
except表示“除……之外（不再有）”，指从整体中排除except所接的人或物。
All the students went to the zoo except Jim. 除了吉姆，所有的学生都去动物园了。
besides表示“除……之外（还有）”，它的意思是在原有的基础上加上besides除外的人或物。
I have a few good friends besides you. 除了你之外，我还有几个好朋友。
【经典练】
— Did you study any other languages ________ English when you were at college
— Yes, I studied three. But I have forgotten all ________ a few words of each.
A．besides, besides B．besides, except C．except, except D．except, besides
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——当你在大学的时候，除了英语你还学过任何其它的语言吗？——是的，我学过三种。但是除了每种语言的一点单词外我已经忘了所有。
考查介词词义辨析。besides除了，包括其后的宾语在内except除了，不包括在内，语气更强。根据题意可知提问者问对方学了哪些语言，英语属于语言，包括在内，所以第一空填besides；而回答者把学过的都忘了，只记住几个单词，这几个单词不在遗忘的范围内，所以第二空填except。故选B。
考点15. get used to和it做形式宾语的用法
【教材原句】 I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to it.我发现很难记住所有的东西，但我逐渐习惯了。
【句型剖析】动词短语get used to表示“渐渐习惯……”，后接名词、代词作宾语。与同义短语“be used to”略有不同。get used to强调的是由“不习惯”到“习惯”的这个过程，而“be used to”所强调的只是“习惯了”这个状态。例如：
The food here is not so tasty but you will get used to that.
这里的伙食不怎么样，但你会慢慢习惯的。
The food here is not so tasty but he is used to that.
这里的伙食不怎么样，但是他已经习惯了。
He is used to getting up early. 他习惯了早起。
【句型剖析】当不定式用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式短语”。例如：
I find it difficult to do the job well.
我发现做好这个工作不容易。
I find it easy to get on with her.
我发现她很容易相处。
【拓展】当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。例如：
It’s a pity to refuse. 拒绝是令人遗憾的。
It’s no use saying any more about it. 再谈这事没有用。
It’s not known where she went. 她到哪里去了没人知道。
【注意】It is said / reported / believed / understood that… 这类结构中的 it 也是形式主语。
It’s reported that two people were injured in the accident.
据报道这次事故中有两人受伤。
【经典练】
I used to ________ my dreams. But now I get used to ________ doing everything. I think I’ll succeed one day.
A．giving up; keep B．giving up; keeping C．give up; keeping
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我过去常常放弃梦想。但现在我习惯坚持做每件事。我想我有一天会成功。
考查动词短语。giving up放弃；keep继续，保持，动词原形；keeping继续，保持，动名词；give up放弃，动词短语。used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”；get/be used to doing sth.“习惯做某事”。分析句子可知，第一个空表示过去常常放弃梦想，故用动词原形。第二个空表示习惯做某事，故用动名词。故选C。
一．语法精讲——动词不定式
动词不定式
知识点01 动词不定式作主语
【语法详解】定义：动词不定式，由“to+动词原形”构成，为非谓语动词结构，可以用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语等成分。
动词不定式作主语
（1）动词不定式用作主语时一般置于句首，其谓语动词用单数形式。
如：To see is to believe（百闻不如一见）;
To lean out of the window is dangerous（身子探出窗外很危险）;
To learn English well is very important for students（学好英语对于学生来说至关重要。）
（2）以it置于句首为形式主语，其后所接的动词不定式为真正的逻辑主语。
如：It's our duty to take good care of the old（照顾老人是我们的责任）;
It's very interesting to swim in summer（夏天游泳很有趣）;
It is a bit difficult to finish the task in three days（三天内完成这项任务有点难度的）;
It is very convenient to use mobile phones for self-study（用手机自学很方便）;
It’s kind of you to think so much of us（你如此为我们着想，你真是太好了）;
It takes me twenty minutes to walk from my home to the school. （从我家走到学校得20分钟.）
（3）when， what， how， where等疑问词后接不定式置于句首时，常用作主语。
如： Where to go is still being discussed （去哪里还在讨论中）;
How to solve it is still a problem（怎么解决它仍是个问题）;
When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided. （什么时候开会还没有定下来。）
知识点02 动词不定式作宾语
【语法详解】动词不定式作宾语
（1）在英语中，hope， learn， agree， refuse， start， afford， promise， afford， hate， decide等及物动词后可以跟不定式作宾语。如：
I hope to become an excellent doctor.（我希望成为一名出色的医生）;
She promised to guard this secret.（她答应保守这个秘密）;
We can't afford to go abroad this year.（今年我们负担不起出国的费用）;
She offered to give us a lift.（她主动邀请我们搭车）;
They decided to go to the countryside on vacation. （他们决定去农村度假。）
（2）tell， learn， know， show， decide， forget， ，wonder， explain， consider， remember ，find out等动词或词组，其后可以用“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语。
如：Please tell us where to mail these letters.（请告诉我们在哪儿寄这些信）;
He will show us how to play the game.（他将给我们演示怎样玩这个游戏）;
We must find out what to do next.（我们一定得弄清楚下一步做什么 ）;
There are so many kinds of mobile phones on sale that I don’t know which to buy.（有这么多的手机在折价销售，我拿不定主意买哪一种。）
（3）在“feel/think/find/believe/make+it+形容词/名词+to do something”句型中，常用it 表示形式宾语，而动词不定式是真正的逻辑宾语。
如： feel it important to study hard.（我觉得努力学习很重要）;
I think it our duty to protect the environment.（我认为保护环境是我们的责任）;
She found it difficult to get along with that old woman（她发现那个老妇人很难相处）;
Some people believe it impolite to ask someone's age. （有些人认为询问他人年龄是不礼貌的）;
The Internet makes it easy to communicate with each other.（互联网使彼此之间的交流变得很容易。）
知识点03 动词不定式作状语
【语法详解】动词不定式作状语
（1）动词不定式用作目的状语，可以位于句首、句中，意思是“为了……”，具有突出和强调的作用，常用固定结构则有in order to do， so as to do等。
如： To catch the early bus， we got up at 5：00.（为了赶上早班车，我们5点钟就起床了）;
In order to earn enough money， he often works late into the night. （为了赚到足够的钱， 他经常工作到深夜。）
We went early so as to get good seats.（为了占到好座位，我们早早就去了。）
（2）动词不定式用作结果状语，常见结构有“too…to do（太……而不）”、“enough…to do（有足够…做……）” 、“only to do（结果却）” 、“so/such …as to do”（如此……以至于）等。
如：The box is too heavy for me to carry.（这个箱子太重了，我搬不动）;
He is old enough to finish it for himself.（他已经长大了，足以独立完成这件事了）;
We went to see her only to find her out.（我们去看她，结果却发现她出去了）;
She is so proud as to look down upon others. （她如此骄傲以至于看不起别人）;
（3）动词不定式用作原因状语，常用结构是“sb.+be+形容词+to do ”。
如：I’m glad to see you（我很高兴见到你）;
She was surprised to see the man（看到这个男子，她很吃惊）;
They were excited to hear the news.（听到这个消息他们很激动。）
总之，动词不定式用法看似简单，但易于出错。在平时的英语学习中，同学们要认真学习，熟练掌握其用法，并适当加强训练。
知识点04 “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”
【语法详解】1. “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的构成及用法。
动词不定式（to do）可以和疑问词what,which,who,whom,how,where,when等(why除外)连用，构成不定式短语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语的补语，状语，同位语等句子成分。
(1) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作主语。
Where to go is still a question. 到哪里去还是个问题。
(2) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。
I know where to find the boy. 我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。
(3) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作表语。
The question is how to learn English well.问题是怎样学好英语。
(4)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语补足语
I asked her how to learn English. 我问她如何学英语。
(5)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式” 作状语
She did not know what to do. 她不知如何是好。
(6)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作同位语
The question whether to go troubled the girl.
是否要去的问题使姑娘很烦恼。
2.常与“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构连用的词
常和“疑问词+动词不定式结构连用的动词及动词短语有：know, learn, see, hear, ask, tell, advise, decide, explain, find out, forget, remember, think, understand, wonder等。
(1)有些动词，如ask, tell, advise,show,teach 等，其后可跟双宾语。
Please tell me how to get there. 请告诉我怎么去那儿。
(2)有些疑问词后面可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。如：what,which,whose,how many,how much等。
She wondered how much money to spend on clothes.
(3) 在“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构前，有时也可以是如sure,clear等形容词。
I am not sure which way to take .
3. “特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构可以把复合句转为简单句。如：
I do not know what I should do.
= I do not know what to do.
【经典练】
1． healthy, you should eat more vegetables and less fast food.
A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．Kept
【答案】B
【详解】句意：为了保持健康，你应该多吃蔬菜，少吃快餐。
考查非谓语动词。根据“...healthy, you should eat more vegetables and less fast food”可知，多吃蔬菜和少吃快餐的目的是保持健康，作目的状语应用动词不定式。故选B。
2．I don’t have a partner ________ practice English ________.
A．to...with B．to.../ C．for.../
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我没有可以一起练习英语的伙伴。
考查非谓语动词和介词。分析句子“I don’t have a partner ... practice English ...”可知，practice是动词原形，空前应用不定式符号to，“to practice English”作定语，修饰“a partner”；再根据practice sth. with sb.“与某人练习……”可知，第二空应用介词with，“a partner”是介词with的宾语。故选A。
3．It’s my first time _______ China. It’s so wonderful that I love it!
A．visit B．to visit C．visiting D．visited
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这是我第一次来中国。它是如此美妙，我爱它！
考查非谓语动词。根据“It’s my first time ... China.”可知，物主代词/the first time to do sth.表示“第一次做某事”，不定式作定语，修饰名词“time”。故选B。
4．Jack ________ his ID card this morning. He wants ________ it. Call him ________ 289-6578.
A．lose; find; for B．lost; found; at C．lost; to find; at D．lost; find; on
【答案】C
【详解】句意：杰克今天早上丢了他的身份证。他想要找到他。给他打电话289-6578。
考查时态、非谓语动词和介词辨析。根据“this morning”可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，排除A；want to do sth.“想要做某事”，排除BD；call sb. at“给某人打电话”。故选C。
5．— Why is Nancy crying
— Because her mother forces her ________ her teeth twice a day.
A．brush B．brushing C．to brush D．brushed
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——南希为什么在哭？——因为她妈妈强迫她每天刷牙两次。
考查非谓语动词。force sb to do sth.“强迫某人做某事”，空处用不定式形式，故选C。
6．—What should we do when we play in the park
—We should try our best ________ polluting the environment there.
A．to avoid B．avoiding C．avoid D．avoided
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——我们在公园里玩的时候该怎么办？——我们应该尽力避免污染那里的环境。
考查不定式。根据“We should try our best...polluting the environment there”可知，空处考查try one’s best to do sth短语，意为“尽某人最大的努力做某事”，故选A。
7．Danny always makes his friends ________.
A．laugh B．laughs C．laughing D．to laugh
【答案】A
【详解】句意：丹尼总是让他的朋友笑。
考查非谓语动词。make sb do sth“让某人做某事”，空格处填动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。
8．Because of COVID-19 (新冠肺炎）in February, the government advised us ________ at home.
A．staying B．stay C．to stay D．went
【答案】C
【详解】句意：由于2月份新冠肺炎，政府建议我们待在家里。
考查非谓语动词。advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”。故选C。
9．—If you need my help, please let me know. I will do anything I can ________ you.
—No, thanks. I can do it all by myself.
A．to support B．support C．supporting D．supported
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——如果你需要帮忙，请告诉我。我会尽我所能支持你。——不，谢谢你。我可以独立完成。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“将做我可以做的一切”的目的是支持你，故应用不定式表示目的。故选A。
10．—Why are these teenagers trying ________ TV shows
—Because they are really bad for their study and health.
A．to watching B．to watch C．to not watch D．not to watch
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——为什么这些青少年尝试不看电视节目？——因为它们真的对他们的学习和健康有害。
考查非谓语动词。try to do sth.“尝试做某事”为固定搭配。根据“they are really bad for their study and health”可知，看电视是不好的事情，所以此处用try not to do sth“尝试不做某事”。故选D。
二．写作精讲——谈论发明物的历史及用途
本单元话题是“风俗礼仪”，围绕这一话题谈论不同国家的礼仪，如见面礼仪、餐桌礼仪等，谈论在不同的场合应该做什么，了解不同国家的文化习俗。要求同学们能简单介绍不同国家人们见面时的礼仪习俗及日常生活中的习俗。最能体现本单元话题以及语言运用能力的作文为介绍不同国家风俗习惯的短文、书信或邮件等。
体裁：应用文(书信)；信的主体部分为说明文
时态：一般现在时
人称：回信主体内容是给别人提建议，所以应该以第二人称you为主。
见面礼仪：custom, meet, visit, should, be different from, shake hands, be (not) supposed to, be expected to, first,second.then, finally smile and say “nihao", not kiss or hug, ·introduce younger ones to older ones, introduce men to women
餐桌礼仪：start to eat until everyone is at the table, not start eating first if there are older people at the table, not stick your chopsticks into your food, lay your chopsticks on your plate or bowl, not point at anyone with your chopsticks,not make any noise when you eat your soup, not speak with your mouth full of food, not hit an empty bowl with your chopsticks, accept it when the host
待客与做客礼仪：serve some fruit, offer some tea, receive the gift / present with two hands, not open the gift / present until the guests leave, use serving chopsticks or spoons to give out food call first before visiting your friend, knock on the door before entering the room, not leave without saying goodbye, arrive on time, bring some gifts /presents, express your thanks to the hosts when you leave
“介绍风俗类”作文常用句型:
1. It's polite to...
2. It' s impolite / rude to ... ..
3. You should/shouldn't...
4. You' re (not) supposed to ...
5. You' re (not) expected to ...
6. It' s important to ...
7.Don't...
8.Never...
9. Remember (not) to ...
10. You' d better (not)...
11.One important thing is that …
12. Another example is that …
13. Also, … / What’s more, / besides, / for example, if, when, althouth, so…
“介绍风俗类”作文常用常用习语
When in Rome, do as Romans do.入乡随俗。
“After you” is good manners. “您先请”是礼貌。
Custom is the guide of the ignorant.习俗是无知者的向导。
Custom makes all things easy.若照习俗办，万事皆不难。
列提纲 写句子
中国礼仪习俗 吃饭时 1.it’s impolite to stick your chopsticks into your food. You’re supposed to lay them on your plate or bowl.把筷子插进食物里是不礼貌的。你应该把它们放在盘子或碗里。2.It’s polite to accept it when the host adds food to your plate or bowl. Don’t point at anyone with your chopsticks. Don’t make any noise when you eat your soup. 当主人把食物加到你的盘子或碗里时，接受是礼貌的。不要用筷子指着任何人。喝汤时不要发出任何声音。
在家 3.you’re supposed to speak to the old people politely. 你应该礼貌地和老人说话。4.When you greet the host and his other family members, you shouldn’t kiss or hug them.当你问候主人和其他家庭成员时，你不应该亲吻或拥抱他们。5.Instead, you’re supposed to shake hands with them. We usually do that. You should follow our customs.相反，你应该和他们握手。我们通常这样做。你应该遵守我们的习俗。
约他人外出 6.you should tell the host where you are going and who you are going with. It’s important to come back home by 10:00 p.m., or the host will worry about you. 你应该告诉主人你要去哪里，和谁一起去。晚上10点之前回家很重要，否则主人会担心你。
Dear Mark,
You must be excited about coming to China soon. Let me give you some suggestions and advice about Chinese customs. When you’re eating at the table, it’s impolite to stick your chopsticks into your food. You’re supposed to lay them on your plate or bowl. It’s polite to accept it when the host adds food to your plate or bowl. Don’t point at anyone with your chopsticks. Don’t make any noise when you eat your soup.
In our house, you’re supposed to speak to the old people politely. When you greet the host and his other family members, you shouldn’t kiss or hug them. Instead, you’re supposed to shake hands with them. We usually do that. You should follow our customs.
When you go out with people, you should tell the host where you are going and who you are going with. It’s important to come back home by 10:00 p.m., or the host will worry about you.
Have a safe trip, and I look forward to meeting you soon!
Best wishes,
Li Hua
亲爱的马克，
你一定很快就要来中国了。让我给你一些关于中国习俗的建议和建议。当你在餐桌上吃饭时，把筷子插入食物是不礼貌的。你应该把它们放在盘子或碗里。当主人把食物加到你的盘子或碗里时，接受是礼貌的。不要用筷子指着任何人。喝汤时不要发出任何声音。
在我们家里，你应该礼貌地和老人说话。当你问候主人和其他家庭成员时，你不应该亲吻或拥抱他们。相反，你应该和他们握手。我们通常这样做。你应该遵守我们的习俗。
当你和人出去时，你应该告诉主人你要去哪里，和谁一起去。晚上10点之前回家很重要，否则主人会担心你。
祝你一路平安，我期待着很快见到你！
最美好的祝福，
李华
Section A
重点单词
custom n. 风俗
Brazil n. 巴西
Brazilian n. 巴西的；巴西人
greet v. 和…打招呼;迎接
Mexico n. 墨西哥
Mexican n. 墨西哥的；墨西哥人
relaxed adj.放松的;自在的
relaxing adj. 令人放松的
relax v. 使放松；休息
unexpected adj 出乎意料的
expectation n. 期待；期望
value v.重视;珍视n.价值
valuable adj. 贵重的；宝贵的；有用的
capital n.首都;国都
mad adj.很生气;疯的(madder - maddest)
madness n. 疯狂，愚蠢的行为
passport n.护照
tie v. 捆绑；系 n. 领带
blackboard n.黑板
coast n.海岸;海滨
season n.季;季节
northern adj. 北方的；北部的
southern adj. 南方的；南部的
knock v.敲;击n.敲击声;敲击
worth adj.值得;...价值(的)
manner n.方式;方法(pl)礼貌;礼仪
二、重点短语
be supposed to do 应该做…
be expected to do 应该做/被期望做…
shake hands with 和…握手
bow to sb. 向…鞠躬
greet sb. in the wrong way 以错误的方式问候某人
as soon as…一…就…
as soon as possible/ sb can/could 尽可能快
hold out （my hand）伸出（我的手）
kiss sb. on both sides of one’s faces 亲某人的双颊
to my surprise/joy/excitement令某人惊讶、开心、兴奋的是
be relaxed about 对…随意、放松
in our everyday lives 在我们的日常生活中
drop by… 顺便拜访，随便进入
drop in (on sb./at sp.)顺便拜访(某人/地)…
the capital of clocks and watches 钟表之都
at noon 在中午
Section B
重点单词
empty adj.空的;空洞
basic adj.基本的;基础的
base n. 基础；底部v. 以…为基础
host n. 主人；主持人
summarize v. 总结
summary n. 总结
teenage adj.十几岁的;青少年的
teenager n. 青少年
granddaughter n. (外)孙女
behave v.表现;举止
behavior n. 行为
except prep.除...之外conj.除了;只是
elbow n.肘;胳膊
gradually adv.逐步地;渐进地
gradual adj. 逐步的;渐进的
plate n. 盘子
二．重点短语
1. mind your manners 注意你的礼仪
stick to your dream坚持梦想
stick…into… 把…插进…
start eating first 先吃
hit an empty bowl 敲空碗
point at 指着，point to（侧重方向）
at the table 在餐桌旁
at table 在吃饭
at work 在上班
basic table manners 基本的餐桌礼仪
be based on…基于…/在…基础上
host family 寄宿家庭
on my student exchange program
在我的交换生项目中
the biggest challenge 最大的挑战
There is no reason to do sth.
没有理由做某事
go out of one’s way (to do sth.)特地的做…,格外努力地做…
make sb. feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归
a teenage granddaughter 一个十几岁的（外）孙女
be comfortable doin
= feel good about doing
舒服、轻松、自在地做某事
worry sb使某人担忧
worry about…担心，忧虑…
be worried about…担心，忧虑…
behave well/badly/politely/properly
举止得体/糟糕/礼貌/恰当
behave oneself 举止规矩
cut it up and eat it with a fork
把他切开用叉子吃
put your elbows on the table
把肘部放在桌子上
gradually get used to (doing)… 逐渐习惯于做某事
have a safe trip 一路平安
show up出席、露面、到场
a fine-dining restaurant 一个高级餐厅
in my culture 在我的文化里
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