(共41张PPT)
满分练(一) 阅读理解+七选五
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阅读理解
A
(2023福建厦门二模)
A Century In Circulation
THIS YEAR’S ANNUAL CLASSICS COLLECTION is particularly special given it is the magazine’s 100th anniversary year.Peeling back the covers of the thousands of editions,published in numerous countries,and dating back to the first issue in February 1922,is always a task we enjoy doing.
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This collection offers a wide range of different subjects.Each one we hope will inform,delight,amuse and perhaps even confound(使惊讶) our readers:from stepping inside the French artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir’s inner circle of friends(‘Renoir’s Invitation To A Party’,page 90),to finding peace from depression in a solitary walk on the beach(‘The Day At The Beach’,page 110) and meeting a cat who held a family together as they began to fall apart(‘A Pretty Good Teacher,For A Cat’,page 22).
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My favourite article,‘Exploits Of Charles’(page 104),is written by a mother about the increasingly odd behaviour of a little boy in her young son’s kindergarten class.What a handful this young Charles proves to be.His poor mother!,she thinks to herself.I’m certain you’ll enjoy this amusing and relatable account of a small boy adjusting to his new classmates and teacher.
With an endless supply of wonderful stories,surprising insights and experiences to share,Reader’s Digest remains a place to find fresh perspectives—and a great read.
Happy reading!
LOUISE WATERSON
Editor-in-Chief
[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章是一本杂志的编者注。
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1.Where can we read about a cat
A.On page 90. B.On page 110.
C.On page 22. D.On page 104.
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解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Each one we hope will inform,delight, amuse and perhaps even confound our readers:from...and meeting a cat who held a family together as they began to fall apart (‘A Pretty Good Teacher,For A cat’,page 22).”可知,我们在第22页可以读到一只猫的故事。
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2.Which article attracts Louise most
A.Renoir’s Invitation To A Party
B.The Day At The Beach
C.A Pretty Good Teacher,For A Cat
D.Exploits Of Charles
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解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“My favourite article,‘Exploits Of Charles’ (page 104),is written by a mother about the increasingly odd behaviour of a little boy in her young son’s kindergarten class.”可知,《查尔斯的事迹》最吸引露易丝。
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3.What is this text
A.Readers’ review.
B.Editor’s note.
C.Authors’ reflection.
D.Publisher’s acknowledgement.
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解析 推理判断题。通读全文,根据第一段中的“THIS YEAR’S ANNUAL CLASSICS COLLECTION is particularly special given it is the magazine’s 100th anniversary year.”等内容,以及文章结尾落款“Editor-in-Chief (主编)”可知,本文是一本杂志的编者注。
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B
(2023安徽池州一模)
Miss Baugh taught seventh-grade social studies.She was the kind of teacher that perhaps everyone has had at least once:scary.In class,she always taught us to take school seriously.She had been teaching for a long time and I was as afraid of her as anyone,including the boys who were typically naughty in the back row.
But I also had a life outside of school and had just discovered cheap objects for pranks.One such prop(道具) had two parts:an ink bottle painted to look as though it had overturned,and a piece of shiny black metal shaped like a pool.
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Of all the people I could have tricked,unexpectedly I chose Miss Baugh. At the beginning of the class,I opened her book and placed the props on one of the pages.Then I waited for the fun.When Miss Baugh saw the bottle and the spilled ink,she let out a little cry and looked for something to wipe up the ink with.The trick had succeeded beyond my expectations.But then I suddenly knew I had no control over what would happen next.When Miss Baugh tried to remove the ink with a paper towel,she discovered it was just a piece of black metal.She picked it up,her eyes sweeping the classroom with a deadly gaze.Then came the question:“Who did this ”
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After some hesitation,I raised my hand.Miss Baugh fixed me with a stare that terrified me,and my classmates.And then,most unexpectedly,she laughed. “Well,it certainly fooled me!” she said.She returned the props to me,and for a few seconds a sweet little aged lady appeared right where Miss Baugh stood.
We got back to having a class.But something had changed for me.I began to realize that,if someone like Miss Baugh had a warm heart beneath that crusty surface,then other crusty people would probably do,too.That may have been the most valuable lesson I learned.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的老师Miss Baugh是个很可怕的人,某天作者对Miss Baugh恶作剧,结果Miss Baugh没有生气反而笑了。这让作者意识到冷峻的人可能对别人很友好。
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4.Which words best describe Miss Baugh according to paragraph 1
A.Serious and experienced.
B.Easy-going and selfless.
C.Naughty and demanding.
D.Scary and narrow-minded.
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解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In class,she always taught us to take school seriously.She had been teaching for a long time and I was as afraid of her as anyone,including the boys who were typically naughty in the back row.”可推知,Miss Baugh严肃且经验丰富。
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5.What does the underlined word “pranks” probably mean in paragraph 2
A.Bets. B.Experiments.
C.Tricks. D.Strategies.
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解析 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“One such prop had two parts:an ink bottle painted to look as though it had overturned,and a piece of shiny black metal shaped like a pool.”可知,其中一件这样的道具由两部分组成:一个被涂成翻倒样子的墨水瓶,还有一块闪闪发光的黑色金属,形状像一个水池。即这些是作者用来恶作剧的东西。故画线词意思是“恶作剧”。
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6.What can we learn from paragraph 4
A.Miss Baugh’s stare wasn’t as terrifying as before.
B.The author was given away and finally raised his hand.
C.Miss Baugh burst into laughter and gave the props back.
D.A little aged lady entered the classroom to give a lecture.
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解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“And then,most unexpectedly,she laughed.‘Well,it certainly fooled me!’ she said.She returned the props to me,and for a few seconds a sweet little aged lady appeared right where Miss Baugh stood.”可知,Miss Baugh放声大笑,把道具还给了作者。
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7.What valuable lesson did the author learn
A.Crusty people can be easily changed.
B.Crusty people may be friendly to others.
C.Crusty people are difficult to get along with.
D.Crusty people are sensitive to others’ feelings.
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解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I began to realize that,if someone like Miss Baugh had a warm heart beneath that crusty surface,then other crusty people would probably do,too.That may have been the most valuable lesson I learned.”可知,作者学到了冷峻的人可能对别人很友好。
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C
(2023广东茂名二模)Do you often compare yourself to other people Comparisons can help to make decisions and motivate you but they can also pull you into a comparison trap.
Whether it’s the number of goals you’ve scored at football or how many books you’ve read,it’s easy to compare yourself to someone else.Scientists say it’s a natural behaviour that helps humans learn from each other,live happily together and achieve more.Although comparing can be good for you,it’s not always helpful and you can find yourself stuck in a comparison trap.This is when you always measure yourself against others and base your feelings on how well they seem to be doing.
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Becky Goddard-Hill is a child therapist (someone who helps children understand their feelings) and author of Create Your Own Confidence.She says that comparisons can make us feel good and bad about ourselves.“Comparing up” means seeing someone doing better than you and using that to inspire yourself to aim higher and try harder.However,Goddard-Hill says,“Sometimes it can make you feel rubbish about yourself and knock your confidence.” “Comparing down” is when you see someone who seems like they’re not doing as well as you.This might make you feel you’re doing well,says Goddard-Hill,but it can also stop you wanting to improve.
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If your feelings depend on what other people are doing,“Surround yourself with cheerleaders,” suggests Goddard-Hill.Notice how people make you feel and spend time with friends who celebrate your strengths rather than compare themselves to you.If you follow social media accounts that make you feel you are failing in any way,unfollow them.“Find ones that make you laugh or show you lovely places instead,” she says.Finally,focus on your own achievements and how you can improve.“The best person you can compete with is yourself,” says Goddard-Hill.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在生活中,我们经常容易陷入比较陷阱,从而影响自己。专家建议我们要关注自己,和自己比较。
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8.How does a comparison trap affect us
A.It makes us focus on our own behaviour.
B.It stops us from learning from each other.
C.It prevents us from living happily together.
D.It bases our feelings on others’ achievements.
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解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Although comparing can be good for you,it’s not always helpful and you can find yourself stuck in a comparison trap.This is when you always measure yourself against others and base your feelings on how well they seem to be doing.”可知,比较陷阱会让我们总是把自己的感受建立在别人的成就上。
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9.What’s true about “Comparing up” and “Comparing down”
A.Both of them usually enhance our confidence.
B.Both of them have advantages and disadvantages.
C.The former is positive while the latter is negative.
D.The former makes us feel good while the latter makes us feel bad.
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解析 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“‘Comparing up’ means seeing someone doing better than you and using that to inspire yourself to aim higher and try harder.However,...well,says Goddard-Hill,but it can also stop you wanting to improve.”可知,攀比和比差都既有优点又有缺点。
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10.What does Goddard-Hill suggest
A.Aiming to be our best.
B.Trying to be the best.
C.Trying to be a cheerleader.
D.Valuing someone else’s achievements.
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解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Finally,focus on your own achievements and how you can improve.‘The best person you can compete with is yourself,’ says Goddard-Hill.”可知,Becky Goddard-Hill建议我们与自己竞争,力争做最好的自己就好。
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11.In which section of the magazine can you find the passage
A.Achievement. B.Entertainment.
C.Health. D.Politics.
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解析 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Becky Goddard-Hill is a child therapist (someone who helps children understand their feelings) and author of Create Your Own Confidence.She says that comparisons can make us feel good and bad about ourselves.”可知,文章主要讲述的是比较会让我们陷入比较陷阱,从而产生心理问题,所以这篇文章选自健康专栏。
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D
(2023安徽安庆二模)
Homemade biodiesel (生物柴油) helps you speed past the gas station towards fuel independence.Our expert outlines processing used cooking oil in a small DIY plant.
If you’re guiding your household towards a more self-sufficient lifestyle, maybe you’d like to add do-it-yourself fuel to your list of goals.Biodiesel can be created from waste vegetable oil or animal fats,which you can collect free from restaurants,or you can grow soybeans (大豆) to press your own oil. Process the oil with a couple of chemicals to produce homemade fuel that can run any device—including pickups,cars,and home heating systems.
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First,find a reliable source of raw material.Try sourcing used cooking oil from restaurants,functional food companies.If you’re planning to sell your biodiesel,begin by analyzing the available raw material supply,and make plans to size your operation accordingly.Next,build your plant,sized to your raw material supply.A small family operation can fit in the corner of a garage, within the footprint of a single parking space.Allow enough space for a water heater,a tank for storing your incoming feedstock,and a tank for washing your fuel.For starters aim to line up enough feedstock to meet your family’s fuel requirements.
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If you’re collecting used cooking oil from restaurants,expect that 20 percent of the material you gather will be water and bits of fried food.Water is not your friend when making biodiesel,so you’ll need to remove it by heating the oil and allowing the contaminants (污染物) to settle to the bottom before you pour the oil of the top.You’ll have to make a plan for getting rid of the oily wastewater.
Home biodiesel production is not without risks.Making your own fuel will require great attention to detail and safety.Now you know the basics of how to make biodiesel,but you’ll need to research carefully before you begin production.
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[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一种加工废食用油的DIY的方法。
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12.Where can you get the materials of biodiesel
A.Oil plants. B.Varied restaurants.
C.Abandoned garages. D.Local companies.
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解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Biodiesel can be created from waste vegetable oil or animal fats,which you can collect free from restaurants,or you can grow soybeans (大豆) to press your own oil.”可知,生物柴油需要的材料可以从餐馆免费收集获得。
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13.What is the author’s attitude to the use of biodiesel
A.Tolerant. B.Positive.
C.Unwilling. D.Opposed.
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解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Process the oil with a couple of chemicals to produce homemade fuel that can run any device—including pickups,cars,and home heating systems.”可知,作者对于生物柴油的使用是乐观的,积极的。
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14.What can we infer about biodiesel production from the last two paragraphs
A.It needs enough water.
B.It goes without any risks.
C.It requires little attention.
D.It needs to be improved.
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解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Water is not your friend when making biodiesel,so you’ll need to remove it by heating the oil and allowing the contaminants (污染物) to settle to the bottom before you pour the oil of the top.”可知,制造生物柴油时,不需要水,选项A错误;根据最后一段“Home biodiesel production is not without risks.Making your own fuel will require great attention to detail and safety.Now you know the basics of how to make biodiesel,but you’ll need to research carefully before you begin production.”可知,家用生物柴油的生产有一定的风险,选项B错误;制造自己的燃料需要非常注意细节,选项C错误;在开始生产之前你需要仔细研究生产过程,即说明这种方法需要改进。故选D项。
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15.What is the text mainly about
A.Some research on biodiesel.
B.An experiment on biodiesel.
C.The importance of biodiesel.
D.One way to make biodiesel.
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解析 主旨大意题。通读全文,根据第一段“Homemade biodiesel(生物柴油) helps you speed past the gas station towards fuel independence.Our expert outlines processing used cooking oil in a small DIY plant.”同时结合第三段中描述DIY的过程,可知,本文主要介绍一种加工废食用油的DIY的方法。
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七选五
(2023安徽淮南二模)
Raising children is limitlessly rewarding but no doubt challenging.Here are some tips for raising a happy,healthy and responsible child.
1 Studies find that kids who have televisions in their bedrooms are more likely to be overweight.When a TV is in a child’s bedroom,you have no control over what he’s watching,and you don’t have any opportunities for family bonding time—when everyone lies onto the sofa to watch a favorite show.
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Get them used to doing chores from an early age.We all know a parent who still makes her high school daughter’s lunch every day. 2 By the time your two-year-old begins talking,he’s old enough to start helping around the house.
3 If you really want to teach your teen about money,then stop handing over the credit card and the “allowance”.Instead,put your kid on a budget,open a checking account for him or her,and let your teen really learn how to manage money.Tell your kid that all clothing,movies,entertainment,fast food,and cell phone bills will come out of his or her checking account which you fund. 4 Just make sure you also set up a savings account for your teen and insist that at least one third of any savings or money from you be put away.
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Imagine the future with your children. 5 By age ten,kids are old enough to start looking ahead and figure out the value of an education.Studies find that teens who can imagine themselves with a future are less likely to do those things that destroy a future.
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A.Get the TV out of the bedroom.
B.Don’t find yourself in this situation!
C.Teach them how checking accounts work.
D.Start an activity that you can do with your teen.
E.If your son or daughter has a job,then cut back the amount.
F.You reduce the risk that your child will engage in such behavior.
G.It’s never too early to begin talking to your child about his or her future.
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[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。养孩子是非常值得的,但是也充满了挑战,作者就如何养育孩子从四个方面给出了建议。
1.A 解析 根据下文“Studies find that kids who have televisions in their bedrooms are more likely to be overweight.”可知,卧室里有电视不利于孩子健康,应该把电视从卧室拿走,与A项“Get the TV out of the bedroom.(把电视从卧室里拿出来)”一致。
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2.B 解析 根据上文“Get them used to doing chores from an early age.We all know a parent who still makes her high school daughter’s lunch every day.”及下文“By the time your two-year-old begins talking,he’s old enough to start helping around the house.”可知,空格处应该讲述当孩子年龄到了就应该自己做一些家务了,不能让家长一直承担家务,与B项“Don’t find yourself in this situation!(不要发现自己处于这种情况!)”一致。
3.C 解析 根据下文“If you really want to teach your teen about money,then stop handing over the credit card and the ‘allowance’.Instead,put your kid on a budget,open a checking account for him or her,and let your teen really learn how to manage money.”可知,本段要讲述父母应该教孩子们管理自己的金钱,与C项“Teach them how checking accounts work.”一致。
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4.E 解析 根据上文“Tell your kid that all clothing,movies,entertainment,fast food,and cell phone bills come out of his or her checking account which you fund.”及下文“Just make sure you also set up a savings account for your teen and insist that at least one third of any savings or money from you be put away.”可知,所有的花费都从孩子自己的账户中支出,但也要确保家长为孩子建立了储蓄账户且至少有三分之一的收入被存入,与E项“If your son or daughter has a job,then cut back the amount.(如果您的儿子或女儿有工作,请削减金额)”一致,amount对应上文提到的account。
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5.G 解析 根据上文“Imagine the future with your children.”可知,本段内容与孩子想象未来有关,结合空后“By age ten,kids are old enough to start looking ahead and figure out the value of an education.”可知,可以早一些和孩子一起讨论他们的未来,与G项“It’s never too early to begin talking to your child about his or her future.(开始与您的孩子谈论他或她的未来永远不会太早)”上下文一致。
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词汇积累:
1.(A)given prep.考虑到
2.(A)anniversary n. 周年纪念(日)
3.(B)take sth.seriously认真对待某事
4.(B)let out发出
5.(B)trick v.戏弄
6.(B)gaze n.凝视,注视
7.(C)comparison n.比较
8.(C)trap n.陷阱
9.(七选五)no doubt毫无疑问
10.(七选五)entertainment n.娱乐
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熟词生义:
1.(A)cover n.封面
2.(C)measure vt.估量,判定
3.(C)knock vt.打击
4.(D)press vt.榨油
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长难句分析:
(D)If you’re collecting used cooking oil from restaurants,expect that 20 percent of the material you gather will be water and bits of fried food.
分析:本句为主从复合句,If you’re collecting used cooking oil from restaurants为if引导的条件状语从句;that 20 percent of the material you gather will be water and bits of fried food为that引导的宾语从句;you gather为定语从句。
句意:如果你从餐馆收集用过的食用油,预计你收集的材料中有20%是水和油炸食品的残渣。(共41张PPT)
满分练(二) 阅读理解+七选五
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阅读理解
A
(2023安徽蚌埠三模)
Discover world-class culture on a walking tour of four of the German capital’s best museums.
DDR MUSEUM
Begin on the banks of the River Spree at the brilliant DDR Museum, which provides a unique look into everyday life in former East Germany. Visitors are encouraged to get hands-on with the exhibits,many of which have come from private households.Niitors eanJgo for a drive in a model Trabant—the cars were nicknamed ‘Trabis’—or explore a detailed reconstruction of a flat in an East Berlin tower block.
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HUMBOLDT FORUM
Head over Karl-Liebkheeht Bridge to Museum Island and the new Humboldt Forum.Built on the footprint of the 18th century Royal Palace,badly damaged in the Second World War,the building combines the palace’s reconstructed baroque(巴洛克) architecture with contemporary style.As well as an exhibition showing the site’s history,the Humboldt Forum houses the Berlin State Museums’ collections of global art.
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PERGAMON MUSEUM
Walk past the Altes Museum to the Pergamon Museum,which displays ancient Roman,Greek and Middle Eastern art and archaeology.The three-winged complex houses a wealth of treasures and splendid reconstructions of architectural monuments,including the vivid blue,sixth-century Ishtar Gate of Babylon and the 170 BC Pergamon Altar (note that the hall housing the latter is closed for reconstruction until 2025).
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GEMALDE GALERIE
Walk along Berlin’s central avenue,Unter den Linden,all the way to the Brandenburg Gate.From there,head southwest across leafy Tiergarten park and you’ll emerge at the modernist Berlin Kulturforum.Here you’ll find the Gemalde Galerie—the Gallery of Old Masters—one of the world’s most important collections of European paintings.Take time to admire masterpieces by the likes of Caravaggio,Rembrandt and Raphael.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了德国首都最好的四个博物馆。
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1.What can visitors do in DDR Museum
A.Experience royal life.
B.Drive a real Trabant car.
C.Explore rebuilding of a tower.
D.Operate the exhibits with hands.
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解析 细节理解题。根据DDR MUSEUM中的“Visitors are encouraged to get hands-on with the exhibits,many of which have come from private households.”可知,游客可以亲身体验展品。
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2.Which museum houses worldwide artworks
A.DDR Museum. B.Humboldt Forum.
C.Pergamon Museum. D.Gemalde Galerie.
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解析 细节理解题。根据HUMBOLDT FORUM中的“As well as an exhibition showing the site’s history,the Humboldt Forum houses the Berlin State Museums’ collections of global art.”可知,Humboldt Forum有全球的艺术收藏品。
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3.What do the four museums have in common
A.They were reconstructed.
B.They display modern art.
C.They are located in Berlin.
D.They provide driving tours.
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解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Discover world-class culture on a walking tour of four of the German capital’s best museums.”可知,四个博物馆都在德国首都,即柏林。
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B
(2023福建漳州三模)
Mary had struggled to find the right words to convey her thoughts and feelings ever since she was a child.She was often told that she was “too quiet” or “too shy”,and as she grew older,she became increasingly self-conscious about her inability to articulate herself.It wasn’t that she didn’t have anything to say—far from it.Mary’s mind was constantly racing with ideas and observations,but no matter how hard she tried,she just couldn’t seem to get the words out.
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“Mary,I need to talk to you,” Mr.Thompson,the boss of Mary’s new company,said one day,his voice serious.Mary’s heart sank.“Don’t worry,” Mr.Thompson said,noticing Mary’s panic.“It’s not that kind of conversation.I just want to talk to you about something that’s been on my mind lately.”
He paused for a moment,collecting his thoughts.“I’ve noticed that you’ve been struggling a bit lately.It seems like you’re having a tough time communicating with customers.I hear that you’re proficient at writing.So why not join our Advertising Department Besides,I have another suggestion...”
Mary kept nodding,unable to find the words to express her gratitude.
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Following Mr.Thompson’s suggestion,Mary joined a writing competition. She had always been a talented writer,and she knew that she had the potential to create something truly special.So she set to work,pouring her heart and soul into her essay.The words started flowing,and Mary found herself writing with a newfound sense of clarity and purpose.
The judges of the competition were amazed by Mary’s essay,and they selected it as the winner.Mary was thrilled,and she was grateful to have finally found the right way to do a good job.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了玛丽在老板汤普森先生的建议下,通过写作来表达自己,并且找到了做好工作的正确方法。
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4.What does the underlined word “articulate” mean in paragraph 1
A.Teach. B.Express.
C.Behave. D.Encourage.
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解析 词句猜测题。根据上文“Mary had struggled to find the right words to convey her thoughts and feelings ever since she was a child.She was often told that she was ‘too quiet’ or ‘too shy’”可知,随着年龄的增长,她越来越意识到自己无法表达自己。因此猜测articulate意为“表达”。
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5.Why did Mr.Thompson have a talk with Mary
A.To point out her mistakes.
B.To advise her to quit the job.
C.To offer her some help.
D.To comfort her struggles.
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解析 推理判断题。根据文章第三段的内容可推知,Mr.Thompson和Mary进行谈话是为了给她提供帮助。
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6.What was Mary’s feeling when creating her essay
A.Confident. B.Determined.
C.Inspired. D.Relaxed.
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解析 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“She had always been a talented writer,and she knew that she had the potential to create something truly special. ...The words started flowing,and Mary found herself writing with a newfound sense of clarity and purpose.”可推知,玛丽知道自己在创作方面有潜力,文字自然而然地流淌出来,因此她在创作文章时感到很自信,并非借助灵感创作,而是她本身就很擅长这件事。
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7.What can best describe Mary’s experience
A.Actions speak louder than words.
B.All things are easy that are done willingly.
C.Loses on one side and gains on the other.
D.Diligence can make up for lack of intelligence.
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解析 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,玛丽不擅长用言语表达自己,却在写作方面很有天赋。因此C项“Loses on one side and gains on the other.(有失必有得。)”能描述玛丽的经历。
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C
(2023广东江门二模)
New words emerge in English all the time.In fact,in recent years more new words and phrases are entering the language than ever before,partly due to the increased willingness of lexicographers (词典编纂者) to include them in the dictionaries.
John Algeo who studies the history of language says,“As our culture changes,the language changes.American culture is going through a time of rapid change.”
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Technology is moving fast,which has a big effect on language.The computer world produces hundreds of new words.New terms also come from business,medicine,and other fields.
Many new English words come from other languages.David Jost helps create the American Heritage Dictionary.“We constantly borrow words from other cultures,” he says.“This will go on forever in cultures.”
“People in many parts of the world speak English now.That is another reason why so many new words are entering the language,” says Algeo.
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The American Dialect Society has a contest each year.The society selects a “new word of the year”,which gains high level of popularity on media for some days.Last year the winner was “information superhighway”,referring to a whole set of electronic network of information and people getting access to this network by computer.
New words often come in several forms,such as the back-formation (like enthuse from enthusiasm),the clipping (like zoo from zoological garden),and the compounding,etc.Over time,one form tends to win out.Take the compounding for instance.“Domestic partners” has been growing popular lately,even though many terms have been used to describe couples who live together but are not married.
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“A new word rarely can be traced to one source,” says Algeo.“Several people tend to create a new word when a need for one exists.”
“Most new words have a limited life ‘span’,” say language experts.Only a few will survive through the next 100 years.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。英语中新词不断出现。事实上,近年来比以往任何时候都有更多的新词和短语进入英语,英语进入了快速发展和变化的阶段。文章对此进行了介绍。
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8.What might have least effect on English language
A.Culture. B.Technology.
C.Other languages. D.Language contests.
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解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As our culture changes,the language changes.”,第三段第一句“Technology is moving fast,which has a big effect on language.”和第四段第一句“Many new English words come from other languages.”可知,文化、技术和其他语言都对英语有很大影响,故影响最小的是D项语言竞赛。
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9.What does the writer want to demonstrate by mentioning “domestic partners”
A.It is a compounding word.
B.New words often come in several forms.
C.Over time,one form tends to win out.
D.A new word rarely can be traced to one source.
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解析 推理判断题。根据第七段第二句“Over time,one form tends to win out.”可知,作者提到“家庭伴侣”是为了证明随着时间的推移一种形式往往会胜出,也就是合成词。
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10.What can we learn from the passage
A.New words occur all of a sudden.
B.New words will become old or extinct.
C.Information technology helps the American Dialect Society.
D.American culture changes rapidly as well as English language.
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解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘Most new words have a limited life ‘span’,’say language experts.Only a few will survive through the next 100 years.”可知,新词都有有限的“寿命”,会变老或消失。
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11.What’s the best title of this passage
A.New Words Developing Naturally
B.English Language Changing Rapidly
C.English Vocabulary in a State of Development
D.New Words Influencing English Language
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解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段“New words emerge in English all the time.In fact,in recent years more new words and phrases are entering the language than ever before,partly due to the increased willingness of lexicographers to include them in the dictionaries.”可知,文章主要是讲不断变化和发展的英语词汇,B项与词汇无关,A项的Naturally在文中未体现,D项强调新词和英语语言之间的联系,在文中并未体现,故选C项。
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D
(2023河北张家口二模)
A new study found some primates (灵长类) are leaving their tree homes and spending more time on the ground.Led by Timothy Eppley,Ph.D.,scientists studied nearly 50 species of monkeys and lemurs (狐猴) to look at the reason behind these changes.
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About 15 years ago,Eppley worked with southern bamboo lemurs,which were known to spend most of their days in the trees,feeding on bamboo leaves. However,he was surprised to find these lemurs were spending most time on the ground and had an incredibly diverse diet.He wondered whether habitat reduction and limited food resource availability were driving them move to the ground.This inspired him to begin this study.
He reached out to every researcher he could find who may have significant data on primates from Madagascar or the Americas,the two places with almost all tree-dwelling primates.
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Eppley examined more than 150,000 hours of data observed on 32 monkey species and 15 lemur species at 68 sites.He found that they spent an average of only 2.5% of their time on the ground each month.But the findings showed some interesting differences.
“As habitats are degraded and the climate worsens,primates that are flexible enough to adapt because of their diverse diets or live in larger groups may be more likely to shift to life on the ground,” Eppley says.“However,other species that rely on fruit diets or live in small groups are less adaptable and are less willing to leave the tree.For these species,we will still need to enforce fast and effective conservation strategies to ensure their survival.”
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Although moving to the ground has some advantages in certain situations, primates can face problems when they leave the trees.They can become victims of other animals and diseases.Besides,they will be faced with finding appropriate food resources on the ground,thus having a broad or flexible diet is important.Primates are important seed spreaders within their forest habitats. The loss of primates would lead to negative effects on the ecosystem.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项科学研究,研究发现因为森林的破坏以及气候变化使得一些灵长类动物被迫选择了到地面生活。
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12.Why did Timothy Eppley begin his study
A.To try to make primates more adaptive.
B.To study how monkeys differ from lemurs.
C.To figure out the reason for the loss of bamboo.
D.To find out why primates are turning to the ground.
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解析 细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“He wondered whether habitat reduction and limited food resource availability were driving them move to the ground.This inspired him to begin this study.”可知Timothy Eppley开始研究是想找出灵长类动物选择地面生活的原因。
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13.How did Timothy Eppley carry out his research
A.By doing experiments.
B.By observing in the wild.
C.By studying collected data.
D.By interviewing the locals.
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解析 推理判断题。文章第四段讲到“Eppley examined more than 150,000 hours of data observed on 32 monkey species and 15 lemur species at 68 sites.”可知Eppley通过分析收集到的数据进行这项研究。
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14.Which kind of primates are more likely to come down from trees
A.Those eating diverse diets.
B.Those with a large size.
C.Those feeding mainly on fruits.
D.Those living in small groups.
√
解析 推理判断题。文章第五段讲到“primates that are flexible enough to adapt because of their diverse diets or live in larger groups may be more likely to shift to life on the ground”可知,那些饮食多样化的灵长类动物更倾向于到地面生活。
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15.What will become a concern according to the study
A.Animals will become less adaptive.
B.The forest ecosystem will become worse.
C.More natural habitats will be lost.
D.More animal-related diseases will appear.
√
解析 细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“Primates are important seed spreaders within their forest habitats.The loss of primates would lead to negative effects on the ecosystem.”可知,灵长类动物是植物种子的传播者,如果它们到地面上栖息,将会影响森林的生态系统。
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七选五
(2023河北保定一模)
Gardening can be a fun and rewarding activity for people of all ages,but it can be especially beneficial for children.
Gardening enhances children’s senses and motor skills.In addition to being able to touch the soil,use various tools and seeds,children can also spot the differences between different plants,and hear sounds of different insects.
1 .Gardening activities like digging,planting,watering,and weeding can stimulate movements of the body,particularly arms and hands,and help children learn about the natural world.
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2 .Children’s curiosity about plants starts with the first seed they sow. They learn about natural process by observing the growth and fruit ripen.They also come to appreciate the vital role of insects and worms for plants and recognize that everything in nature is connected.
Plant care fosters (培养) patience and responsibility. 3 ,and children learn what it means to be responsible for something to help ensure its health. Gardening also teaches children about caring for the environment,fostering a love and respect for nature.
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Gardening promotes nutrition and healthy choices for kids.Planting and cultivating (培育) plants,picking vegetables and fruit,and involving kids in cooking with what they grew will certainly result in a wish to try and consume the food they prepared.They will gladly try vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves. 4 .
Gardening gives your family bonding time.Bonding with your family is so important,but it can be hard to realize with the digital age. 5 ,which contributes to parent-child relationship.
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A.Plants need regular and consistent care
B.Gardening gives you a chance to dial this back
C.Children get a head start on learning about science
D.Gardening involves scientific observations and creativity
E.It provides good,healthy outdoor activity for the whole family
F.This helps children to nurture self-confidence and healthy diet habits
G.Interacting with the surrounding nature encourages the learning process
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[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了园艺给孩子们带来的好处。
1.G 解析 下文“Gardening activities like digging,planting,watering,and weeding can stimulate movements of the body,particularly arms and hands,and help children learn about the natural world.”列举了园艺活动中与周围的自然环境的互动,并说明了它们有助于孩子们去了解自然,是对G项“Interacting with the surrounding nature encourages the learning process”的具体说明,“digging,planting,watering,and weeding”照应G项中“Interacting with the surrounding nature”,上下文语意连贯。
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2.C 解析 根据下文可知,本段主要讲园艺可以激发孩子们对自然科学的兴趣,让他们在科学学习上有一个好的开端,故C项“Children get a head start on learning about science”是本段内容的概括,适合作主题句。
3.A 解析 根据段首主题句“Plant care fosters patience and responsibility.”可知,本段讲照顾植物培养耐心和责任感,A项“Plants need regular and consistent care”承接主题句,和下文一起说明孩子们从照顾植物这件事上学到对事物要负有责任感,上下文语意连贯。
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4.F 解析 上文“They will gladly try vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves.”提出孩子们会尝试自己种植的蔬菜和水果,F项“This helps children to nurture self-confidence and healthy diet habits(这有助于培养孩子的自信和健康的饮食习惯)”承接上文,说明这样做的结果,句中“healthy diet habits”照应上文“vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves”,上下文语意连贯。
5.E 解析 根据下文定语从句“which contributes to parent-child relationship.”可知,设空处会提到有助于亲子关系的事情,E项“It provides good,healthy outdoor activity for the whole family”中“good,healthy outdoor activity for the whole family”有助于培养亲子关系,同时照应主题句中“bonding time”,上下文语意连贯。
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词汇积累:
1.(A)unique adj.独一无二的,独特的
2.(A)detailed adj.详尽的
3.(A)emerge vi.出现
4.(B)convey v.表达
5.(B)gratitude n.感激
6.(B)thrilled adj.非常兴奋,极为激动
7.(D)diverse adj.不同的,各式各样的
8.(D)reduction n.减少
9.(D)appropriate adj.合适的
10.(七选五)curiosity n.好奇心
11.(七选五)contribute to有助于,促成
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熟词生义:
1.(A)house vt.收藏;存放
2.(C)term n.术语
3.(C)trace vi.追溯
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长难句分析:
(D)Although moving to the ground has some advantages in certain situations, primates can face problems when they leave the trees.
分析:本句为主从复合句,Although moving to the ground has some advantages in certain situations为although引导的让步状语从句;when they leave the trees为when引导的时间状语从句。
句意:虽然在某些情况下迁移到地面有一些优势,但当灵长类动物离开树木时可能会遇到问题。(共40张PPT)
满分练(三) 阅读理解+七选五
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阅读理解
A
(2023河北石家庄一模)
Outdoor Football @ Braywick
Tue,Mar 8,9:00 P.M.
A friendly kick about,open to all levels.Different players each week. Newcomers welcome.
We book the pitch (球场) when we hit the minimum of 8 “yes” RSVPs (回复),which we need to do by the day before.
The cost is ￡ 4 to ￡ 6 each,depending on how many sign up (￡ 50 for the pitch,divided by the number of players).
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DON’T BE LATE!We need to be there,changed and ready for kick-off at 9:00 P.M.If the game is ever cancelled,we will let those who have already RSVP “yes” know.
LOCATION:Toby Carvery Stafferton Lodge
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PLEASE BRING:
Suitable boots for the outdoor 3G pitches.Artificial grass (AG) football boots are strongly recommended as the best option for the surface.
Some cash — up to ￡ 6,as explained above.
RSVPTERMS AND CONDITIONS!
When you RSVP “yes”,we book a spot on the pitch for you.The organizer is charged for the pitch unless they cancel it at least 48 hours before the game.
If you change your RSVP to “no” less than 48 hours before play or you are a “No Show” and nobody is able to take your spot,you will be asked to pay the price as if you took part.
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BRINGING GUESTS:
You are more than welcome to bring 1 or 2 friends to play (but only if you add “+1” or “+2” to your RSVP,so that we don’t end up with too many players).
[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则通知,告知所有级别的人员将要举行一场友谊赛,每周都有不同的球员,同时也欢迎新人,并且附上了参赛要求。
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1.What is the deadline for the booking of the pitch
A.Mar 5. B.Mar 6.
C.Mar 7. D.Mar 8.
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解析 细节理解题。根据文章小标题“Tue,Mar 8,9:00 P.M.”和第二段“We book the pitch when we hit the minimum of 8 ‘yes’ RSVPs,which we need to do by the day before.”可知,比赛开始日是3月8日,需要提前一天3月7日就定好。
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2.What are you required to do as a player
A.Arrive at the pitch at 9:00 P.M.
B.Wear firm-ground boots when playing.
C.Bring at least ￡ 6 to the pitch.
D.Inform cancellation 48 hours ahead.
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解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“DON’T BE LATE!We need to be there,changed and ready for kick-off at 9:00 P.M.If the game is ever cancelled,we will let those who have already RSVP ‘yes’ know.”可知,对于参赛者的要求是在晚上9点到达,不要迟到。
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3.What will happen if you fail to turn up
A.You still need to pay.
B.You can join the next game for free.
C.You will be fined for it.
D.You will be banned from the games.
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解析 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“If you change your RSVP to ‘no’ less than 48 hours before play or you are a ‘No Show’ and nobody is able to take your spot,you will be asked to pay the price as if you took part.”可知,如果你没来而且没有人能替你,你还是要付钱的。
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B
(2023陕西渭南一模)
When I was a student at St.Joseph’s University,I began to spend time on the streets of Philadelphia,getting to know the men and women for whom these streets were their only home.The more I developed relationships with them and the more I got to know them,the harder it became to head home at night while they remained outside.
In this journey,I have had many great teachers—including Georgianna Simmons,who lost nine of her toes to frostbite(冻伤),and Joe Williams,with a college degree,who runs a rescue center for homeless men.
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I’ve been doing this work for more than thirty years.People who have nothing have taught me so much about life.The lesson they have taught me is that people who are homeless need the same chances we all need:housing, education,employment,and healthcare.Contrary to our society,which values those it believes productive and rich and often ignores those who struggle with homelessness,I believe that every man,woman,and child has gifts.Everyone matters!
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Therefore,I work for a society in which each person is given the chances and resources to achieve their fullest potential(潜力).I also believe that our greatest power is released when people come together across social boundaries(边界) to form a community.It is through “the power of us ” that we come to know the deepest truth of our humanity.This is what I truly believe, “None of us are truly home until all of us are home.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。当作者还是圣约瑟夫大学的学生时就开始关注流浪街头的那些人,那些人无家可归,作者30多年来一直致力于帮助他们,尊重他们,他们使作者认识到他们也需要和我们一样的机会,作者认为每个人都有天赋,每个人都有存在的价值。
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4.Which of the following is true about the author after he knew more about the homeless
A.He wanted to make friends with them.
B.He admired the life they were living.
C.He decided to live on the streets.
D.He felt great pity for them.
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解析 推理判断题。第一段最后“The more I developed relationships with them and the more I got to know them,the harder it became to head home at night while they remained outside.”作者越了解他们,越难以当他们还流浪在外时自己回家,所以可以推断出作者对他们有深深的怜悯,故选D项。
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5.What can we learn about Joe Williams
A.He has made studies on the homeless.
B.He has been homeless for a long time.
C.He has done something good for the homeless.
D.He has taken care of the homeless at his home.
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解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...Joe Williams,with a college degree, who runs a rescue center for homeless men.”可知,Joe Williams为无家可归的人做了些好事,故选C项。
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6.What can be learned from paragraph 3
A.The homeless are taken seriously by the government.
B.We should provide houses for the homeless.
C.The homeless have fewer chances than us.
D.The number of the homeless is increasing.
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解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“...that people who are homeless need the same chances we all need:housing,education,employment and healthcare.”可知,无家可归的人所拥有的机会要比我们正常人少,故选C项。
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7.Which could be the best title for the text
A.Everyone matters
B.How the homeless live
C.The best way to help the homeless
D.What we should do to help ourselves
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解析 标题判断题。根据第三段可知,作者在长达30多年与无家可归者的接触中,了解了他们,从他们那学到了有关生活的很多东西,而我们的社会在忽视他们的价值,他们有天赋,他们每个人都很重要,这就是作者为此工作的原因,这就是作者写这篇文章的主旨。故选A项。
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C
(2023安徽马鞍山二模)
Accompanied by typical Jin Opera music,a red-faced performer with a long beard showed up at the hall of a high school in Taiyuan,Shanxi Province. All the students in the hall stood up and craned (伸长) their necks to get a better look.In their eyes,Jin Opera was something from the past.
They are not alone.It goes without saying that kids nowadays are much more familiar with popular music than traditional opera,which is why performing artist Wu Lingyun,together with his colleagues,goes to campuses to promote the art.
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Wu Lingyun is best known for his role as Guan Gong,a general during the late Han Dynasty period.
Wu began playing the role in 1985,at the age of 21,and has been associated with it ever since.
Wu was significantly influenced by his parents,both of whom are also famous Jin Opera performers.With a natural talent for performing and great effort,Wu was soon recognized by audiences and later awarded the Chinese Drama Plum Blossom Award in 2000,the highest award for Chinese drama performing arts.
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Given Wu’s considerable fame,one might think he would now prefer to enjoy a life of leisure.However,this is far from the case.Deep down,Wu has a big dream.He pictures a growing future for Jin Opera.Wu expects more chances for more people to get to know about the art,hoping Jin Opera could become a worldwide art.
Wu has also made some changes to the traditional art to bring it up-to-date.“Jin Opera should keep pace with the times if we want to bring it back to life and get the young generation to accept it,”he says.“Art without life can never survive.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是晋剧表演艺术家武凌云的艺术成就以及他推广晋剧成为一门世界艺术的决心。
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8.How did the students react to the performance at the hall
A.They became bored.
B.They got disappointed.
C.They felt curious.
D.They looked casual.
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解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“All the students in the hall stood up and craned their necks to get a better look.In their eyes,Jin Opera was something from the past.”可知,孩子们伸长脖子一探究竟,由此可知,孩子们对这项艺术表演充满了好奇。
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9.What do we know about Wu Lingyun
A.He got a top award in 2000.
B.He started his performance in his teens.
C.He now enjoys a leisure life.
D.He became famous because of his parents.
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解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“With a natural talent for performing and great effort,Wu was soon recognized by audiences and later awarded the Chinese Drama Plum Blossom Award in 2000,the highest award for Chinese drama performing arts.”可知,武凌云在2000年获得了中国戏剧界最高荣誉——中国戏剧梅花奖。
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10.What does Wu Lingyun expect of Jin Opera
A.It’ll be studied as a college major.
B.It’ll be officially recognized.
C.It’ll have an easier performing form.
D.It’ll be popular across the world.
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解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Wu expects more chances for more people to get to know about the art,hoping Jin Opera could become a worldwide art.”可知,武凌云希望更多人知道这门艺术,希望晋剧成为一门世界艺术,由此可知,他希望晋剧在全世界流行。
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11.Which of the following best describes Wu Lingyun
A.Humorous. B.Kind-minded.
C.Cautious. D.Devoted.
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解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容以及尾段中的“Wu has also made some changes to the traditional art to bring it up-to-date.”可知,武凌云在取得一定成就后还要将晋剧推广到世界,而且还对晋剧做出改变,使其与时俱进,由此可推断,武凌云是一个对自己的事业全身心投入的人。
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D
(2023安徽宣城二模)
If you ask something of ChatGPT,an artificial-intelligence(AI) tool,you may immediately get the responses,completely certain and often wrong.The questions raised by technologies like ChatGPT cause much more tentative(不确定的) answers.But they are ones that managers ought to start asking.
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One issue is how to deal with employees’ concerns about job security. Worries are natural.An AI that makes it easier to process your expenses is one thing;an AI that people would prefer to sit next to at a dinner party quite another.Being clear about how workers would redirect(重新使用) time and energy that is freed up by an AI helps foster acceptance.So does creating a sense of agency:research conducted by MIT Sloan Management Review and the Boston Consulting Group found that an ability to override an AI makes employees more likely to use it.
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Arthur Jago of the University of Washington and Glenn Carroll of the Stanford Graduate School of Business investigate how willing people are to give rather than earn credit—specifically for work that someone did not do on their own.They showed volunteers something attributed to a specific person— an artwork,say,or a business plan — and then revealed that it had been created either with the help of an algorithm(算法) or with the help of human assistants. Everyone gave less credit to producers when they were told they had been helped,but this effect was more pronounced for work that involved human assistants.
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The picture that emerges from such research is messy.It is also dynamic: just as technologies evolve,so will attitudes.But it is crystal-clear on one thing. The impact of ChatGPT and other AIs will depend not just on what they can do,but also on how they make people feel.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章以人工智能ChatGPT引发的问题为引入,通过一系列研究和实验探讨了人工智能与人类之间的关系。
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12.What should managers take into consideration when using technologies like ChatGPT
A.Skills used for them.
B.Issues caused by them.
C.Accuracy ensured in them.
D.Alternatives discovered for them.
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解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The questions raised by technologies like ChatGPT cause much more tentative answers.But they are ones that managers ought to start asking.”可知,管理人员在使用ChatGPT等技术时应该考虑由它们引起的问题。
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13.What can we learn about employees’ attitude towards AI from paragraph 2
A.They find it can make their work more complicated.
B.They think it is a threat for AI to replace them at work.
C.They consider it’s normal for AI to finish all their work.
D.They feel it’s vital for them to acknowledge its abilities.
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解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One issue is how to deal with employees’ concerns about job security.Worries are natural.An AI that makes it easier to process your expenses is one thing;an AI that people would prefer to sit next to at a dinner party quite another.”可知,员工认为人工智能在工作中取代他们,是一个威胁。
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14.What did the volunteers think of a task accomplished with AI algorithm
A.They thought little of it.
B.They were unaware of it.
C.They spoke highly of it.
D.They felt envious about it.
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解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They showed volunteers something attributed to a specific person...assistants.Everyone gave less credit to producers when they were told they had been helped,but this effect was more pronounced for work that involved human assistants.”可知,志愿者不喜欢使用AI算法完成的任务。
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15.What does the passage mainly talk about
A.The limitation of AI.
B.The importance of ChatGPT
C.The relationship between AI and humans.
D.The practical application of ChatGPT.
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解析 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“The impact of ChatGPT and other AIs will depend not just on what they can do,but also on how they make people feel.”结合文章以人工智能ChatGPT引发的问题为引入,通过一系列研究和实验探讨了人工智能与人类之间的关系。可知,这篇文章主要讲的是人工智能和人类的关系。
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七选五
(2023广东广州一模)
Home gardens produce delicious food.But that’s not their main virtue.
Imagine a plate holding two strawberries,identical in appearance.One came out of a supermarket box,probably harvested unripe. 1 The other was picked from a garden minutes before being eaten.The first one will probably taste like a slightly sour grape while the second is likely to be sweet and rich in flavour.
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Supermarket strawberries are not entirely without advantages.They are convenient and available in the northern globe even in February.But the two berries differ from each other in the same way that hearing Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata in a concert hall differs from listening to it on an old tape.
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Other people,however,think gardening is a waste of time.But the same could be said of cooking.There are cheap and decent restaurants around,so why bother to make your own meals 3 They mistake the product for the purpose.
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Actually,a garden,especially in the early years,can produce little but frustration(挫败感).New gardeners may plant the wrong crops for their soil. Rabbits have an annoying habit of taking single bites of vegetables,then leaving the rest to go bad. 4 No matter.The real joy of gardening is the time spent doing it.The deepest pleasure — as with cooking,writing,bringing up children or almost anything worthwhile — is in the work itself.A gardener’s memories revolve not around the food produced,but around long afternoons with hands in the dirt.
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A.No one can ever avoid this hard stage.
B.So why don’t we start home gardening for delicious food
C.This might explain why many people desire a home garden.
D.These people misunderstand the ultimate appeal of gardening.
E.By the time it reached the plate it may have been off the plant for days.
F.To garden is to patiently and lovingly help life grow,in the ground and above it.
G.And even expert gardeners can lose a season’s harvest to uncooperative weather.
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[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了园艺的真正乐趣。
1.E 解析 上文“One came out of a supermarket box,probably harvested unripe.”和下文“The other was picked from a garden minutes before being eaten.”说明这颗草莓在未成熟时就摘下来了,推断出这颗草莓等待了好几天,在成熟后才装入盘子进行食用,E项“当它被放到盘子里的时候,它可能已经离开植物几天了”,承接上下文,符合语境。
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2.C 解析 由上文“But the two berries differ from each other in the same way that hearing Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata in a concert hall differs from listening to it on an old tape.”可知,超市的草莓和自家种的草莓的区别就好像在音乐厅听贝多芬的《月光奏鸣曲》和在旧磁带上听的区别,讲述了家庭花园的优点。C项“这或许可以解释为什么许多人渴望拥有一个家庭花园”和上文构成因果关系,是对上文内容的承接。
3.D 解析 由上文“Other people,however,think gardening is a waste of time. But the same could be said of cooking.There are cheap and decent restaurants around,so why bother to make your own meals ”及下文“They mistake the product for the purpose.”可知人们对园艺是存在误解的,D项“这些人们误解了园艺的终极魅力”,承上启下,符合语境。
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4.G 解析 由上文“Actually,a garden,especially in the early years,can produce little but frustration.”,G项 “即使是专业的园丁也会因为不配合的天气而损失一季的收成”是对上文产生挫败感这个内容的举例说明。
5.F 解析 上文“The deepest pleasure—as with cooking, writing,bringing up children or almost anything worthwhile—is in the work itself.A gardener’s memories revolve not around the food produced,but around long afternoons with hands in the dirt.”可知,这里讲述了做园艺活的乐趣,F项“做园艺活就是耐心地和爱护地帮助那些地上和地下的生命茁壮成长”是对做园艺这件事情意义的升华,是对上文内容的承接。
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词汇积累:
1.(A)cancel vt.取消
2.(A)charge vt.收费,要价
3.(C)show up出现
4.(C)be associated with与……有联系
5.(C)leisure n.闲暇
6.(C)keep pace with跟上
7.(D)security n.保障
8.(D)reveal vt.透露
9.(D)dynamic adj.充满活力的
10.(七选五)differ from不同于
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熟词生义:
(C)accompany vt.为……伴奏
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长难句分析:
(C)It goes without saying that kids nowadays are much more familiar with popular music than traditional opera,which is why performing artist Wu Lingyun,together with his colleagues,goes to campuses to promote the art.
分析:本句为主从复合句,that kids nowadays are much more familiar with popular music than traditional opera为that引导的宾语从句;which is why performing artist Wu Lingyun,together with his colleagues,goes to campuses to promote the art为which引导的非限制性定语从句;why引导表语从句。
句意:不用说,现在的孩子们对流行音乐的熟悉程度远远超过传统戏曲,这就是表演艺术家武凌云和他的同事们一起去校园推广这门艺术的原因。(共42张PPT)
满分练(四) 阅读理解+七选五
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阅读理解
A
(2023湖南衡阳二模)
Haven’t appreciated art for a long time Don’t worry,National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCPA) has arranged something really amazing for you. Let’s check what’s on!
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Flower Rain on the Silk Road
Place:Opera House
Time:January 23-27,19:00-20:30
Price:￥60-￥880(click here for specific price for different seats)
About:A classical Chinese dance drama which is to celebrate China-foreign friendship that carries forward the Silk Road spirit of friendly commercial inter-action and win-win cooperation.
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The Unicorn Purse
Place:Main Theatre
Time:January 23,19:30-20:30
Price:￥160-￥600(click here for specific price for different seats)
About:Jingju,or Beijing Opera;an interesting story about how a man named Yang Yanzhao saves the princess and marries her in the Song Dynasty.
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Minimalist Creation
Place:Multi-functional Theatre
Time:January 25-27,14:30-15:30,19:30-20:30
Price:￥328
About:Magic performances with the unexpected combinations such as,a plastic bag,a plastic pipe,and other common items in daily life,which will make children have a period of warm and fun time.
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New Year’s Concert of Beijing
Place:Concert Hall
Time:January 26-27,19:30-21:10
Price:￥100-￥600(click here for specific price for different seats)
About:Altogether 20 pieces of masterpieces,conducted by Li Bowei.
Kindly reminder
Except for some children’s plays,it’s not allowed for children with height of 120 cm or under to enter the concert hall.
Box office
North Gate of NCPA,No.2 West Chang’an Avenue,Xicheng District, Beijing,P.R.China
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Tickets collection hours
9:30-19:30 on performance day
9:30-18:00 for days without performance
Booking line
+86 10 6655 0000
Booking hours
9:30-18:00(CST)Monday to Friday
Seating Chart
We make every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information.However, the hours,prices,and program details may vary due to last minute changes.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了国家大剧院一月上演节目的简况以及订票信息。
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1.Which one is the most suitable for a family with kids
A.Flower Rain on the Silk Road.
B.The Unicorn Purse.
C.Minimalist Creation.
D.New Year’s Concert of Beijing
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解析 细节理解题。根据Minimalist Creation 中的“which will make children have a period of warm and fun time”以及Kindly reminder中的“Except for some children’s plays,it’s not allowed for children with height of 120 cm or under to enter the concert hall.”可知,只有Minimalist Creation最适合有孩子的家庭观看,故选C项。
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2.How much do you have to pay at least to enjoy pure music
A.￥60. B.￥100.
C.￥160. D.￥328.
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解析 细节理解题。根据New Year’s Concert of Beijing中“Price:￥100-￥600”可知,要欣赏纯音乐,只能去北京新年音乐会,票价在100~600元之间,最低票价为100 元。
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3.Which information will not change before the beginning of a play
A.Contact ways. B.Lasting hours.
C.Ticket prices. D.Program details.
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解析 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“We make every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information.However,the hours,prices,and program details may vary due to last minute changes.”可知,在戏剧开始前不会改变的信息是联系方式。
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B
(2023山东烟台一模)
Parenting styles have changed over the years in response to the rapid changes in the world.Whether it is tapping technology or applying the best parenting practices to meet a parenting need,parents nowadays generally invest more time in finding out how best to raise their children.
Modern parents often look to the Internet and social media for parenting advice.The availability of resources has helped modern parents engage more in their children’s development,both academically and emotionally.Modern parents are also more eager to find out effective parenting methods to help them raise disciplined and confident children.
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A modern parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting,where parents are much too focused on their children.They help children with tasks they’re capable of doing on their own,like selecting activities and friends for them,or calling their teachers about homework matters.Such a parenting style can hold back the development of the children’s ability to handle responsibilities independently.Children might be ill-equipped with life skills such as doing laundry (洗衣),clearing their plates or coping with their schoolwork.Always protecting children from failures may also prevent them developing adaptability and acquiring skills like problem-solving.
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On the other hand,parents in the past tended to monitor less.Children were given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends.Domestic helpers were also not the norm then,hence children of the past were often expected to shoulder the responsibilities of caring for younger brothers and sisters and managing housework.Living in the pre-internet age,parents were less informed about different parenting methods,and their parenting styles were guided more by their personalities,common sense and friendly advice from the extended family and neighbors,rather than by social media influences or parenting websites.
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There is no one right way to raise a child.Each child is unique and should be raised differently by parents who are present but not wandering,who are supportive but not controlling,and who protect but not care too much.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近些年来“育儿模式”的变化历程。
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4.What does the underlined word “tapping” mean in paragraph 1
A.Employing. B.Tracking.
C.Monitoring. D.Identifying.
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解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容“applying the best parenting practices(应用最好的养育方法)”可知,画线词与下文的applying构成并列结构,表示“利用技术”。故画线词与A项为同义词,意为“利用”。
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5.What is a distinctive characteristic of helicopter parenting
A.Flexible. B.Efficient.
C.Conventional. D.Overinvolved.
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解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A modern parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting,where parents are much too focused on their children.They help children with tasks they’re capable of doing on their own, like selecting activities and friends for them,or calling their teachers about homework matters.”可知,采用“直升机式育儿”方式的父母参与得太多,干涉介入得过多。
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6.What do we know about parents in the past
A.They educated kids in a rigid way.
B.They overestimated their kids’ independence.
C.They afforded kids more space for self-growth.
D.They tended to stay away from social activities.
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解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“On the other hand,parents in the past tended to monitor less.Children were given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends.”可知,过去的父母对孩子监督较少,给予孩子更多的空间。
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7.What does the text mainly tell us
A.How to raise all-round children.
B.How to enhance parent-child bonds.
C.How parenting modes have shifted over the years.
D.How information technology boosts people’s lifestyles.
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解析 主旨大意题。根据全文可知,文章讲述的是近些年来的育儿模式发生的变化。C项概括文章主题。
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C
(2023浙江台州二模)
When I was in college,an acquaintance who had graduated a few years ago came back to visit for the weekend.As we walked around campus on Saturday night,he flung his hands into the cold air and exclaimed,“You guys are so lucky;you live a minute away from all your friends.You’ll never have this again.”
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At that time,I thought it was kind of sad — a grown man longing for my life of university housing and late library nights.But his words have stuck with me in the years since.“In adulthood,as people grow up and go away,friendships are the relationships most likely to suffer,” my colleague Julie Beck wrote in 2015.Therefore,the older you get,the more effort it takes to maintain connections,because you don’t have as many built-in opportunities to see your friends every day.
The writer Jennifer Senior noted last year that the fact of our choosing friendships makes them both fragile and special.“You have to continually involve.That you choose it is what gives it its value,” she wrote.But that’s also what makes friendships harder to hold on to as our lives evolve.
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It’s hard but not impossible.Senior notes that when it comes to friendship, “we are ritual-deficient.So we have to create them:weekly phone calls, friendship anniversaries,road trips,and so on.”
“Friendship is the rare kind of relationship that remains forever available to us as we age,” Senior writes.“It’s a defender against stasis (停滞期),a potential source of creativity and revival in lives that otherwise narrow with time.” It’s something worth choosing,over and over again.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从自身经历谈论了友谊,成年后由于距离原因友谊很难维持,但这也并非不可能,我们可以通过每周电话、友谊纪念日、公路旅行来维持它,友谊是一件值得反复选择的事情。
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8.It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the writer’s friend probably felt
.
A.envious B.irritated
C.sympathetic D.uneasy
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解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中作者朋友说的话“You guys are so lucky;you live a minute away from all your friends.You’ll never have this again.”可知,作者的朋友认为作者很幸运,故他应是感觉羡慕。
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9.Julie Beck might agree that .
A.it’s ridiculous for adults to long for campus life
B.distance brings challenge to keeping friendships
C.people do not create enough chances to meet with friends
D.when friends are apart,their friendships surely weaken as well
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解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘In adulthood,as people grow up and go away,friendships are the relationships most likely to suffer,’my colleague Julie Beck wrote in 2015.”可知,Julie Beck认为友谊最容易受到距离的影响,即距离给维持友谊带来挑战。
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10.The following ways can help people hold on to friendships except .
A.celebrating important days
B.going on journeys together
C.enlarging circles of friends
D.keeping in touch with friends
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解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“So we have to create them:weekly phone calls,friendship anniversaries,road trips,and so on.”可知,庆祝重要节日、一起旅行和保持联系都是有助于维持友谊的方法,C项“扩大朋友圈”文章未提及。
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11.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A.The future of friendship.
B.The origin of friendship.
C.The nature of friendship.
D.The definition of friendship.
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解析 主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知,友谊是对抗停滞不前的防卫者,是随着时间推移而变得狭窄的生活中创造力和复兴生命的潜在来源,是一次又一次值得选择的事情,所以本段主要谈论了友谊的本质。
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D
(2023山东济南一模)
In conversations with strangers,people commonly tend to think they should speak less than half the conversation time to be likable.But we’ve discovered this idea is wrong.Our data shows that people tend to think they should speak about 45% of the time to be likable in a one-on-one conversation with someone new.However,it appears speaking up a bit more is actually a better strategy.
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In our research,we randomly assigned people to speak for 30%,40%,50%, 60% of the time in a conversation with someone new.We found that the more they spoke,the more they were liked by their new partners.This was only one study with 116 participants,but the outcome is supported by other researchers’ findings.For example,a previous study randomly assigned one in a pair to take on the role of“speaker” and the other to take on the role of “listener”.After engaging in 12-minute interactions,listeners liked speakers more than speakers liked listeners because listeners felt more similar to speakers than speakers did to listeners.This outcome suggests the reason people prefer those who speak up:Learning more about a new partner can make you feel like you have more in common with him or her.
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Further,we assigned people to speak for up to 70% and even 90% of the time.The result shows it is not an ideal strategy.Our research does not suggest people hold down a conversational partner but rather that they feel comfortable speaking up more than they usually might.
Research like ours can help people gain a more reasonable understanding of social interactions with new people and become more confident about how to make a good first impression.It has the obvious benefit of allowing us to carefully control speaking time.However,it does not reflect more natural conversations.Future research should figure out whether our findings generalize to more natural interactions.
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[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于如何与陌生人互动交往的研究。
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12.What is the common belief concerning conversations with strangers
A.Speaking a little less is preferred.
B.Speaking half the time is the best.
C.Listeners are more likable than speakers.
D.Listeners fail to control the conversations.
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解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In conversations with strangers,people commonly tend to think they should speak less than half the conversation time to be likable.”可知,关于与陌生人交谈的普遍看法是“少说一点是最好的”。
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13.How was the research carried out
A.By analyzing speaking habits.
B.By making comparisons.
C.By listing examples.
D.By collecting data.
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解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In our research,we randomly assigned people to speak for 30%,40%,50%,60% of the time in a conversation with someone new.We found that the more they spoke,the more they were liked by their new partners.”可知,研究是通过“比较说话时间”来实施的。故选B项。
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14.What is the disadvantage of the research
A.The conversation time is limited.
B.Further study is hard to continue.
C.The findings are less widely appliable.
D.Interactions with strangers are missing.
√
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However,it does not reflect more natural conversations.Future research should figure out whether our findings generalize to more natural interactions.”可知,这项研究的缺点是“这些发现的适用性不那么广泛”。
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15.In which situation can the research finding be applied
A.Attending a family gathering.
B.Partying with your friends.
C.Meeting a new teacher.
D.Making a public speech.
√
解析 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了一项关于如何与陌生人互动交往的研究,该研究发现可以应用于“与一位新老师初次见面”,其中new是关键词。
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七选五
(2023浙江温州二模)
Museums can be overwhelming.With thousands of pieces there,how do you know which to focus on And once you see a piece you like,how do you interact with it Here is some advice on how to have a meaningful connection when you look at art.
Get up close and personal. 1 Therefore,take your time to observe qualities about a work that may not come through on a computer screen.That includes its look and the feel of its surface,the marks made by the brush and the path your eyes take when viewing the work.
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Stand back.Next,take a few steps back,stand in the center — and observe what’s happening in the big picture.What’s going on in the piece 2 What are they doing How are they related
Look at it from an angle.Then try looking at an artwork from its sides, because you might catch something you might not have seen straight on.If it’s something like The Ambassadors by Holbein at The National Gallery in London,if you stand to the side,you’ll see something that from front on looks very different. 3 That’s called anamorphic art.
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Move your body.If you’re looking at a painting,you can take a finger to the air and trace the outline of the figure or the movement of the brushstrokes.
4 This can help you see and feel what it might be like to make this artwork from the artist’s perspective.
Consider the subject of the art.That can have a profound effect on how you feel about the work—and perhaps you can learn something from it.Take the example of Andrew Wyeth’s famous painting,Christina’s World,which depicts (描绘) a girl with a muscle disease crawling across a field to get to her home in the distance.The painting personifies (体现) determination. 5
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A.So just keep an open mind.
B.What have they gone through
C.When you stand to the side,it changes.
D.How are the figures in the piece arranged
E.We have the luxury of seeing the real thing at a museum.
F.When looking at sculptures,try the poses with your body.
G.It can in a way relieve your stress to know we have this inner strength.
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[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在看待艺术时如何建立有意义的联系的一些建议。
1.E 解析 由上文“Get up close and personal.”和下文可知,只有在博物馆里才能近距离接触、仔细观察艺术作品,承接上下文,E项“我们有幸在博物馆里看到真实的东西。”切题。
2.D 解析 由该段可知,后退是为了更好地思考艺术作品的意义,可以通过相关问题来建立艺术联系,下文中的“they”指代D项中的“the figures in the piece”,承接上下文,D项“这幅作品中的人物是如何排列的 ”切题,且与前后句式一致。
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3.C 解析 由上文可知,不同角度看变形艺术,你会看到不同的东西,该空承接上下文讲不同角度视角下的变形艺术是什么样的,C项“当你站在一边时,它会改变。”切题。
4.F 解析 承接上文“Move your body.If you’re looking at a painting,you can take a finger to the air and trace the outline of the figure or the movement of the brushstrokes.”,再次举例说明通过移动你的身体来与艺术建立有意义的联系,F项“看雕塑时,试着用你的身体摆姿势。”切题。
5.G 解析 由小标题和上文可知,本段作者建议通过思考艺术的主题来与艺术建立有意义的联系,以著名画作《克里斯蒂娜的世界》的艺术主题(决心)为例,该空应讲明这种有意义的联系的积极作用,承接上下文,G项“知道我们有这种内在的力量,可以在某种程度上缓解你的压力。”切题。
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词汇积累:
1.(A)combination n.结合,联合
2.(A)accuracy n. 准确,精确
3.(B)in response to作为回应
4.(B)apply vt.应用;运用
5.(B)look to 寻求
6.(B)availability n.可用性
7.(B)be capable of 能够
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8.(B)hold back阻止
9.(C)acquaintance n.熟人
10.(C)exclaim vt.大声说
11.(C)kind of 有点,稍微
12.(C)fragile adj.脆弱的
13.(D)assign vt.分配
14.(D)take on承担
(七选五)profound adj.(影响)深刻的
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熟词生义:
1.(B)invest vt.投入(时间或精力)
2.(B)shoulder vt.承担
长难句分析:
(C)When I was in college,an acquaintance who had graduated a few years ago came back to visit for the weekend.
分析:本句为主从复合句,When I was in college为When引导的时间状语从句;who had graduated a few years ago为who引导的定语从句。
句意:我上大学的时候,一个几年前毕业的熟人周末回来看我。(共41张PPT)
满分练(五) 阅读理解+七选五
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阅读理解
A
(2023山东聊城三模)
The Most Popular National Parks in the U.S.
Famously called “America’s best idea” by the novelist and historian Wallace Stegner,the U.S.National Park System offers families a wonderfully affordable way to visit America’s most popular and beautiful landscapes.
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Hot Springs National Park
This national park is unique because it’s more of an urban park than a distant wilderness.Located right next to the city of Hot Springs,this is also the country’s smallest national park,covering 5,550 acres.The main attractions here are the historic bathhouses and hot springs that the park was established to protect.
Acadia National Park
This park on the Maine Coast is home to various plants and animals and the tallest mountain on the Atlantic Coast.Today visitors come to Acadia to hike rock peaks,bike historic carriage roads,or relax and enjoy the coastal scenery.
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Shenandoah National Park
Occupied by settlers for at least 100 years,it covers 200,000 acres of Virginia wilderness.The 105-mile Skyline Drive traces the Blue Ridge Mountains and offers many jumping-off points to see the beauty of this park. Beyond the scenic drive,you can explore the park’s many offerings through hiking,biking,and horseback riding.
Indiana Dunes National Park
Stretching along 15 miles of Lake Michigan shoreline and covering more than 15,000 acres,this Midwestern park is ideal for relaxing on a beach,hiking the 50 miles of trails,and exploring the diverse ecosystem.The sands are the main attraction with rare plants,and various birds.The national park is free to visit.
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[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个在美国最受欢迎且适合家庭出行的国家公园。
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1.What is typical of Hot Springs National Park
A.It seems like a city park.
B.It is located in the suburb.
C.It isn’t a faraway wilderness.
D.It is the city’s largest national park.
√
解析 细节理解题。根据Hot Springs National Park 部分的“This national park is unique because it’s more of an urban park than a distant wilderness.”可知,Hot Springs National Park的特别之处在于它看起来更像一个城市公园。
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2.What can you do in Shenandoah National Park
A.Talk about its history with settlers.
B.Record the beauty of this park.
C.Ride a horse to explore its beauty.
D.Enjoy the park’s coastal scenery.
√
解析 细节理解题。根据Shenandoah National Park 部分的“Beyond the scenic drive,you can explore the park’s many offerings through hiking,biking, and horseback riding.” 可知,在Shenandoah National Park可以通过徒步旅行、骑自行车和骑马等方式探索公园。
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3.Which of the following parks can you visit free of charge
A.Acadia National Park.
B.Hot Springs National Park.
C.Shenandoah National Park.
D.Indiana Dunes National Park.
√
解析 细节理解题。根据Indiana Dunes National Park 部分的“The national park is free to visit.”可知,游览Indiana Dunes National Park是免费的。
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B
(2023河北唐山二模)
Like most people,I had a lot of time on my hands these past few years, and I spent most of it on my phone.This,together with anxiety medication (药物治疗),has made my brain weak.I’ve never had a very good memory,but by summer of 2021,I saw the little memory that I did have disappear suddenly while Googling “ben afleCk brther bad 1”.
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I grew frustrated.I couldn’t remember the name of Joan Holloway’s military husband from Mad Men without looking it up,or the name of my college friend,who would come into my dorm regularly to talk about how much he worked out.None of this was especially useful or life-changing information,but I wanted to remember it without making a shameful mess of my search history.
Inspired by a desire to impress myself and others,I decided to stop looking stuff up online and see what happened.When I couldn’t remember the character from Mad Men,instead of instantly turning to my phone,I just sat there,thinking,very hard.(Aha!Greg was his name.) And so my new skill was born:Strong Brain.
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For a few months,I didn’t make any progress.Sometimes I would sit without knowing something for hours,well after whoever I was with had looked it up and had moved on to knowing the next thing that I couldn’t remember.I was frequently laughed at and made to feel stupid for sitting with my arms crossed.I was teased for not coming up with answers to things that no one on earth should know simply because I took an attitude against looking them up.
But while the sounds of my haters got louder and louder,my brain beefed up in my defense.As friends tried to remember the name of the actor who played Robin Williams’s sweetheart in Jumanji,I spoke unthinkingly with “Bonnie Hunt”.
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If you’re like me and have always wanted to be the shiny,pretty person at a party that everyone is listening to and smiling at and wondering where she got her hair cut,I think Strong Brain is the party trick for you.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过讲述作者因为长期玩手机导致记忆力下降,因此就利用最强大脑(Strong Brain)来让自己增强记忆力。
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4.What do we learn about the author from paragraph 1
A.She was overusing the phone.
B.She wasted a lot of time on the calls.
C.She was addicted to anxiety medicine.
D.She made many spelling errors while searching.
√
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Like most people,I had a lot of time on my hands these past few years,and I spent most of it on my phone.”可知,作者大部分时间都花在了手机上,即她过度使用手机。
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5.What did the author decide to do after the summer of 2021
A.Improve her recall.
B.Seek help from medicine.
C.Clear up her search history.
D.Connect with her college friend.
√
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,作者在2021年夏天开始训练自己,提高记忆力。
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6.What did other people think of the author’s new skill training
A.Difficult. B.Important.
C.Ridiculous. D.Rewarding.
√
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段“I was frequently laughed at...against looking them up.”可知,其他人认为作者的行为很荒唐可笑。
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7.What is the best title of the text
A.My Concern over Anxiety
B.My Way to Be Brain-Strong
C.My Fight with High Technology
D.My Suffering from Poor Memory
√
解析 主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲述作者是如何通过最强大脑来提高自己的记忆力的,B项“我的最强大脑之路”适合作文章标题。
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C
(2023湖南怀化二模)
Have you ever lost something in a hard-to-reach space,like behind a couch or a cupboard Wouldn’t it be nice to just be able to squeeze in and out New innovations in the field of robotics will soon be able to make this nice idea into a reality.
In a study published on Jan.25 in the science journal Matter,engineers from The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Carnegie Mellon University in the US have developed small robots that can quickly change back and forth from liquid to solid states.
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According to the website Mashable,the scientists were inspired by sea cucumbers.They are able to change the stiffness (僵硬度) of their body or reduce the potential for physical damage.The robots in the study were made from gallium (镓),a soft metal with a low melting point of 30℃.The scientists then used changes in the magnetic field to control the magnetic particles inside the gallium material to provide heat.This heat then allowed the robots to change between solid and liquid states as well as to move around.
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As the website Tech Xplore pointed out,other similar materials require external heat sources such as heat guns and electrical currents to induce a change of states;but now,the robots can use a heat source inside itself to change states independently.During the robots’ experimental trials,the scientists conducted a number of tests.These tests included having the robots melt into liquid and re-form to escape a prison-like cage.It can remove a foreign object from and deliver medicinal drugs to a model stomach.The robot is also able to build and repair hard-to-reach circuits.The robots’ ability to switch between states of matter allows for a number of possible uses and advancements in different fields,such as the biomedical and circuit assembly(组装) industries.
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Still,in the words of senior author Carmel Majidi at Carnegie Mellon University,for now these are all just “proofs of concept” which show the abilities of these new kind of robots.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。来自香港中文大学和美国卡内基梅隆大学的工程师开发出了能够快速从液态到固态来回切换的小型机器人。
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8.Why can the robots switch between solid and liquid
A.Because they consist of a unique metal and magnetic particles.
B.Because they can reduce the potential for physical damage.
C.Because they are able to change the stiffness of their body.
D.Because they have external heat sources any time anywhere.
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解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The robots in the study were made from gallium (镓),a soft metal with a low melting point of 30℃...move around.”可知,这种热量使机器人能够在固态和液态之间变化是因为它们是由独特的金属和磁性粒子组成的。
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9.What does the underlined word “induce” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Witness. B.Remove.
C.Cause. D.Accept.
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解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段“This heat then allowed the robots to change between solid and liquid states as well as to move around.”,第四段画线词的上文“heat guns and electrical currents(热枪和电流)”和下文“change of states(物态变化)”可知,上文“热枪和电流”是导致下文“物态变化”发生的原因,可推理出画线词应为“引起;导致”之意。
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10.What will be the function of the robot
A.To help scientists inspire sea cucumbers.
B.To put a couch into a hard-to-reach space.
C.To get rid of foreign objects from an organ.
D.To assist people in escaping a prison-like cage.
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解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It can remove a foreign object from and deliver medicinal drugs to a model stomach.”可知,这种机器人在将来可能会具有的功能是清除器官中的异物。
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11.Where is the text probably taken from
A.A health report.
B.A science fiction.
C.A chemistry textbook.
D.A scientific magazine.
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解析 推理判断题。这篇文章是一篇讲述最新科技发明的说明文,最有可能出现在科技杂志中。
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D
(2023山东泰安二模)
Have you ever wished you could be better organized or more sociable Or more inventive and original Perhaps you’re a constant worrier,and you’d prefer to be a little more carefree If any of these thoughts ring true,you are not alone.Many surveys show that at least two-thirds of people would like to change their personality.In the past,such desires appeared to be impossible.Our personalities were thought to be formed in childhood and to remain fixed throughout lives.Recent research,however,suggests that with the right psychological strategies and enough effort,people can successfully mould (塑造) their core traits into the shape they desire.That is what psychology professor Nathan Hudson and his colleagues have shown with studies.
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The research has centered on five traits (特点) that are thought to contain our most fundamental characteristics.Known as the “big five”,they are: extraversion—how outgoing and sociable you are;conscientiousness—how organized and disciplined you are;agreeableness—how concerned you are with social harmony;neuroticism—how nervous and sensitive you are;and openness to experience—how imaginative and curious you are.People’s scores for the big five can predict important outcomes.People who score highly on conscientiousness,for example,get better grades at school and earn more.Those who score highly on neuroticism,meanwhile,are more sensitive to stress.
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In the study,someone who wished to be more conscientious might be asked to carefully read an email before sending it,or to write a to-do list before going to bed.A neurotic person might be given exercises to improve emotional regulation,such as writing down feelings when they are hard to control.The aim is for the thinking patterns and behaviours they make to become habitual. And the evidence so far suggests it works well.Similar results could be seen in a later experiment,which used a smartphone app to coach participants in their desired big five traits.
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As Aristotle argued more than 2,300 years ago,we become what we repeatedly do.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明,通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力,人们可以成功地将他们的核心特征塑造成他们想要的形状,从而达到改变性格的目的。
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12.What can we learn from the text
A.Personality remains fixed in life.
B.Personality change is possible.
C.Personality keeps changing with age.
D.Personality varies from person to person.
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解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Recent research,however,suggests that with the right psychological strategies and enough effort,people can successfully mould (塑造) their core traits into the shape they desire.”可知,我们可以从文中了解到性格改变是可能的。
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13.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A.The aim of the research.
B.The method of the research.
C.The focus of the research.
D.The importance of the research.
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解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“The research has centered on five traits (特点) that are thought to contain our most fundamental characteristics.”可知,第二段主要讲述研究的重点。
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14.What’s the author’s attitude towards the research
A.Favourable. B.Doubtful.
C.Disapproving. D.Indifferent.
√
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段“As Aristotle argued more than 2,300 years ago,we become what we repeatedly do.”可推知,作者对研究的态度是赞成的。
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15.Which of the following sayings can we learn from the study
A.Character determines destiny.
B.Custom makes all things easy.
C.Habit determines character.
D.A fox may grow gray,but never good.
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解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“In the study,someone who wished to be more conscientious might be asked to carefully read an email before sending it,or to write a to-do list before going to bed.”和最后一段“As Aristotle argued more than 2,300 years ago,we become what we repeatedly do.”可知,我们可以从研究中学到习惯决定性格的道理。
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七选五
(2023山东德州二模)
The Surprising Habits that Are Stopping You from Losing Weight
You’ve cut out snacks and started exercising,but why can’t you shift those stubborn pounds Read on to discover the surprising reasons you struggle to stay slim and simple,science-backed solutions.
You’re eating too late.
Do you regularly eat dinner after 8:00 pm or snack through the evening A study found that late-night eating made people hungrier the following day.
1 Avoid eating between 8:00 pm and 8:00 am.
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You’re not at the gym frequently enough.
Working out actively but not seeing results Consider how active you are outside the gym. 2 There are 168 hours in a week,so if you do one-hour workouts three times a week in the gym,you’re only exercising for 2% of the week.Instead,being active throughout your day has accumulative effect on fat loss.
You’re eating too fast.
The faster you eat,the more rapidly sugar enters your bloodstream.People who eat faster tend to have a higher weight and energy intake than slow-eaters. I’m always telling my children not to wolf food,but listen to their hunger signals. 3
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You drop off with the TV on.
4 Sleeping with the TV on isn’t restful.Stage 1 sleep is very light so it can be easily disturbed by TV sound.Long-term lack of sleep impacts your appetite,increases food intake and decreases energy consumption.Therefore,in the hour before bed,avoid screens and all bright light.
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5
“Healthy” plant-based food like fake meats and non-dairy desserts may actually ruin your weight-loss efforts,warn nutrition scientists.Despite their healthful claims,they’re actually high in energy,sugar and saturated fats.The processing methods for such food often break down ingredients’ cell structures. More energy can be stored in the body.So,switch to food like beans,nuts and seeds.
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A.You’ve gone plant-based.
B.It’s good advice for everyone.
C.To fix it,cut out evening snacks.
D.Celebrate a special day or event occasionally.
E.Everything feels right,but you know something is wrong.
F.This bedtime habit can make it harder to fall asleep at night.
G.Limited exercise isn’t the best way that you can lose weight.
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[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些影响减肥的不良习惯并提出相应的建议。
1.C 解析 上文提到“eat dinner after 8:00 pm”和“snack through the evening”两种不良习惯,C项“To fix it,cut out evening snacks.”和下文“Avoid eating between 8:00 pm and 8:00 am.”针对上文两种习惯提出建议,上下文语意连贯。
2.G 解析 下文指出在健身房锻炼的时间是有限的,对G项“Limited exercise isn’t the best way that you can lose weight.”中“Limited exercise”进行了具体说明,同时回答了段首问题“Working out actively but not seeing results ”,积极锻炼却不见成效是因为锻炼时间不足。上下文语意连贯。
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3.B 解析 上文指出,吃得越快就越容易长胖,因此,作者给自己的孩子提出建议“not to wolf food”,B项“It’s good advice for everyone.”承接上文,说明这一建议适合所有人,上下文语意连贯。
4.F 解析 标题“You drop off with the TV on.”提出开着电视睡着了这种不良习惯,F项“This bedtime habit can make it harder to fall asleep at night.”指出其影响,上下文语意连贯。
5.A 解析 根据下文可知,本段说明所谓“健康”的植物性食物其实会破坏你的减肥努力,所以本段针对的是“吃所谓‘健康’的植物性食物”的不良习惯,因此“You’ve gone plant-based.”是本段讨论的问题。
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词汇积累:
1.(A)affordable adj.便宜的,付得起的
2.(A)accuracy n.准确,精确
3.(B)frustrated adj.沮丧的
4.(B)tease vt.取笑
5.(C)innovation n.创新
6.(C)trial n.试验
7.(D)personality n.个性
8.(D)fundamental adj.基本的
9.(D)sensitive adj.敏感的
10.(七选五)cut out 停止
11.(七选五)break down分解
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熟词生义:
(A)cover vt.占(面积)
长难句分析:
(B)I was teased for not coming up with answers to things that no one on earth should know simply because I took an attitude against looking them up.
分析:本句为主从复合句,that no one on earth should know为that引导的定语从句;because I took an attitude against looking them up为because引导的原因状语从句。
句意:人们取笑我,说我对世界上任何人都不应该知道的问题找不到答案,仅仅是因为我反对去查这些问题。
