2023年中考英语阅读理解题解题策略课件(共66张PPT)

(共66张PPT)
阅读
考查题型及解题方法：
主旨大意
细节理解
猜测词义
推理判断
知识梳理
一、主旨大意题
考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。主旨题的题干表现形式有以下几类：
知识梳理
1.Main Idea
选项形式为陈述句。要求考生选择表达作者思想、观点的句子。
1.What is the main idea/point of this passage？
2. The main idea of this article is ______.
3. This passage is mainly about ______.
4. The text mainly talks about _________________.
2.Main Topic
选项形式为名词或名词词组。要求考生指出文章的Topic（论题）或 Subject（主题），或 Title（标题）等。典型问题形式：
1. What is the main topic of this passage？
2. What is the main subject of the passage
3. The best title /headline for this passage might be _____.
4. The best title/headline for this passage should be ________.　　
5. The passage can be entitled _________.
3.Purpose类型
选项形式多为动宾结构。要求考生找到主要的写作目的。
典型问题形式：
What is the author's main purpose in the passage
The author's purpose of writing this passage is to _____.
提问方式：
1）问标题
What is the main topic of the passage？
The best title for the passage is ______.
知识梳理
提问方式：
2）问中心
The first paragraph is mainly about the _____
The passage is mostly about______________
知识梳理
提问方式：
3） 问目的; 态度
The author wants to tell ____
The purpose of this article is to ____
知识梳理
容易选错的干扰项:
以偏概全
夸大主题
把观点强加给作者
知识梳理
解题策略
找主题句
主题句是归纳文章中心的句子，它的出现有三种情况：
1、在开头。主题句在文章开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。 新闻报道、说明文、议论文常用此方式。
知识梳理
解题策略
Good morning. The program today is about music. The word “music” comes from the Greek word “muse”. The Muses are the goddesses of the arts. Music is only one of the arts. It is like the spoken language,but is uses sounds.
Today's program brings together music from different corners of the world. Who invented music？ Who sang the first song？ No one knows exactly the answers to these questions. But we know that music plays an important part in almost everyone's life.
Babies and young children love to hear people singing to them. When they are a little older, they like to sing the songs they have heard. When children go to school, their world of music grows. In the middle grades students take music lessons. When they reach high school, they become interested in listening to pop music.
知识梳理
文章开头就说明今天的节目是关于音乐的，其后的句子都是围绕介绍音乐的。从音乐的起源，形式，作用到全世界的受人喜爱音乐，进行逐一说明。
知识梳理
文章最后一句“In fact, the true love is not built on friendship, loyalty or blood relationship. Instead, it is based on no relationship.
真正的爱不以友谊、忠诚抑或是血缘关系为前提，事实上，真正的爱，是无条件的博爱。” 就是在前面故事的基础上的总结与概括，即文章的主旨。
2. 在结尾。
知识梳理
3. 在中间。
通常是文章的开头提出问题，陈述细节，导出主题句，然后再进一步用细节说明支持主题句。如：
知识梳理
Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
知识梳理
二、细节理解题
本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。
知识梳理
解题策略：
1）对应性
2）准确性
3）区分性
知识梳理
5W1H
是非题
排序题
细节题的类别
间接信息题
直接信息题
同义替换
词性变换
计算题
化繁为简
定位原文
如何解答5W1H题？
分析选项
寻读法
读题
1 审题（题干、选项）
审题：先理解题意！！！再画关键词
对于题干就带有疑问的题目，审题干
对于题干没有直接明确内容的题目，重点分别审选项
关键词：数词、含有大写字母的人名、地名、专有名词等、动词、名词、与众不同的词（不认识的词、很长的词）
目的是为了方便找答案！不一定与最后答案有直接关系。
1 审题（题干、选项）
对于题干就带有疑问的题目，审题干：
eg:
1．What’s the first animal to travel in space
A．A goldfish. B．A cat. C．A dog. D．A rabbit.
2．What is the problem with Sunshine
A．She likes making friends.
B．She is too strange and too annoying.
C．No one wants to make friends with her.
1 审题（题干、选项）
对于题干没有直接明确内容的题目，分别审选项
eg：
1．According to this passage, ________.
A．dolphins can’t feel sad
B．dolphins can’t be humans’ good friends
C．dolphins may have feelings just like humans
2．Which of the following is NOT true
A．There are a lot of bushes along the way.
B．The writer usually went home on foot.
C．The writer’s father was very bad to him and didn’t love him at all.
D．The writer’s school is about two kilometers from home.
2 定位（找答案范围）
在文中确定题目中关键词的位置（边理解文章边找关键词）
定位答案的范围（关键词所在句或前后几句）
重点是意思要和题目意思匹配，不能只看是否有关键词！
忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
3 对比原文和答案作答
答案不一定是文中原句（或者选项出现文中原句不一定是对的）！要考虑句子意思是否符合题目要求！
避免张冠李戴、断章取义等情况~
分析选项
正确项
1. 同义替换
2. 词性变换
3. 化繁为简
干扰项
1. 内容扩大缩小
2. 改变时态，未然当已然
3. 无中生有，主观臆想
4. 偷换概念，张冠李戴
5. 文不对题，答非所问
随堂练习
Q: Dogs started to live with people about ________ years ago.
A．10,000 B．1,000 C．11,000 D．10,100
About dogs
Dogs are our good friends. They started living with men about 10,000 years ago.
Laikia, a dog, was the first animal in the world to travel in space. In 1957, the dog was sent into space in a satellite.
............
关键词所在句
随堂练习
Q: To live with the dolphin, Margaret couldn’t ________.
A．cut her hair short
B．wear swimming clothes
C．have a life as she did in the past
Margaret Howe, an experiment (试验) helper, would live day and night with Peter, a dolphin (海豚). And they would eat, sleep and play together from Sunday to Friday, with only Saturdays off for Margaret. She lived her life in swimming clothes — with a coat on colder evenings — and cut her hair short so that she could get on with Peter more easily.
关键词后几句
排除法
随堂练习
Q：The writer and Sam ________ walk home after school.
A．always B．never C．sometimes
After school, I take Sam to buy an ice-cream. He always gives me some of his ice-cream. I love ice-cream! Then we sometimes walk home together or take the bus. The people on the bus always smile and tell me, “Good boy!”
随堂练习
Q: According to the passage, what makes the soup still hot after a long time
①the thick chicken oil on the surface of the soup
②the scholar’s wife runs quickly to the scholar
③the earthen pot can keep the heat in
④the scholar heats the soup after his wife arrives
A．①② B．③④ C．①③ D．②④
When she finally arrives, she is surprised that the earthen pot is still hot. Her husband is surprised, too. They find two secrets (秘密): there is thick chicken oil (油) on the surface (表面) of the soup and the earthen pot can keep the heat in. As a result, the soup is hot and delicious.
结果
答案在关键词前几句
随堂练习
Q:What’s the right order(顺序) of the story
①Liu bought rice, oil and some cups. ②Liu found a coin and gave it to a policeman.
③Liu took the things to cleaners and policemen.
④Alibaba Group rewarded Liu with 10,000 yuan.
A．④③②① B．①③②④ C．②④①③ D．③①④②
Liu Lin, a 6-year-old boy in Chengdu, found 0.5 yuan and gave it to the police. To the surprise of the boy and his family, Alibaba Group rewarded(奖励) him 10,000 yuan ($1,443) for what he did.
.......
Liu Lin wished to do something for others with the money he got. He went to the supermarket with his mother, spending all the money buying rice, cooking oil(食用油) and some cups. On October 30, Liu and his parents took the rice and cooking oil to 30 street cleaners and 20 cups to the policemen.
随堂练习
Q: What does the writer do after his swimming lesson
A．He has breakfast. B．He goes back home.
C．He gets his schoolbag ready. D．He goes to school.
Every Wednesday, I have a swimming lesson before the school starts. When the swimming lesson finishes, it’s usually 8:20. The school starts at 8:30. In 10 minutes, I can’t go back home to get my schoolbag and walk to school. ......
随堂练习
Q: Why does the writer go to school with no schoolbag sometimes
A．He loses (丢失) it. B．He dislikes it.
C．He forgets to bring it. D．He gives it to his classmates.
On some days, I get up late. I often have a piece (一块) of bread, a cup of milk and go to the swimming lesson. Sometimes I only remember to bring the swimming bag. After the swimming lesson, I go to school with no schoolbag. Luckily, my classmates are all nice to me. They are happy to share (分享) everything with me. ........
随堂练习
Q: Sugar got her name because of ________.
A．the bump on her leg B．the colour of her fur
C．the colour of the bump D．the bump on her head
Mr and Mrs Woods had a cat named Sugar. Her fur was white like sugar. That was how she got her name. The cat was a lovely pet. She had a bump (肿块) on one leg, but Mr and Mrs Woods thought that Sugar was just right.
.......
随堂练习
Q: Why did Dorothy, the Lion, the Tin Woodman and the Scarecrow go to the land of Winkies
A．They wanted to see the Great Oz.
B．They wanted to kill the Wicked Witch.
C．They wanted to help the Wicked Witch.
D．They wanted to save the Great Oz.
Finally, Dorothy, the Lion, the Tin Woodman and the Scarecrow saw the Great Oz. But Oz refused to help them if they didn’t kill the Wicked Witch of the West on the land of the Winkies. They had to go to the land of the Winkies. The Wicked Witch of the West was watching them from her castle. She had only one eye but she could see very far with it. She was very angry and decided to kill them.
随堂练习
Q: How many times did the Wicked Witch try to kill Dorothy, the Lion, the Tin Woodman and the Scarecrow
A．Once. B．Twice. C．Three times. D．Four times.
She took out a silver whistle and blew it once. Wolves came from all directions and went to find them.........
The Wicked Witch took her silver whistle again and blew it twice. This time big crows with sharp beaks went to them. .......
The witch was furious. She took her silver whistle again and blew it once more. Thousands of black bees appeared. .......
随堂练习
Q: Which are mentioned(提及)about Lewis Carroll
a. His jobs. b. His age. c. His works. d. His family.
A．abd B．acd C．bcd D．abc
Lewis CarrollLewis Carroll was born in 1832 in a small town in the north-west of England. His real name was Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. He was a teacher of Maths at Christ Church College but he didn’t enjoy this job very much.
In his free time he wrote many short stories. His best-known work, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, was published (出版) in 1865. It was so popular that Carroll became rich and famous. Later in 1871 he published another ‘Alice’ book called Alice Through The Looking Glass.
He never moved away from the college. In 1867 he went to Russia but this was the only time he travelled to foreign countries. He died in January 1898.
定
根据画出的关键词 回到文章中定位
比
比较文章和选项中的哪个说法一致
划
画出题干的关键 词，明确任务
读
读题干，了解任务
做题方法: 做题忌讳-脱离文章，单凭印象
细节题干扰项特点:
1.是原文信息,但不是题目要求的信息
2.符合常识,但不是文章内容
3.与原文内容极其相似,只是在程度上有些变动
4.部分正确，部分错误
三、词义猜测题
猜词题：英语阅读理解中的一种题型，通常是指根据构词法或者上下文关系推断所给生词含义的题。
知识梳理
解题策略:
阅读中碰到生词时不要着急，耐心地读下去，文章会帮助你猜出生词词义。
通过构词法知识分析生词词义
通过上下文,同义词，反义词，生活常识等猜测，尤其是本句话以及前后两句话，给生词假设意思，看是否读的通。
知识梳理
猜词题的出题形式
1. The word “...” in the passage probably means____.
2. The underlined word “...” means ____.
3. The underlined word in paragraph 3 means ____.
4. The word “...” refers to ____.
5.What does the word “...” mean
6. The close meaning of the underlined word “...” is ____.
7. The close meaning of the underlined word “...” is ____ in English.
猜词题的解题方法
词根词缀法
因果关系法
转折关系法
第一部分
词根词缀法
二
中学阶段常见的词根词缀
re- 再，重复
否定:dis-;im-;un- in- 在里面
pre- 在......之前
op- 相反
com-/con- 共同；一起
前缀
名词后缀：-tion/-ion; -ment;-ship;-ness;-ist;-ity
形容词后缀：-y;;-ly;-ous;-ful;-able;-ive;-ic
后缀
rect- 正；直 -tend 延伸
pos- 放 spir- 呼吸
sect-切割 -dict 说
词根
Can you guess the right meaning
review - disappear - inside -
predict - education - sickness -
scientist - creativity - noisy -
careful - dangerous - uncomfortable -
复习 消失 在里面
预测 教育 疾病
科学家 创造力 吵闹的
仔细的 危险的 不舒适的
小试牛刀
1. He said, "English is clearly an international language, it sohould be accepted by the world", but I disagree with him.
A. 不喜欢 B. 不接受 C.不赞同 D.不理解
2. "Cool" can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything.
A.see B. show C.know D.feel
√
√
第二部分之
因果关系法
二
因果关系词
because
for
as
since
due to
because of
now that
The reason why ... is that + 原因
表因
so
thus
hence
therefore
as a result
as a consequence
lead to+结果
result in+结果
表果
1. She wanted the tailor to trim her coat a bit because it was too long.
A. 修剪 B. 梳理 C. 制作 D.装饰
2. It will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day since the Palace
Museum is so immense .
A. large B. crowded C. noisy D. good
3. She is a shrewed woman therefore she never loses in any quarrel
A. 精明的 B. 傻的 C. 无可挑剔的 D. 美丽的.
小试牛刀
√
√
√
第二部分之
转折关系法
四
转折关系词
but not
yet however
while whereas
instead of unfortunately
on the contrary
沙场点兵
1. Generally,sweet apples are eaten fresh while tart apples are used to make applesauce(苹果酱)。
A. 小的 B. 大的 C. 坏的 D. 酸的
2. She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly
3. Ten-year-old Kate was an active girl, but her sister was quite sedate.
A. pretty B. calm(冷静的）C. protective（有保护欲的）D. energetic
√
√
√
根据定义或解释猜测词义
技巧 1
A calendar is a list of the days ,weeks, months of a particular year.
calendar 日历
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.
herdsman 牧人
知识梳理
根据对比确定词义
技巧 2
Our maths professor（教授） says that all the problems he gives us are simple ones，however，we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve．
Intricate 复杂的
知识梳理
技巧 3
根据同义词的替代关系猜词义
In the ancient city of Rome(罗马), we visited every mansion , church[t :rt ]（教堂）, theatre and other public halls[h :ls].
mansion 建筑物或场所
知识梳理
根据反义猜词
技巧 4
Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate.
sedate 安静的
知识梳理
根据上下文情景确定词义
技巧 5
All his attempts[ tempt] to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key.
futile 徒劳的
知识梳理
根据常识、经验猜生词
技巧 6
The old man put on his spectacles and began to read．
spectacles 老花镜
知识梳理
根据构词法猜测词义
技巧 7
He has renamed the restaurant[ restrɑ:nt] “Paradise”.
rename 重新起名，改名
知识梳理
根据因果关系猜测词义
技巧 8
You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault [f lt].
blame 责备
知识梳理
四 推理判断题
推理判断题着重考查学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，设计面广，如人物的性格、心理、故事的结局、寓意、文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。其题目设计的方式一般有：
知识梳理
容易选错的干扰项：
选项中意思虽然与原文相符，但是只是涉及一些细枝末节，不符合题干。
选项内容与原文无关, 或者是对文章内容作了张冠李戴的处理。
知识梳理
容易选错的干扰项：
选项是对原文内容的简单重复，不是推理得出的结论。
选项的内容纯属主观臆断得出的结论，文章根本没有提及。
知识梳理
解题策略：
做这类题目时，大家必须透过文章的字面意思，领悟隐含在字里行间的内涵，体会作者的言外之意、弦外之音。
找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。
知识梳理
再见！