2023 年高中英语学科知识竞赛
时量：90 分钟 满分：100 分
第一部分 初级阅读(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
You know that classics like Little Women and To Kill a Mockingbird started as novels. But you probably didn't know that these other famous movies also came from books.
Hidden Figures
This film told the story of real-life Katherine Johnson and other female African-American mathematicians who helped drive the United States into space in the 1960s. It was actually based on a 2016 nonfiction book and the movie did boost sales of the book.
Forrest Gump
The 1994 movie which was based on the book by Winston Groom won six Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor for the star Tom Hanks. Although the movie's critical and box-office success gave the book a huge boost, it's the film that made its mark on pop culture history.
The Girl on the Train
Paula Hawkin's psychological thriller, about a woman on a train who thinks she sees something strange out of the window, was a huge success. But unlike the fast-paced, can't-be-put-down quality of the novel, the movie was boring.
Field of Dreams
It’s hard to describe the plot of this movie: Ray Kinsella hears a voice telling him to build a baseball field in his Iowa cornfield, and what happens next explores the themes of lost dreams, childhood heroes, and healing the pain of the past. The 1989 movie adherest W. P. Kinsella's 1982 original, Shoeless Joe, but cuts out some extra characters.
1. Which is the best choice for a person who loves math
A. Hidden Figures. B. Forrest Gump.
C. The Girl on the Train. D. Field of Dreams.
2. Who has won the Academy Award for Best Actor according to the text
A. Tom Hanks. B. Winston Groom.
C. Kevin Costner. D. W.P. Kinsella.
3. What is special about Field of Dreams
A. It is a romantic comedy. B. It presents several themes.
C. It shows all the figures in Shoeless Joe. D. It was released in 1982 for the first time.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四部根据文学作品改变的著名影片。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hidden Figures中“This film told the story of real-life Katherine Johnson and other female African-American mathematicians who helped drive the United States into space in the 1960s.( 这部电影讲述了真实的凯瑟琳·约翰逊和其他非洲裔女性数学家的故事，她们在20世纪60年代帮助美国进入太空。)”可知，Hidden Figures讲述了真实的凯瑟琳·约翰逊和其他非洲裔女性数学家的故事，所以喜欢数学的人可以选择这部电影。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Forrest Gump中“The 1994 movie which was based on the book by Winston Groom won six Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor for the star Tom Hanks. (这部1994年根据温斯顿·格鲁姆的小说改编的电影获得了六项奥斯卡奖，包括最佳影片和影星汤姆·汉克斯的最佳男演员奖。)”可知，Tom Hanks赢得了奥斯卡最佳男主角。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段It’s hard to describe the plot of this movie: Ray Kinsella hears a voice telling him to build a baseball field in his Iowa cornfield, and what happens next explores the themes of lost dreams, childhood heroes, and healing the pain of the past.( 这部电影的情节很难描述: Ray Kinsella听到一个声音告诉他要在爱荷华州的玉米田里建造一个棒球场，接下来发生的事情探讨了失落的梦想、童年英雄和治愈过去痛苦的主题。)可知，电影 Field of Dreams探讨了失落的梦想、童年英雄和治愈过去痛苦的主题，由此可知，这部电影有好几个主题。故选B。
B
Kwane Stewart stepped outside a convenience store and spotted a homeless man with a small dog sitting in the lap. Stewart, a vet at an animal shelter, noticed its scratched-off furs—signs of an allergic reaction to fleas(跳蚤). He approached the man and offered to bring flea medications for the dog’s skin, a gift the man readily accepted. “I remember returning a week later, and the hair was coming back, the red spots on its skin were gone,” Stewart told the Modesto Bee. The man said his dog was no longer staying up scratching and was sleeping well. “‘And you know,’ he said, ‘I’m sleeping at night.’ He started to cry, and that got me choked up too,” Stewart said. Stewart was hooked. “When you give back, there is something you get in return that feels much larger. I knew I wanted to keep doing it,” he told .
Today, Stewart, 50, has his own practice in town, yet he still finds time for street pets. He’s helped roughly 400 animals since 2011, mostly dogs but also a few cats.
There’s a strong need for his kind of help. About 25 percent of Modesto’s homeless population own a pet, but there are few health-care options available to them. To fill that void, Stewart, using his free time, wanders dark alleyways and underpasses, anywhere he thinks the homeless might be camped out. He carries his medical bag, which contains treatments—vaccines, antibiotics, flea medications, and more. Stewart pays for almost all of it out of his own pocket.
For those expensive procedures, he setup a Go Fund Me account to provide enough money for treatment. “I don’t ever want to have to turn anybody away,” he explains.
He knows there are some people who question whether the homeless should even have pets. How can they care for them on the street Stewart told the Bee, “I think that more than anybody, they need a pet. They love their pets probably more than the average person.”
4. What did Stewart do for the homeless man’s dog
A. He brought some medicine to it. B. He sent a unique gift to it.
C. He cured its allergy to dust. D. He scratched it to help it sleep well.
5. What does the underlined word “void” mean in Paragraph 3
A. Time. B. Gap. C. Desire D. Choice.
6. Why does Stewart setup Go Fund Me for sick dogs
A. To give free medical treatment. B. To offer a comfortable shelter.
C. To pay the cost of healthcare. D. To provide care and adoption.
7. Which of the following is a suitable title of the text
A. The Homeless Dogs B. Go Fund Me
C. Animal Shelters D. A Street Vet
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了兽医Kwan e Stewart如何帮助街上无家可归之人的宠物的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“He approached the man and offered to bring flea medications for the dog’s skin, a gift the man readily accepted.(他走近那个男人，主动提出给他带来治疗狗皮肤跳蚤的药物，那个男人欣然接受了这个礼物)”可知，他带去的是药，治疗了狗对跳蚤的过敏。故选A。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句“...but there are few health-care options available to them(但他们几乎没有医疗选择)”可知无家可归的人们没有什么治疗机构可供他们选择去治疗生病的宠物。于是Stewart为了填补那种空白，利用自己空闲时间，去到城市的小巷和地下通道，治疗一些生病的宠物，由此可知，划线单词void的意思是“空白”，与B项“Gap.(空白)”意思一样。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“For those expensive procedures, he setup a Go Fund Me account to provide enough money for treatment.(对于这些昂贵的程序，他设置了一个Go Fund Me帐户，以提供足够的钱治疗)”可知，创建Go Fund Me为了提供钱给生病的宠物治疗。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，整个文章都是在讲述兽医Kwan e Stewart如何帮助街上无家可归之人的宠物的故事。D项“一个街道兽医”适合做文章标题，故选D。
One New Year’s Day, ecologist Rob Wolton came up with an unusual resolution—to spend the next 12 months studying a hedge(树篱) 40 metres from his house in the middle of Devon. He wanted to make a list of every plant, animal and fungus(真菌)that used it. After a year of observations he had found 2, 000 species—far more than he imagined. Wolton says he enjoyed it hugely and his findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that hedges should not be overlooked.
“There is increasing recognition that much of the wildlife finds shelter in the hedges. But they’re much more than just wildlife passages—they are really important as habitats in their own right,” he says. The European commission’s Joint Research Centre recently argued that as the climate crisis worsens, hedges are expected to play more roles as they move in response to environmental change. Their deep roots help sequester carbon(固碳), and they also reduce the likelihood of flooding downstream, suck nutrients and pollutants out of water, and prevent soil loss. Alongside these functions, there is a cultural benefit to hedges too—I think lots of us who live in England think of the hedge landscape as being quite typical, says Wolton.
After the Second World War many hedges were removed to create more productive land. Only about one in three hedges in England are in good condition, according to the most recent research done in 2017.
The main issues are hedges being cut too severely and too frequently, which leads to loss of wildlife and gaps. A squirrel, for example, will turnaround if there is a gap of five metres. New hedges are being planted with single species, instead of many, which decrease the wildlife they can support.
It’s hard to say if interest in hedges will translate into action on a national scale，and much depends on what landscape features Environmental Land Management scheme.
8. What is the significance of Wolton’s study of the hedge
A. It makes Wolton’s resolution come true.
B. It shows Wolton’s fondness of the hedge.
C. It indicates the important role of the hedge.
D. It points out the number of animals and plants.
9. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A Hedges provide home for wildlife.
B. Hedges are used to fight climate crisis.
C. Hedges area typical symbol of England.
D. Hedges have advantages in different aspects.
10. Why does the author mention “A squirrel” in Paragraph 4
A. To show the diversity of wildlife in hedges.
B. To explain the bad effect of gaps in hedges.
C. To call for more species of plants in hedges.
D. To present what the loss of wildlife is like.
11. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. The favorable policy on hedges is undecided.
B. Public attention in hedges will be intensified.
C. A national scale protection is soon underway.
D. Environmental Land Management will fund hedges.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了树篱的主要作用和树篱的相关保护。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Wolton says he enjoyed it hugely and his findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that hedges should not be overlooked.(沃尔顿表示，他非常喜欢这样做，他的发现为越来越多的证据提供了证据，证明 树篱不应被忽视)”可知， 树篱的重要作用不可忽视。故选C。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段““There is increasing recognition that much of the wildlife finds shelter in the hedges. But they’re much more than just wildlife passages—they are really important as habitats in their own right,” he says. The European commission’s Joint Research Centre recently argued that as the climate crisis worsens, hedges are expected to play more roles as they move in response to environmental change. Their deep roots help sequester carbon(固碳), and they also reduce the likelihood of flooding downstream, suck nutrients and pollutants out of water, and prevent soil loss. Alongside these functions, there is a cultural benefit to hedges too—I think lots of us who live in England think of the hedge landscape as being quite typical, says Wolton.(“人们越来越认识到，许多野生动物在树篱中找到了避难所。但它们不仅仅是野生动物通道——它们本身就是非常重要的栖息地，”他说。欧盟委员会联合研究中心(European commission’s Joint Research Centre)最近指出，随着气候危机的恶化，树篱有望在应对环境变化的过程中发挥更大的作用。它们的深根有助于固碳，还可以减少下游洪水的可能性，从水中吸收营养物质和污染物，防止土壤流失。除了这些功能，树篱还有文化上的好处——我想我们许多住在英国的人都认为树篱景观很典型，沃尔顿说)”可知，本段讲述了树篱在提供野生动物庇护所、对抗气候变化和文化意义上均有一定作用。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“The main issues are hedges being cut too severely and too frequently, which leads to loss of wildlife and gaps. A squirrel, for example, will turn around if there is a gap of five metres.(主要问题是树篱被砍伐得过于严重和频繁，这导致野生动物损失和缺口。例如，如果有五米的空隙，松鼠就会转身)”可知树篱被砍对于野生动物的生存产生负面影响。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s hard to say if interest in hedges will translate into action on a national scale, and much depends on what landscape features Environmental Land Management scheme.(很难说对树篱的兴趣是否会转化为全国范围内的行动，这在很大程度上取决于环境土地管理计划的景观特征)”可知政策尚未敲定。故选A.
D
Did you know roughly one third of food for human consumption goes to waste Most of it is fresh fruits and vegetables that go bad. The produce dries out or goes bad, which has led scientists to develop ways of coating or sealing the food to keep it fresher for longer. Now research at Rice University reveals there might be a better way.
Scientists discovered that dipping produce like strawberries and bananas into an egg-based was his remarkably good for preserving it. The coating is extremely thick, and made from a mixture of powdered egg whites and yolks(70%), and some wood-sourced cellulose(纤维素) to act as a barrier preventing water loss.
What the scientists found was that the egg-based wash made a significant difference in helping produce stay fresh over a two-week observation period. The appearance of the coated fruits and vegetables didn’t change much, while the uncoated produce ripened and even rotted within the same timeframe. The egg-based coating, as it turned out, reduced each fruit’s chance to get exposed to oxygen.
The non-poisonous coating was found to be flexible and tests showed that it was just as tough as other products， including synthetic films(合成膜), used in produce packaging. For anyone with an egg allergy, the coating can be removed by thorough washing in water and is tasteless.
The scientists hope this could be a breakthrough in the fight against food waste. “Reducing food shortages in ways that are not related to genetic modification, uneatable coatings or chemical additives is important for better sustainable living,” said materials scientist and study author Pulickel Ajayan.
What’s great about this discovery is that it fights food waste in more than one way: even the coating was made from eggs that would otherwise have been thrown away because they weren’t fit for consumption. The researchers said roughly 200 million of US produced eggs go to waste annually. So if this were scaled up, it could be a win-win situation all around.
12. How does the egg-based wash help keep food fresh
A. By making its coating less thick. B. By limiting its oxygen exposure.
C. By removing its cellulose slowly. D. By improving its absorbent ability.
13. Why is Pulickel Ajayan mentioned in the text
A. To stress the seriousness of food shortage. B. To show the significance of the discovery.
C. To offer the method of cutting food waste. D. To give brief description of the research.
14. What is the researchers’ attitude towards the application of this discovery
A. Optimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Cautious. D. In different.
15. What is the text mainly about
A. How to use eggs creatively. B. A breakthrough in technology.
C. How to recycle food waste. D. A new way to preserve food.
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。面对全球的食物浪费问题，科学家们提出可以将农产品浸泡在以鸡蛋为原料的洗涤液中进行保存。本文介绍了这一方法的发现过程及发现的重要意义。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The egg-based coating, as it turned out, reduced each fruit’s chance to get exposed to oxygen.(事实证明，这种以鸡蛋为基础的涂层减少了每个水果接触氧气的机会)”可知，以鸡蛋为基础的外壳减少了水果暴露在氧气中的机率，故选B。
13题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The scientists hope this could be a breakthrough in the fight against food waste. “Reducing food shortages in ways that are not related to genetic modification, uneatable coatings or chemical additives is important for better sustainable living,” said materials scientist and study author Pulickel Ajayan.(科学家们希望这能成为对抗食物浪费的一个突破。材料科学家兼研究作者Pulickel Ajayan说：“以与转基因、不可食用涂层或化学添加剂无关的方式减少粮食短缺，对更好的可持续生活很重要。”)”可推知，提到并引用Pulickel Ajayan的话，旨在说明该发现的意义。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一句“So if this were scaled up, it could be a win-win situation all around.(因此，如果扩大规模，这可能是一个双赢的局面)”可推断出研究者对于这一发现的应用前景是持乐观态度的，故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Scientists discovered that dipping produce like strawberries and bananas into an egg-based was his remarkably good for preserving it.(科学家们发现，将草莓和香蕉等农产品浸入鸡蛋中，可以非常有效地保存它们)”结合面对全球的食物浪费问题，科学家们提出可以将农产品浸泡在以鸡蛋为原料的洗涤液中进行保存。本文介绍了这一方法的发现过程及发现的重要意义。可得出，这篇文章主要讲述了科学家们发现了一种保存食物的新方法。故选D。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Covid-19 pandemic has forced millions of us to participate in one of the biggest social experiments of our time: what would happen if office workers largely abandoned their workplaces and began working from home ___16___
One thing seems clear: more people working remotely has brought some benefits for the environment. Wildlife has be enable to reclaim urban spaces while people have been tapping away at their home keyboards, with less commuter (通勤者) traffic.
_____17_____The major benefits of home working include people having more flexibility to do jobs around their family, and balance exercise and leisure time, thus being able to wear whatever they like, controlling their own heating and lighting and not having to commute.
Many people have also been able to get more done while working remotely._____18_____ “There used to be a lot of resistance to working from home because managers thought employees would just go of off and watch soap operas, but there’s a lot more trust now,” says Sue Williamson at the University of New South Wales in Canberra, Australia.
_____19_____Many people forced to work from home have reported feeling isolated and finding it harder to switch off due to the unclear boundary between work and home life._____20_____This is probably because it’s hard to get those accidental conversations between people that spark ideas when everyone is physically separated.
As vaccines help to control Covid-19, many organizations are hoping to reap the best of both worlds by letting employees work from home on some days and travel to the office on others.
A. But what about the benefits to people
B. More than 2 years in, it is time to reflect.
C. After a severe period, there is no turning back.
D. However, the experiment hasn’t been all positive.
E. It is time to reset and rethink how we actually work.
F. Many managers have also reported declines in innovation.
G. The productivity level is found to rise as they work from home.
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. D 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了新冠疫情背景下人们居家工作的优点和缺点。
【16题详解】
上文“The Covid-19 pandemic has forced millions of us to participate in one of the biggest social experiments of our time: what would happen if office workers largely abandoned their workplaces and began working from home (2019冠状病毒疾病大流行迫使我们数百万人参与当代最大的社会实验之一：如果办公室职员基本上放弃工作，开始在家工作，会发生什么？)”提出问题——如果办公室职员基本上放弃工作，开始在家工作，会发生什么，B项“两年多来，是时候反思了。”承接上文，指出我们就此应该想一想该如何做，同时为下文问题的进一步分析做出了铺垫，故选B。
【17题详解】
本空为本段概括句，第二段“One thing seems clear: more people working remotely has brought some benefits for the environment.(有一件事似乎很清楚：更多的人远程工作已经为环境带来了一些好处)”指出了居家办公对环境的好处，下文“The major benefits of home working include people having more flexibility to do jobs around their family， and balance exercise and leisure time, thus being able to wear whatever they like, controlling their own heating and lighting and not having to commute.(在家工作的主要好处包括，人们可以更灵活地围着家人做工作，平衡运动和休闲时间，从而可以穿自己喜欢的衣服，控制自己的暖气和照明，而不必通勤)”指出了居家办公对人的好处，A项“但是对人们有什么好处呢？”符合，故选A。
【18题详解】
上文“Many people have also been able to get more done while working remotely.(许多人也能够在远程工作的同时完成更多的工作)”说明居家办公工作效率会提高，G项“他们在家工作，生产力水平也随之提高”符合语境，故选G。
【19题详解】
上文讨论了居家办公的好处，下文“Many people forced to work from home have reported feeling isolated and finding it harder to switch off due to the unclear boundary between work and home life.(许多被迫在家工作的人表示，由于工作和家庭生活之间的界限不明确，他们感到孤立无援，更难关掉工作)”介绍了居家办公的不足和难处，由此可知，空处和上文是转折关系，D项“然而，这次尝试并不都是积极的”符合，故选D。
【20题详解】
上文“Many people forced to work from home have reported feeling isolated and finding it harder to switch off due to the unclear boundary between work and home life.(许多被迫在家工作的人表示，由于工作和家庭生活之间的界限不明确，他们感到孤立无援，更难停止工作)”介绍了居家办公的不足和难处，空处承接上文，也是介绍其不足，F项“许多管理者也报告了创新的下降”符合语境，引出下文“This is probably because it’s hard to get those accidental conversations between people that spark ideas when everyone is physically separated.(这可能是因为当每个人都分开时，很难在人与人之间进行那些偶然的对话，从而激发想法)”。故选F。
第二部分 升级阅读(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
One Earth Award
About this award
Sponsored by the One Earth Fund, the One Earth Award offers $1,000 scholarships for four students whose works address the pressing issue of human-caused climate change.
Why should I create art or writing about climate change
Some consequences of climate change include: sea-level rise, increase in air pollution, hurricane, droughts, extreme weather, and rising temperatures, among others. Your work can advance our thoughts about climate change and our understanding of solutions. It can also improve awareness of actions that we can take, in order to reduce the harm that human action has on our environment.
How do I apply
Enter your work to any category in the Scholastic Art & Writing Awards. When selecting the category of your work, choose the One Earth Award. You will be required to include a personal statement on your work.
What should I write for the personal statement
Your personal statement should be 50 words or more and answer the following questions:
What specific aspect of climate change does your work address
What is your personal connection to this aspect of climate change, and why do you think talking about climate change is important
Getting started on your work
These resources can help you learn about climate change and create your own art and writing about it.
Consider how poets talk about climate change with the Poetry Foundation.
Explore visual art activities and writing activities from the Teacher’s Climate Guide.
Try writing exercises developed by English Teachers Concerned about Climate Crisis.
21. What is the first thing to do to get the One Earth Award
A. Choosing the One Earth Award.
B. Contacting the One Earth Fund.
C. Presenting the personal statement.
D. Visiting the Scholastic Art & Writing Awards.
22. What should be included about climate change in your personal statement
A. What action you will take. B. What you are concerned about.
C. Why your work is important. D. What suggestion you will make.
23. Which part of the text intends to provide help in finishing your work
A. How do I apply
B. About this award
C. Getting started on your work
D. What should I write for the personal statement
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍“一个地球”这个奖项以及申请这个奖项所需要的程序。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据How do I apply 中的“When selecting the category of your work, choose the One Earth Award. (在选择作品类别时，请选择“一个地球”奖。)”可知，获得“一个地球”奖的第一件事是选择“一个地球”奖。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据What should I write for the personal statement 中的“What specific aspect of climate change does your work address What is your personal connection to this aspect of climate change, and why do you think talking about climate change is important (你的工作涉及气候变化的哪个方面 你个人对气候变化的看法是什么 为什么你认为谈论气候变化很重要 )”可知，个人陈述应该包括你所关心的内容。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Getting started on your work中的“These resources can help you learn about climate change and create your own art and writing about it. (这些资源可以帮助你了解气候变化，并创造自己的艺术和写作。)”可知，“开始你的工作”这一部分是帮助你完成工作的。故选C。
B
Lunch hour is crazy at SAME Café, the restaurant my husband, Brad, and I run in Denver.
One day a woman dressed in a business outfit (套装) stepped in. “Hi, Libby.” she said. I recognized her. The first time she came two years ago, she had no money to pay for a meal. No problem. Like many customers, she volunteered to work. After her meal, she washed dishes. Look at her now. I stole a glance at Brad, in the kitchen. Wasn’t this what we’d hoped for
In 2015, on a flight home from Texas, we’d hatched this crazy dream. We’d both done a lot of volunteering at soup kitchens. It was something we felt called to do, feeding the poor.
“I wish we could start our own place,” I said. “No cash register (收银机). Just a donation box on the counter.”
“Why don’t we ” Brad said.
It would be a charity, but we didn’t want our diners to think of it as a charity. “If they can’t pay.” Brad said, “they can help wash dishes or sweep the floor. We must treat people with dignity.”
Our first customer was a woman in her forties. She told me she was recently divorced and she and her two kids had no place of their own. “Could I have a salad ” she asked. I brought her a plate of greens with fresh fruit and nuts. Her eyes grew wide. “These are the first fresh vegetables I’ve had in four months,” she exclaimed. That alone made our struggles to open the café worth it.
SAME is short for our belief: So All May Eat. Customers came for Brad’s cooking. But they also liked what our café stood for.
“What do I owe you ” one customer asked. “Whatever you think the meal’s worth,” I said, “and whatever you can afford.” Most customers gave what they could, even if it was just a dollar.
Something was different about the woman that day. Something besides her outfit. She stopped at the counter and ordered greens with sun-dried tomatoes, and a ham and pineapple pizza
“I have something to tell you.” she said. “The last time I was here, I started talking to a woman I’d met here before. She said. ‘There’s an opening in my office. Why don’t you come in and apply ” I did—I got the job!” I knew what was different about her—confidence.
She opened her purse. “I can pay now. How can I ever thank you ”
“You just did,” I said.
24. What did the author and her husband do at soup kitchens in Texas
A. They learned how to cook. B. They helped feed the hungry.
C. They trained the volunteers. D. They made a living there.
25. Which of the following best explains the underlined part “with dignity”
A. With respect. B. With pity. C. With care. D. With effort
26. What is special about SAME Café
A. Customers can pay as they like. B. Customers needn’t pay for a meal.
C. Customers help with charity work. D. Customers get paid for what they do.
27. What did the author really mean when she said “You just did”
A. The woman paid for her meal.
B. The woman expressed her thanks.
C. The woman helped to wash dishes.
D. The woman gave her what she had hoped for.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. A 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和丈夫在丹佛经营的SAME Café，这是一家慈善餐厅，顾客可以根据自己的能力自愿支付餐费或者帮忙做些力所能及的事情。文章通过一个女顾客的故事，展示了SAME Café的意义和影响，同时也表达了作者和丈夫的慈善理念和初衷。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“We’d both done a lot of volunteering at soup kitchens. It was something we felt called to do, feeding the poor.(我们都在施粥处做过很多志愿工作。这是我们觉得有责任去做的事，帮助穷人。)”可知，作者和她的丈夫在德克萨斯州的施粥处帮助喂饱饥饿的人。故选B。
【25题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“It would be a charity, but we didn’t want our diners to think of it as a charity. “If they can’t pay.” Brad said, “they can help wash dishes or sweep the floor.( 这是一项慈善事业，但我们不想让我们的食客认为这是一项慈善事业。“如果他们付不起钱的话。”布拉德说：“他们可以帮忙洗碗或扫地。)”可知，开这家餐厅，虽然是慈善事业，但是作者夫妇并不想让人感觉这是一种施舍，如就餐者无力支付，就让他们做一些洗完、拖地板之类的事，使他们感觉到这顿饭是靠自己工作换来的，即表明他们应该受到尊重，故划线词的意思是“尊敬地”。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第五段中““What do I owe you ” one customer asked. “Whatever you think the meal’s worth,” I said, “and whatever you can afford.” Most customers gave what they could, even if it was just a dollar.(“我向你支付什么？”一位顾客问道。“不管你认为这顿饭值多少钱，”我说，“只要你能负担得起。”大多数顾客都会尽其所能，哪怕只是一美元。)”可知，该参观的特殊的地方在于顾客可以按自己喜欢的方式付款，即顾客认为这顿餐食价值多少就可以支付多少。故选A。
【27题详解】
词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段和第一段中“She opened her purse. “I can pay now. How can I ever thank you ”(她打开钱包。“我现在可以付钱了。我该怎么感谢你才好呢 ”)”和““You just did,” I said.(你已经做了，)”以及倒数第三段中““I have something to tell you.” she said. “The last time I was here, I started talking to a woman I’d met here before. She said. ‘There’s an opening in my office. Why don’t you come in and apply ” I did—I got the job!” I knew what was different about her—confidence.( “我有事要告诉你。她说。“上次我来这里的时候，我开始和一个以前在这里见过的女人说话。她说。“我的办公室有个空缺。你为什么不来申请呢 ”我——我得到了那份工作！”我知道她与众不同的地方——自信。)”可知，作者夫妇开这家餐馆的目的是帮助那些生活困难的穷人，作者曾经帮助过的这位妇女的生活命运和精神面貌的改变，即该妇女充满了自信，这让作者与丈夫开餐馆的初衷得以实现，故在她看来这是最好的感谢，即那个女人给了作者所希望的。故选D。
C
When drawing scientists. U. S. children now depict (描画) female scientists more often than ever, according to new Northwestern University research, which has analyzed five decades of “Draw-A-Scientist” studies conducted since the 1960s.
This change suggests that children’s stereotypes (刻板印象) linking science with men have weakened over time, said the researchers, consistent with more women becoming scientists and children’s media depicting more female scientists on television shows and other media.
In the first study, conducted between 1968 and 1979, less than one percent of 5,000 children drew an image resembling a woman when asked to draw a scientist. Almost all their artwork depicted men working with laboratory equipment, often with lab coats, glasses and facial hair.
But in later studies (1988 to 2019), 28 percent of children drew a female scientist, on average. In addition, both girls and boys drew female scientists more often over time, though girls overall drew female scientists much more often than boys.
“Our results suggest that children’s stereotypes change as women’s and men’s roles change in society.” said study lead author David Miller. “Children still draw more male than female scientists, but that is expected because women remain a minority in several science fields.”
The researchers also studied how children form stereotypes about scientists across child development. The results suggested children did not associate science with men until grade school; around age 5, they drew roughly equal percentages of male and female scientists. During elementary and middle school, the tendency to draw male scientists increased strongly with age. Older children were also more likely to draw scientists with lab coats and glasses, suggesting that children learn other stereotypes as they mature.
“These changes across children’s age likely reflect that children’s exposure to male scientists accumulates during development, even in recent years.” said Miller.
“To build on cultural changes, teachers and parents should present children with multiple examples of female scientists across many contexts such as science courses, television shows and informal conversations,” Miller said.
28. What is the change in children drawing scientists
A. Children draw more male scientists.
B. Children draw more female scientists.
C. Girls draw more scientists than boys.
D. Children draw more female than male scientists.
29. What does Miller think of children drawing more male scientists than female scientists
A. It’s not surprising. B. It’s not reasonable.
C. It’s unexpected. D. It’s not acceptable.
30. What does paragraph 6 mainly talk about
A. How children develop their drawings.
B. How children’s stereotypes change with age.
C. Why children draw more male scientists.
D. What scientists look like in children’s drawings.
31. According to Miller, how can we make children draw more female scientists
A. By encouraging children to attend science courses.
B. By encouraging children to become scientists in the future.
C. By giving children an example of drawing female scientists.
D. By making female scientists known to children in various situations.
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，当孩子们画科学家的时候，美国儿童现在比以往任何时候都更经常描绘女科学家。这种转变说明了儿童将科学与男性联系在一起的刻板印象已经减弱。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据首段首句“When drawing scientists. U. S. children now depict (描画) female scientists more often than ever, according to new Northwestern University research, which has analyzed five decades of “Draw-A-Scientist” studies conducted since the 1960s. (美国西北大学的一项新研究分析了自20世纪60年代以来50年来进行的“画一个科学家”研究，结果显示，当画科学家的时候，美国儿童现在比以往任何时候都更经常描绘女科学家。)”可知，孩子们会画更多的女性科学家。故选B。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段末句“ “Children still draw more male than female scientists, but that is expected because women remain a minority in several science fields.” (“与女科学家相比，儿童仍然画更多的男性科学家，但这是意料之中的，因为女性在一些科学领域仍然是少数。”)”可知，米勒认为孩子们画的男科学家比女科学家多是意料之中的事。故选A。
【30题详解】
段落大意题。根据第六段首句“The researchers also studied how children form stereotypes about scientists across child development. (研究人员还研究了儿童在整个发展过程中如何形成对科学家的刻板印象。)”可知，本段主要讲述了随着儿童的成长，他们对科学家的刻板印象的如何形成的。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据末段““To build on cultural changes, teachers and parents should present children with multiple examples of female scientists across many contexts such as science courses, television shows and informal conversations,” Miller said. (米勒说：“为了促进文化变革，教师和家长应该在科学课程、电视节目和非正式谈话等多种背景下向孩子们展示女科学家的多个例子。”)”可知，米勒建议通过让孩子们在各种情况下认识女科学家的方法让孩子们画更多女科学家。故选D。
D
Chinese speakers have got a new thing to be proud of. The language they are speaking is more difficult than English.
Understanding Chinese requires both sides of the brain, but English speakers listen with only half their minds on the job, UK scientists say.
UK psychologist Sophie Scott and researchers from hospitals in Oxford and London performed brain scans on volunteers as they listened to their native languages. When English speakers heard the sound of their language, the left parts of their brains lit up on screen. When Chinese speakers heard their native tongue, there was an action in both the right and left sides.
“We were very surprised to discover that people who speak different sorts of languages use their brains to decode speech in different ways.” said Scott.
The left side is normally connected with putting sounds together into words; the right with processing melody (音调) in music and speech, so this part “lights up” when English speakers hear music. The researchers do not yet know whether the right side is active in English speakers when they hear Chinese.
In Chinese, a different intonation (语调) delivers a different meaning, the syllable (音节) “ma”, for instance, can mean mother, hemp (麻), horse or scold according to its musical sound.
“Speech really is a complex sound,” said Scott. “As well as understanding words, the brain uses the way in which words are spoken, such as intonation and melody, to turn spoken language into meaning.”
“We think Chinese speakers interpret intonation and melody in the right sides of their brains to give correct meaning to the spoken words.”
The study suggests that language itself might affect the way the brain develops in a young child It could explain why native speakers of English find it so extraordinary hard to learn Chinese.
32. What does the underlined “volunteers” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Chinese speakers. B. English speakers.
C. People who speak different languages. D. Researchers and Chinese and English speakers.
33. Which can best explain why understanding Chinese requires both sides of the brain
A. Music. B. Meanings.
C. Intonation and melody. D. The way the brain develops.
34. Why do native English speakers find it hard to learn Chinese
A. The left sides of their brains are not used for language.
B. They can hardly understand words when there is music.
C. The right sides of their brains are never used in childhood.
D. They can hardly understand words in the right side of the brain.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. How the Brain Responds to Music
B. How the Brain Responds to Chinese
C. The Brain Responds to Languages Differently
D. The Two Sides of the Brain Work Differently
【答案】32. C 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。英国科学家称，理解中文需要左右脑，但说英语的人在听中文时只用了一半的大脑。这可以解释为什么英语为母语的人觉得学中文特别难。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“UK psychologist Sophie Scott and researchers from hospitals in Oxford and London performed brain scans on volunteers as they listened to their native languages. When English speakers heard the sound of their language, the left parts of their brains lit up on screen. When Chinese speakers heard their native tongue, there was an action in both the right and left sides. (英国心理学家索菲·斯科特和来自牛津和伦敦医院的研究人员在volunteers听母语时对他们进行了脑部扫描。当说英语的人听到自己语言的声音时，他们大脑的左侧在屏幕上亮了起来。当说汉语的人听到母语时，左右两侧都有动作)”可知，划线词指代的是“English speakers”和“Chinese speakers”，也即是，说不同语言的人。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段首句“The left side is normally connected with putting sounds together into words; the right with processing melody (音调) in music and speech, so this part “lights up” when English speakers hear music. (左脑通常负责将声音组合成单词；右脑负责处理音乐和语音中的旋律，所以当说英语的人听到音乐时，这部分就会“亮起来”)”以及第八段“We think Chinese speakers interpret intonation and melody in the right sides of their brains to give correct meaning to the spoken words.(我们认为说汉语的人在他们大脑的右半部分解读语调和旋律，从而赋予口语正确的含义)”可知，左右脑负责不同的任务，说汉语的人在他们大脑的右半部分解读语调和旋律，从而赋予口语正确的含义。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Understanding Chinese requires both sides of the brain, but English speakers listen with only half their minds on the job, UK scientists say. (英国科学家称，理解中文需要左右脑，但说英语的人在听中文时只用了一半的大脑)”以及末段“The study suggests that language itself might affect the way the brain develops in a young child. It could explain why native speakers of English find it so extraordinary hard to learn Chinese. (该研究表明，语言本身可能会影响幼儿大脑的发育方式。这可以解释为什么英语为母语的人觉得学中文特别难)”可知，说英语的人只是用了大脑的一半，所以当他们学汉语时，需要用左右脑。由此推知，他们他们几乎不能理解右脑的单词。故选D。
35题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段“Understanding Chinese requires both sides of the brain, but English speakers listen with only half their minds on the job, UK scientists say. (英国科学家称，理解中文需要左右脑，但说英语的人在听中文时只用了一半的大脑)”可知，说不同的语言时，大脑对语言的反应不同。故选C。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Blood: Water Mission
Blood: Water Mission is founded by the Grammy Award-winning band, Jars of Clay. ____36____ And Blood: Water Mission is one of them with a mission to help communities to fight against the HIV/AIDS and water crisis.
____37____ So Blood: Water Mission has launched the 1,000 Wells Project as a nationwide movement to raise enough money to provide clean water to 1,000 communities in Africa based on the equation (公式) that $1 provides one African with clean water for an entire year. ____38____ It includes a variety of clean water solutions and sanitation (卫生) training, as well as funding health clinics, which help in the prevention, treatment, care and support of communities affected by AIDS.
The results of our efforts paint a new picture in these communities. There has been a remarkable improvement in the water situation and community health. ____39____ Women and children no longer walk several miles a day to get water. Village leaders have the resources and training to bring sanitation and healthcare into their communities. Water-related diseases have disappeared. Those with AIDS are living longer lives.
____40____ In the process, we learn about how AIDS affects African communities. By connecting with the people in Africa, we are developing social responsibility. In the meanwhile, Blood: Water Mission’s movement engages Americans in social justice and thoughtful action.
It’s a beautiful story. We invite you to be a small part of a larger, beautiful story.
A. Clean water wells have been built.
B. Most children get the opportunity to go to school.
C. There is a vital link between HIV/AIDS and clean water.
D. Meanwhile, the 1,000 Wells Project has expanded along the way.
E. Blood: Water Mission has also created social effects in the United States.
F. Blood: Water Mission has developed a close friendship with these communities.
G. There are many projects providing much-needed assistance to African communities.
【答案】36. G 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了公益组织Blood: Water Mission帮助社区抗击艾滋病毒/艾滋病和水危机的使命、行动和效应，号召读者参与其中书写美好的故事。
【36题详解】
前文“Blood: Water Mission is founded by the Grammy Award-winning band, Jars of Clay. (Blood: Water Mission是由格莱美获奖乐队Jars of Clay创立的。)”介绍Blood: Water Mission组织的由来，后文“And Blood: Water Mission is one of them with a mission to help communities to fight against the HIV/AIDS and water crisis. (Blood: Water Mission就是其中之一，其使命是帮助社区抗击艾滋病毒/艾滋病和水危机。)”介绍该组织的使命，G项“There are many projects providing much-needed assistance to African communities. (有许多项目为非洲社区提供急需的援助。)”符合语境，承上启下，引出后文该组织的使命，其中的many projects是后文them指代的对象。故选G。
【37题详解】
空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。后文“So Blood: Water Mission has launched the 1,000 Wells Project as a nationwide movement to raise enough money to provide clean water to 1,000 communities in Africa based on the equation (公式) that $1 provides one African with clean water for an entire year. (因此，Blood: Water Mission组织发起了1000口水井项目，这是一项全国性的运动，旨在筹集足够的资金，为非洲的1000个社区提供清洁水，其基础是1美元可以为一个非洲人提供一整年的清洁水。)”具体介绍该组织的1000口水井项目，C项“There is a vital link between HIV/AIDS and clean water. (艾滋病毒/艾滋病与清洁水之间有着至关重要的联系。)”符合语境，说明艾滋病毒/艾滋病与清洁水之间的联系，是后文1000口水井项目发起的原因。故选C。
【38题详解】
后文“It includes a variety of clean water solutions and sanitation (卫生) training, as well as funding health clinics, which help in the prevention, treatment, care and support of communities affected by AIDS. (它包括各种清洁水解决方案和卫生培训，以及资助保健诊所，这些诊所有助于预防、治疗、护理和支持受艾滋病影响的社区。)”具体介绍该组织进行的各种活动，D项“Meanwhile, the 1,000 Wells Project has expanded along the way. (与此同时，1000口井项目也在不断扩大。)”符合语境，说明1000口井项目在扩大，引出后文的各种活动，其中的the 1,000 Wells Project是后文It指代的对象。故选D。
【39题详解】
前文“The results of our efforts paint a new picture in these communities. There has been a remarkable improvement in the water situation and community health. (我们努力的结果为这些社区描绘了一幅新的图景。水状况和社区卫生有了显著改善。)”说明该项目取得了成果，开始介绍水状况和社区卫生两方面的效果，后文“Women and children no longer walk several miles a day to get water. (妇女和儿童不再需要每天步行数英里去取水。)”描述妇女和儿童取水变得容易，A项“Clean water wells have been built. (清洁水井已经建成。)”符合语境，承上启下，后文取水的便捷得益于清洁水井建成。故选A。
【40题详解】
空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。后文“In the process, we learn about how AIDS affects African communities. By connecting with the people in Africa, we are developing social responsibility. In the meanwhile, Blood: Water Mission’s movement engages Americans in social justice and thoughtful action. (在这个过程中，我们了解到艾滋病是如何影响非洲社区的。通过与非洲人民的联系，我们正在发展社会责任。与此同时，Blood: Water Mission的运动让美国人参与到社会正义和深思熟虑的行动中来。)”具体分析该组织的运动的社会影响，E项“Blood: Water Mission has also created social effects in the United States. (Blood: Water Mission在美国也产生了社会效应。)”符合语境，点明该组织的社会效应，可引出后文内容。故选E。2023 年高中英语学科知识竞赛
时量：90 分钟 满分：100 分
第一部分 初级阅读(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
You know that classics like Little Women and To Kill a Mockingbird started as novels. But you probably didn't know that these other famous movies also came from books.
Hidden Figures
This film told the story of real-life Katherine Johnson and other female African-American mathematicians who helped drive the United States into space in the 1960s. It was actually based on a 2016 nonfiction book and the movie did boost sales of the book.
Forrest Gump
The 1994 movie which was based on the book by Winston Groom won six Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor for the star Tom Hanks. Although the movie's critical and box-office success gave the book a huge boost, it's the film that made its mark on pop culture history.
The Girl on the Train
Paula Hawkin's psychological thriller, about a woman on a train who thinks she sees something strange out of the window, was a huge success. But unlike the fast-paced, can't-be-put-down quality of the novel, the movie was boring.
Field of Dreams
It’s hard to describe the plot of this movie: Ray Kinsella hears a voice telling him to build a baseball field in his Iowa cornfield, and what happens next explores the themes of lost dreams, childhood heroes, and healing the pain of the past. The 1989 movie adherest W. P. Kinsella's 1982 original, Shoeless Joe, but cuts out some extra characters.
1. Which is the best choice for a person who loves math
A. Hidden Figures. B. Forrest Gump.
C. The Girl on the Train. D. Field of Dreams.
2. Who has won the Academy Award for Best Actor according to the text
A. Tom Hanks. B. Winston Groom.
C. Kevin Costner. D. W.P. Kinsella.
3. What is special about Field of Dreams
A. It is a romantic comedy. B. It presents several themes.
C. It shows all the figures in Shoeless Joe. D. It was released in 1982 for the first time.
B
Kwane Stewart stepped outside a convenience store and spotted a homeless man with a small dog sitting in the lap. Stewart, a vet at an animal shelter, noticed its scratched-off furs—signs of an allergic reaction to fleas(跳蚤). He approached the man and offered to bring flea medications for the dog’s skin, a gift the man readily accepted. “I remember returning a week later, and the hair was coming back, the red spots on its skin were gone,” Stewart told the Modesto Bee. The man said his dog was no longer staying up scratching and was sleeping well. “‘And you know,’ he said, ‘I’m sleeping at night.’ He started to cry, and that got me choked up too,” Stewart said. Stewart was hooked. “When you give back, there is something you get in return that feels much larger. I knew I wanted to keep doing it,” he told .
Today, Stewart, 50, has his own practice in town, yet he still finds time for street pets. He’s helped roughly 400 animals since 2011, mostly dogs but also a few cats.
There’s a strong need for his kind of help. About 25 percent of Modesto’s homeless population own a pet, but there are few health-care options available to them. To fill that void, Stewart, using his free time, wanders dark alleyways and underpasses, anywhere he thinks the homeless might be camped out. He carries his medical bag, which contains treatments—vaccines, antibiotics, flea medications, and more. Stewart pays for almost all of it out of his own pocket.
For those expensive procedures, he setup a Go Fund Me account to provide enough money for treatment. “I don’t ever want to have to turn anybody away,” he explains.
He knows there are some people who question whether the homeless should even have pets. How can they care for them on the street Stewart told the Bee, “I think that more than anybody, they need a pet. They love their pets probably more than the average person.”
4. What did Stewart do for the homeless man’s dog
A. He brought some medicine to it. B. He sent a unique gift to it.
C. He cured its allergy to dust. D. He scratched it to help it sleep well.
5. What does the underlined word “void” mean in Paragraph 3
A. Time. B. Gap. C. Desire D. Choice.
6. Why does Stewart setup Go Fund Me for sick dogs
A. To give free medical treatment. B. To offer a comfortable shelter.
C. To pay the cost of healthcare. D. To provide care and adoption.
7. Which of the following is a suitable title of the text
A. The Homeless Dogs B. Go Fund Me
C. Animal Shelters D. A Street Vet
One New Year’s Day, ecologist Rob Wolton came up with an unusual resolution—to spend the next 12 months studying a hedge(树篱) 40 metres from his house in the middle of Devon. He wanted to make a list of every plant, animal and fungus(真菌)that used it. After a year of observations he had found 2, 000 species—far more than he imagined. Wolton says he enjoyed it hugely and his findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that hedges should not be overlooked.
“There is increasing recognition that much of the wildlife finds shelter in the hedges. But they’re much more than just wildlife passages—they are really important as habitats in their own right,” he says. The European commission’s Joint Research Centre recently argued that as the climate crisis worsens, hedges are expected to play more roles as they move in response to environmental change. Their deep roots help sequester carbon(固碳), and they also reduce the likelihood of flooding downstream, suck nutrients and pollutants out of water, and prevent soil loss. Alongside these functions, there is a cultural benefit to hedges too—I think lots of us who live in England think of the hedge landscape as being quite typical, says Wolton.
After the Second World War many hedges were removed to create more productive land. Only about one in three hedges in England are in good condition, according to the most recent research done in 2017.
The main issues are hedges being cut too severely and too frequently, which leads to loss of wildlife and gaps. A squirrel, for example, will turnaround if there is a gap of five metres. New hedges are being planted with single species, instead of many, which decrease the wildlife they can support.
It’s hard to say if interest in hedges will translate into action on a national scale，and much depends on what landscape features Environmental Land Management scheme.
8. What is the significance of Wolton’s study of the hedge
A. It makes Wolton’s resolution come true.
B It shows Wolton’s fondness of the hedge.
C. It indicates the important role of the hedge.
D. It points out the number of animals and plants.
9. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A. Hedges provide home for wildlife.
B. Hedges are used to fight climate crisis.
C. Hedges area typical symbol of England.
D. Hedges have advantages in different aspects.
10. Why does the author mention “A squirrel” in Paragraph 4
A. To show the diversity of wildlife in hedges.
B. To explain the bad effect of gaps in hedges.
C. To call for more species of plants in hedges.
D. To present what the loss of wildlife is like.
11. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. The favorable policy on hedges is undecided.
B. Public attention in hedges will be intensified.
C. A national scale protection is soon underway.
D. Environmental Land Management will fund hedges.
D
Did you know roughly one third of food for human consumption goes to waste Most of it is fresh fruits and vegetables that go bad. The produce dries out or goes bad, which has led scientists to develop ways of coating or sealing the food to keep it fresher for longer. Now research at Rice University reveals there might be a better way.
Scientists discovered that dipping produce like strawberries and bananas into an egg-based was his remarkably good for preserving it. The coating is extremely thick, and made from a mixture of powdered egg whites and yolks(70%), and some wood-sourced cellulose(纤维素) to act as a barrier preventing water loss.
What the scientists found was that the egg-based wash made a significant difference in helping produce stay fresh over a two-week observation period. The appearance of the coated fruits and vegetables didn’t change much, while the uncoated produce ripened and even rotted within the same timeframe. The egg-based coating, as it turned out, reduced each fruit’s chance to get exposed to oxygen.
The non-poisonous coating was found to be flexible and tests showed that it was just as tough as other products， including synthetic films(合成膜), used in produce packaging. For anyone with an egg allergy, the coating can be removed by thorough washing in water and is tasteless.
The scientists hope this could be a breakthrough in the fight against food waste. “Reducing food shortages in ways that are not related to genetic modification, uneatable coatings or chemical additives is important for better sustainable living,” said materials scientist and study author Pulickel Ajayan.
What’s great about this discovery is that it fights food waste in more than one way: even the coating was made from eggs that would otherwise have been thrown away because they weren’t fit for consumption. The researchers said roughly 200 million of US produced eggs go to waste annually. So if this were scaled up, it could be a win-win situation all around.
12. How does the egg-based wash help keep food fresh
A. By making its coating less thick. B. By limiting its oxygen exposure.
C. By removing its cellulose slowly. D. By improving its absorbent ability.
13. Why is Pulickel Ajayan mentioned in the text
A. To stress the seriousness of food shortage. B. To show the significance of the discovery.
C. To offer the method of cutting food waste. D. To give brief description of the research.
14. What is the researchers’ attitude towards the application of this discovery
A. Optimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Cautious. D. In different.
15. What is the text mainly about
A. How to use eggs creatively. B. A breakthrough in technology.
C. How to recycle food waste. D. A new way to preserve food.
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Covid-19 pandemic has forced millions of us to participate in one of the biggest social experiments of our time: what would happen if office workers largely abandoned their workplaces and began working from home ___16___
One thing seems clear: more people working remotely has brought some benefits for the environment. Wildlife has be enable to reclaim urban spaces while people have been tapping away at their home keyboards, with less commuter (通勤者) traffic.
_____17_____The major benefits of home working include people having more flexibility to do jobs around their family, and balance exercise and leisure time, thus being able to wear whatever they like, controlling their own heating and lighting and not having to commute.
Many people have also been able to get more done while working remotely._____18_____ “There used to be a lot of resistance to working from home because managers thought employees would just go of off and watch soap operas, but there’s a lot more trust now,” says Sue Williamson at the University of New South Wales in Canberra, Australia.
_____19_____Many people forced to work from home have reported feeling isolated and finding it harder to switch off due to the unclear boundary between work and home life._____20_____This is probably because it’s hard to get those accidental conversations between people that spark ideas when everyone is physically separated.
As vaccines help to control Covid-19 many organizations are hoping to reap the best of both worlds by letting employees work from home on some days and travel to the office on others.
A. But what about the benefits to people
B. More than 2 years in, it is time to reflect.
C. After a severe period, there is no turning back.
D. However, the experiment hasn’t been all positive.
E. It is time to reset and rethink how we actually work.
F. Many managers have also reported declines in innovation.
G. The productivity level is found to rise as they work from home.
第二部分 升级阅读(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
One Earth Award
About this award
Sponsored by the One Earth Fund, the One Earth Award offers $1,000 scholarships for four students whose works address the pressing issue of human-caused climate change.
Why should I create art or writing about climate change
Some consequences of climate change include: sea-level rise, increase in air pollution, hurricane, droughts, extreme weather, and rising temperatures, among others. Your work can advance our thoughts about climate change and our understanding of solutions. It can also improve awareness of actions that we can take, in order to reduce the harm that human action has on our environment.
How do I apply
Enter your work to any category in the Scholastic Art & Writing Awards. When selecting the category of your work, choose the One Earth Award. You will be required to include a personal statement on your work.
What should I write for the personal statement
Your personal statement should be 50 words or more and answer the following questions:
What specific aspect of climate change does your work address
What is your personal connection to this aspect of climate change, and why do you think talking about climate change is important
Getting started on your work
These resources can help you learn about climate change and create your own art and writing about it.
Consider how poets talk about climate change with the Poetry Foundation.
Explore visual art activities and writing activities from the Teacher’s Climate Guide.
Try writing exercises developed by English Teachers Concerned about Climate Crisis.
21. What is the first thing to do to get the One Earth Award
A. Choosing the One Earth Award.
B. Contacting the One Earth Fund.
C. Presenting the personal statement.
D. Visiting the Scholastic Art & Writing Awards.
22. What should be included about climate change in your personal statement
A. What action you will take. B. What you are concerned about.
C. Why your work is important. D. What suggestion you will make.
23. Which part of the text intends to provide help in finishing your work
A. How do I apply
B. About this award
C. Getting started on your work
D. What should I write for the personal statement
B
Lunch hour is crazy at SAME Café, the restaurant my husband, Brad, and I run in Denver.
One day a woman dressed in a business outfit (套装) stepped in. “Hi, Libby.” she said. I recognized her. The first time she came two years ago, she had no money to pay for a meal. No problem. Like many customers, she volunteered to work. After her meal, she washed dishes. Look at her now. I stole a glance at Brad, in the kitchen. Wasn’t this what we’d hoped for
In 2015, on a flight home from Texas, we’d hatched this crazy dream. We’d both done a lot of volunteering at soup kitchens. It was something we felt called to do, feeding the poor.
“I wish we could start our own place,” I said. “No cash register (收银机). Just a donation box on the counter.”
“Why don’t we ” Brad said.
It would be a charity, but we didn’t want our diners to think of it as a charity. “If they can’t pay.” Brad said, “they can help wash dishes or sweep the floor. We must treat people with dignity.”
Our first customer was a woman in her forties. She told me she was recently divorced and she and her two kids had no place of their own. “Could I have a salad ” she asked. I brought her a plate of greens with fresh fruit and nuts. Her eyes grew wide. “These are the first fresh vegetables I’ve had in four months,” she exclaimed. That alone made our struggles to open the café worth it.
SAME is short for our belief: So All May Eat. Customers came for Brad’s cooking. But they also liked what our café stood for.
“What do I owe you ” one customer asked. “Whatever you think the meal’s worth,” I said, “and whatever you can afford.” Most customers gave what they could, even if it was just a dollar.
Something was different about the woman that day. Something besides her outfit. She stopped at the counter and ordered greens with sun-dried tomatoes, and a ham and pineapple pizza
“I have something to tell you.” she said. “The last time I was here I started talking to a woman I’d met here before. She said. ‘There’s an opening in my office. Why don’t you come in and apply ” I did—I got the job!” I knew what was different about her—confidence.
She opened her purse. “I can pay now. How can I ever thank you ”
“You just did,” I said.
24. What did the author and her husband do at soup kitchens in Texas
A. They learned how to cook. B. They helped feed the hungry.
C. They trained the volunteers. D. They made a living there.
25. Which of the following best explains the underlined part “with dignity”
A. With respect. B. With pity. C. With care. D. With effort
26. What is special about SAME Café
A. Customers can pay as they like. B. Customers needn’t pay for a meal.
C. Customers help with charity work. D. Customers get paid for what they do.
27. What did the author really mean when she said “You just did”
A. The woman paid for her meal.
B. The woman expressed her thanks.
C. The woman helped to wash dishes.
D. The woman gave her what she had hoped for.
C
When drawing scientists. U. S. children now depict (描画) female scientists more often than ever, according to new Northwestern University research, which has analyzed five decades of “Draw-A-Scientist” studies conducted since the 1960s.
This change suggests that children’s stereotypes (刻板印象) linking science with men have weakened over time, said the researchers, consistent with more women becoming scientists and children’s media depicting more female scientists on television shows and other media.
In the first study, conducted between 1968 and 1979, less than one percent of 5,000 children drew an image resembling a woman when asked to draw a scientist. Almost all their artwork depicted men working with laboratory equipment, often with lab coats, glasses and facial hair.
But in later studies (1988 to 2019), 28 percent of children drew a female scientist, on average. In addition, both girls and boys drew female scientists more often over time, though girls overall drew female scientists much more often than boys.
“Our results suggest that children’s stereotypes change as women’s and men’s roles change in society.” said study lead author David Miller. “Children still draw more male than female scientists, but that is expected because women remain a minority in several science fields.”
The researchers also studied how children form stereotypes about scientists across child development. The results suggested children did not associate science with men until grade school; around age 5, they drew roughly equal percentages of male and female scientists. During elementary and middle school, the tendency to draw male scientists increased strongly with age. Older children were also more likely to draw scientists with lab coats and glasses, suggesting that children learn other stereotypes as they mature.
“These changes across children’s age likely reflect that children’s exposure to male scientists accumulates during development, even in recent years.” said Miller.
“To build on cultural changes, teachers and parents should present children with multiple examples of female scientists across many contexts such as science courses, television shows and informal conversations,” Miller said.
28. What is the change in children drawing scientists
A. Children draw more male scientists.
B. Children draw more female scientists.
C. Girls draw more scientists than boys.
D. Children draw more female than male scientists.
29. What does Miller think of children drawing more male scientists than female scientists
A. It’s not surprising. B. It’s not reasonable.
C. It’s unexpected. D. It’s not acceptable.
30. What does paragraph 6 mainly talk about
A. How children develop their drawings.
B. How children’s stereotypes change with age.
C. Why children draw more male scientists.
D What scientists look like in children’s drawings.
31. According to Miller, how can we make children draw more female scientists
A. By encouraging children to attend science courses.
B. By encouraging children to become scientists in the future.
C. By giving children an example of drawing female scientists.
D. By making female scientists known to children in various situations.
D
Chinese speakers have got a new thing to be proud of. The language they are speaking is more difficult than English.
Understanding Chinese requires both sides of the brain, but English speakers listen with only half their minds on the job, UK scientists say.
UK psychologist Sophie Scott and researchers from hospitals in Oxford and London performed brain scans on volunteers as they listened to their native languages. When English speakers heard the sound of their language, the left parts of their brains lit up on screen. When Chinese speakers heard their native tongue, there was an action in both the right and left sides.
“We were very surprised to discover that people who speak different sorts of languages use their brains to decode speech in different ways.” said Scott.
The left side is normally connected with putting sounds together into words; the right with processing melody (音调) in music and speech, so this part “lights up” when English speakers hear music. The researchers do not yet know whether the right side is active in English speakers when they hear Chinese.
In Chinese, a different intonation (语调) delivers a different meaning, the syllable (音节) “ma”, for instance, can mean mother, hemp (麻), horse or scold according to its musical sound.
“Speech really is a complex sound,” said Scott. “As well as understanding words, the brain uses the way in which words are spoken, such as intonation and melody, to turn spoken language into meaning.”
“We think Chinese speakers interpret intonation and melody in the right sides of their brains to give correct meaning to the spoken words.”
The study suggests that language itself might affect the way the brain develops in a young child. It could explain why native speakers of English find it so extraordinary hard to learn Chinese.
32. What does the underlined “volunteers” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Chinese speakers. B. English speakers.
C. People who speak different languages. D. Researchers and Chinese and English speakers.
33. Which can best explain why understanding Chinese requires both sides of the brain
A. Music. B. Meanings.
C. Intonation and melody. D. The way the brain develops.
34. Why do native English speakers find it hard to learn Chinese
A. The left sides of their brains are not used for language.
B. They can hardly understand words when there is music.
C. The right sides of their brains are never used in childhood.
D. They can hardly understand words in the right side of the brain.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. How the Brain Responds to Music
B. How the Brain Responds to Chinese
C. The Brain Responds to Languages Differently
D. The Two Sides of the Brain Work Differently
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Blood: Water Mission
Blood: Water Mission is founded by the Grammy Award-winning band, Jars of Clay. ____36____ And Blood: Water Mission is one of them with a mission to help communities to fight against the HIV/AIDS and water crisis.
____37____ So Blood: Water Mission has launched the 1,000 Wells Project as a nationwide movement to raise enough money to provide clean water to 1,000 communities in Africa based on the equation (公式) that $1 provides one African with clean water for an entire year. ____38____ It includes a variety of clean water solutions and sanitation (卫生) training, as well as funding health clinics, which help in the prevention, treatment, care and support of communities affected by AIDS.
The results of our efforts paint a new picture in these communities. There has been a remarkable improvement in the water situation and community health. ____39____ Women and children no longer walk several miles a day to get water. Village leaders have the resources and training to bring sanitation and healthcare into their communities. Water-related diseases have disappeared. Those with AIDS are living longer lives.
____40____ In the process, we learn about how AIDS affects African communities. By connecting with the people in Africa, we are developing social responsibility. In the meanwhile, Blood: Water Mission’s movement engages Americans in social justice and thoughtful action.
It’s a beautiful story. We invite you to be a small part of a larger, beautiful story.
A. Clean water wells have been built.
B. Most children get the opportunity to go to school.
C There is a vital link between HIV/AIDS and clean water.
D. Meanwhile, the 1,000 Wells Project has expanded along the way.
E. Blood: Water Mission has also created social effects in the United States.
F. Blood: Water Mission has developed a close friendship with these communities.
G. There are many projects providing much-needed assistance to African communities.
