专题一
一
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
(2014·新课标Ⅰ)
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It __1__(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it __2__(actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of __3__ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn't changed in a few days __4__ even a few months. It took years of work __5__(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is __6__(clean) than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit __7__ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don't know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don't you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?
While there are __8__(amaze)stories of instant transformation, for most of us the __9__(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be __10__(patience)
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：曾经重度污染的河流再次清澈。当你感觉到什么事情是不可能实现的时候，继续努力，耐心一些，你就一定会成功。
答案：
1．was 时间是在1969年，显然要用一般过去时态。
2．actually 由语境可知，此处要用副词修饰catch，故填actual的副词形式actually。
3．the 此处是跟outstanding一起构成形容词的最高级的，前面需加定冠词the。
4．or 此处表示“河流在几天里或者甚至是几个月里都改变不了”，表示选择，要用并列连词or。
5．to reduce 分析结构可知，此处是 It takes some time to do sth.结构，意为“花费多长时间干某事”。
6．cleaner 由than可知，此处要填clean的比较级。
7．that/which 分析结构可知，此处habit为定语从句的先行词，为限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，用that/which引导。
8．amazing 修饰名词stories要用amazing，指“令人吃惊的”。
9．changes 由空后面的are可知，此处要用名词复数。
10．patient be patient耐心点，形容词patient作表语。
【辽宁卷题型】
(2014·辽宁)
Jonny：Hey! I'm just practicing Tai Chi(太极)．Would you like to join me?
Peter：I know nothing about it.Is it difficult?
Jonny：It seems easy, but you need a lot of practice. You just follow me like this.
Peter：OK. Don't laugh __1__ me. I may look funny.
Jonny：Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and __2__(soft). Try to keep your body straight. Move slowly, then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake.
Peter：I cannot control my body well. My legs become __3__(pain)．
Jonny：Keep __4__(hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. Raise your leg and let __5__ stay in the air for seconds.
Peter：I feel my legs shaking. I cannot do this any longer.
Jonny：Be patient! Tai Chi __6__(call)“shadow boxing” in English. It asks you to act like water; to be flexible as well __7__ strong. In real competition, a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The __8__ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. He controls you!
Peter：Unbelievable! Oh..., __9__ you don't mind, I'll stop and take a deep __10__.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：乔尼一边教彼得打太极一边给他讲太极的神奇之处。
答案：
1．at laugh at sb.嘲笑某人。
2．softly and前后是相同的词性。由naturally可知，此处也填副词。
3．painful 此处是形容词作become的表语。
4．holding 一直保持你的姿势很长时间。keep doing sth.一直做某事。
5．it 此处指上文提到的your leg。
6．is called 太极被叫做……。
7．as 太极要求你像水一样灵活和强大。as well as也。
8．harder 此处是“the ＋比较级， the ＋比较级”句型，意为：越……越……
9．if 如果你不介意，我会停下来深呼吸。
10．breath take a deep breath深呼吸。
二
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
(2014·新课标Ⅱ)
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about __1__(be) late for school.There were many people waiting at the bus stop，__2__ some of them looked very anxious and __3__(disappoint)．When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next __4__ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike __5__(catch)my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused __6__(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept __7__(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “__8__ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It's __9__(I)．” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers __10__(sudden) became friendly to one another.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：在一次乘车的时候，一个骑车的男孩在后面追着汽车为车里的一位丢了手提箱的乘客送箱子。这个孩子的行为感动了车里的人们。
答案：
1．being about为介词，后跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语，故用being。
2．and 由上下文，人们等车，看起来很焦急，之间是顺承关系，故用and连接。
3．disappointed 人们看起来很焦急失望，用形容词形式disappointed“失望的”修饰人，而disappointing“令人失望的”修饰物，不合题意。
4．to 我得到了一个靠近窗子的座位，next to靠近，临近。
5．caught 文章是讲述过去的事情，故用过去时。
6．to stop 固定短语refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事。
7．riding 固定短语 keep doing sth.一直做某事。
8．Did “有人在上一站丢了手提箱吗？”一般疑问句，过去时用did。
9．me/mine 此处作表语，强调“它是我的”，用mine；或者表示“是我丢了包”，用me。
10．suddenly 副词作状语修饰动词became，故用suddenly。
【辽宁卷题型】
(2014·长春市第四次调测)
Sara：How are you recently, Jane?
Jane：Not very well. I have been gaining weight. It's too much for my __1__(high). The doctor asked me to watch what I eat, __2__ I can't help eating sweets whenever they are in my presence. If only I __3__(follow) my doctor's advice.
Sara：__4__ is believed that overweight results from overeating. You need to work out. Why don't you attend an aerobics class? Perhaps it can __5__ (less)your anxiety.
Jane：Can I certainly lose weight after attending that class?
Sara：Yes, I think __6__. You can __7__ work the fat off your body but also keep your body fit. So you can kill two birds with one stone.
Jane：You mean I don't need to diet?
Sara：__8__ I mean is that you need to keep a diet while you are working out. __9__(combine) exercise with dieting may be the __10__(effective) way to lose weight.
Jane：Thank you for your advice. I think I'll try that class.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：这段材料以对话的形式呈现，Sara和Jane围绕减肥这一话题展开讨论。
答案：
1．height 考查形容词和名词的词形转化。high的名词形式：height。
2．but 考生应能从上下文的行文逻辑，填入适当的并列连词。句意：医生告诉我注意饮食，但是我只要看见糖果，就禁不住要吃。
3．had followed 考查虚拟语气中的动词形式。句意：我要是听从了医生的意见该有多好！If only是虚拟语气的标志，与过去相关，用had＋过去分词。
4．It 考生应能在理解语篇的基础上，准确理解句意并能正确判断句子结构和句式。It在此作形式主语。
5．lessen 考查形容词和动词的词形转化。情态动词can后面应该加动词原形，lessen动词，意为“减少”。
6．so 考生应能根据上下文，填入一个符合语境的词。句意：是的，我认为是这样。
7．not only 考生应能根据上下文，填入符合语境的词。根据下文的“but also”可以判断出此空应填“not only”。
8．What 考生应能准确理解句意并能正确判断句子结构和句式。what在此引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
9．Combining 考生应能准确理解句意并能正确判断句子结构。动名词作主语。
10．most effective 考查形容词最高级的用法。句意：运动和节食相结合是我所知道的最有效的减肥方式。
三
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
(2014·贵州省六校联盟第二次联考)
Alfred Alder, a famous psychiatrist, had __1__ interesting experience. When he was a small boy he got off to a poor start in arithmetic(算术). His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in arithmetic, and told his parents __2__ she thought in order that they would not expect too much of him. In this way, they too developed the idea, “Isn't __3__ too bad that Alfred can't do arithmetic？” He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability, __4__(feel) that it was useless to try, and that he was very poor at arithmetic, just as they expected.
One day he became very angry at the teacher and the other students because they laughed when he said he saw how to do a problem which none of the other students had been able to solve.
Adler succeeded __5__ solving the problem. This gave him __6__(confident). He rejected the idea that he could not do arithmetic and was __7__(determine) to show them that he could. His anger and his new found faith stimulated him to go at arithmetic problems with a new spirit. He now worked with interest, determination, and purpose, and he soon became __8__(extraordinary) good at arithmetic. He not only proved that he can do arithmetic, but he learned early in life from his own experience，__9__ a person goes at a job __10__ determination and purpose, he may astonish himself as well as others by his ability.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：本文叙述了著名的精神病专家Alfred Alder的一次经历。他从小被他的老师认为是学不好的人，可有一次，他解决了其他的人都解决不了的问题，从此，他自己有了自信，再加上他的决心，使他认识到：人只要有信心和决心就能成功。
答案：
1．an experience在此意为“经历”，是可数名词，在此表泛指，所以填不定冠词；interesting是以元音音素开头的，所以填an。
2．what 宾语从句中thought缺少宾语，所以填连接词what。
3．it it指代that Alfred can't do arithmetic。
4．feeling feel与句子主语he构成逻辑上的主谓关系。所以用其-ing形式。
5．in succeed in doing sth.“成功做成某事”。
6．confidence 这给了他自信。confidence“自信，自信心”。
7．determined be determined to do“下定决心做某事”。
8．extraordinarily 修饰形容词good用副词形式。
9．if 如果一个人有毅力和目标去做一项工作，那么他一定会让自己和他人都会大吃一惊的。if表示条件。
10．with with表示拥有，带有。
【辽宁卷题型】
(2014·宁夏银川九中二模)
D：David M：Mark
D：Hi, Mark, you look pale today. What's wrong with you?
M：Well, I've got just finished a small __1__(operate).
D：Oh, I am sorry to hear that. Do you feel __2__(good)now?
M：Much better. I've took the medicine which __3__ doctor had asked me to take.
D：Thank goodness! You had better mind your own health next time. By the way, is the doctor professional?
M：Oh maybe, he looks professional.
D：Jesus, I __4__(hear)that the doctors are not professional in some hospitals in our city, __5__ makes many patients upset. Many hospitals are not strict __6__their doctors.
M：I hope I am lucky. I went to the North Wall Hospital.
D：Oh that is a good __7__. __8__ do you know that hospital?
M：The ads of course.
D：Got it. I have seen their ads many times.
M：I think the ads really help them a lot.
D：I can not agree any more. Well, actually you need a rest. Maybe I will come to your home and pay you a visit. What do you do in your spare time?
M：I am fond of __9__(chat)on the Internet. Can you give me your QQ number __10__ we can chat online?
D：My pleasure. See you online!
M：See you!
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：David与刚刚动完手术的Mark 之间的谈话。
答案：
1．operation 我刚刚动了一个小手术。此处考查词形转换。应该用名词形式。
2．better 现在感觉(比原来)好点了吗？此处暗含比较含义，所以用比较级。下一句话“Much better ”也有提示。
3．the 此处医生是特指给我动手术的医生，所以用定冠词the。
4．have heard 此处为谓语动词，由句意可知，用现在完成时。
5．which 考查非限制性定语从句。which指代前面整个句子。
6．with be strict with...“对某人严格要求”。
7．one 考查代词。one指代hospital。
8．How 考查上下文理解。由答语“The ads of course”可知，此处问的是知道这家医院的方式，所以用how。
9．chatting be fond of doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。
10．so that/in order that 后句为目的状语从句，所以填so that/in order that。
四
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
(2014·河北省衡水中学二调)
Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?
The answer depends largely __1__ cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color __2__ represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. During the Spring Festival in China, children __3__(give) money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect __4__ against evils(灾祸)．
People's __5__(choose) of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions toward them. Green is said to be __6__ most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally __7__ physically. People __8__(work) in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches.
Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites(食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. And many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that __9__(easy) catches a person's eye.
Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue is believed to cause people to lose appetite. So __10__ you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：本文主要讲述的就是在不同的文化中的颜色意义和功能作用。
答案：
1．on/upon 主要取决于文化价值观和个人的经验。depend on/upon取决于。
2．that/which 对于埃及人来说，绿色是代表希望和快乐的颜色。这是定语从句，先行词是color，定语从句缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which。
3．are given 在中国的春节孩子们被给予红包的压岁钱带来好运。children和give是被动关系，用are given。
4．themselves 希腊人经常带蓝色的项链为了保护自己没有灾祸。用反身代词themselves。
5．choice 人们对颜色的选择也受身体对它们反应的影响。动词choose转换成名词choice。
6．the 绿色据说是最让人安静的颜色，用the修饰最高级。
7．and 它能够在精神上和身体上减轻疼痛，使人们放松。这里是并列关系，用and。
8. working/who work 据说在绿色的环境下工作的人胃疼更少。用working作定语修饰people，相当于who work。
9．easily 红色是容易吸引人眼球的颜色。用副词easily修饰catch。
10．if/when 如果你想吃得少，建议用蓝色的盘子吃饭。连词“如果”if/when。
【辽宁卷题型】
(2014·河南省商丘市三模)
Rose：Hi, Dave. Do you think the weather is fine today?
Dave：Yeah. And the air is also cleaner than ever before.
Rose：En, the newspaper reports that the air is less and less __1__(pollute) these days.
Dave：That's true. Fewer and fewer people__2__(drive) cars to work since the government started the traffic control two months ago.
Rose：But the control is going to end __3__ two weeks. What'll happen then? Are cars coming back to the road?
Dave：That's true, too, although we all hope __4__ will never end. On the other hand, the traffic control has made things tough for people driving cars.
Rose：But it's worth the trouble. I believe clean air is __5__ most important thing.
Dave：However, many people don't think so. __6__ they can't drive cars, they'll even have __7__(difficult) getting to work.
Rose：They can choose to take a bus __8__ the subway. And they can even ride a bicycle. There're many other ways to choose from, actually.
Dave：Some people think buses are too crowded and riding a bicycle seems very __9__(tire)．
Rose：Anyway, it's still __10__(well) than being trapped in a traffic jam under grey clouds and in dirty air.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：文中，两人讨论了交通限制条例带来的变化以及人们对该条例的看法。
答案：
1．polluted be polluted“被污染”。
2．have driven 由从句since the government started the traffic control可知，用现在完成时。
3．in in two weeks“两周后”。
4．it 由上下文可知，此处用it指代the traffic control。
5．the 多音节形容词、副词最高级的构成为the most...。
6．If 此处表示条件。如果他们不开车，那么他们上班就更困难了。
7．difficulty have difficulty (in)doing sth.“做某事有困难”。
8．or 他们可以坐公交车或者坐地铁。or表示选择，意为“或者”。
9．tiring tiring多修饰物；tired多修饰人。
10．better 后面的than提示我们用比较级。
五
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
(2014·吉林省九校联合体第二次联考)
When I was a little girl, every time my dad was repairing something, he __1__ ask me to hold the hammer, and meanwhile, have a conversation with me. I never saw my dad drinking or taking a night out. All he did after work was taking care of his family.
I grew up and left home for college and __2__ then, my dad had been calling me every Sunday morning, no matter what. Several years later I bought a house，__3__ my dad painted by himself for three days in the 80-degree summer heat. All he asked was __4__ me to talk to him. But I was always busy, __5__(able) to find any time for conversation with him.
One Sunday morning we had a telephone talk as usual. I noticed that my dad had forgotten some things we discussed lately. I was in a hurry, so our conversation was short. Later that day came a call __6__(say) my father was in hospital. Immediately I bought a ticket for a flight and on my way I was thinking about all the __7__(miss) occasions to have a talk with my dad.__8__ the time I got to hospital, my father had passed away. Now it was __9__ who did not have time for a conversation with me. I realized __10__ little I know about my dad, his deepest thoughts and dreams. After his death I learned more about him, and even more about myself.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：文章介绍爸爸对家庭的关心对作者的爱，但是作者没有时间和爸爸交谈，直到爸爸去世，作者才意识到自己很不了解爸爸。
答案：
1．would 每次爸爸在修什么东西，都会让我拿着锤子。would表示“过去常常”。
2．since 自从那时，爸爸每个星期天的早上都给我打电话。since then“自从那时”。
3．which 几年后，我买了—个房子，爸爸在80度的高温下一个人粉刷了三天。which引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰house。
4．for 对我来说他要求的就是和我交谈，介词“for”对于……。
5．unable 但我总是很忙，没有时间和他交谈，形容词unable“不能”。
6．saying 后来有个电话打来，说爸爸住院了，saying是现在分词作伴随状语。
7．missed 在路上我想到我错过的和爸爸谈话的机会，missed“错过的”。
8．By 到我到医院的时候为止，爸爸已经去世了，介词by“到……时候为止”。
9．he 现在是他没有时间和我交谈了，这里是强调句，强调的是主语：he。
10．how 我意识到我对爸爸了解的多么少，how多么，修饰little。
【辽宁卷题型】
(2014·河南省顶级名校押题卷)
Woman：Good morning.
Man：Good morning. Er... I'm looking for a place __1__(rent) near the university.
Woman：What are you looking for, a house, a flat, __2__ a room?
Man：Well, we want a flat if that's possible. There are three of us looking all together. We thought we might share it if we can find something __3__(suit)．
Woman：So something near the university?
Man：Yes. We are all students, so it would be good if we could find something __4__ walking distance of the campus. __5__ of us has a car and we don't want to have to take a bus.
Woman：Well, everybody wants that of course. Are you here for your first year?
Man：No, I __6__(be) here for a year already. Last year we all lived on campus.
Woman：OK. So let me have a look and consider __7__ we have got. Well, there's a three-bedroom flat. That's 400 dollars a week—quite __8__(reason), I think.
Man：Oh, That's too __9__.
Woman：OK, I'll try __10__. Oh, here is another one near the Sunshine Bookstore. It's a quiet place. Only 150 dollars a week. It's quite cheap. Would you like to have a look?
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：作者租房子时与中介的谈话。
答案：
1．to rent 此处不定式作后置定语，修饰a place。
2．or or“或者”表示选择。
3．suitable 形容词suitable作后置定语。
4．within within walking distance“几步之遥，步行就能到，走路去就可以了”。
5．None 由上下文可知，我们都没有车。none“没有人；一个也没有”。
6．have been 由时间状语“for a year already”可知，用现在完成时。
7．what 宾语从句中got缺少宾语，所以填连接词what。
8．reasonable reasonable“合理的”。
9．expensive/dear 下文又开始介绍另一处住所，所以此处应该是没有成交，价格太贵。
10．again 再介绍另一处住所。
六
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
(2014·新课标Ⅱ高考压轴卷)
A man recognized as a genius in business circles was invited as an honour guest to a TV interview. Everybody was eager to hear a success story from him. He, __1__， only said with a slight smile, “Wouldn't it be better for me to ask you for __2__(advise) on a certain problem？”
Here is the problem he raised：“People all rushed to the place __3__ a gold mine had recently been discovered but they were blocked by a river __4__(flow) across the only way to it. What would you do if you __5__(be) among them？”
“Make a roundabout (绕行的) way，” someone suggested.
“Swim across，” said another.
The genius smiled __6__ a word. Then he gave his view. “Why not do __7__ else instead of rushing to the mine? How about buying a boat to do some ferrying (摆渡)？”
The audience were shocked. He explained calmly, “The man could make __8__ great amount of money from the passengers. They were willing to pay for the ferry __9__ there was gold on the other bank.”
Do what others have not thought to do or something never attempted before—that is the key __10__ success. A difficult circumstance, in the eyes of a wise man, often means a potential chance for success.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：本文是一篇启迪故事，介绍了一位商业天才告诉人们要做别人想不到的或以前没有尝试过的事情来取得成功。
答案：
1．however 考副词表转折的用法。根据语境应填一个表示转折的副词。
2. advice 考构词法。介词后面用名词，注意不能用复数形式。
3. where 考关系副词引导定语从句的用法。先行词是地点名词，且从句结构完整，应用关系副词where引导。
4．flowing/which/that flowed 考非谓语动词的用法。根据结构应填v.-ing形式作定语修饰a river, 表示主动，相当于一个定语从句which/that flows。
5．were 考虚拟语气的用法。表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句用所给动词的过去式，be动词用were。
6．without 考介词的用法。名词前面用介词，根据语境应填without表示“这位商业天才没说一句话，只是笑了一笑。”
7. something 考不定代词的用法。用于表示建议、请求用代词something。
8. a 考冠词的固定搭配。“大量的”用a great amount of/a great deal of/a great number of 等表示。
9. because 考从属连词的用法。前后分句明显有因果关系，故填表示原因的从属连词，故填because。
10. to 考介词的固定搭配。表示“……的关键，……的答案”，用介词to。
【辽宁卷题型】
(2014·北大附中河南分校五月冲刺)
Linda：Our flight has been delayed for two hours. My husband must be waiting __1__(anxious) at London Airport.
David：You'd better make a phone call and tell __2__ about the situation here.
Linda：Right. What are you here for?
David：I was at __3__ two-week international conference on space technology in Beijing.
Linda：How __4__(interest)! I was here with a tour.
David：Really? How did you find Beijing?
Linda：Beijing is one of __5__(beautiful) cities that I have seen. It has all the characteristics of a big city. It has impressed me a lot. __6__ Beijing, I've also been to Shanghai, Hangzhou and Nanjing. China is really rich in history and tradition. Is this your __7__(one) trip to China?
David：No, I come here every year but always on business. I have no chance __8__(visit) the scenic spots here.
Linda：What a pity! You should __9__. Excuse me, __10__I'll phone my husband in case he will be worried.
David：OK. Just do it.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：Linda和David在伦敦机场偶遇。
答案：
1．anxiously 用副词修饰前面的动词waiting。
2．him 你最好打电话告诉你丈夫这一情况。此处him指代your husband。
3．a 此处中心词为conference，又表泛指，所以用不定冠词a。
4．interesting How修饰形容词；此处表示这件事情，所以用interesting。
5．the most beautiful “one of＋最高级”表示“最……之一的”；beautiful是多音节形容词，其最高级为“the most beautiful”。
6．Besides/Apart from 由后文also可知，此处填“除了……之外”。
7．first 这是你到中国的第一次旅行吗？
8．to visit/of visiting have a chance to do sth./of dong sth.“有机会做某事”。
9．have (visited) 真是遗憾，你本应该参观一下的。should have done本应该做某事(却没有)。
10．but Excuse me，but... “对不起，但是……”。
七
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
(2014·贵州省六校联盟第一次联考)
“Remember, your father is only one year __1__(old) than you.” That was Mum's usual excuse when Dad said the wrong things or did something __2__(fool)．
Dad quitted drinking exactly one year before I was born. He joined a group of other people. He said they __3__(stop) drinking, too. I loved my dad __4__ I hated the way his weekly meetings took him away __5__ me. It seemed that they were more important to him than I was. But with my birthday coming up I thought Dad would make an __6__(except). “Can't you miss it just this time? Saturday is my birthday！” I begged him but __7__(refuse). He said “ I am chairing the meeting this Saturday. We will have your party on Sunday.”
Saturday evening I sat on my bed, __8__(feel) sorry for myself. Dad started to leave, then paused and said, “Why not come with me together tonight? It's an open meeting. All are welcome”. __9__ would I do at a meeting? But maybe I needed to see why something Dad did every week mattered so much.
After we arrived, Dad announced the theme of the meeting was going to be gratitude. He told his story about giving up smoking. Later, a man __10__(call) Dave also told his story. Only then did I know it was Dad that saved his life from drinking. Showing up week after week and meeting with people, Dad was changing lives. Shame washed over me.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：父亲的大爱无疆让我汗颜。
答案：
1．older 由空后的than可知，此处用比较级。
2．foolish 形容词作后置定语。
3．had stopped 考查时态。他们戒酒发生在父亲说之前，符合“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。
4．but 前后句之间为转折关系，所以填but。
5．from take sb. away from...“把某人从……那里带走”。
6．exception 冠词an后应接名词，所以填exception。
7．was refused 我乞求父亲不要去开会，但是被拒绝了。由but可知，应该是被拒绝了。
8．feeling feel与句子主语I之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用其-ing形式。
9．What 会议上我能做点什么？所以填what。
10．called 过去分词作后置定语，名为大卫的一位男子也讲述了自己的故事。
【辽宁卷题型】
(2014·凉州区第二次诊断)
W：You see, I'm gaining weight again. I've no idea __1__to lose it.
M：You should do some exercise every day. That is the best way __2__ keep you fit.
W：You know, I don't want to move about at all.
M：You'd better not watch too much TV. Recently, dancing machines __3__(be) popular in China. I suggest __4__(buy) one.
W：What is the dancing machine?
M：Oh, you may see one in shopping centers. __5__ is easy to learn how to use it. What you ought to do is to dance on such machines __6__ disco music, stepping forward and backward, left and __7__ as if you are really dancing.
W：That __8__(sound) interesting! But is it __9__(use) to help me keep fit?
M：Sure. When you finish dancing, you'll be __10__ of breath.
W：All right. I'd like to get one.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：两人讨论了怎样减肥的问题。
答案：
1．how 我不知道该怎么减肥。how“怎么”，表方式。
2．to the way后接不定式作后置定语。
3．have been 由时间状语recently可知，用现在完成时。
4．buying suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”。
5．It it指代后面的不定式to learn how to use it。
6．with with表示“带有，配备有”。
7．right 句前是“forward and backward”迈步，此处与之对应应该是“左右”迈步。所以填right，表示“右面”。
8．sounds That sounds interesting.“这听起来很有趣”。
9．useful is后接use的形容词形式useful。
10．out out of breath“上气不接下气，气喘吁吁地”。
八
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
(2014·山西省第四次四校联考)
Julie enjoyed reading when young. She grew up in __1__ key middle school in her city, __2__ her parents both taught Chinese. That meant she was surrounded by either teachers who were busy teaching or students who __3__(devote) to their studies. So she developed her love of __4__.
Her interest __5__ reading also benefited from the fact that __6__ parents only let her watch half an hour of TV a day. She learned to use her mind and imagination to entertain __7__. It's not really __8__(surprise) that reading became her vocation. When not reading she enjoyed watching films, walking and relaxing with her friends. Reading brought her much __9__(please) and she never wanted to stop learning. Not only did reading enrich her knowledge __10__ it improved her learning scores.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：Julie热爱阅读，这得益于她的父母。而热爱阅读让她受益匪浅。
答案：
1．a Julie在她所在城市的一所重点中学长大。不定冠词表泛指。
2．where 在这所中学里，她的父母教授汉语。此处应填关系词引导定语从句；从句部分her parents both taught Chinese不缺少主语、宾语，所以填关系副词；先行词为school，所以填where。
3．were devoted who在此引导定语从句，所以填谓语动词；be devoted to“热爱，致力于”。
4．reading 第一段第一句话“Julie enjoyed reading...”和第二段第一句话“Her interest __5__ reading...”都有提示。
5．in interest后常接介词in。
6．her 她对阅读的兴趣得益于她父母规定她每天只能看半小时电视。
7．herself entertain oneself“自娱自乐”。
8．surprising 修饰物应该用其现在分词形式的形容词surprising。
9．pleasure 由空所在上下文可知，应该填名词形式pleasure。
10．but (also) not only...but(also)．..“不但……而且……”。
【辽宁卷题型】
(2014·太原五中5月模拟)
Lynn：I really want to find a good job. Do you have any advice?
Kate：Oh, lots of advice! First, be sure to dress __1__(proper) for the interview. If it's for a teaching job, as I did 20 years ago, then you might want to consider __2__(wear) nice pants and a dress shirt. __3__， you won't like to wear clothes that are too formal and elegant for the interview nowadays.
Lynn：I see. Anything __4__ would you suggest I should pay attention to?
Kate：Well, second, be sure to do some research on the company for __5__ you are being interviewed. This will help you know if you have the needed skills or experience to work for that company. You can also ask the __6__(interview), usually their personnel manager, about three intelligent questions about their business. That will show you are interested in their company.
Lynn：That's good advice! Any last thoughts?
Kate：Yes, finally, be prepared to tell them why you would be the __7__(good) choice for the position. You don't have to talk too much about what you __8__(study) for 4 years in university, but you can tell them __9__ a confident and direct way why you can help their company. Following the above tips, you will find a satisfying job sooner or later.
Lynn：Thank you very much. I have got to buy some new clothes and then finish my __10__(apply)．
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：Lynn 要去面试找工作，Kate给了她很多建议。
答案：
1．properly 修饰动词dress，用副词。
2．wearing consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”。
3．However 前后句之间是转折关系；再由标点逗号可知，填however而非but。
4．else else修饰不定代词和疑问代词而且均放在后面，意为“其它的，另外”。
5．which 由所在句子前后均有谓语动词可知，此处填连接词；再由句意可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为company，指物，介词for后接which。
6．interviewer 问考官(interviewer)一些问题。
7．best 准备好告诉考官你是那个职位的最佳(best)人选。
8．have studied 由时间状语“for 4 years”和句意可知，用现在完成时。
9．in way常与介词in搭配。in a confident and direct way“用一种自信而直接的方式”。
10．application 综合上下文，此处填名词。
九
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
(2014·吉林市三模)
Nowadays many singers and bands have little to do with good music. They know little about __1__ good music means. What is the cause?
So far most of these singers __2__(see) music as a “job” because it is a good source of making money. And if you have a good appearance and expensive clothes to show off at your concerts then your voice is not __3__ important as it should be. The public will prefer to admire more the most interesting parts of your body and even forget that you are there __4__(show) your music skills, not your dancing, which is important too, but not at such __5__ high level.
Therefore, many young girls on TV choose to wear the most provocative (挑逗性的) clothes to catch attention. __6__ when it comes to singing, they are in a complete mess and one doesn't need to have an ear for music to notice their lack __7__ talent.
However, the young generation should understand talent and a good voice matter more in their musical career. All the performances __8__ have little to do with good music fail to be welcomed on stage. If a young man has a great voice and wants to become a __9__(success) singer, he should take some special __10__(course) in this area because they will help him improve singing abilities.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：本文对当前很多歌手和乐队不把重点放在音乐本身一事展开了揭示和批评。
答案：
1．what 他们对什么是好音乐所知甚少。宾语从句中mean缺少宾语，所以填what。
2．have seen 由时间状语so far可知，用现在完成时。
3．as/so 由后面的as可知，此处为as...as...结构；在否定句中第一个as也可以换成so。
4．to show 由句意可知，此处用不定式表目的。
5．a such a high level“如此高的水平”。
6．But 前后句为转折关系。
7．of lack of... “缺乏……”。
8．that __8__ have little to do with good music为定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以填关系代词；先行词前有all，所以用that不用which。
9．successful 名词前用形容词修饰。
10．courses 由前面的some可知，此处用复数。course“课程”。
【辽宁卷题型】
(2014·豫东、豫北十所名校阶段性测试五)
Sarah：What can you refer to if you want to know how tall the tallest person in the world is? __1__ is only one place, where you will find the information. And that's the Guinness Book of World Records. This morning we have someone from the Guinness Company that produced that famous book, Tomas Manning. __2__ to the program, Tomas!
Tomas：Thanks, Sarah. It's a pleasure to be here.
Sarah：Perhaps you could start by telling us where the idea for the book came from?
Tomas：Well, it was first suggested in the early 1950s. Sir Hugh Beaver, the managing director of Guinness, was out shooting birds with some friends. A bird __3__(fly) away so quickly that no one was able to shoot it. Sir Hugh wondered whether this bird was the fastest bird in Europe. And it wasn't the fastest. He wondered __4__ it was.
Sarah：So I suppose he went to the __5__(near) library to look for the information and he couldn't find it.
Tomas：Yeah, that's exactly what happened. And this made Sir Hugh think there __6__ be other people in the same situation who wanted this kind of information. He thought that, like __7__， people would be interested in finding facts about the records to satisfy their __8__(curious).
Sarah：So __9__ idea for a book of records was born. And when did the first book come out?
Tomas：A few years later, in 1955. So __10__(answer) your question: the tallest person in the world is 231.7cm tall.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：本文介绍了《吉尼斯世界纪录》这本书的灵感从何而来。
答案：
1．There 只有一处地方，就是《吉尼斯世界纪录》。there be句型表示“有”。
2．Welcome 由上下文可知，此处是主持人的欢迎词，所以填welcome“欢迎”。
3．flew 此处介绍过去的一段经历，全部用一般过去时态。
4．what wonder后接宾语从句，从句中was缺少表语，所以填what。
5．nearest 由常识可知，应该去最近的(nearest)图书馆查找信息。
6．must 由句意可知，此处表示非常肯定的推测。一定有和他一样想要寻找这一信息的人。
7．him/himself 介词like后接宾语，所以用宾格形式或者反身代词。
8．curiosity satisfy one's curiosity“满足某人的好奇心”。
9．the 想有一本世界纪录的想法诞生了。此处表示特指。
10．to answer 不定式表示目的。
十
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
(2014·河北省“五个一名校联盟”质监一)
Have you ever heard “Tuhao, let's be friends”？ Are you puzzled, wondering __1__ it means? Then you're possibly out of date.
Nowadays, the Chinese words “tuhao” and “dama” have become so familiar __2__ many Chinese people that they often play jokes on each other when __3__ (chat) about the daily life. For example, if you take out your new __4__(fashion) mobile phone, your naughty friends may call you “tuhao”， laughing loudly and happily.
Amazingly, the two wildly popular words have become hot words in English too. Recently, the BBC __5__(produce) a program to introduce “tuhao”. __6__ the Internet, “tuhao” can be translated into “new money (暴发户)” in English. Besides, The Wall Street Journal has also borrowed “dama” from the Chinese pinyin __7__(describe) bargain-hunting middle-aged Chinese women, calling __8__“a force in the global gold market”. Experts say __9__ Chinese language's influence on English will continue during the entire 21st century，__10__ it is expected that “tuhao” will be welcomed by the Oxford University Press to appear in the new word lists.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：土壕、大妈等汉语变得非常流行。
答案：
1．what 根据上下文可知，此处需要一个连接代词作宾语从句的宾语，故填what。
2．to 此处是固定搭配，be/become familiar to sb.“(变得)为某人所熟悉”， 故填to。
3．chatting 此处是when they are chatting的从句主语省略形式，故填chatting。
4．fashionable 此处需要一个形容词，修饰mobile phone，故填fashionable。
5．has produced 根据recently可知，此处需要谓语动词的现在完成时形式，故填has produced。
6．On On the Internet此处是一个固定搭配。
7．to describe 根据下文可知，此处需要动词不定式表目的，故填to describe。
8．them 根据上下文可知，此处需要一个代词作宾语，指代bargain-hunting middle-aged Chinese women，故填them。
9．the 此处考查冠词，特指中国语言对英语的影响将继续存在。
10．so/and 根据上下文内容可知，此处表因果或顺接关系，故填so或and。
【辽宁卷题型】
(2014·开封市三模)
M：I'm so relieved. I just finished the story I was working on for our creative writing course.
W：I haven't finished mine __1__.I had trouble __2__(get) past the beginning.
M：How come?
W：I was really happy to be writing a detective story. But after the first few pages, I just __3__ write any more.
M：The same thing __4__(happen) to me. You can talk to Mrs. Wilson about it.
W：Actually, I went to ask for more time to finish the writing. But instead she gave me some good advice. She said the first thing I should do is just write anything that comes into my mind even if it doesn't make any __5__.
M：That's interesting. When I got __6__(stick)，I stopped to do __7__ else, you know, do some for one of my other courses.
W：Her methods seem to have worked for me. I have written most of the story, and I should be able to hand it __8__ on time, but l still need to go to the jewelry store.
M：You are going shopping?
W：I'm going there for my story. My detective story involves __9__ jewelry store robbery, so I want to go there in order to take a look at __10__ the cases are arranged, where the security cameras are placed.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：两位作家交流写作经验。
答案：
1．yet 承接上文，此处意为“我的小说还没有写完”。yet“还，尚，仍然”，常用在现在完成时的句子里。
2．(in)getting have trouble/difficulty (in)doing... “做某事有困难”。
3．couldn't 此处表示能力，时态为一般过去时。
4．happened 此处填谓语动词，时态为一般过去时。
5．sense make sense“有道理，讲得通”。
6．stuck get stuck表示被动，“被卡住”的意思，但经常引申来用，“进入僵局，抛锚，遇到困难”。
7．something something else“其它的事情”。
8．in hand in“上交”。
9．a 此处指“一次”珠宝店被劫事件。
10．how how表示方式。
十一
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
(2014·邯郸市二模)
Americans think time is money. They say, “You only get so much time in this life; you'd better use it __1__(wise)．” Americans __2__(train) to use their time for constructive activities，__3__ Americans admire a “well-organized” person，__4__ has a written list of things to do and a schedule for doing them. They do not waste people's time with conversations or other activities that have no visible beneficial result.
The American attitude __5__ time is not necessarily shared by others, especially non-Europeans. Non-Europeans are more likely __6__(regard) time as something that is simply there around them, __7__ something of great value. In this background，the fast food industry can be seen as a clear example of American cultural product. McDonald's, KFC, and other fast food __8__(company) are successful in a country where many people want to spend the __9__(little) amount of time preparing and eating meals. As McDonald's restaurants spread around the world, they have been viewed as symbols of American society and culture, __10__(bring) not just hamburgers but speed, efficiency(效率), and shiny cleanliness.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：本文讲述了美国人的时间观。
答案：
1．wisely 用副词修饰动词use。
2．are trained 美国人被培训养成了使用自己的时间做建设性的事情的习惯。所以用被动语态。
3．so/therefore 前后句之间为因果关系，所以填so/therefore。
4．who 此处为定语从句引导词，空后的从句缺少主语，所以填关系代词；先行词是人，所以填who。非限制性定语从句不用that。
5．to/toward(s) attitude“态度”后接介词to或者toward(s)。
6．to regard be likely to do... “可能做……”。
7．not/rather than/instead of 非欧洲人把时间看得很随意而不是很有价值的东西。
8．companies 空后的are可知，此处用复数。
9．least 在人们花最少时间准备饭菜和吃饭的国家里，麦当劳、肯德基和其他一些快餐公司都很成功。little的最高级为least。
10．bringing bring与句子主语they之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用其-ing形式作状语。
【辽宁卷题型】
(2014·唐山市二模)
Mr. Woods：I'd like a double room for tonight.
Clerk：Do you have a reservation?
Mr. Woods：Yes. I __1__(call) you last week. My name is George Woods.
Clerk：Wait __2__ second, please. (She checks the computer.) Yes, Mr. Woods, we have a room reserved for you. How long do you plan __3__(stay)?
Mr. Woods：__4__(probable) two days. My wife will join me tomorrow. Then we'll decide when to leave __5__ Seattle.
Clerk：Would you sign the register, please?
Mr. Woods：By the way, does my room have a private bath?
Clerk：Certainly. __6__ of the rooms in this hotel has a private bath.
Mr. Woods：I have a __7__(prefer) for a room with twin beds. Does my room have twin beds or a double?
Clerk：Twin beds. __8__， it also has a view of the sea. I'm sure you'll like it... It's on the eighth floor. Room 801.
Mr. Woods：Thank you. One more thing, where is your restaurant?
Clerk：The restaurant is on the second floor __9__ you can enjoy dishes from all over the country. We also have a bar. If you would like something to drink, you can either call room service __10__ come down here. The bar is right behind the restaurant.
Mr. Woods：Thank you.
Clerk：You're welcome.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：本文是Mr. Woods的订房电话。
答案：
1．called 由时间状语“last week”可知，用一般过去时。
2．a wait a second“请等一下，请稍等”。
3．to stay plan to do“打算做某事”。你打算住多久？
4．Probably 此处为省略句。完整表达为I plan to stay probably two days。
5．for leave for“前往……”。
6．Each 由句意可知，此处表示所有房间都有淋浴室。再由后面谓语动词为has可知，填each而非all。
7．preference have a preference for sth. “爱好某物，偏好某物”。
8．Actually/Besides/What's more 房间里是两张单人床，此外“Actually/Besides/What's more”，还可以俯瞰大海。空后的also是提示词。
9．where 此处为定语从句。先行词为floor，从句中缺少地点状语，所以填关系副词where。
10．or either...or...“或者……或者……”。
十二
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
(2014·嘉峪关市一中第六次模拟)
China's Tea Villages
In most Chinese tea villages, March is the time of year in __1__ locals start to pick and process tea. The usually quiet villages suddenly become busy centers of activity, as people take out special tools and prepare __2__ tea processing. In some villages, local residents hold traditional ceremonies, __3__(thank) heaven for its blessing. The price of tea __4__(pick) in March is extremely high because __5__ is fresh, tender and contains multiple trace elements.
China __6__(be) famous for tea production since ancient times. Of the goods transported and traded along __7__ Old Silk Road linking China to the Middle East and Europe, the importance of tea was matched only by silk. China produces Oolong, black, green, white, yellow __8__ dark (post-fermented) tea. The Oolong, green and black __9__(vary)are most notable for their high quality.
Most of China's tea villages are found in remote mountainous areas in the country's south and southwest, __10__ the beautiful scenery is often hidden under clouds.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．which 这里含有一个介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句，指物只能用which。
2．for prepare for是固定用法，意思是为……做准备。
3．thanking “local resident”与“thank”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词，所以填thanking。
4．picked “tea”与“pick”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。
5．it 指代“茶”，所以用it。
6．has been 表示自过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历，用现在完成时。
7．the 特指古老的丝绸之路，故用定冠词the。
8．and 表示并列关系，故用and连接。
9．varieties 作主语，故用名词形式。
10．where 这里含有一个定语从句，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
【辽宁卷题型】
(2014·河南濮阳市二模)
Dr. Kate：Radio __1__(change) a lot since we were young. It used __2__ be the major source of fun for the family.
Bob：Nowadays when you turn on the radio, you either hear music, a talk show __3__ news.
Dr. Kate：__4__(fortunate), you can choose the kind of music you want to hear.
Bob：Yes, and there is a lot of points of view when you listen to talk shows. I usually enjoy __5__(listen) to them. I particularly like it when a caller disagrees with the talk show host. I like to hear how he will defend his ideas.
Dr. Kate：Some talk show hosts are very rude to those __6__ have opposing ideas. I really find that terrible.
Bob：It seems that people only listen to the radio __7__ they are driving in their car.
Dr. Kate：That is true for me, but I know that my husband listens to it while he is working __8__ home.
Bob：Now if I think about it, I realize that a lot of stores have the radio __9__(play)．
Dr. Kate：It's still a useful and pleasant form of __10__(communicate)．
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：本文主要讲的是收音机在今天的用途。
答案：
1．has changed 由时间状语since从句可知，此处用现在完成时。
2．to used to“过去常常，惯于”。
3．or 现在打开收音机，你要么听音乐、听脱口秀节目或者新闻。either...or...“或者……或者……”。
4．Fortunately 用副词修饰整个句子。
5．listening enjoy后接代词、名词或动名词。所以此处用listening。
6．who/that 一些脱口秀主持人对持异见的人非常粗鲁。先行词是those，指人，从句部分缺少主语，所以填关系代词who或者that。
7．while 好像人们只在开车的时候听音乐。while “当……的时候”符合语境。下一句话也有提示“...while he is...”。
8．at 考查固定搭配。at home“在家里”。
9．playing 很多商店让收音机一直开着。have...doing...是指让某人一直做某事或者让某事一直在进行，强调动作的持续性、连续性或者动作的反复性。
10．communication 介词of后接名词。communication“交流”。
十三
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
(2014·贵州省4月适应性考试)
I was in the line at McDonald's. I was going to walk to order my food __1__ I noticed a young man，who was not having the best of luck and it showed on his face.He walked in carrying his__2__(belong)in a torn plastic bag.
I moved over so he could order.He looked at the board，checked his pockets and didn't seem to have enough for anything.So，he turned around and walked out.I picked up my coffee and followed__3__out. He__4__(go) maybe five paces when I shouted，“ Hey! Do you want a pizza？” A little __5__(embarrass), he said“I don't have any money.”I told him __6__ (come) back in.We approached the cashier and I said，“What kind do you want？”He __7__ (whisper)，“Sandwich.”I said.“Go ahead.Tell her what you want.”
“Do you want anything __8__？ ” “Can I have a coffee？”， he asked me. I said，“ Yes. Tell her.” He did. The total came to$2.30, which is small change __9__(compare) to what the typical person spends in a day.But to him, it __10__(make)a great difference.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：在麦当劳排队时，作者帮助了一位穷人。
答案：
1．when be going to do...when...“正要……就在这时(突然)……”。
2．belongings belongings“财产”。
3．him 我端起咖啡跟了出去。此处him指代the man。
4．had gone 在我喊住他之前，他已经走了大约五步。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”符合语境。
5．embarrassed 修饰人用过去分词形式的形容词。
6．to come tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”。
7．whispered 分析语境，此处填谓语动词；再由全文时态可知，用一般过去时。
8．else/more Do you want anything else/more？“你还要点什么？”。
9．compared compared to“与……相比”。
10．made/must have made 根据全文时态，用一般过去时；must have done表示对过去的一个事情的肯定推测。
【辽宁卷题型】
(2014·山西省阳泉市二模)
M：Auntie, your home must be very close to the airport. It has taken no more than half an hour to drive from the airport __1__ your house.
W：Yes, it would __2__(take) us more than an hour to drive to town if we hadn't lived closer to the airport. Now, would you like to get inside the restaurant and get __3__ to eat?
M：That sounds great. I __4__(starve) now.
W：What would you like to eat?
M：What about some rice and some vegetables?
W：Honey, you are now in America. You should get used to American food. How about __5__(eat) some pizzas?
M：I think American pizza is different from __6__I have tasted in China. __7__， I wouldn't miss the chance to taste American pizza now that I'm in America.
W：George might be coming home soon, so we __8__ as well order two large pizzas.
M：Who is George?
W：He is the American name of your cousin.
M：Now that I'm in America, I wish I would have __9__ American name as well. But I have no __10__ what name I want.
W：Let's just call you Mike, a good American name. And now, it's high time we started to enjoy the food.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：Auntie接待来自中国的朋友的事情。
答案：
1．to 考查介词。from...to...“从……到……”。
2．have taken 考查时态。由空后的“if we hadn't lived closer to the airport”可推知，这是对过去的事实的假设，所以主句应该使用would have done形式。
3．something 考查代词。到旅馆来吃点“什么”。something表示模糊的概念 “若干，一些；什么”。
4．am starving 考查时态。由时间状语now和上下文语境可知，此处用现在进行时。
5．eating 考查非谓语动词。How about doing sth.？“做某事如何？何不做某事？”。
6．what 考查名词性从句连接词。此处from后接宾语从句，从句中tasted缺少宾语，所以使用what。
7．Therefore/So 考查连词。前后句意为因果关系，所以therefore或so。
8．may/might 考查情态动词。may/might as well do sth.“最好……；还是……为好；不妨……”。
9．an 真希望自己也有一个美国名字。此处用不定冠词表示泛指，而American首字母是元音音素，所以用an不用a。
10．idea 考查名词固定搭配。have no idea“不知道”。
十四
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
(2014·山西大学附中5月)
Beer and fried chicken—this combo has recently become the __1__(popular) late-night snack eaten inside dorms and documented in Weibo and Wechat updates. Thanks to the popular South Korean drama Man From the Stars, this new mix-and-match junk food trend has taken off __2__ young audiences despite its __3__(health) nature. Indeed, K-dramas have been __4__ major force in the South Korean pop culture wave __5__ has captured the hearts of young Chinese. Apart from pretty faces, fashion is __6__ highlight. Critics and Industry insiders agree that the recipe for K-dramas' success __7__(consist) of several main ingredients—handsome and cute stars __8__(dress) in the latest fashion trends; youth fantasies; and __9__(create) storylines. With love triangles, serious diseases, and Cinderella tales, the storylines in K-drama might seem commonplace. Man From the Stars challenges this norm by integrating aliens __10__ time travel into these standard stories.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：《来自星星的你》的成功原因探究。
答案：
1．most popular 炸鸡和啤酒，这个看似怪异的搭配，最近竟成了宿舍里最受追捧的夜宵和微博、微信上最火的词语。多音节形容词、副词的最高级是在其前加the most。
2．among 因为正在热播的韩剧《来自星星的你》的关系，这一垃圾食品的全新混搭组合尽管有害健康，但还是受到年轻观众的追捧。
3．unhealthy 见上题解析。
4．a 的确，韩国电视剧(简称：韩剧)，已成为推动韩国流行文化潮流的主力军，成功虏获了中国年轻观众的心。
5．that/which 此处为定语从句的引导词。
6．another 除了俊男美女，时尚是另外一个亮点。another“另一，再一”。
7．consists consist of“由……组成”，主语是success，所以用其单数第三人称。
8．dressed and前后是名词词组。所以此处用非谓语动词，由短语be dressed in可知，用过去分词形式。
9．creative 有创造力的故事情节。creative“有创造力的”。
10．and 《来自星星的你》将外星人和穿越融入到剧情当中，颠覆了韩剧剧情的定式。
【辽宁卷题型】
(2014·银川市三校联考)
Interviewer：Hi, young man. Could you tell me something about yourself and why you are applying __1__ this job?
Interviewee：I left school three months ago. I got As in nearly every subject. I am not going to university __2__ I have to support my family now. My father __3__(retire) recently. My parents need money for my younger brother and sister's tuition fees.
Interviewer：I see. Have you had any __4__ (work) experience?
Interviewee：I worked in __5__ radio factory for two months.
Interviewer：That's a very short time, isn't it?
Interviewee：Yes. The factory wanted extra people for their busy season.
Interviewer：I understand. __6__ are you interested in this job?
Interviewee：My wish is to become a skilled technician. Will I be trained here?
Interviewer：Partly. If you __7__(pass) our tests, you will be able to go to technical school classes twice a week. The tests are held after you have been here for three months. We'll know by then if you're __8__( suit ) for the job.
Interviewee：That's fine. I will make sure that I pass.
Interviewer：All right. I'll give you a __9__. My secretary will tell you __10__ to see. You could start work on the first day of next month. Is that all right?
Interviewee：Yes, and thank you very much indeed.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：本文记叙了一次求职经历。
答案：
1．for apply for“申请”。
2．because 我不上大学因为我要养家。前后句之间是因果关系，所以填because。
3．has retired 由时间状语recently可知，用现在完成时。
4．working working experience“工作经验”。working作定语。
5．a 我在一家无线电厂工作了两个月。factory为可数名词，在此表泛指，所以填a。
6．Why 由答语“My wish is to become a skilled technician.”可知，此处问的是申请该工作的原因。
7．pass/can pass if引导的条件句用一般现在时表将来。
8．suitable be suitable for... “适合……”。
9．chance 面试官答应给面试者一个“机会”。
10．whom 秘书会告诉你去见“谁”。
十五
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
(2014·东北三省四市第二联考)
The task of being accepted in a university begins early for some students. Long before they graduate __1__ high school, these students take special courses to prepare for advanced study. They may also take one or more examinations that test __2__ well prepared they are for the university. In the final year of high school, they complete __3__(apply) and send them to the universities __4__ interest them most. Some high school students may be required to have __5__ interview with people from the university. __6__(neat) dressed and a little bit frightened, they are determined to show that they have a good attitude and the ability to succeed.
If the new students __7__(accept), many universities will offer an instruction program for them to get to know the procedures for students advising, university rules, the use of the library and all the __8__ major services of the university.
Beginning a new life in a new place can be very __9__(puzzle). The more knowledge students have about the school, the easier __10__ will be for them to adapt to the new environment. However, it takes time to get used to college life.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。有些高中生很早就开始为大学做准备，特别是在高中的最后阶段，他们需要充分备考。进入大学之后，他们会得到学校的指导，以便更快地适应大学生活。
答案：
1．from 考查介词。根据文章的第一句话可知，空格前的“graduate”应与介词from搭配，意为“从……毕业”，符合文意。故空格处填from。
2．how 考查宾语从句。“test”之后接的是宾语从句，well prepared是形容词短语，应用how来修饰。故空格处填how。
3．applications 考查名词。空格处在句中作宾语，由此结合空格后的代词“them”可知，空格处应用提示词的名词复数形式。故空格处填applications。
4．which/that 考查定语从句。“universities”作为定语从句的先行词并且在从句中作主语，因此应用which/that作为定语从句的引导词。故空格处填which/that。
5．an 考查冠词。根据语境可知，空格处表示的是泛指，interview读音的第一个音素是元音，因此应用不定冠词an。故空格处填an。
6．Neatly 考查副词。空格处在句中作状语，修饰dressed，因此应用提示词的副词形式。故空格处填Neatly。注意单词首字母大写。
7．are accepted 考查动词的时态和语态。空格处在句中作谓语，且与主语是被动关系，由此结合“主将从现”原则可知，空格处应用一般现在时的被动语态结构。故空格处填are accepted。
8．other 考查代词。根据空格前内容可知，此处指的是大学的其他主要服务。故空格处填other。
9．puzzling 考查形容词。空格处在句中作表语，由此结合句中的主语可知，空格处应用提示词的现在分词形式(此处为现在分词形容词化)。故空格处填puzzling。
10．it 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语，而能够作形式主语的代词只有it。故空格处填it。
【辽宁卷题型】
(2014·太原市二模)
Mary：Tom, it seems that people are again aware of the importance of learning, so “lifelong learning” __1__(become) a very fashionable term recently. Can you explain exactly what it means?
Tom：Well. It's a philosophy, or you may say an attitude towards learning. __2__(tradition), we have thought of learning as something we did when we were young. We went to school, maybe college or university, then the majority went to work, and “learning” stopped. Well, nowadays, __3__ you know, learning does not stop there.
Mary：You mean, we should be learning all the time?
Tom：Exactly. We should be learning all the time as long as we are living. We should never give __4__ our dream.
Mary：I see. But you know I can't afford to go to school.
Tom：This is where the Internet plays __5__ important role. We can learn about everything from the Internet. It is an information service—it keeps us __6__(inform) about whatever we want to know.
Mary：Can I get information about music I want to know?
Tom：Surely. The Internet provides a medium of education you need. Let's compare __7__ with the traditional way of gaining education—going to an educational institute and enrolling in classes. We probably attend __8__(lesson) and have both teachers and textbooks.
Mary：It's so __9__(convenient) for us adults to attend traditional classes.
Tom：That's right. But with the Internet, we can search for any information we need in the comforts of our homes.
Mary：I feel so happy. Now, I can realize my dream __10__ stepping out of my house.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：本文是一篇对话。主要介绍了何为终身学习以及网络学校的好处。
答案：
1．has become 考查动词的时态。根据句子结构可知，所给词在句中作谓语动词，因此根据句中的时间状语“recently”可知，此处需用现在完成时，根据主语“lifelong learning”可知，have应用第三人称单数形式。故填has become。注意become的过去分词和原形一样。
2．Traditionally 考查副词。根据句子结构可知，所填的词是用来修饰整个句子的，所以应用副词。又因为在句首故首字母要大写。故填Traditionally。
3．as 考查连词。根据句子语境可知，此处表示“如同你所了解的一样”，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，用来代替整句话的意思。故填as。
4．up 考查副词。根据语境可知，此处指“放弃”的意思。故填up。
5．an 考查冠词。此处是短语“play a role”，意为“起作用”，又因为本句中有“important”修饰。故填an。
6．informed 考查非谓语动词。根据题干结构可知，“inform”在句中作宾补，而且与宾语“us”之间是逻辑上的被动关系。“keep sb.informed about/of”意为“让某人了解……”。故填informed。
7．it 考查代词。此处指将网络教育与传统教育相对比。所填的词用来代替上句提到的“The Internet”。故填it。
8．lessons 考查名词复数。与其后的“teachers and textbooks”相照应可知，此处应用复数形式。故填lessons。
9．inconvenient 考查形容词。根据上下文语境可知，此处强调网络学习的便利，而传统方式与之相比就不那么便利了。故填inconvenient。
10．without 考查介词。此处指通过网络学习不出家门就能学到想学的东西。故填without。
十六
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
(2014·广州市二模)
The “suspended coffee” project began in Italian cafés as a way to help the poor. The idea was for café customers to buy an extra cup of coffee and reserve __1__ for those unable to afford a hot drink. Since then it __2__(gain) popularity in Europe, and now the idea has reached Shanghai.
Chiato Coffee，__3__ operates in Pudong Library, began offering suspended coffee last Tuesday. On the first day, the shop sold 31 cups of the reserved coffee，__4__ only four were drunk. The manager said the first customer for suspended coffee was a man in his 40s, who felt it was __5__ interesting idea and worth trying.
Cao Jie, the café owner, says few people have taken up the offer __6__ they don't know about it. But she believes that the program will be very __7__(practice) in China, and she hopes the concept can be spread to other businesses.
Ma Lingling, a tea specialist says that, compared with __8__(donate) money, food or clothing, helping people to drink coffee is a kind of spiritual care, which provides the receiver with more respect and dignity. But she thinks the café should make more efforts __9__(convince) people that their donations will really reach those people truly __10__ need.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍的是一种被称为“待用咖啡”的爱心活动，倡议人们额外多买一杯咖啡，献给那些买不起咖啡的人。
答案：
1．it 考查代词。根据空格前内容可知，空格处指代的是前面提到的an extra cup of coffee，表特指。故空格处填it。
2．has gained 考查动词的时态。根据空格前的时间状语“Since then”可知，空格处应用现在完成时。故空格处填has gained。
3．which 考查定语从句。“Chiato Coffee”为定语从句的先行词在从句中作主语，因此应用关系代词which作为引导词。故空格处填which。
4．but 考查连词。根据空格处前后的内容可知，空格处表示的是转折关系，因此应用连词but。故空格处填but。
5．an 考查冠词。根据语境可知，空格后的名词“idea”表示的是泛指，因此空格处应用不定冠词，又因为“idea”以元音音素开头。故空格处填an。
6．because 考查状语从句。空格后的内容表示的是原因，因此应用because来引导原因状语从句。故空格处填because。
7．practical 考查形容词。空格处在句中作表语，因此应用提示词的形容词形式。故空格处填practical。
8．donating 考查非谓语动词。介词with之后应接动名词作宾语。故空格处填donating。
9．to convince 考查非谓语动词。根据动词短语“make efforts t课件78张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题一语法填空
2014年新课标卷中的单项选择题正式退出历史舞台，随之而生的是高考新题型——语篇型语法填空题。《2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲·课程标准实验版》对英语科中出现的这一新题型，就其设计与形式明确地给出了具体的说明：(语法填空题)共10小题，每小题1.5分。在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容(不多于3个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式。本部分所需时间约为10分钟。
语法填空题的考查宗旨在于：考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法和语言知识的掌握情况，着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力，其“突出语篇，强调运用”的命题思路，不仅充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则，也很好地体现了高中英语课程改革的教学理念，与《课程标准》所提出的英语课程的性质完全吻合。其命题规律主要体现在：
1．从语法的句子结构与语法形式入手
语篇中的句子结构和常见的语法形式是命题者关注的重点，如：
(样题)Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished __65__(make) them, so he couldn't have done it.
解析：finish doing就是句子结构和语法转换的有效结合。
答案：making2．从词汇的本义、转义和前后缀的变化入手
每一篇语言材料都会给出适当的提示词，且给出的提示词多是词汇的本义，命题者就是要求考生根据所给词汇的本义，利用适当的语言环境进行词性的转换，前后缀的变化做题。如：
(样题)Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. I'm sure he was in the kitchen __4__(early)．
解析：early的变化形式就是此类试题的命题经典。
答案：earlier3．从语境语篇的线索以及标志性信息词入手
语篇线索的关键体现即是根据上下文中一些标志性信息词的暗示来进行命题，如：
(样题)I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table __2__ I went to answer the phone.
解析：句中空缺部分的填入要根据上文的关键信息词I... left them on the table... I went to answer the phone.和文章最后的关键信息词．.. when the phone rang.分析判断。
答案：when1．通读全文， 了解大意。
既然是利用语篇在语境中考语法， 那么， 我们在解题前要快速浏览短文， 了解全文大意。这一步非常重要。
2．试填空格，先易后难。
读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语境 (也就是上下文)，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词在句中作何种句子成分，从而推断出它的词性，然后再根据句子意义的完整性去确定填一个表示什么意义的代词、冠词或介词等，最后根据句子与句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填哪个关联词。在解题过程中，要先易后难。
3．重读全文， 解决难题。
在大部分空格填好后，再仔细推敲难题。此时难题也就不再难了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾再复读一遍进行核查。
一、纯空格类试题的答题要诀
纯空格类试题其考查的语言项目主要有：行文逻辑、冠词、连词、介词、关系词等。首先，分析句子结构确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词。具体分析方法有：
要诀1 名词、代词、动名词前设空，首先考虑限定词与介词
【解读】在纯空格类试题中， 如果在名词前设空，答案应首先考虑限定词与介词。限定词包括冠词(a, an, the)、物主代词(my, your, his等)、名词所有格、不定代词(no, some, any, one, each, every, either, neither, another, other 等)。【例句1】What is a good education? ________ question is far from being answered. Once more, colleges and universities are revising their programs: they drop “fun courses” and reestablish some of the traditional subjects neglected since the 1960s.
解析：question为名词，其前设空，答案应首先考虑限定词。上文已经提及这个问题 “What is a good education？”所以下面要论述的问题应表示特指，故用定冠词the。
答案：The
【例句2】His teacher took a deep drink，...thanked his student very much for the sweet water...After the student left, the teacher let ________ student taste the water.
解析：考查代词。由student 单数可知前面代词应指一个人，由上文“After the student left”可知是另一个学生。
答案：another【例句3】Nick replied，“The only reason a man would sell salt 1.________ a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 2.________ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”
解析：考查介词。第一空at a lower price为固定用法，意思是：以较低的价格。第二空respect for sth.意思是：对……的尊重。
答案：1.at 2.for
要诀2 及物动词后设空，首先考虑代词或名词
【解读】如果动词是及物动词，其后应跟宾语。因此如果在及物动词后设空，应首先考虑代词，尤其是宾格代词，以代替上文提到的人或者事物，或结合语境填入名词作它的宾语。
【例句1】I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused ________.
解析：及物动词后缺宾语，纯空格考虑填入人称代词宾格。cause sb. sth.为固定结构，故答案为her。
答案：her
【例句2】...although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ________.
解析：句子缺宾语。根据句意，给父亲买礼物，根据常识应是使父亲高兴，作宾语用代词宾格。please him/father使他高兴。
答案：him
【例句3】When I looked into their eyes, I found they didn't care, which told me it would be useless, but when I looked into ________， I saw kindness.
解析：句中looked into 后缺宾语， 故填代词； 根据前文their eyes 得知此空要填名词性的物主代词。
答案：yours
要诀3 平时注意积累，注意习惯搭配
【解读】语法填空中的一些纯空格题实际上考查的是习惯搭配。解决此类问题，考生需要注意平时积累一些常见的固定搭配和习惯用语，多阅读地道的英语文章，培养语感，这样在做题时就可以游刃有余，又快又好。
【例句】________ view of the rising popularity of 3D films, 80 percent said the growth prospect would be good in the coming 12 months, and 60 percent suggested that 3D technology would offer more business opportunities over the next three years.
解析：in view of “鉴于，考虑到 ” 为固定搭配。
答案： In要诀4 掌握并列句和主从复合句的结构。若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，就必须要有连词，否则句子结构就不完整。接着通过判定从句类型来选择适当的连词。
【解读】(1)如果判定从属连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用，则为定语从句。再根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么句子成分，来确定用何关系词，若在从句中作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若作状语就用关系副词。
(2)如果判定从属连词所引导的从句起名词的作用(作主语、宾语、表语、同位语)，则为名词性从句，再根据名词性从句的连接词在从句中的意义和作什么句子成分，来确定用什么连接词。
(3)如果判定从属连词所引导的从句起副词的作用，则为状语从句。再根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或连词在从句中作什么句子成分，来确定合适的连词。
【例句1】One day, he came up with an idea ________ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.
解析：that引导同位语从句， 补充说明前面idea 的内容。
答案：that
【例句2】In Lanzhou I visited a factory ________ everything was very simple, including its equipment and the director's office, yet the factory turned out quite good products.
解析：这是一个定语从句， 先行词是factory, 在这里它是一个表示场所的名词。空格处所需要的关系词在定语从句中作状语，所以用where。
答案：where
【例句3】He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ________ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.
解析：因He was very tired...是一个句子， he felt very happy...也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知两句话是转折关系，故填but。
答案： but
【例句4】We understand this lesson best ________ we receive gifts of love from children.
解析：考查时间状语从句， 表示“当……的时候”，故填when。
答案：when
【例句5】．．． the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ________ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.
解析：who引导从句作介词as to (关于)的宾语， 同时在从句中充当主语。
答案：who
【例句6】Jane paused in front of a counter ________ some attractive ties were on display.
解析：因两句之间没有连词， 必定是填连词； 后句应该是定语从句， 要填的词必须代替先行词counter 同时又在从句中作地点状语， 故填关系副词where.
答案：where
要诀5 若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。
【例句1】What is acceptable in one country ________ be considered extremely rude in another.
解析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句，空格后的be considered是谓语；因其中的be是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词may。
答案：may【例句2】He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ________ bring home a regular salary.
解析：这是一个由but连接的并列句，由前一分句的谓语动词had是一般过去时可知，后一分句的谓语动词bring也应用一般过去时；可是，bring却用的是原形，既与语境的时态不符，也与主语he不一致，该句不是倒装句，因此，此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did；由句意和作者的语气推测，应当填对谓语动词表示强调的助动词did(的确)。
答案：did
要诀6 由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。
(1)由it is...that...强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。
【例句】...and __40__ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn't eat MSG (味精)!
解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填it。
答案：it
(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。
【例句】 ________ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.
解析：由can you expect to...可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为“only ＋状语(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。
答案：Only(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。如：
【例句1】 ...as __32__ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists...
解析：由句式结构可知，这是it takes sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式to steal paintings是真正的主语，空格处填形式主语it。
答案：it
【例句2】Dating sites also make __36__ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.
解析：由句式结构可知，to avoid...是真正的宾语，easy是宾补，空格处应填作形式宾语的it。
答案：it
(4)so /such...that...句型。如：
【例句】This made the goat so jealous __34__ it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey.
解析：由句式结构可知，这是so...that...句型，应填that。
答案：that1．________ is difficult to estimate the total value of what was stolen as only the bank's clients know the content of their safes.
2．For overseas business, including Google, they should respect laws, regulations and relevant policies of ________ host countries.
3．It has been said before, but experiencing it myself has made ________ want to say it again: a smile can cross all language barriers.4．Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not ________pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or pushed you with their elbows, hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.
5．It was mid-afternoon and I had been listening to the radio and reading ________ book.
6．Caldor held ________ show to introduce the works of Grandma Moses to other artists.
7．It really is ________ honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before.8．________ conditions Dickens described continue, almost unchanged today, in many parts of the world.
9．She found some good quality pipes ________sale.
10．The young man went home ________ a happy heart.
11．“Thank you for ________ you've said. I hope I will never be too busy to help others.”
12．It is one of the few places in the world ________ the bones and footprints of dinosaurs have been found together.
13．This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about ________the mind can deal with pain.
14．After 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone, ________ was our only transport.
15．________ I am not his mother, he always regards me as his.
16．In Japan, for example, it is normal for the woman to send chocolates to the man, ________in Korea April 14th is known as “Black Day”．
答案：1.It 2.their 3.me 4.a 5.a 6.a 7.an
8．The 9.on 10.with 11.what 12.where 13.how 14.which 15.Although 16.while
二、有提示词类试题的答题要诀
有提示词题是指“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”这类题，它一般只考查谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。
1．给出了动词的试题
要诀1 首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。
【例句1】His fear of failure ________(keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joy.
解析：因主语His fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词played可知，要用一般过去时，故填kept。
答案：kept
【例句2】That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, ________ (close) my book and walked away.
解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词declined，但由and walked可知，所填词与declined和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去时closed。
答案：closed
【例句3】In Logan, three people ________(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.
解析：因主语three people与take是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were treated可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken。
答案：were taken要诀2 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用-ing形式、-ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：
(1)作主语或宾语，通常用-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。
【例句1】...but it is not enough only ________(memorize) rules from a grammar book.
答案：to memorize
解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize。
【例句2】 ________(speak) out your inner feeling won't make you feel ashamed, on the contrary...
解析：句中已有谓语won't make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填speaking。
答案：Speaking
(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。如：
【例句1】 ________(complete) the project as planned, we'll have to work two more hours a day.
解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填to complete。
答案：To complete
【例句2】Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ________(succeed)．
解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填to succeed。
答案：to succeed
(3)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词；是被动关系，用过去分词。
【例句1】He saw the stone, ________(say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.”
解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。
答案：saying
【例句2】 The headmaster went into the lab, ________ (follow) by the foreign guests.
解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语。
答案：followed
【例句3】There will be a meeting, ________(start) later this year to review the film.
解析：因a meeting与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明a meeting，故填starting。
答案：starting
【例句4】Lessons ________(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.
解析：因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。
答案：learned
特别提醒：有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。如：
But Jane knew from past experience that her ________ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
解析：括号中所给词choose虽然是动词，但在句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，应当填choose的名词形式choice。
答案：choice
2．空格处的提示词为形容词、副词时，首先考虑比较级或最高级形式或者形容词的副词形式。
【解读】在语法填空中，对形容词、副词的考查主要是指对形容词、副词的比较级或最高级的考查，因此要特别注意一些形容词、副词的比较级或最高级的不规则形式，如well/ good—better—best; bad—worse—worst等。如果所给提示词为形容词，还要注意可能会用形容词的副词形式。
【例句1】Regardless of our dreams of thinking computers, there is a much ________(great) and more immediate way to get our computers to work harder.
解析：本题空格处所给提示词为形容词，因此考虑用形容词的比较级或最高级形式，结合下文的more可知此处应用比较级。
答案：greater
【例句2】Now I just select the person's name from my address book and press the “call” key. A recent study claimed that people's memories are getting ________(bad) because they can't remember their friends' phone numbers.
解析：本题空格处所给提示词为形容词，因此考虑用形容词的比较级或者最高级形式，再结合语境可知，此处用比较级较妥。
答案：worse
【例句3】The phrase “TV stoned” is used to describe a person who is ________(complete) deaf and blind to everything but his favorite show on television.
解析：本题空格处所给提示词为形容词，且位于形容词之前，据此推测答案应为副词，用来修饰形容词，该词的副词形式为completely。
答案：completely
3．词类转换题
根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。
(1)表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。如：
【例句1】 In a ________(danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to...
解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。
答案：dangerous
【例句2】Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________(interest) in the subject.
解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣的”，填interested。
答案：interested
(2)作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。
【例句1】 When China's ancient scientific and technological ________(achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.
解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，China's ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。
答案：achievements
【例句2】These people have made great ________ (contribute) to China with their work.
解析：在句中作及物动词have made的宾语，要用名词形式；表示作贡献，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contributions。
答案：contributions
【例句2】With the large numbers of students, the ______ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.
解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填operation。
答案：operation
(4)修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：
【例句1】As I looked ________(close) at this girl, I fount that...
解析：修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词，故填closely。
答案：closely
【例句2】There must be something ________(serious) wrong with our society.
解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副词，故填seriously。
答案：seriously
【例句3】Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet ________ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time...
解析：修饰because引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填mainly。
答案：mainly(5)有可能是词义转换题，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-， im-等，在词根后加-less等。如：
【例句1】People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________(use)．
解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知，作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”，故填useless。
答案：useless
【例句2】Your mistake caused a lot of ________(necessary) work in the office.
解析：在名词前作定语，仍用形容词形式；但根据句意，“错误引起了许多不必要的麻烦事”，故填unnecessary。
答案：unnecessary1．Then came another rider, the old man ________(catch) his eyes and said, “Sir, would you mind doing me a favor？”
2．The dinosaur ________(force) to adapt and evolved into a smaller animal needing less space and food.
3．Kids make a person responsible and mature, which ________ (help) us to understand life better.
4. In 1983 there were only 200 computers ________(connect) to the Internet.
5. But this type of housing, ________(call) co-housing, is gaining popularity in the United States.
6．European officials hope to avoid the economic disasters which could become even worse if Greece fails ________(pay) its debt.
7．The building was still shaking while I was ________(walk) along the street.
8．She wished that he was as easy ________(please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.9．When ________(ask) the reason why he did it, he kept silent.
10．We drank together and talked ________(merry) till far into the night.
11．She painted ________(careful) and her works were nice.
12．But the leaders did not announce any ________(detail) plan for Greece after meeting Thursday.
13．The wait seemed ________(end). Then came another rider...14．A recent survey shows 78% of all the 17,000 people questioned have developed ________(environmental) friendly habits in their daily lives.
15．On his ________(arrive), he parked his bike outside the back door as usual.
答案：1.caught 2.was forced 3.helps 4.connected
5．called 6.to pay 7.walking 8.to please 9.asked 10.merrily 11.carefully 12.detailed 13.endless 14.environmental 15.arrival课件53张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题二完形填空第一讲 记 叙 文 专题二
记叙文是高考完形填空题的常用体裁，作者通过叙述的方式表达对某一特定人物或事件的情感或评价。记叙文完形填空的主要特点如下。
1．记叙为主隐含情感。记叙文以记叙为主，这类文章一般都有较为完整的六个要素，即时间、地点、人物、事件(经过)、原因、结果。记叙文虽然以记叙为主，但它也要表达作者自己对某一特定人物的情感或评价，这些对人物的评价或情感态度作者并不明说而是常隐含在描述性的文字中。
2．情节曲折信息量大。作者在叙述的过程中往往还会把人物的语言、行为、心理的描写融入到叙述中，增加了理解文章的难度。考生必须理清上下文的脉络，对人物的语言、行为、心理等做出合理的想象与推理，并仔细揣摩作者的用意，才能对具体的语境理解到位。
3．蕴含哲理耐人寻味。有些叙述性完形填空往往在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的生活哲理，因此考生不仅要理解文章的字面意思，更重要的是要挖掘文章的内涵和哲理。That was why she was alone on the __39__， wearing an expensive swimsuit. It has taken a massive tantrum to __40__ her parents to buy it. They were back at the beach-house, __41__ from the tantrum she had thrown when they told her that it was too dangerous to go diving __42__. “Dangerous？” she had said. “You just don't want me to have __43__. I'm going and if you try to stop me, I'll scream.”
“What are you doing？” a voice asked. Diane jumped. She did not know that the man was there __44__ he spoke.
“I'm going diving，” she answered.“You shouldn't swim today，” the man __45__. “There is a storm coming up.”
“You should mind your own __46__！” Diane replied and walked into the gentle waves.
“If you go out there you'll be __47__，” the man called after her. She did not bother to reply.
Diane slipped into the water and dived __48__ until white caps began rolling in and it became harder to __49__ against the current (水流). Saltwater hit against her face, making it __50__ to breathe. Oh, why had she not listened to advice?
Panicking, she began to __51__.Then, just as it seemed as if she would slip beneath the surface, she heard a __52__ voice. “Hold on ! I'm coming.” With __53__， she saw the old man rowing an ancient-looking boat towards her. “I hope you've learned a lesson. You put us both in __54__，” he shouted angrily, as he dragged her over the side of the __55__. Gratefully, Diane thanked him and ran towards the beach-house.36．A.either B．neither
C．nothing D．everything
37．A.jump B．lie
C．spin D．sleep
38．A.set out B．set in
C．gave in D．gave out
39．A.beach B．bed
C．floor D．ship
40．A.allow B．warn
C．get D．prefer41．A.changing B．recovering
C．appearing D．traveling
42．A.alone B．away
C．again D．aside
43．A.time B．money
C．food D．fun
44．A.when B．until
C．after D．once
45．A.decided B．intended
C．advised D．repeated46．A.business B．swimsuit
C．friends D．parents
47．A.angry B．sorry
C．confused D．excited
48．A.nervously B．sadly
C．shyly D．happily
49．A.rise B．swim
C．stop D．row
50．A.difficult B．easy
C．comfortable D．suitable51．A.speak B．sing
C．sniff D．scream
52．A.calm B．frightening
C．beautiful D．disgusting
53．A.regret B．relief
C．interest D．ease
54．A.power B．safety
C．danger D．thought
55．A.house B．wave
C．beach D．boat
记叙文要这样读
1．理清文章所用人称
本文是以第三人称进行记叙的，使用第三人称的记叙文是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述，显得语气比较客观。
2．了解文章结构形式
本文按时间先后顺序安排情节和内容，其优点是条理清楚、层次分明。但是在有些记叙文中作者可能会采用插叙甚至倒叙的写作手法。3．把握记叙文六大要素
这篇文章的六个要素为：事件：外出潜水；人物：Diane Ray；时间：when Diane Ray went diving；地点：the sea；原因：Diane Ray was completely self-centred and very spoilt；结果：一次经历让她明白了一个做人的道理。弄清了这六个要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。
4．明确作者写作目的
就事论事肯定不是记叙的目的，而是通过叙述阐明一个道理。这篇文章的写作目的在文章最后一段的倒数第二句，即“I hope you've learned a lesson.”
记叙文题要这样做
第一步：速读全文，理清主线，把握主旨
本文主线：戴安自私任性→耍孩子脾气弄到游泳衣→去海上潜水→不听从老人劝告→遇险→被老人救助→明白生活的道理
文章大意：戴安是一个被父母宠坏的小女孩，靠耍小孩脾气从父母那儿得到了她所有想得到的东西。但是一次经历让她明白了一个做人的道理。第二步：逐句推敲，瞻前顾后，顺藤摸瓜
1.逐句推敲，理清联系，找出主题句
本文的主题句为：Diane Ray was completely self-centred and very spoilt.
2.瞻前顾后，锁定信息词，比对选项
以第一段为例，文中第一段的信息词为：throw a temper tantrum，scream，kick。
3.顺藤摸瓜，敲定答案
由第一段所提供的信息词可知Diane Ray是一个被父母宠坏的小女孩，故36、37、38题顺理成章的应选everything；lie；gave in。
第三步：通读全文，统筹兼顾，重点击破
带着已选答案，迅速通读全文，着眼一个“通”字，保证语义通顺，逻辑顺畅，符合作者情感历程轨迹；否则，不通则变，重点击破，重新考虑所选选项。
解题模板
36．D 由于知道如果不随她所愿，她一定会耍小孩脾气，她的父母给她一切她想要的东西。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是该句中的“throw a temper tantrum”及第一段最后一句“Her parents always __38__”。
37．B 她就会尖叫、踢打并躺在地上蹬腿跺脚。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空后的“on the floor”。
38．C 她的父母总是屈服。词义辨析题。明确各选项意义是关键：set out“出发，开始”；set in“开端，来临”；give in“屈服，让步”；give out“分发，发布，用尽”。
39．A 那就是为什么她穿着昂贵的游泳衣，独自在沙滩上。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是该空后的“wearing an expensive swimsuit”及41空前的“beach-house”。40．C 这套泳衣是狠耍了小孩子脾气后她父母才给买来的。词义辨析题。明确各选项意义是关键：get sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”；allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”；warn sb. to do sth.“警告/提醒某人做某事”；prefer sb.后不能用to do sth.。
41．B 当她的父母告诉她独自去潜水很危险时，她耍了脾气，她父母回到海滩房以恢复好情绪。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空后的“the tantrum she had thrown”及第二段最后Diane所说的话。
42．A 当她的父母告诉她独自去潜水很危险时，她耍了脾气，她父母回到海滩房以恢复好情绪。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是第二段第一句中的“alone”。
43．D “危险？”她说，“你们只是不想让我玩得高兴。我会去，如果你们阻止我，我就尖叫。”习惯搭配及固定结构题。have fun“玩得高兴”，为习惯搭配。
44．B 直到他说话，她才知道有个人在那儿。语法结构题。not...until“直到……才……”，符合语境。45．C “你今天不应该游泳”，老人建议道。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空前的“You shouldn't swim today”及倒数第二段最后一句中的“advice”。
46．A “你少管闲事”，Diane回答道，她走进泛起微波的水中。习惯搭配及固定结构题。mind one's own business是固定搭配，意为“少管闲事”。
47．B “如果你去那儿，你会后悔的”，那个人在她后面喊。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是倒数第二段最后一句对Diane感到后悔的描述。48．D Diane滑进水里，开心地潜水直到白浪开始卷入，逆水游泳已经变得比较困难了。词义辨析题。明确各选项意义是关键：nervously“紧张地”；sadly“难过地”；shyly“害羞地”；happily“高兴地”。
49．B Diane滑进水里，开心地潜水直到白浪开始卷入，逆水游泳已经变得比较困难了。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是该句中的“white caps began rolling in”。
50．A 咸咸的海水打在她的脸上，让她难以呼吸。生活常识及文化背景题。根据生活常识可知，Diane面临的危险境况令她难以呼吸。51．D 惊慌中，她开始尖叫。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空前的“panicking”。
52．A 然后，正当她似乎要被卷入水面以下时，她听到一个冷静的声音。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是文章第三段中提到的老人知道她去游泳了，文章最后一段提到老人准备了船来救她，以上信息说明老人有备而来，故声音应该是平静的。
53．B 看到老人驾着一艘旧船向自己驶来，她松了一口气。词义辨析题。明确各选项意义是关键：regret“后悔”；relief“宽慰，轻松”；interest“兴趣”；ease“舒适”。
54．C 当他把她拖到船的一边时，他生气地喊道“我希望你已经得到了一个教训，你将我们两个人都置于危险之中。”生活常识及文化背景题。根据生活常识可知，在有风暴的日子来到海上，应该是危险的。
55．D 当他把她拖到船的一边时，他生气地喊道“我希望你已经得到了一个教训，你将我们两个人都置于危险之中。”上下文语义理解题。信息依据是最后一段第三句中提到的老人划着一条小船来救她，故此处应是把她拽上小船。一
(2014·新课标卷Ⅱ)
Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top __1__， but on their way back conditions were very __2__. Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon __3__ alone, he would probably get back __4__. But Simon decided to risk his __5__ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳)．As they __6__ down, the weather got worse. Then another __7__ occurred. They couldn't see or hear each other and, __8__， Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁). It was __9__ for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up. Joe's __10__ was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. __11__， after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to __12__. In tears, he cut the rope. Joe __13__ into a huge crevasse(裂缝)in the ice below. He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. He couldn't walk, but he __14__ to get out of the crevasse and started to __15__ towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers __16__.Simon had __17__ the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be __18__， but he didn't want to leave __19__. Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joe's voice. He couldn't __20__ it. Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.
文章大意：这是一篇记叙文，两个朋友Simon和Joe在成功登顶后回程途中遭遇恶劣天气，Joe又摔断了腿，Simon冒着生命危险尽力营救Joe，但是，最后不得不含泪放弃。而Joe努力自救，最后二人团聚。全文体现了人们对于生命对于友谊的坚持、不放弃。1．A.hurriedly B．carefully
C．successfully D．early
答案：C 由上文他们是爬上the Siula Grande的第一批人，可知他们成功登顶。故选C项。
2．A.difficult B．similar
C．special D．normal
答案：A 上文是成功，but表示转折可知下文是不好的情况，所以选A项，“回去的路上，情况很困难”。其它都不合题意。3．A.climbed B．worked
C．rested D．continued
答案：D 由上文Joe摔断了腿，可知如果simon(不照顾Joe)自己继续走下去的话，他会回去的。
4．A.unwillingly B．safely
C．slowly D．regretfully
答案：B Simon自己会安全地回去的。safely安全地，强调结果。而slowly慢慢地，此处应该强调对比照顾与不照顾Joe的结果。故选B项。5．A.fortune B．time
C．health D．life
答案：D 由上文提到如此艰难的环境，还要照顾断腿的Joe，这是冒着生命的危险，故选D项。
6．A.lay B．settled
C．went D．looked
答案：C 由上文可知，他们是在下山，所以选C项，go down下去；而lie down躺下，settle down定居下来，look down向下看，皆不合题意。7．A.damage B．storm
C．change D．trouble
答案：D 由下文“他们彼此既看不见又听不见”，可知“又一个问题出现了”，故选D项，trouble问题，麻烦事。
8．A.by mistake B．by chance
C．by choice D．by back
答案：A 由上文“他们彼此既看不见又听不见”，且由and连接，可知由此产生了不好的结果，因此选A项，by mistake错误地。by chance偶然地；by choice出于自愿；by luck幸运地，皆不合题意。
9．A.unnecessary B．practical
C．important D．impossible
答案：D 由上下文可知Joe爬回去是不可能的，Simon把他拉上去也是不可能的，故选D项。
10．A.height B．weight
C．strength D．equipment
答案：B 由上下文可知，Joe在下面，他的重量正在把Simon拉下悬崖。11．A.Finally B．Patiently
C．Surely D．Quickly
答案：A 在寒冷和黑暗中经过了一个多小时，最终，Simon不得不做出决定，应选A项，finally，最后，此处强调事情的结果。
12．A.stand back B．take a rest
C．make a decision D．hold on
答案：C 由下文In tears, he cut the rope.可知是Simon不得不做出决定。13．A.jumped B．fell
C．escaped D．backed
答案：B 由上文，Simon割断了绳子，那么Joe只能摔落，掉进下面的冰的裂缝中。fall摔倒，跌落。其它不合题意。
14．A.managed B．planned
C．waited D．hoped
答案：A 由下文，他出了裂缝，开始朝向营地爬，可知要用manage设法做成了某事，强调成功做成的结果。而BCD项“计划”、“等待”、“希望”，与下文题意不符。15．A.run B．skate
C．move D．march
答案：C 由上文，Joe摔断了腿，可知只能朝向营地移动，用move。而run跑、skate滑冰、march行军，都是不可能的。
16．A.around B．away
C．above D．along
答案：B 营地有十公里远，用away，离开，远离，符合题意。17．A.headed for B．traveled to
C．left for D．returned to
答案：D 由下文Simon不愿意离开，可知Simon回到了营地。故选D项。
18．A.dead B．hurt
C．weak D．late
答案：A 根据上文环境那么艰苦而Joe又断了腿，可以推断“Joe一定是死了”。故选A项。19．A.secretly B．tiredly
C．immediately D．anxiously
答案：C 由but表示转折可以看出，虽然Simon认为Joe一定是死了，但他不愿意马上离开。故选C项，immediately迅速，马上。其它不合情景。
20．A.find B．believe
C．make D．accept
答案：B 他听到了Joe的声音，因为以为Joe已经死了，所以不能相信他还活着。故选B项。
二
(2014·山东卷)
Charlotte Whitehead was born in England in 1843, and moved to Montreal, Canada at the age of five with her family. While __1__ her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charlotte discovered she had a(n) __2__ in medicine. At 18 she married and __3__ a family. Several years later, Charlotte said she wanted to be a __4__. Her husband supported her decision.__5__， Canadian medical schools did not __6__ women students at the time. Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States to study __7__ at the Women's Medical College in Philadelphia. It took her five years to __8__ her medical degree.
Upon graduation, Charlotte __9__ to Montreal and set up a private __10__. Three years later, she moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, and there she was once again a __11__ doctor. Many of her patients were from the nearby timber and railway camps. Charlotte __12__ herself operating on damaged limbs and setting __13__ bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area.But Charlotte had been practising without a licence. She had __14__ a doctor's licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was __15__. The Manitoba College of Physicians and Surgeons, an all-male board, wanted her to __16__ her studies at a Canadian medical college! Charlotte refused to __17__ her patients to spend time studying what she already knew. So in 1887, she appealed to the Manitoba Legislature to __18__ a licence to her but they, too, refused. Charlotte __19__ to practice without a licence until 1912. She died four years later at the age of 73.
In 1993, 77 years after her __20__， a medical licence was issued to Charlotte. This decision was made by the Manitoba Legislature to honor “this courageous and pioneering woman.”
文章大意：本文主要讲述了一位传奇医生的追梦历程和无私奉献的一生。
1．A.raising B．teaching
C．nursing D．missing
答案：C 整个一年中都在照顾生病的姐姐时……，nurse意为护理。
2．A.habit B．interest
C．opinion D．voice
答案：B 夏洛特发现她对医药感兴趣。have a interest in 对……感兴趣。
3．A.invented B．selected
C．offered D．started
答案：D 18岁时，夏洛蒂结婚开始了家庭生活。start 开始。
4．A.doctor B．musician
C．lawyer D．physicist
答案：A 有后文可知他想成为一名医生。
5．A.Besides B．Unfortunately
C．Otherwise D．Eventually
答案：B unfortunately意为不幸的是，加拿大不允许女子入学。
6．A.hire B．entertain
C．trust D．accept
答案：D 参考上一题解析。accept接受。
7．A.history B．physics
C．medicine D．law
答案：C 根据后文提示可知为医药大学。
8．A.improve B．save
C．design D．earn
答案：D earn意为获得，获得医药学历。
9．A.returned B．escaped
C．spread D．wandered
答案：A 据上文知蒙特利尔是她的家乡，学成后返回。
10．A.school B．museum
C．clinic D．lab
答案：C 开办一个私人诊所，即clinic。
11．A.busy B．wealthy
C．greedy D．lucky
答案：A 由下文知夏洛蒂为附近人们服务，因而busy很忙。
12．A.helped B．found
C．troubled D．imagined
答案：B find sb. doing发现某人一直做某事。
13．A.harmful B．tired
C．broken D．weak
答案：C 接上断掉的骨头，broken意为断掉的。
14．A.put away B．taken over
C．turned on D．applied for
答案：D 由上下文知，她曾经申请过医生执照，但被拒绝。
15．A.punished B．refused
C．blamed D．fired
答案：B 参考上一题的解析。
16．A.display B．change
C．preview D．complete
答案：D complete意为完成，一所大学邀请她完成学业。
17．A.leave B．charge
C．test D．cure
答案：A 由原文知她不愿离开病人去学习。leave离开。
18．A.sell B．donate
C．issue D．show
答案：C issue意为颁发，发行。
19．A.continued B．promised
C．pretended D．dreamed
答案：A 由上文知，夏洛蒂没有获得执照，但继续行医。continue意为继续。
20．A.birth B．death
C．wedding D．graduation
答案：B 在夏洛蒂去世77年后，获得执照，death意为去世。课件73张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题二完形填空第1讲 记叙文 专题二
夹叙夹议文完形填空是最近几年高考经常涉及的一类体裁。该类完形填空所选文章常常在平淡的故事中蕴含着丰富的哲理，作者既可以让读者从一个简单的故事中体会到生活的意义，又能引起读者对人生、生活、社会价值的思考及对人际关系等话题的自省反思。该类文章处处折射出智慧的光芒和启迪，耐人寻味，可读性很强。此类完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点：
1．事例——观点。先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。
2．观点——事例。先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。
3．观点——事例——观点。提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。
【例】 (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday”， which was to make us more __36__ the problems faced by disabled people. We were asked to “ __37__ a disability” for several hours one Sunday. Some members，__38__ chose to use wheel chairs. Others wore sound-blocking earplugs(耳塞)or blindfolds(眼罩)．
Just sitting in the wheelchair was a __39__ experience. I had never considered before how __40__ it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down, my __41__ made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not __42__. Then I wondered where to put my __43__. It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into __44__. I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of __45__ for several hours. For disabled people, “adopting a wheelchair” is not a temporary(临时的) __46__.
I tried to find a __47__ position and thought it might be restful, __48__ kind of nice, to be __49__ around for a while. Looking around, I __50__ I would have to handle the thing myself! My hands started to ache as I __51__ the heavy metal wheels. I came to know that controlling the __52__ of the wheelchair as not going to be a(n)__53__ task.
My wheelchair experiment was soon __54__. It made a deep impression on me. A few hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the __55__， both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome.36．A.curious about B．interested in
C．aware of D．careful with
37．A.cure B．prevent
C．adopt D．analyze
38．A.instead B．strangely
C．as usual D．like me
39．A.learning B．working
C．satisfying D．relaxing
40．A.convenient B．awkward
C．boring D．exciting41．A.height B．force
C．skill D．weight
42．A.locked B．repaired
C．powered D．grasped
43．A.hands B．feet
C．keys D．handles
44．A.place B．action
C．play D．effect
45．A.operation B．communication
C．transportation D．production46．A.exploration B．education
C．experiment D．entertainment
47．A.flexible B．safe
C．starting D．comfortable
48．A.yet B．just
C．still D．even
49．A.shown B．pushed
C．driven D．guided
50．A.realized B．suggested
C．agreed D．admitted51．A.lifted B．turned
C．pressed D．seized
52．A.path B．position
C．direction D．way
53．A.easy B．heavy
C．major D．extra
54．A.forgotten B．repeated
C．conducted D．finished
55．A.weaknesses B．challenges
C．anxieties D．illnesses
夹叙夹议文要这样读
1.明确文章的行文结构
要理清文章的结构，弄清文章是“事例—观点”型，还是“观点—事例”型，还是“观点—事例—观点”型，只有理清了文章的结构才能更容易地理解文章，做出正确的选择。
本文结构为先叙述，然后再揭示故事所蕴含的哲理。文章先叙述作者在一次体验残疾人活动中使用轮椅的经历，然后针对这件事情发表自己的看法，揭示生活的真理。
2.体会叙述和议论的联系
夹叙夹议中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时，掌握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合人物心理和行为的描述全面把握文章才能正确解题。
3.重视语境的作用
叙述与议论的结合，使得此类文章常会出现事件与观点的变换，从而突出了对语境的依赖。这就要求在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境辨析词语，找到正确答案。
夹叙夹议文题要这样做
第一步：通读全文，了解大意，把握文章结构
首先跳过空格处快速通读全文，了解其主旨和情节脉络，把握文章的结构特点，确定解题思路。
本文大意：本文通过讲述“我”在一次体验残疾人活动中使用轮椅的经历，说明了残疾人生活的艰辛。
第二步：综合考虑，根据叙事所用语言和心理描写的关键词逐项填空并推敲少数难题
如：本篇文章第二段中作者在叙事时所用语言及心理描写的关键词为：I had never considered before how 40_awkward it would be to use one，由此可知作者从未考虑过坐在轮椅里是多么笨拙的一件事，故39题指对“我”而言只是坐轮椅便是一个学习的过程，故A项正确。
逐项填空之后，要对少数难题进一步推敲，排除不当选项逐步确定答案。如第36题较难，做题时需结合空格前sensitivity的含义“感受，敏感”以及常识来推断出该活动的目的是让人们对于残疾人在生活中所面临的问题有更多的了解。另外，从本文结尾作者的感受中也可判断出应选择C项。
第三步：复核全文，调整答案
题目全部做完后，应根据所选答案再一次通读全文，核查答案，看全文意思是否完整，用词是否达意，上下文是否连贯，有无前后矛盾的逻辑错误等。
解题模板
36．C “我”参加了一个名为“Sensitivity Sunday”的小组活动，该活动旨在让大家了解残疾人面临的一些问题。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是文章首句中的“sensitivity”及最后一段作者感悟到的内容。
37．C 我们被要求在一个星期天“接受残疾”几个小时。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是第二段最后一句中的“adopting a wheelchair”。38．D 一些成员也像“我”一样选择使用轮椅。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是下文各段中谈到的作者坐轮椅的经历和感悟。
39．A 只是坐轮椅便是一次学习的过程。上下文语义理解题。本空所在的句子是第二段的主题句，其他内容均体现了坐轮椅是学习的过程。
40．B “我”以前从来没有考虑过使用轮椅是多么难应付的事。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是第二段的第三、四、五、六句。41．D “我”一坐在轮椅上，我的体重就使得轮椅开始转动起来。生活常识及文化背景题。根据常识，当作者坐下后，应该是其体重使得轮椅动起来。
42．A 轮椅的轮子没有被锁上。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是第二段第三句提到的作者一坐上去，轮椅的轮子便动起来。
43．B “我”不知道应该把脚放在哪里。 上下文语义理解题。信息依据是第二段第六句中的“footrest”。44．A “我”花了好一会儿才把金属脚踏板调试好。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是第二段第五句的“where”。
45．C “我”第一次不安地看了看将要在上面度过几个小时的唯一的交通工具。词义辨析题。明确各选项意义是关键：operation“手术”；communication“交流，通讯”；transportation“运输，运输工具”；production“成果，产品，生产”。
46．C 对于残疾人来说，坐在轮椅上绝非是一种暂时的体验。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是最后一段第一句中的“experiment”。
47．D “我”试着找到一个舒适的坐姿，以为这样或许可以放松一下，甚至想如果被人推着四处走动一下就更好了。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是本句中的“restful”。
48．D “我”试着找到一个舒适的坐姿，以为这样或许可以放松一下，甚至想如果被人推着四处走动一下就更好了。逻辑关系题。信息依据是空前的“restful”和空后的“nice”，两者为递进关系，故选even表程度。
49．B “我”试着找到一个舒适的坐姿，以为这样或许可以放松一下，甚至想如果被人推着四处走动一下就更好了。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是第三段第二句。由该句可知，作者原以为会有人推着自己四处转转。
50．A 环顾四周，“我”意识到必须得靠自己推动轮椅！词义辨析题。明确各选项意义是关键：realize“意识到”；suggest“建议，暗示”；agree“同意，与……一致”；admit“承认，允许加入”。51．B 当“我”转动沉重的金属轮子时，“我”的手开始疼起来。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空前的“My hands started to ache”和空后的“the heavy metal wheels”。
52．C “我”开始明白控制轮椅的方向并不是一项容易的任务。生活常识和文化背景题。根据生活常识可知，转动轮椅的轮子后，下一步就是把握轮椅的方向。
53．A “我”开始明白控制轮椅的方向并不是一项容易的任务。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是第三段第三句中的“ache”及“the heavy metal wheelchair”。
54．D “我”坐轮椅的体验不久就结束了。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是第一段第二句提到的“for several hours one Sunday”及第四段第二句“It made a deep impression on me”。
55．B 几个小时的“残疾”体验只是让“我”体会到了残疾人所面临的身体上和精神上的挑战，而这些挑战却是残疾人必须要克服的。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是第二段第六句提到的调试脚踏板费了好大劲，第三段最后两句提到的转动轮椅的轮子及控制方向时的困难。As we were __3__ on the third floor for old people with Alzheimer(老年痴呆症), most of them __4__ off at the walls or floor. However, one lady __5__ my eye. She was sitting by the door, in a wheelchair, singing songs to herself. They weren't the songs that we were singing, at least they didn't __6__ like that. As we got __7__ with each festive song, she did as well. The louder we got, the louder she got. __8__ she was singing, she was also __9__ out to us with her hands and body. I knew that I should have gone over to her, but I thought that my __10__ were to my students. People who worked at the care center could __11__ to her, I thought. Just when I stopped feeling __12__ about not giving her the attention she needed, one of my students, Justin, showed me what the holiday season is really about.
Justin also __13__ the same lady. The difference between us is that he __14__ on her needs, but I didn't. During the last song, Silent Night, Justin walked over to her and held her hand. He looked this aged lady in her __15__ and with his actions said，“You are important, and I will take my __16__ to let you know that.”
This tired, elderly lady stopped singing and held his hand. Then she touched his cheek with the other hand. Tears began to fall down her face. No __17__ can completely describe that touching moment...
It __18__ a boy to teach me, a man, about kindness and love. Justin's example of a complete, selfless attitude toward another was a __19__ that I will never forget. He was the teacher that day, and I consider myself __20__ to have witnessed his lesson.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。假期作者带着学生去护理中心看望老人，一位学生对老人的举动深深地感动了作者。
1．A.rooms B．buildings
C．floors D．groups
答案：C 考查名词辨析。句意为：前两层住的是那些自理需要帮助的老人们。A项意为“房间”；B项意为“建筑”；C项意为“楼层，地板”；D项意为“群体”。根据下文“on the third floor for old people with Alzheimer(老年痴呆症)”可推知，此处是指护理中心的前两层楼。故选C项。
2．A.bravely B．shyly
C．madly D．beautifully
答案：D 考查副词辨析。句意为：我们为他们献上了几首优美的歌曲。A项意为“勇敢地”；B项意为“害羞地”；C项意为“疯狂地，狂热地”；D项意为“美丽地”。根据下文“our sweet songs”可知，我们唱了几首优美的歌曲。故选D项。
3．A.dancing B．meeting
C．gathering D．singing
答案：D 考查动词辨析。句意为：当我们在三楼给那些患有老年痴呆症的老人们唱歌时，大多数的老人都呆呆地盯着墙或地板。A项意为“跳舞”；B项意为“会见”；C项意为“聚会”；D项意为“唱歌”。根据下文“They weren't the songs that we were singing”可知，我们去三楼为老人们献唱。故选D项。
4．A.stared B．shut
C．paid D．glared
答案：A 考查动词辨析。A项意为“盯着看”；B项意为“关闭”；C项意为“付钱”；D项意为“怒目而视”。根据上文“old people with Alzheimer(老年痴呆症)”可推知，这些老年痴呆症的患者对作者们的表演是没有什么反应的，故表现得比较呆板，只盯着墙或地板。故选A项。
5．A.looked B．caught
C．escaped D．hurt
答案：B 考查动词辨析。句意为：然而，一个老太太吸引了我的眼球。A项意为“看”；B项意为“抓住”；C项意为“逃跑”；D项意为“伤害”。固定搭配：catch one's eye，意为“吸引某人的眼球，引起某人的关注”，符合语境。故选B项。
6．A.appear B．hear
C．sound D．feel
答案：C 考查动词辨析。句意为：她所唱的歌不是我们正在唱的歌，至少听起来不像。A项意为“出现”；B项意为“听见”；C项意为“听起来”；D项意为“感觉”。与上文“songs”相呼应可知，此处表示听起来。故选C项。
7．A.louder B．nearer
C．faster D．higher
答案：A 考查形容词辨析。句意为：当我们更大声地唱每一首欢快的歌曲时，她也更大声地唱着。A项意为“更大声的”；B项意为“更近的”；C项意为“更快的”；D项意为“更高的”。根据下文“The louder we got”可知，作者和他的学生们在大声歌唱。故选A项。
8．A.Because B．As
C．Since D．Though
答案：B 考查连词辨析。句意为：她一边唱着，一边向我们伸出双手，伸展着自己的身体。A项意为“因为”；B项意为“因为，随着，正如，一边……一边”；C项意为“自从，既然”；D项意为“尽管”。根据下文“also”可知，此处表示老妇人一边唱一边移动着身体。故选B项。
9．A.moving B．reaching
C．coming D．spreading
答案：B 考查动词辨析。A项意为“移动，搬迁，感动”；B项意为“到达，够得着”；C项意为“来”；D项意为“传播”。固定搭配：reach out to sb.意为“把手伸向某人”，符合语境。故选B项。
10．A.interests B．abilities
C．feelings D．responsibilities
答案：D 考查名词辨析。句意为：我知道我本应该向她走去，但是我想我的责任是要对我的学生负责。A项意为“兴趣”；B项意为“能力”；C项意为“感觉”；D项意为“责任”。 根据下文“People who worked at the care center could ________ to her，I thought.”可推知，作者认为大家各司其职，而作者的职责就是管好学生。故选D项。
11．A.speak B．object
C．attend D．compare
答案：C 考查动词辨析。句意为：我想，护理中心的工作人员会照顾她的。A项意为“说”；B项意为“反对”；C项意为“参加，照顾”；D项意为“比较”。根据上文“at the care center”可知，护理中心有义务照顾那些老人们，且与固定搭配：attend to sb.意为“照顾某人”相呼应。故选A项。
12．A.afraid B．sure
C．guilty D．scary
答案：C 考查形容词辨析。句意为：就在我不再因为没有给予她所需要的关注而内疚时，我的一个学生Justin向我展示了这个假期的真正意义之所在。A项意为“害怕的”；B项意为“肯定的，确定的”；C项意为“愧疚的，有罪的”；D项意为“害怕的”。根据上文“I knew that I should have gone over to her”可推知，作者对自己没有去关注那个老妇人而感到内疚。故选C项。
13．A.feared B．avoided
C．helped D．noticed
答案：D 考查动词辨析。句意为：Justin也注意到了那个老妇人。A项意为“害怕”；B项意为“避免”；C项意为“帮助”；D项意为“注意到”。根据上文“However, one lady ________ my eye.”和空格前的“also”可知，学生Justin也注意到了这个老妇人。故选D项。
14．A.called B．acted
C．insisted D．kept
答案：B 考查动词辨析。句意为：我们两个之间的差异就是他根据她的需要而行事，但是我没有。A项意为“打电话，称呼”；B项意为“表演，行动”；C项意为“坚持”；D项意为“继续前进”。固定搭配：act on意为“按照……而行动”，符合语境。故选B项。15．A.tears B．hands
C．eyes D．face
答案：C 考查名词辨析。句意为：他注视着她的眼睛，用他的行动对她说：“你很重要，我要用时间让你知道这一点。”A项意为“眼泪”；B项意为“手”；C项意为“眼睛”；D项意为“脸”。根据上文“During the last song，Silent Night，Justin walked over to her and held her hand.”可知，学生Justin特别关注老人，走过去注视着老人的眼睛，用肢体语言与她交流，告诉老人她很重要。固定搭配：look sb. in one's eyes意为“直视某人”。故选C项。
16．A.time B．flower
C．body D．cheek
答案：A 考查名词辨析。A项意为“时间”；B项意为“花，花朵”；C项意为“身体，主体”；D项意为“面颊”。固定搭配：it takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“某人花时间做某事”，符合语境。故选A项。
17．A.words B．poems
C．expressions D．songs
答案：A 考查名词辨析。句意为：没有什么言语能够完全描述这感人的时刻。A项意为“言语，单词”；B项意为“诗歌”；C项意为“表达，表情”；D项意为“歌曲”。与下文中的“describe”相呼应可知，此处表示言语。故选A项。
18．A.took B．wasted
C．caused D．made
答案：A 考查动词辨析。句意为：一个男孩儿教会我——一个成年的男人，什么是善良，什么是爱。A项意为“带走，花费”；B项意为“浪费”，C项意为“引起”；D项意为“使，制造”。固定搭配：it takes sb./sth. to do sth.意为“做某事需要某人/某物”，符合语境。故选A项。
19．A.message B．lesson
C．activity D．class
答案：B 考查名词辨析。句意为：Justin完全无私地对待他人的例子给我上了一堂我永远都不会忘的课。A项意为“信息”；B项意为“教训，课程”；C项意为“活动”；D项意为“班级”，根据下文“He was the teacher that day”和“have witnessed his lesson”可知，学生Justin的行为给作者上了很好的一课。故选B项。
20．A.clever B．foolish
C．right D．lucky
答案：D 考查形容词辨析。句意为：那天他就是一个老师。我认为我很幸运见证了他上的这一课。A项意为“聪明的”；B项意为“愚蠢的”；C项意为“正确的，恰当的”；D项意为“幸运的”。根据上文“I will never forget”可知，作者感到受益匪浅，很幸运。故选D项。
二
(2014·浙江卷)
I had worried myself sick over Simon's mother coming to see me.I was a new __1__， and I gave an honest account of the students' work. In Simon's case, the grades were awfully low. He couldn't read his own handwriting.__2__ he was a bright student. He discussed adult subjects with nearly adult comprehension. His work in no way reflected his __3__.
So when Simon's mother entered the room, my palms(手掌心) were sweating. I was completely __4__ for her kisses on both my cheeks. “I came to thank you，” she said, surprising me beyond speech.__5__ me, Simon had become a different person. He talked of how he __6__ me, he had begun to make friends, and for the first time in his twelve years, he had __7__ spent an afternoon at a friend's house. She wanted to tell me how grateful she was for the __8__ I had nurtured(培养) in her son. She kissed me again and left.
I sat, stunned (惊呆), for about half an hour，__9__ what had just happened. How did I make such a life-changing difference to that boy without __10__ knowing it? What I finally came to __11__ was one day, several months before, when some students were __12__ reports in the front of the class. Jeanne spoke __13__， and to encourage her to raise her voice, I had said, “Speak up. Simon's the expert on this. He is the __14__ one you have to convince, and he can't hear you in the __15__ of the room.” That was it. From that day on, Simon had sat up straighter, paid more attention, __16__ more, and became happy. And it was all because he __17__ to be the last kid in the last row. The boy who most needed __18__ was the one who took the last seat that day.
It taught me the most __19__ lesson over the years of my teaching career, and I'm thankful that it came __20__ and positively. A small kindness can indeed make a difference.
文章大意：本文是夹叙夹议的文章。通过因为无意中自己的一句表扬的话语竟然改变了一个孩子，所以请不要吝啬你的鼓励的语言。1．A.cleaner B．reporter
C．monitor D．teacher
答案：D 由空后的I gave an honest amount of the students' work可知，我是老师，故D项正确。
2．A.Or B．And
C．But D．So
答案：C 空前指“他的书写自己都读不出来”，而空后则说“他是个聪明的学生”，前后是转折关系，要用并列连词but连接并列句，故C项正确。
3．A.courage B．abilities
C．feelings D．dream
答案：B 上一句提到他几乎是用成年人的理解来讨论成年人的话题，所以，他的作业反映不出的应该是他的能力，故ability(能力)符合语境，B项正确。
4．A.desperate B．responsible
C．unprepared D．unsuitable
答案：C 上一句提到当西蒙的妈妈进入房间时，我的手掌出汗了。当她亲吻我的两颊时，是我意想不到的事情，也就是我完全没有做好准备。desperate绝望的，不顾一切的；responsible负责任的；unprepared没做好准备的；unsuitable不合适的。由语境可知C项正确。
5．A.Because of B．In spite of
C．Apart from D．As for
答案：A 上一句提到西蒙妈妈的话让我哑口无言。因为我，西蒙才成了一个不同的人。because of因为；in spite of尽管；apart from除……之外(还)；as for关于，至于。由语境可知A项正确。
6．A.loved B．envied
C．pleased D．criticized
答案：A 由前后语境可知，西蒙对妈妈说的是喜欢(love)我而非envy(妒忌)，please(使满足)，criticize(批评)，故A项正确。
7．A.gradually B．constantly
C．recently D．obviously
答案：C 由语境可知，此处表示第一次在他人生的前12年里，他近来在朋友家里呆了一下午。gradually逐渐地；constantly 经常地；recently近来，最近；obviously显而易见地。由语境可知C项正确。
8．A.self-respect B．self-doubt
C．self-pity D．self-defense
答案：A 由前后语境可知，西蒙妈妈感激我的是我培养了孩子的自尊(self-respect)而不是self-doubt(自我怀疑)，self-pity(自怜)，self-defense(自卫)，故 A项正确。
9．A.imagining B．observing
C．wondering D．regretting
答案：C 由前后语境可知，我没想到西蒙的妈妈会来，她说的话也是我意想不到的，因此，我惊呆了，接近半个小时的时间在疑惑到底发生了什么事。imagine想象；observe观测；wonder疑惑，想知道；regret遗憾，后悔。由语境可知C项正确。
10．A.also B．even
C．always D．still
答案：B 前面西蒙的妈妈提到，我改变了西蒙，此处指“我对西蒙的改变起了这么大的作用，我甚至不知道”。even甚至，表示递进符合语境，故B项正确。
11．A.expect B．remember
C．believe D．accept
答案：B 后面提到的某一天发生的事情应该是我记起来的，故remember正确。expect期望，预料；believe相信；accept接受，均不合语境，故B项正确。
12．A.writing B．reviewing
C．editing D．giving
答案：D 由语境可知，学生们在全班同学面前作报告。give reports作报告，为固定搭配，故D项正确。其他三项write写；review复习；edit编辑，均不合语境。
13．A.quietly B．repeatedly
C．quickly D．firmly
答案：A 由空后的speak up(大声说出来)可知，詹妮是在轻轻的说话，故A项正确。repeatedly重复地；quickly迅速地；firmly坚定地，均不合语境。
14．A.lucky B．lonely
C．only D．likely
答案：C 前一句提到，西蒙是这方面的专家，你只要让他信服就好了；也就是说，他是唯一一个你得使其信服的人，故选only，而非lucky幸运的，lonely孤独的与likely可能的。
15．A.entrance B．middle
C．front D．back
答案：D 前面提到，詹妮说话声音小，自然是坐在教室后面的同学听不见，故D项back符合语境。
16．A.slept B．smiled
C．shouted D．quarreled
答案：B 这就是西蒙变化的转折点。他坐得更直了，注意力更集中了，微笑的多了，变得快乐了。与 sit up straighter, pay more attention，become happy并列的只能是smile，而非sleep(睡觉)，shout(大声喊), quarrel(吵架)，故B项正确。
17．A.intended B．pretended
C．refused D．happened
答案：D 前面提到，我让詹妮说话大点声，因为坐在后面的同学听不见，而恰好西蒙就是在在最后一排的最后一名同学。happen to be碰巧是，符合语境。
18．A.change B．praise
C．thanks D．visits
答案：B 由前面的语境可知，就是无意当中的一句表扬的话竟然改变了一个孩子。也就是说，那天最需要表扬的孩子就是坐在最后排的那个。故B项正确。
19．A.difficult B．painful
C．valuable D．enjoyable
答案：C 前面那个故事使我学到了我多年教学生涯的一个很有价值的经验教训。difficult困难的；painful痛苦的；valuable有价值的；enjoyable令人愉快的。由语境可知，这件事情让我受益颇多，自然是有价值的，故C项正确。
20．A.early B．slowly
C．frequently D．occasionally
答案：A 由语境可知，西蒙的改变还不算晚，并且是朝着好的方面改变，因为这样我很感激。我无意当中的一句表扬的话语对西蒙的生活产生了如此巨大的影响。课件76张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题二完形填空第三讲 议论文 专题二
议论文是高考完形填空题中较难的一种文体，它一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。要做好议论文型完形填空，最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种模式：
1．观点—论证—总结。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点，然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。
2．导入—观点—论证。有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。
3．论证—结论。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。
The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) __39__ as we've known it.People have become so __40__ in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted __41__ they'd rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our __42__，but from our mobile phones as well.
Most developed nations have become __43__ on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it, and at this point not __44__ it would make them an outsider. __45__， many jobs and careers require people to be __46__.From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work.Being reachable might feel like a __47__ to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.
I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who __48__ wants it. Computers can be shut __49__ and mobile phones can be turned off.The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many __50__，as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up __51__ on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives.They can also make people feel __52__ and forced to answer unwanted calls or __53__ to unwanted texts.
Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society __54__ across generations.Some find today's technology a gift.Others consider it a curse.Regardless of anyone's view on the subject, it's hard to imagine what life would be like __55__ daily advancements in technology. 36．A.updated B．received
C．shared D．collected
37．A.though B．until
C．once D．before
38．A.respected B．shaped
C．ignored D．preserved
39．A.edge B．stage
C．end D．balance
40．A.sensitive B．intelligent
C．considerate D．reachable41．A.even if B．only if
C．as if D．if only
42．A.media B．computers
C．databases D．monitors
43．A.bent B．hard
C．keen D．dependent
44．A.finding B．using
C．protecting D．changing
45．A.Also B．Instead
C．Otherwise D．Somehow46．A.connected B．trained
C．recommended D．interested
47．A.pleasure B．benefit
C．burden D．disappointment
48．A.slightly B．hardly
C．merely D．really
49．A.out B．down
C．up D．in
50．A.aspects B．weaknesses
C．advantages D．exceptions51．A.hidden B．lost
C．relaxed D．deserted
52．A.trapped B．excited
C．confused D．amused
53．A.turn B．submit
C．object D．reply
54．A.vary B．arise
C．spread D．exist
55．A.beyond B．within
C．despite D．without
议论文要这样读
1．了解论点提出的三种方式，抓住文章的核心
议论文提出论点主要有三种方法：
一是开门见山地提出论点；
二是导入式提出论点；
三是最后提出论点。
本文在文章的一开始就提出论点，即由于数码技术的发展，独处的概念几乎不复存在。
2.关注文章的组织结构
这篇文章的结构为：第一段提出论点；第二段讲“独处”时代的终结；第三段以发达国家为例分别论述了新科技的影响；第四段论述了be“connected”and“on”的优缺点；最后一段得出结论：Regardless of anyone's view on the subject, it's hard to imagine what life would be like __55__ daily advancements in technology.
3.体会文章中的语言感彩
作者在写作时往往赋予了文章一定的感彩，语气和感彩的和谐会贯穿于全文。对语言感彩和谐性的掌握会为理解全文提供帮助。
议论文题要这样做
第一步：通读全文，从首尾句入手，抓住中心
议论文的写作思路一般为：提出问题——分析问题——解决问题。因此，文章的第一、二句话通常为文章的主题句，而最后常为文章的结论。由主题句：The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In this respect，new technologies have __38__ our culture.
可知，既然独处的概念几乎不存在，那么信息就是被共享的，所以第36题就可轻松选出答案shared。同样第39题所在句表达的意思也应该是与主题相关的：这种连接终止了孤独。bring... to an end“使……结束”。此外，既然独处的概念几乎不复存在，那么人们应该是能够经常被联系在一起，那么第40题中的四个选项，只有reachable(可到达的，可及的)，和这一主题一致。
第二步：综合考虑，逐项填空
在填空的过程中，首先要把握作者的观点和态度。议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的鲜明观点，而作者的观点即文章的论点。另外，还要注意段与段之间的逻辑关系。议论文的每一段往往就是一个论据，而论据间又是互为补充、互为联系的。
第三步：复核全文，整体把握
通读全文，检验是否每条论据都合情合理，都能强而有力地支撑论点。
解题模板
36．C 在数码技术、电子邮件、社交网络和在线视频游戏的世界里，信息就是用来分享的。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是文章第一句中谈到的在数码世界里，独处几乎是不存在的。
37．C 独处一旦被放弃就很难发现。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是文章第一句中提到的“almost non-existent”。
38．B 在这方面，新的技术已经塑造了我们的文化。词义辨析题。明确各选项意义是关键：respect“尊重，尊敬”；shape“塑造”；ignore“忽视，不予理睬”；preserve“保存，保护”。
39．C 正如我们已经了解的那样，渴望被联系终结了独处。习惯搭配及固定结构题。bring... to an end “使……结束，使……终止”，是固定搭配。
40．D 在这个网络和连通的世界里，人们已经变得很容易联系到，以至于即使他们宁愿不被联系到，也很容易被联系到。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是第三段最后一句中复现的“reachable”。
41．A 在这个网络和连通的世界里，人们已经变得很容易联系到，以至于即使他们宁愿不被联系到，也很容易被联系到。语法结构题。even if“即使”，引导让步状语从句。42．B 今天我们不仅可以用电脑来交谈、发短信、发电子邮件、聊天、写博客，而且也可以用手机做这些事情。生活常识和文化背景题。根据常识交谈、发短信、发电子邮件、聊天、写博客，这些事情通常可以通过电脑或手机来做。
43．D 大多数发达国家已变得依赖数字技术，因为他们已经习惯了数字技术。词义辨析题。明确各选项意义是关键：become dependent on“变得依赖于”；become bent on“变得一心想要……”；become hard on“变得对……要求严厉”；become keen on“变得对……有兴趣”。44．B 从这一点来说，不使用数字技术将会使他们成为局外人。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是本句中逗号前面讲述的内容，即“become dependent on digital technology”。
45．A 另外，很多工作和职业需要人们相互之间保持联系。逻辑关系题。信息依据是该空前面一句讲的内容和空后所述的内容是并列的，故用also。
46．A 另外，很多工作和职业需要人们相互之间保持联系。上下文语义理解题。文章第二段第一句及第四段第三句均复现了该词。47．C 对于那些不想一直被联系到的人来说，能够被联系到好像是一种负担。词义辨析题。明确各选项意义是关键：pleasure“愉快”；benefit“益处”；burden“负担”；disappointment“失望，沮丧”。
48．D 我想积极的一面是，独处对于那些真正想独处的人来说还是有可能的。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是其后的一句话“Computers can be shut __49__ and mobile phones can be turned off”，由此可知前面说的是“真正”想独处的人。49．B 电脑可以被关掉，手机也可以被关掉。词义辨析题。明确各选项意义是关键：shut down“关闭”；shut out“把……关在外面”；shut up“闭嘴”；shut in“把……关在里面”。
50．C 能被联系到或者“在”的能力有很多的好处，也有很多的坏处。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空后的“as well as disadvantages”，disadvantage和advantage构成对比。
51．B 游客在山上迷路，手机已经挽救了很多人的生命。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空后的“mobile phones have saved countless lives”。52．A 它们也能让人们感觉到被困住，并被迫接听他们不想接听的电话或者回复他们不想接收的消息。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空后的“forced to answer unwanted calls or __53__ to unwanted texts”。
53．D 它们也能让人们感觉到被困住，并被迫接听他们不想接听的电话或者回复他们不想接收的消息。词义辨析题。明确各选项意义是关键：reply to“回复”；turn to“求助于”；submit to“提交，服从”；object to“反对”。
54．A 每代人对我们作为一个社团被联系在一起的态度是不同的。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是最后一段第二、三句，这两句列举了一些人的不同观点。
55．D 不管人们对此的看法如何，很难想象如果没有当今先进的科学技术我们的生活会是什么样子。语法结构题。本句使用了虚拟语气，故选without引出含蓄的条件。一
(2014·合肥市一模)(议论文)
All of us go through some difficult times as we approach teenage years. It's the age when we have to deal with the most __1__ in our life. This transition(过渡) from childhood to adulthood is __2__ for some, but rough for others. The most important thing about being a teenager is __3__. When we are teenagers, we would get blamed or even punished for anything wrong we do. Unlike before when we were small kids, even if we made a big trouble, we didn't need to pay anything for it.
It's all not so __4__ about being a teenager though. We don't have to have our__5__ take us to somewhere we want to go or we couldn't go before. We can have __6__ with friends or even alone, which we couldn't have because we were too __7__ to know what pleasure is! It's a very enjoyable time of life. During this age, we are old enough to __8__ what is good for us, and make decisions by ourselves without __9__ others.But like the saying goes “All good things must come to an end, but all bad things can continue __10__.”During this period, we are having much __11__ for our studies. If we don't pass, we won't get jobs, and things will take a turn for the __12__. With the present world economy in __13__， we have to do really, really well in our __14__ for a job. Adults say that their __15__ is the hardest part of life. But I think the transition from a kid to an adult is much __16__ than being already an adult. What we do in our teenage years will __17__ what we become and how we lead our life in the future. In conclusion, it is quite __18__ that parents put much pressure on an already stressed out teenager. If they realized that, living condition for teenagers would be much better. __19__ for the teens ourselves we should get to know what is best for us. What's more, we should understand the right __20__ of life we choose at this age can make us happy for the rest of our existence.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。作者以青少年的口吻论述了青少年在向成年过渡的过程中会有很多困难和巨大的压力，青少年在这个过程中要有信心，选择正确的生活方式。
1．A.chances B．changes
C．feelings D．expectations
答案：B 考查名词辨析。由第一句“All of us go through some difficult times as we approach teenage years.”可知，青少年在这个过渡时期要经历很多的改变。故答案选B。
2．A.smooth B．practical
C．demanding D．necessary
答案：A 考查形容词辨析。由后半句的“but rough for others”可知，空格处应与“rough”相对照，故填smooth，意为“顺利的，光滑的”。
3．A.knowledge B．independence
C．confidence D．responsibility
答案：D 考查名词辨析。由第一段最后两句可知，青少年不会再像儿童时期那样做错事情会被包容，而是会像个大人一样为自己做错的事负责任，即接受责备甚至是惩罚。A项意为“知识”；B项意为“独立”；C项意为“信心”；D项意为“责任”。四个选项中只有responsibility最符合语境。故答案选D。
4．A.easy B．strange
C．bad D．interesting
答案：C 考查形容词辨析。由第二段第二至五句可知，该段是在讲青少年时期的一些好的地方，由此结合第一段内容可知，本题所在句子是一个过渡句，承上启下地讲“青少年时代也并不总是不好”。故答案选C。
5．A.guides B．partners
C．parents D．friends
答案：C 考查名词辨析。句意为：我们不需要由父母带着去我们想去的地方或以前从不能去的地方了。由语境可知，此处是指父母对儿童的监护，故parents符合语境。故答案选C。
6．A.fun B．trouble
C．relation D．business
答案：A 考查名词辨析。此处固定搭配have fun意为“玩得开心，玩得高兴”。空格处与本句后半句中的“pleasure”相呼应。故答案选A。
7．A.proud B．young
C．smart D．mature
答案：B 考查形容词辨析。根据对上文的理解可知，本段是将青少年时期与儿童时期作比较，指我们以前太小不了解快乐是什么，所以此处用young。
8．A.predict B．remember
C．imagine D．understand
答案：D 考查动词辨析。句意为：我们现在已经足够大了，能够理解什么对我们好了。A项意为“预测”；B项意为“记住”；C项意为“想象”；D项意为“理解”。故答案选D。
9．A.guiding B．helping
C．inviting D．consulting
答案：D 考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，我们现在已经足够大了，能够理解什么对我们好，做决定不用再咨询别人了。A项意为“引导”；B项意为“帮助”；C项意为“邀请”；D项意为“咨询”。由常识可知，我们在童年时期做决定之前总是需要咨询别人。故答案选D。
10．A.occasionally B．temporarily
C．forever D．increasingly
答案：C 考查副词辨析。由“but”可知，其前的“All good things must come to an end”和其后的“all bad things can continue ________.”在意思上是相对照的，指—切美好的事物都会有尽头而所有不好的事情会继续下去。故答案选C。
11．A.pressure B．passion
C．motivation D．panic
答案：A 考查名词辨析。句意为：在这个阶段我们学习上有很多压力。A项意为“压力”；B项意为“激情”；C项意为“动机”；D项意为“恐慌”。由下一句“If we don't pass，we won't get jobs，and things will take a turn for the ________.”可知，这些都是学习上的压力。故答案选A。
12．A.better B．worse
C．fewer D．more
答案：B 考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知，如果我们不能顺利完成学业，就会找不到工作，事情继而也会变得更糟，所以此处应用worse。
13．A.decline B．hope
C．increase D．debt
答案：A 考查名词辨析。由后半句“we have to do really，really well in our ________ for a job”可知，只有真正做好才能找到工作，这说明世界经济正在衰退，才导致就业机会越来越少，故此处应用decline意为“下降，衰退”。故答案选A。
14．A.contribution B．education
C．application D．qualification
答案：B 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，只有学好知识才能找到工作。A项意为“贡献”；B项意为“教育”；C项意为“申请”；D项意为“资格，条件”。故答案选B。
15．A.promotion B．work
C．experience D．age
答案：D 考查名词辨析。句意为：成年人说他们这个年龄是人生当中最困难的时期。由“the hardest part of life”可知，这里应该是指一个年龄段。故答案应选D。
16．A.harder B．happier
C．easier D．lighter
答案：A 考查形容词辨析。根据上文的“Adults say that their ________ is the hardest part of life.”和本句中的“But”可知，尽管成年人说他们这个年龄是人生当中最困难的时期但作者认为从孩子到成人的转化过程(即青少年时期)更困难。故答案选A。
17．A.reflect B．confirm
C．determine D．identify
答案：C 考查动词辨析。句意为：青少年时期的所作所为将会影响我们以后成为什么样的人并且怎样生活。A项意为“反映”；B项意为“确认，证实”，C项意为“决定”；D项意为“确认，鉴定”。四个选项中只有determine符合语境，故答案选C。
18．A.vital B．urgent
C．common D．unnecessary
答案：D 考查形容词辨析。A项意为“重要的，必不可少的”；B项意为“紧迫的”；C项意为“普通的”；D项意为“没有必要的，不需要的”。根据下句“If they realized that... would be much better.”并结合本句中的“parents put much pressure on an already stressed out teenager”可知，作者认为父母这样做是不必要的。故答案选D。
19．A.Thus B．Although
C．While D．Because
答案：C 考查连词辨析。结合上下文语境可知，父母给已经有很大压力的孩子更多压力是不必要的，然而对于青少年来说要知道什么是对自己最好的。while表转折，意为“然而”，符合语境。故答案选C。
20．A.print B．way
C．condition D．power
答案：B 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处是说我们在这个阶段所选择的正确生活方式会令我们在以后的生活中更加幸福。the right way life意为“正确的生活方式”，故答案选B。
The Qilu Evening News, in Shandong Province, has reported that parents of primary school students are facing a huge __4__ in getting their children to improve their handwriting. Schools have set __5__ special handwriting classes for pupils. In a(n) __6__ of text messages, __7__， computer games and Microsoft World, is it any __8__ that teens view handwriting as old-fashioned as tying your feet with a long strip of cloth?
I learnt to write __9__ I was five years old. Armed with a big pencil, I __10__ to make sense of the alphabet. Being able to __11__ through writing proves that we have the ability for thinking intelligently, __12__ us from animals.
Okay, so most teenagers will not be able to write in a few years. What's the big __13__？
Well, using a keyboard all the time may be affecting the shape of your hands. A new study __14__ recently in Shandong __15__ the under 25s has shown that thumbs are taking over from other fingers as the hand's most flexible and strong fingers.
The Chinese __16__ view handwriting as an indication of a person's __17__. Calligraphy(书法) has __18__ been an important part of Chinese culture, but today its future is __19__. Before we lose our skills altogether, __20__ that a letter written by hand is worth a thousand times more than a quick email.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。中国书法是中国文化的重要组成部分，但是当今青少年使用手机非常盛行，以致他们的书写能力下降，作者对此感到忧虑。
1．A.simple B．common
C．foolish D．special
答案：B 考查形容词辨析。根据空格后“thing to see teenagers tapping away on their mobile phones”，并结合下文内容可知，青少年在手机上打字是常见的事情，common意为“常见的，共有的，平常的”，符合语境。故选B。
2．A.shocked B．disappointed
C．ashamed D．worried
答案：D 考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“a‘lost generation’may grow up with great technology skills”，并结合选项可知，父母和老师非常担心，因此worried符合语境。故选D。
3．A.speak B．read
C．write D．listen
答案：C 考查动词辨析。根据下文“improve their handwriting”可知，write符合语境。故选C。
4．A.hardship B．challenge
C．project D．task
答案：B 考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“getting their children to improve their handwriting”可知，在提高孩子们的书写能力方面，小学生的父母们正面临巨大的挑战。故选B。
5．A.in B．out
C．up D．down
答案：C 考查短语辨析。根据空格前的“set”，并结合选项可知，学校为学生设立了专门的书法课程。在选项中，up可与空格前的set构成动词短语，即“set up”，意为“建立，设立，开办”，符合语境。故选C。
6．A.period B．world
C．time D．age
答案：D 考查名词辨析。根据空格后“text messages”可知，此处指的是短信等的时代。在选项中，age有“时代”之意，是可数名词，符合语境，故选D。而time虽然也有“时代”之意，但是常使用其复数形式。
7．A.emails B．telephones
C．videos D．radios
答案：A 考查名词辨析。根据空格后“computer games and Microsoft World”，并结合文章最后一句中的“email”可知，此处emails符合语境。故选A。
8．A.reason B．wonder
C．fun D．chance
答案：B 考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“that teens view handwriting as old-fashioned”，并结合上文语境可知，在短信、电脑游戏和微软的时代，青少年认为书法过时了有什么惊奇的？wonder意为“惊奇，奇迹”，符合语境。故选B。
9．A.when B．until
C．since D．while
答案：A 考查连词辨析。根据空格后“I was five years old”可知，当“我”5岁时，“我”开始学习写字。在选项中，when引导时间状语从句时，主句和从句的谓语动作可以同时发生，也可以一先一后发生；而while引导时间状语从句时，往往侧重于主从句的动作同时发生。故选A。
10．A.realized B．wanted
C．struggled D．continued
答案：C 考查动词辨析。根据空格后“make sense of the alphabet”，并结合选项可知，作者努力理解全部字母。在选项中，struggle意为“努力，斗争”，与语境相符。故选C。
11．A.think B．communicate
C．feel D．tap
答案：B 考查动词辨析。根据空格后“through writing”可知，此处指的是能够通过书写进行交流，communicate意为“交流，传达”，符合语境。故选B。
12．A.dividing B．lifting
C．separating D．freeing
答案：C 考查动词辨析。根据空格后“us from animals”，并结合空格前的内容和选项可知，能够通过书写进行交流证明我们具备明智地思考的能力，这就把我们和动物区分开了。在选项中，C项意为“分开，隔开”，可与空格后的介词from构成动词短语，与语境相符。故选C。
13．A.fear B．benefit
C．difficulty D．deal
答案：D 考查名词辨析。根据空格前“What's the big”，并结合上下文语境可知，几年后大部分青少年将不会书写，有什么大不了的吗？“What's the big deal？”为日常用语，意为“有什么大不了的吗？”，符合语境。故选D。
14．A.picked out B．found out
C．worked out D．carried out
答案：D 考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“挑出，选出”；B项意为“找出，发现”；C项意为“算出，制订出”；D项意为“执行，开展，贯彻”。根据空格前“A new study”，并结合选项可知，此处指的是开展的一项新研究，因此D项符合语境。故选D。
15．A.on B．to
C．for D．by
答案：A 考查介词辨析。根据上文中的“A new study”可知，此处指的是关于25岁以下年轻人的研究，因此介词on符合语境。故选A。
16．A.normally B．traditionally
C．officially D．proudly
答案：B 考查副词辨析。根据空格后“view handwriting as an indication...”可知，中国人传统地认为书法是一个人性格的象征，因此traditionally与语境相符。故选B。
17．A.skill B．deed
C．hobby D．character
答案：D 考查名词辨析。结合上文语境可知，此处指的是一个人的性格，character意为“品质，特点，品德”，符合语境。故选D。
18．A.always B．still
C．often D．even
答案：A 考查副词辨析。根据空格后“an important part of Chinese culture”可知，书法一直是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。在选项中，always意为“一直，总是”，符合语境。故选A。
19．A.bright B．amazing
C．uncertain D．different
答案：C 考查形容词辨析。根据空格前“but today its future”，并结合选项可知，书法的未来是不确定的，因此uncertain与语境相符。故选C。
20．A.remember B．enjoy
C．choose D．learn
答案：A 考查动词辨析。根据空格后“a letter written by hand is worth a thousand times more than a quick email”可知，此处作者提醒读者要记住手写书信的价值是快捷的电子邮件的一千倍，由此可知，remember符合语境。故选A。专题二 第4讲
一
(2014·安徽卷)(记叙文)
In 2012，I had just recovered from a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writer's conference in Orlando, Florida. My family persuaded me that a(n)__1__ might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I __2__.
Arriving in the Sunshine State was rather tiring, but I __3__ to catch a taxi to my __4__ and settle in. Next morning, I took another __5__ to the shopping centre to buy a few souvenirs. __6__ I went to a café to have lunch, but all the tables were __7__. Then I heard a friendly voice saying, “You can __8__ my table.”
I gratefully sat down with the __9__ lady and we had a happy lunch together. As the __10__ drew to a close she asked how long I would be in Orlando. I had already told her that I hadn't __11__ a car, and hadn't realised how __12__ taking taxis would be. After a while she said, “ My dear, don't use any more taxis. I'm retired and it would be my pleasure to __13__ you wherever you wish.” I told her that I couldn't put to that __14__， but she brushed my protests (反对). She asked me where I was __15__ and next morning she was waiting at my apartment at the __16__ time to take me to Disney World. She spent some time with me before leaving me to __17__ alone. At the end of the day, she __18__ to take me back to my accommodation. I __19__ her money but she refused to take any.
I'll never forget that wonderful lady who, through her __20__， filled my brief holiday in Florida with wonderful memories.
文章大意：作者应邀去奥兰多参加笔会，在饭馆里遇到一位好心的老太太，老太太主动提出用车送作者到各处去，让作者的停留充满了温暖。
1．A.holiday B．ceremony
C．operation D．experiment
答案：A 从下文的．..through her 20,_filled my brief holiday in Florida可知答案。
2．A.kept B．went
C．dropped D．knocked
答案：B “所以我离开了”。go off离开，此处是倒装结构。
3．A.intended B．promised
C．managed D．deserved
答案：C “到达这个阳光之州我已经很累了，但是我还是设法乘了一辆出租车去我的住所。”manage to do sth.设法做成某事。
4．A.hospital B．company
D．university D．accommodation
答案：D 根据下文的she __18__to take me back to my accommodation和常识可知答案。
5．A.colleague B．passenger
C．suitcase D．taxi
答案：D “第二天，我又乘了一辆出租车去购物中心买几件纪念品。”。another另一个。
6．A.Instead B．First
C．Later D．Once
答案：C 承接上文，“我买完纪念品之后，去小饭馆吃饭。”。
7．A.classified B．occupied
C．decorated D．painted
答案：B “但是所有的桌子都被占用了”。occupy占用。
8．A.share B．reserve
C．set D．possess
答案：A 我听到一个友好的声音说：“你可以和我共用一张桌子”。share分享，共用。
9．A.old B．poor
C．innocent D．stubborn
答案：A 由下文的I'm retired可知，此处是“老太太”。
10．A.journey B．meal
C．speech D．interview
答案：B “当这顿饭接近尾声时……。”
11．A.donated B．repaired
C．hired D．guided
答案：C “我告诉她，我没有雇佣汽车……”hire雇佣。
12．A.convenient B．worthwhile
C．unfortunate D．expensive
答案：D “我原来没有意识到乘出租车这么贵。”
13．A.inspire B．entertain
C．call D．drive
答案：D “我退休了，很乐意开车拉你去你想去的任何地方。”
14．A.business B．argument
C．trouble D．challenge
答案：C “我告诉她，我不想给她添麻烦”。trouble麻烦。
15．A.working B．staying
C．moving D．shopping
答案：B “她问我住在哪里。”stay停留。
16．A.appointed B．limited
C．favourite D．regular
答案：A “她在约定的时间在我的住处外等着。”at the appointed time在约定的时间。
17．A.digest B．explore
C．perform D．calculate
答案：B “她和我一起度过一段时间之后，让我一个人去探索(游玩)。”explore探索。
18．A.forgot B．refused
C．returned D．preferred
答案：C “在一天结束时，她回来把我送回住处。”return回来。
19．A.sent B．lent
C．offered D．owed
答案：C “我给她钱，但是她不要。”offer主动提供。
20．A.confidence B．dignity
C．curiosity D．kindness
答案：D “因为她的好意充满了我短短的假期。”由上文对老太太的描述可知答案。
二
(2014·辽宁卷)(记叙文)
It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner appointment with my wife, Eleanor. We had __1__ to meet at the restaurant at seven o'clock. I felt a little uneasy, but to my __2__，I had a good excuse: A business meeting had __3__ and I'd wasted no time getting to the dinner.
When I arrived at the __4__，I apologized and told Eleanor I didn't mean to be late. She screamed, “You never mean to.” Well, I __5__ tell she was angry. “I'm sorry but it was not __6__，” I said. Then I told her about the business meeting. __7__， my explanation seemed to make things worse, which started to drive __8__ mad as well.
Several weeks later, when I __9__ the situation to my friend Ken Hardy, he smiled, “You __10__ a classic mistake. You're stuck __11__ your own way of thinking. You didn't __12__ to be late. But that's not the point. What is __13__ in your communication is how your lateness affected Eleanor.” He pointed out that I focused on the intention __14__ Eleanor focused on the result. Thus, __15__ of us felt misunderstood and crazy.
Thinking more about Ken's words, I __16__ recognized the root cause of such disagreement. It's the result of the action that really __17__. I should have started the conversation by expressing __18__ my actions affected Eleanor and __19__ the discussions about my intention for later, much later and even never.
Later on, after talking to Eleanor and really __20__ her experience of the results of my lateness, I've managed to be on time a lot more frequently.
文章大意：作者在本文中讲述了一件事情：与妻子约好一起吃饭却迟到了，作者有自己的理由，而妻子有自己的立场。所以引发了作者的思考，最后作者进行了反省，学会做一个守时的人。
1．A.started B．agreed
C．continued D．managed
答案：B 我们约定在七点在饭馆见面。agree to do sth.同意做某事。
2．A.relief B．surprise
C．regret D．sorrow
答案：A 让我宽慰的是，我有一个很好的借口。to one's relief让某人宽慰的是。
3．A.broken out B．closed down
C．faded away D．run over
答案：D 作者找到的借口是自己参加的商业会议超时了，所以才迟到了。run over“超出预定时间”。
4．A.house B．room
C．restaurant D．supermarket
答案：C 当我到达饭馆时……。第1空后有提示。
5．A.could B．must
C．will D．might
答案：A 我能看出来妻子生气了……。can tell...能够判断……，能够看出。
6．A.movable B．comfortable
C．acceptable D．avoidable
答案：D 我很抱歉，但是这是无法避免的。avoidable可避免的。
7．A.However B．Therefore
C．Moreover D．Otherwise
答案：A 由下一句“我的解释好像使事情更糟糕了”可知，此处表示转折。
8．A.her B．him
C．me D．them
答案：C 情况开始变得更糟，也开始使我发疯了。
9．A.spread B．wrote
C．translated D．described
答案：D 几周后，我和朋友Ken描述当时的情形。describe描述。
10．A.knew B．made
C．found D．took
答案：B 你犯了一个经典的错误。make a mistake犯错误。
11．A.in B．beyond
C．for D．against
答案：A 你陷入了自己的思维模式中。be stuck in...陷入……；困住。
12．A.need B．prove
C．pretend D．intend
答案：D 你是没打算迟到。intend to do sth.打算做某事。
13．A.funny B．important
C．possible D．simple
答案：B 沟通过程中重要的是你的迟到影响了Eleanor。
14．A.while B．after
C．until D．unless
答案：A 他指出， 我注重于“本意”而我妻子注重于结果。while而，表示对比。
15．A.all B．none
C．both D．neither
答案：C 所以，我们两个人都感到被误解和疯狂。
16．A.usually B．merely
C．hardly D．gradually
答案：D 我逐渐意识到，这些分歧的根源。gradually逐渐地。
17．A.inspires B．matters
C．improves D．challenges
答案：B 一个人的行为的结果很重要。matter有关系。
18．A.how B．why
C．when D．what
答案：A 我的行为怎样影响了Eleanor，由上文可知答案。
19．A.compared B．reported
C．finished D．saved
答案：D 此处指的是如果作者单刀直入，直接说行为的结果的话就免得(save)再去讨论什么以后了。save意为“避免；免得(出现困难或不愉快的事)”
20．A.showing B．satisfying
C．understanding D．destroying
答案：C 后来，在与Eleanor谈话并真地理解了我的迟到给她造成的影响后……。
三
(2014·陕西卷)(记叙文)
It was Mother's Day and I was shopping at the local supermarket with my five-year-old son, Tenyson. As we were __1__， we realized that only minutes earlier an __2__ woman had fallen over at the entrance and hit her head on the ground.__3__ was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock. __4__， a lot of people stopped to help out.
__5__ we were walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very __6__ about what had happened to the elderly couple. He __7__ to me, “Mom, it's not much fun falling over in front of __8__.” Seeing that there was a flower stall(摊位)at the front of the supermarket, he added, “Why shouldn't we __9__ the lady a flower? It will make her feel better.” I was __10__ that he'd come up with this __11__ idea. So we went over and told the flower seller __12__ we wanted. “Just take it，” she replied. “I __13__ take your money for such a wonderful __14__.”
By now medical staff had arrived, and were __15__ the injured woman. We gave the flower to the woman's husband and I told him it was __16__ my son. At that, the old man started crying and said, “Thank you very much.” He then turned to me, “You have a __17__ son. Happy Mother's Day to you.”
The man bent down and gave his wife the flower, telling her who it was from. __18__ being badly hurt, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with __19__ in her eyes and gave him a little __20__.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。在母亲节与五岁的儿子购物时，偶遇了一个事故，一位女士摔倒而受伤，儿子想买花来安慰受伤的老人。
1．A.leaving B．driving
C．moving D．stopping
答案：A 由上下句意可知我们要离开时，有人受伤了。leave离开，符合句意。drive驾驶；move移动；stop停止。
2．A.injured B．awkward
C．honest D．elderly
答案：D 由下文the elderly people提示可知D项正确。
3．A.Her husband B．My son
C．The crowd D．The seller
答案：A 由下文可知是一对老夫妇，因此陪在身边的应该是她的丈夫。
4．A.Specifically B．Particularly
C．Interestingly D．Fortunately
答案：D 由下一句话可知，老人摔倒后，很多人停下来帮忙，故选幸运的是(fortunately)；specially专门地；particular尤其、特别；interestingly有趣的是。
5．A.If B．Since
C．While D．Unless
答案：C 句意：正当我们向事故地点走去时，while当……时候，符合上下句意。if如果；since从……以来；unless除非。
6．A.guilty B．curious
C．angry D．worried
答案：D 由上文可知孩子想安慰老人，故他担心老人。be worried about对……担心；guilty内疚；curious好奇的；angry生气的。
7．A.complained B．said
C．lied D．responded
答案：B 从后面的引号可知是孩子说的话，故say正确。complain抱怨；lie说谎；respond回答。
8．A.no one B．someone
C．everyone D．anyone
答案：C 由上下句意可知老人在超市门口摔倒，故在公共场合，在所有人面前。everyone每个人、所有人；no one没人；someone某人；anyone任何人。
9．A.lend B．bring
C．leave D．buy
答案：D 由上文there was a flower stall有一个卖花的摊位可知去买花。buy买；lend借；bring带来；leave离开。
10．A.amazed B．shocked
C．puzzled D．concerned
答案：A 对于五岁的孩子提出这样一个想法，母亲感到惊讶。amazed感到惊讶的；shocked震惊的；puzzled迷惑的；concerned担心的。
11．A.wise B．sweet
C．innocent D．crazy
答案：B sweet甜的，悦耳的；wise明智的；innocent无辜的；crazy疯狂的，结合语境可知“悦耳的”最合适。
12．A.which B．when
C．what D．whether
答案：C what引导宾语从句，且在从句中充当宾语。
13．A.must not B．can't
C．may not D．needn't
答案：B 由下文可知孩子买花是一件wonderful的事情，故店主是不会收钱的。can't不能，做不到；must not 表示禁止；may not或许不；needn't没有必要。
14．A.scene B．habit
C．flower D．deed
答案：D 由上下文可知小孩买花是善举，故用deed行为，行动；scene场景；habit习惯；flower花朵。
15．A.checking with B．looking after
C．operating on D．praying for
答案：B 由前一句可知医疗队已经到达，可推知在照看老人。look after 照料； check with与……相符；operate on动手术；pray for祈祷。
16．A.from B．to
C．with D．about
答案：A 由句意可知花是儿子送的。from表示出处，来自。
17．A.respectful B．cheerful
C．successful D．wonderful
答案：D 由老人表示感谢可知老人是赞扬儿子，故用wonderful极好的；respectful尊重的；cheerful快乐的；successful成功的。
18．A.Out of B．Regardless of
C．Thanks to D．As to
答案：B 由句意可知老人不顾自己的重伤，依然充满爱意的看着孩子。regardless of不管，不顾；out of 出于；thanks to幸亏；as to关于。
19．A.love B．hope
C．pity D．pain
答案：A 有上文可知老人被孩子的行为感动了，故充满爱意最合适。love爱；hope希望；pity可惜；pain痛苦。
20．A.idea B．money
C．smile D．comfort
答案：C and连接应为并列的含义，由前面的love可推知smile微笑正确。idea想法；money钱；comfort安慰。
四
(2014·江西卷)(记叙文)
“Mum, can I invite my classmate Brett over to stay tomorrow night, please? It's Friday, and we don't have any __1__. Can I, please？” Mum was sitting at the kitchen table. Dad was __2__ next to her, resting his head on his arms. Mum could __3__ that James wanted so badly to have his friend over.
“I'm so sorry, James，” she said.
“I'm never allowed to have friends come to the house? Why, Mum？” James asked sadly, almost in __4__.
“I know it's __5__ for you，” Mum said softly. “But I'm just worried other people might think we're a little...strange. And then they would make fun of you.”
“No, they wouldn't, Mum，” James protested. “We're not __6__ at all. We're just ordinary people.”
Mum sighed heavily. “To tell you the truth, James, my neck has been so painful that it's given me a heavy __7__. And your poor father—he doesn't feel __8__. He really needs a rest.”
“I can help, Mum！” James said. “__9__ I can make you and Dad feel better, can Brett come over? Please？”
“Well...” Mum began.
“Great! Thanks, Mum！” James almost shouted. “Just sit there, don't move.” He rushed over to the kitchen drawer and __10__ what he needed—two spanners(扳手). “Hang on, Mum，” he said. “This won't take a second.” After some __11__， James was finished. With a smile of __12__ on his face he said, “There! How does that feel？” “Oh, James，” Mum said. “That's much better! How did you do it？”
“Easy，” James said __13__. “Dad had tightened your neck bolts (螺栓) too much! I just __14__ them slightly! I learned that in robotic science at school.”
“What about your father? Can you __15__ him？” asked Mum.
“I'll try，” James replied. He __16__ up Dad's hair at the back of his neck, and plugged the electric wire into Dad's head. Then he turned the __17__ on. Dad opened his eyes and __18__ immediately. “He just let his __19__ run too low, that's all，” James said. “Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow？”
“I guess so，” replied Mum. “Your friends will just have to __20__ that we are a very unusual family. Thanks, son！”
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，记述了儿子与母亲之间的对话。为了邀请同学到家里来玩，儿子苦苦请求母亲，母亲告知了拒绝的原因后，儿子聪明的解决了问题。这家的母亲和父亲是机器人！
1．A.chance B．message
C．homework D．difficulty
答案：C 由上文可知儿子想要邀请同学来家里玩，所以陈述理由，应该是：今天是星期五，学生没作业。故选C项，其它皆不合题意。
2．A.asleep B．reading
C．alone D．standing
答案：A 由下文的resting his head on his arms可以看出是睡觉的姿势，因此是“父亲在她的旁边睡觉”，故选A项。
3．A.explain B．see
C．agree D．doubt
答案：B 由上文儿子请求的语气，母亲能够看出儿子非常想要邀请朋友来。see看见，看出，理解，领会，符合题意。explain解释；agree同意；doubt怀疑，皆不合题意。
4．A.terror B．tears
C．surprise D．silence
答案：B 由上文 James asked sadly可知，与“伤心”一致的应该是in tears落泪，故选B项。
5．A.fair B．easy
C．good D．hard
答案：D it指代上文“不能邀请朋友到家来”这件事，“这事对你来说很难(接受)”，故选D项，fair意为“公平的”，不合题意。
6．A.strange B．normal
C．popular D．anxious
答案：A 由上文母亲的话other people might think we're a little... strange，及下文儿子说We're just ordinary people.可知儿子的意思是：我们一点也不奇怪。故选A项。
7．A.headache B．loss
C．task D．day
答案：A 由上文my neck has been so painful可知脖子痛，与“脖子痛”相关的结果是“头疼”，故选A项。
8．A.ill B．funny
C．sorry D．well
答案：D 由下文He really needs a rest.可知父亲感觉身体不好，应选D项，因有doesn't，所以排除A项ill。
9．A.As B．If
C．Since D．Before
答案：B “如果我能让你和父亲感觉好多了，我的朋友能来吗？”邀请朋友来的条件是让父母感觉舒服，用if引导条件状语从句。
10．A.kept B．controlled
C．found D．returned
答案：C 儿子冲向厨房，目的是找到所需要的东西，故选C项，find“发现，找到”。
11．A.requests B．thoughts
C．repairs D．instructions
答案：C 由上文找到扳手，可知是要搞维修，所以选C项，repairs修理，其它不合题意。
12．A.sympathy B．satisfaction
C．bitterness D．politeness
答案：B 由上下文可知，完成工作后儿子脸上带着满意的笑容，故选B项，satisfaction满足，满意。sympathy同情，怜悯；bitterness苦涩，辛苦；politeness礼貌，皆与事实不符。
13．A.embarrassedly B．gratefully
C．impatiently D．proudly
答案：D 由上文儿子修好了妈妈，及下文，可知儿子的回答是“骄傲的”，故选D项。
14．A.adjusted B．collected
C．produced D．covered
答案：A 由上文Dad had tightened your neck bolts (螺栓) too much！父亲把你脖子上的螺栓拧得太紧了，所以应该是“我把它调松了”，故选A项，adjust调整。
15．A.greet B．accompany
C．help D．ask
答案：C 你父亲怎么办？你能帮助他(恢复健康)吗？help帮助，故选C项。
16．A.lifted B．caught
C．gave D．filled
答案：A 由下文plugged the electric wire into Dad's head.把电线插进父亲的头，可知要掀起脖子后面的头发。故选A项，lift up抬起，掀起，举起，符合题意。
17．A.television B．power
C．light D．gas
答案：B 由上文将电线插进头部，下一步应该是打开电源，充电，故选B项。其它，跟父亲恢复健康没关系，到此，可以看出父亲、母亲是机器人。
18．A.grew up B．lay down
C．broke down D．sat up
答案：D 由第一段resting his head on his arms.可以看出父亲不舒服时是在睡觉，修好后，睁开眼，下一步应该就是坐起来，故选D项。grew up长大；lay down躺下；broke down抛锚，坏掉，皆不合题意。
19．A.food B．temperature
C．battery D．blood
答案：C 由上文打开电源充电，可以看出是与电有关系，故选C项；A、B、D项与事实不符。
20．A.prove B．expect
C．suspect D．accept
答案：D 由上文父母的异常情况可以看出，你的朋友将不得不接受我们是个不寻常的家庭这个事实。accept承认，接受，符合题意。prove证明；expect期望，期待；suspect怀疑；皆不合题意。
五
(2014·江苏卷)(记叙文)
Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.
It was a need that he first __1__ back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an __2__， he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His Dad couldn't afford the __3__ at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done __4__ his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities __5__ he didn't have the time or the __6__. He had only one good suit. He tried __7__ the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too __8__. During this period Dale was slowly __9__ an inferiority complex (自卑感), which his mother knew could __10__ him from achieving his real potential. She __11__ that Dale join the debating team, believing that __12__ in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.
Dale took his mother's advice, tried desperately and after several attempts __13__ made it. This proved to be a __14__ point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the __15__ he needed. By the time Dale was a senior, he had won every top honor in __16__. Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they, __17__， were winning contests.
Out of this early struggle to __18__ his feelings of inferiority, Dale came to understand that the ability to __19__ an idea to an audience builds a person's confidence. And, __20__ it, Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do-and so could others.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了来自密苏里农场籍籍无名的戴尔·卡耐基如何克服困难，获得信心，最终成为一位国际名人。
1．A.admitted B．filled
C．supplied D．recognized
答案：D 由上文提到他找到了一种满足全世界的人的需要的办法，因此，首先应该意识到需要。故选D项，recognize认出，意识到。“早在1906年他上初中时，他第一次意识到那是一种需要”。而admit承认，fill填满，满足，supply供应，皆不合题意。
2．A.assignment B．education
C．advantage D．instruction
答案：B 有下文可知，他努力克服困难受教育，故选B项。assignment作业，任务，advantage长处，好处，instruction指导，指示，教导，皆不合题意。
3．A.training B．board
C．teaching D．equipment
答案：B 由下文“戴尔不得不骑马12公里去上课”，可知是父亲支付不起大学的膳食费。board 伙食，膳食，符合题意。而培训、教学，仪器费不是骑马就能解决的，故可排除。
4．A.between B．during
C．over D．through
答案：A “学习不得不在他做农活的间隙里进行”，between在……之间，符合题意。during，over，through在……期间，指伴随着同时进行，那是不恰当的，不能一边做农活一边学习。
5．A.while B．when
C．because D．though
答案：C “他退出学校的许多活动”与“他没有时间”之间是因果关系，故选C项。
6．A.permits B．interest
C．talent D．clothes
答案：D 由下文“他只有一身好衣服”可知他没有参加活动的衣服，故选D项。
7．A.on B．for
C．in D．with
答案：B 由下文“教练拒绝了他”可知他努力参加足球队，故选B项，try for争取参加，努力谋求。
8．A.light B．flexible
C．optimistic D．outgoing
答案：A light轻的，flexible灵活的，optimistic乐观的，outgoing外向的。对比四个选项，足球教练拒绝他只能是因为“他太轻了”。故选A项。
9．A.gaining B．achieving
C．developing D．obtaining
答案：C 他慢慢产生了自卑感。develop形成，产生，发展，符合题意。gain, achieve, obtain都是“获得”的意思，不合题意。
10．A.prevent B．protect
C．save D．free
答案：A which引导定语从句，修饰先行词an inferiority complex (自卑感)。他妈妈知道自卑感会阻止他获得真正的潜能。prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事，故选A项。其他项，尽管动词搭配正确，但与上下文意思不符。
11．A.suggested B．demanded
C．required D．insisted
答案：A 由下文Dale took his mother's advice，可知是“妈妈建议他参见学校辩论队。”，故选A项。
12．A.presence B．practice
C．patience D．potential
答案：B 由下文的tried desperately他拼命努力，可知“他妈妈相信演讲方面的练习会让他得到他需要的自信和认可”，故选B项。presence出席，到场；potential潜力，潜能，皆不合题意。
13．A.hopefully B．certainly
C．finally D．naturally
答案：C 几次尝试之后，他最终成功了。由after可知，在此陈述事情发展的顺序，故选C项。
14．A.key B．breaking
C．basic D．turning
答案：D 这是他人生的转折点。a turning point转折点，拐点。
15．A.progress B．experience
C．competence D．confidence
答案：D 由上文believing that __12__ in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.可知，在人群之前演讲的确帮他获得了他需要的自信，故选D项。
16．A.horse-riding B．football
C．speech D．farming
答案：C 由上文所介绍的发展趋势可知，“到他上高中时，他已获得了演讲方面的所有顶级荣誉”，故选C项。
17．A.in return B．in brief
C．in turn D．in fact
答案：C 现在，其他的学生来请求他的指导，他们，依次，也赢得了竞赛。in turn轮流，依次，反过来，符合题意。in return作为回报，作为报答；in brief简单说来；in fact事实上；皆不合题意。
18．A.convey B．overcome
C．understand D．build
答案：B 由上文可知，他努力克服自卑感，overcome克服，符合题意。convey传达，表达；understand明白，理解；build建立，树立；皆不合题意。
19．A.express B．stress
C．contribute D．repeat
答案：A 把想法表达给听众的能力(即演讲)建立了人的自信。express表达，符合题意。而stress强调；contribute贡献；repeat重复；皆不合题意。
20．A.besides B．beyond
C．like D．with
答案：D 有了自信，他能做他想要做的任何事情。with“有，带着”；符合题意。
六
(2014·南通市、扬州市二模)(夹叙夹议文)
True leadership is not just the ability to identify the talent and skill of the polished individuals around you. It involves being able to dig beneath the surface and discover __1__.
Once there was a boy who constantly sat and talked in his math class, and seemed __2__ in group activities. Most teachers would __3__ think of him as a problem student.
However, Anna was different. She believed the student was above __4__ in other areas so she created a strategy to find out.
Anna didn't __5__ the parents. Instead, she organized a handful of activities in the class to get more information. In place of calling out for volunteers in class she created a __6__ for each Friday: Girls vs. Boys.
The first week the class was totally __7__. Everyone wanted to win. Even the boy had his hand up the whole time trying to get a turn. __8__， Anna waited, and waited, and waited. Finally the __9__ teacher paired the boy with the most __10__ girl student in class.
Now the two teams had a __11__ score, all the students sat back eager to see the result. As the teacher placed the question on the board, most of the students began to __12__ their heads: this was a question they had never __13__ in class.
“__14__！” the teacher yelled. Both students started doing it __15__... thinking of how to solve the complex question. Their classmates, full of __16__， exclcaimed, “Hurry, hurry, hurry！” The boy finished it just seconds before the girl and spun around with his __17__ raised，“I won！” Almost nobody could believe the student they admired failed until Anna __18__ the result.
This was what Anna tried to get—it turned out that the student wasn't bad, he was __19__.
So we can see that __20__ hidden abilities is not always easy but the end results can be magical. Try your hand at this quality of leadership now and report your results.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述一位老师对一个男生的看法不同于别的老师，她用聪明的办法证明了他潜在的能力，改变了人们对他的偏见。
1．A.truth B．treasure
C．potential D．motivation
答案：C 考查名词辨析。根据本句中的“dig beneath the surface”可知，此处是指要发现一些潜在的东西，即发现潜能。potential意为“潜能”，符合语境。故选C。truth意为“真相”；treasure意为“财富”，motivation意为“动机”，均与语境不符。
2．A.active B．cautious
C．discouraged D．disconnected
答案：D 考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“who constantly sat and talked in his math class”可知，他上课为所欲为，似乎跟团体活动分离。disconnected意为“分离的”，符合语境。故选D。active意为“主动的，积极的”；cautious意为“谨慎的”；discouraged意为“气馁的”，均与语境不符。
3．A.immediately B．appropriately
C．abnormally D．scarcely
答案：A 考查副词辨析。根据他的表现可知，大多数老师常常直接认为他是一个有问题的学生。immediately意为“立刻，直接地”，符合语境。故选A。appropriately意为“适当地”abnormally意为“反常地”；scarcely意为“几乎不”，均与语境不符。
4．A.limit B．average
C．prejudice D．value
答案：B 考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“However，Anna was different.”以及下文“she created a strategy to find out”可知，Anna认为这个学生在其他方面优良，即高于平均水平。average意为“平均”，符合语境。故选B。limit意为“限制”；prejudice意为“偏见”；value意为“价值”，均与语境不符。
5．A.contact B．comfort
C．warn D．blame
答案：A 考查动词辨析。根据下文可知，她在班级里组织活动以得到更多的信息。由此可知，她没有跟家长联系。contact意为“接触，联系”，符合语境。故选A。comfort意为“安慰”；warn意为“警告”；blame意为“责备”，均与语境不符。
6．A.dilemma B．debate
C．game D．competition
答案：D 考查名词辨析。根据下文中“Girls vs. Boys”可知，她每个星期五在男女生之间组织竞赛。competition意为“竞争，竞赛”，符合语境。故选D。dilemma意为“困境”；debate意为“辩论”；game意为“游戏”，均与语境不符。
7．A.creative B．noisy
C．enthusiastic D．curious
答案：C 考查形容词辨析。根据下文“Everyone wanted to win.”可知，第一个星期全班同学都热情高涨。enthusiastic意为“热情的”，符合语境。故选C。creative意为“有创造力的”；noisy意为“嘈杂的”；curious意为“好奇的”，均与语境不符。
8．A.Yet B．Still
C．Somehow D．Therefore
答案：A 考查副词辨析。上文提到“为了轮到自己，这个男孩一直举着手(想要回答问题)”；下文提到“Anna等了又等”，因此前后句之间是转折关系。yet意为“但是，然而”，符合语境。故选A。still意为“仍然”；somehow意为“不知怎么地”；therefore意为“因此”，均与语境不符。
9．A.arbitrary B．wise
C．ridiculous D．puzzled
答案：B 考查形容词辨析。根据第三段可知，Anna认为这个男孩在其他方面是优于一般孩子的，所以她想出一个竞争的策略来发挥他的长处，因此此处指聪明的老师。wise意为“聪明的”，符合语境。故选B。arbitrary意为“任意的，武断的”；ridiculous意为“荒谬的”；puzzled意为“疑惑的”，均与语境不符。
10．A.elegant B．careless
C．hardworking D．considerate
答案：C 考查形容词辨析。句意为：老师把男孩跟班上最勤奋的女生分成一组。根据倒数第三段最后一句中的“the student they admired failed”可知，这个女孩是大家公认的最勤奋的学生，所以hardworking意为“勤奋的”，符合语境。故选C。elegant意为“优雅的”；careless意为“粗心的”；considerate意为“体贴的”，均与语境不符。
11．A.rare B．close
C．poor D．different
答案：B 考查形容词辨析。根据下文“所有的学生都渴望看到结果”可知，这两队比分接近。close意为“接近的”，符合语境。故选B。rare意为“稀有的”；poor意为“贫穷的，可怜的”；different意为“不同的”，均与语境不符。
12．A.turn B．lift
C．shake D．nod
答案：C 考查动词辨析。根据下一段第二句中的“the complex question”可知，这个问题不好回答，所以大多数学生摇头。shake意为“摇动”，符合语境。故选C。turn意为“转动”；lift意为“举起”；nod意为“点头”，均与语境不符。
13．A.raised B．feared
C．overlooked D．covered
答案：D 考查动词辨析。句意为：他们在课堂上从没有涉及过这样的问题。cover意为“涉及，包含”，符合语境。故选D。raise意为“提高，筹集”；fear意为“害怕”；overlook意为“忽略”，均与语境不符。
14．A.Go B．Hurry
C．Look D．Try
答案：A 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“两个学生开始做”可知，老师要求他们开始做。go意为“开始”，符合语境。故选A。hurry意为“赶快，急忙”；look意为“看”；try意为“努力”，均与语境不符。
15．A.skillfully B．slowly
C．casually D．abruptly
答案：B 考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“the complex question”可知，两个学生慢慢地考虑该如何解决。slowly意为“慢慢地”，符合语境。故选B。skillfully意为“巧妙地”；casually意为“随意地”；abruptly意为“突然地”，均与语境不符。
16．A.chaos B．anxiety
C．courage D．excitement
答案：D 考查名词辨析。根据同学们的叫喊可知，他们充满兴奋。excitement意为“兴奋”，符合语境。故选D。chaos意为“混乱”；anxiety意为“焦虑，渴望”；courage意为“勇气”，均与语境不符。
17．A.arms B．hopes
C．confidence D．eyes
答案：A 考查名词辨析。这个男孩在女孩之前完成，因此他举起双臂转身向四周挥动。arm意为“手臂”，符合语境。故选A。hope意为“希望”；confidence意为“自信”；eye意为“眼睛”，均与语境不符。
18．A.obtained B．analyzed
C．confirmed D．adjusted
答案： C 考查动词辨析。Anna确认了这个结果。confirm意为“证实”，符合语境。故选C。obtain意为“获得”；analyze意为“分析”；adjust意为“调整，适应”，均与语境不符。
19．A.upset B．bored
C．tired D．spoiled
答案：B 考查形容词辨析。句意为：这是Anna尽力想要得到的结果，结果证明这个学生不是糟糕，他只是感到无聊。bored意为“无聊的”，符合语境。故选B。upset意为“心烦的”；tired意为“疲劳的”；spoiled意为“宠坏的”，均与语境不符。
20．A.foreseeing B．assessing
C．appreciating D．recognizing
答案：D 考查动词辨析。句意为：因此我们能知道识别出人的潜力不总是容易的……recognize意为“认出，识别”，符合语境。故选D。foresee意为“预见”；assess意为“评定”；appreciate意为“欣赏，感激”，均与语境不符。
七
(2014·南昌市二模)(夹叙夹议文)
Tom lost his arms in an accident that cost his father's life. Since then, he had to __1__ on the arms of his younger brother. To take care of him, his younger brother became his __2__， never leaving him alone for years. Except for writing with his __3__， he was completely unable to do anything in his life.
As the two brothers grew up together, they had their share of problems and they would often quarrel. Then one day, his younger brother wanted to live __4__ from Tom, living his own life, as many normal people do. So Tom was __5__ and didn't know what to do.
A similar misfortune __6__ a girl, too. One night her mother, who suffered from mental illness, __7__. So her father went out looking for her mother, __8__ the girl alone at home. She tried to prepare meals for her parents, only to overturn the kerosene light(煤油灯) on the stove, __9__ in a fire which took her hands away.
Though her elder sister who was studying in another city, showed her __10__ to take care of her, she was determined to be completely __11__. At school, she always studied hard. Most of all she learned to be self-reliant. Once she wrote the following in her composition: “I am lucky. Though I lost my __12__， I still have legs; I am lucky. Though my wings are broken, my heart can still __13__.”
One day, the boy and the girl both __14__ on a TV show. The boy told the host about his uncertain future at being left on his own while the girl was full of __15__ for her life. They both were asked to write something on a piece of paper with their toes. The boy wrote: My younger brother's arms are my arms; __16__ the girl wrote: Broken wings, flying heart. They had both endured the same __17__， but their different __18__ determined the nature of their lives. It is true that life is unpredictable. Disasters can strike at any time. How you handle misfortune when __19__ with it is the true test of your character. If you decide to be __20__， the hardship will turn out to be a fortune on which new hopes will arise.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了两个遭受同样不幸的孩子截然不同的人生态度，从而启迪我们：态度决定一切。
1．A.focus B．depend
C．fix D．take
答案：B 考查动词辨析。句意为：自从那时起，他就不得不依赖他弟弟的胳膊来做事。focus on意为“使聚焦于”；depend on意为“依赖”；fix on意为“固定”；take on意为“穿上，呈现”。根据上文“Tom lost his arms in an accident that cost his father's life.”可知，Tom没了胳膊，不得不依赖他人的胳膊来做事。故选B项。
2．A.shadow B．example
C．sample D．leader
答案：A 考查名词辨析。句意为：为了照顾他，他的弟弟和他形影不离，多年来从来没有让他一个人生活。A项意为“阴影，影子”；B项意为“例子”；C项意为“样品”；D项意为“领导”。根据下文“never leaving him alone for years”可知，兄弟俩形影不离，弟弟一直在帮助哥哥Tom。故选A项。
3．A.fingers B．hands
C．toes D．fists
答案：C 考查名词辨析。句意为：除了能够用脚趾头写字之外，生活中他完全不能够做其他任何事情。A项意为“手指”；B项意为“手”；C项意为“脚趾”，D项意为“拳头”。根据上文“Tom lost his arms in an accident that cost his father's life.”可知，没有了胳膊的Tom应该是用脚趾头写字，与下文“They both were asked to write something on a piece of paper with their toes.”形成呼应。故选C项。
4．A.naturally B．happily
C．equally D．separately
答案：D 考查副词辨析。句意为：终于有一天，他的弟弟想离开Tom，像其他正常人一样过自己的生活。A项意为“自然地”；B项意为“开心地，幸福地”；C项意为“平等地”；D项意为“分开地，隔离地”。根据下文“living his own life，as many normal people do”可知，Tom的弟弟不想再和哥哥生活在一起了，想和他分开，过正常的生活。故选D项。
5．A.heart-broken B．encouraged
C．inspired D．warm-hearted
答案：A 考查词义辨析。句意为：因此Tom很伤心，不知道该怎么办。A项意为“伤心的”；B项意为“鼓励”；C项意为“品质优秀的，有创造力的”；D项意为“热心肠的”。根据下文“and didn't know what to do”可推知，没有了弟弟的帮助，Tom不知道该如何生活，因此他感到很难过。故选A项。
6．A.applied B．possessed
C．struck D．showed
答案：C 考查动词辨析。句意为：一个女孩也遭受了同样的不幸。A项意为“应用，申请”；B项意为“拥有”；C项意为“突然发生(某种不幸)”；D项意为“显示，展现”。根据下文对女孩的描述及“Disasters can strike at any time.”可知，此处表示“遭受不幸”。故选C项。
7．A.changed B．worked
C．declined D．disappeared
答案：D 考查动词辨析。句意为：一天晚上，她患有精神病的母亲不见了。A项意为“改变”；B项意为“工作”；C项意为“下降，拒绝”；D项意为“消失”。根据下文“So her father went out looking for her mother”可知，她精神失常的母亲走丢了。故选D项。
8．A.leaving B．allowing
C．suggesting D．begging
答案：A 考查动词辨析。句意为：于是，她的爸爸把她一个人留在家里，出去找她的妈妈。A项意为“离开，留下”；B项意为“允许”；C项意为“建议”；D项意为“乞求，乞讨”。固定词组搭配；leave sb. alone意为“把某人单独留下”，符合语境。故选A项。
9．A.bringing B．taking
C．resulting D．coming
答案：C 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：她尝试着给父母做顿饭，却打翻了壁炉上的煤油灯，结果引起了一场大火。这场大火夺走了她的双手。bring in意为“带来”；take in意为“吸入，包括”；result in意为“导致”；come in意为“进来”。result in符合语境。故选C项。
10．A.purpose B．strength
C．talent D．willingness
答案：D 考查名词辨析。句意为：尽管她在另一个城市学习的姐姐表示愿意来照顾她，但是她决定要完全独立起来。A项意为“目的”；B项意为“力量”；C项意为“人才，才能”；D项意为“乐意”。根据语境可知，此处表示“乐意”。故选D项。
11．A.cautious B．independent
C．perfect D．helpful
答案：B 考查形容词辨析。A项意为“谨慎的，小心的”；B项意为“独立的”；C项意为“完美的”；D项意为“有帮助的”。根据下文“Most of all she learned to be self-reliant.”可知，小女孩要自强自立，不依赖任何人。故选B项。
12．A.arms B．feet
C．eyes D．ears
答案：A 考查名词辨析。句意为：尽管我失去了胳膊，但是我还有两条腿。A项意为“胳膊”；B项意为“脚”；C项意为“眼睛”，D项意为“耳朵”。根据第三段最后一句中的“which took her hands away”可知，小女孩因为那场意外的大火失去了胳膊。故选A项。
13．A.fly B．hold
C．develop D．survive
答案：A 考查动词辨析。句意为：尽管我的翅膀折断了，但是我的心依然能够飞翔。A项意为“飞，飞翔”；B项意为“抓住，举行，控制”；C项意为“发展”；D项意为“存活”。根据下文“Broken wings，flying heart.”可知，小女孩的翅膀(胳膊)虽然折断了，但是心依然能够飞翔。故选A项。
14．A.performed B．appeared
C．played D．directed
答案：B 考查动词辨析。句意为：一天，这个男孩和这个女孩同时出现在一个电视节目里。A项意为“表演”；B项意为“出现”；C项意为“玩耍”；D项意为“指导，导演”。根据语境可知，两个孩子是在参加同一个电视节目，与下句“the host”相呼应。故选B项。
15．A.attention B．doubt
C．regret D．enthusiasm
答案：D 考查名词辨析。句意为：男孩子告诉主持人他对独自生活的未来不确定，然而那个女孩却对未来充满了热情。A项意为“注意”；B项意为“怀疑”；C项意为“后悔”；D项意为“热情”。空格处与上文“his uncertain future”形成对比，并与下文“Broken wings，flying heart.”形成呼应可知，女孩对未来充满热情。故选D项。
16．A.before B．unless
C．while D．though
答案：C 考查连词辨析。句意为：男孩写道：弟弟的胳膊就是我的胳膊。然而女孩写道：折断的翅膀，飞翔的心。A项意为“在……之前”；B项意为“除非”；C项意为“然而，尽管，在……期间”；D项意为“尽管”。此处与上文“The boy told the host about his uncertain future at being left on his own while the girl was full of ________ for her life.”呼应，可知此处上下句表示逻辑上的对比关系。故选C项。
17．A.complaint B．failure
C．misfortune D．success
答案：C 考查名词辨析。句意为：他们都遭受了巨大的不幸，但是他们不同的人生态度决定了他们生活的本质。A项意为“抱怨”；B项意为“失败”；C项意为“不幸”；D项意为“成功”。根据上文“A similar misfortune ________ a girl, too.”可知，两个孩子都遭遇了同样的不幸。故选C项。
18．A.opportunities B．attitudes
C．conditions D．advantages
答案：B 考查名词辨析。A项意为“机会”；B项意为“态度”；C项意为“状况，条件”；D项意为“优势”。根据上文可知，两个不幸的孩子的不同之处是两个人不同的人生态度。故选B项。
19．A.put B．shared
C．kept D．faced
答案：D 考查动词辨析。句意为：当遭遇不幸时，如何处理它们才真正考验了一个人的品性。A项意为“放”；B项意为“分享”；C项意为“保持”；D项意为“面对”。固定搭配：be faced with...意为“面对……”，符合语境。故选D项。
20．A.strong B．curious
C．valuable D．practical
答案：A 考查形容词辨析。句意为：如果你决定坚强，困难就会变成一种幸运，新的希望由此而生。A项意为“强壮的，坚强的”；B项意为“好奇的”；C项意为“有价值的”；D项意为“实践的，实用的”。根据下文“the hardship will turn out to be a fortune on which new hopes will arise”可知，此处表示坚强。故选A项。
八
(2014·云南省二模)(夹叙夹议文)
Mark was a great kid from a bad neighborhood. Crime, drugs, fighting and poverty: You name the __1__ and his neighborhood had it. A scholarship fund __2__ his tuition to Catholic High School, where he was a great baseball player.
Mark __3__ in the classroom, though. He was bright, but behind, perhaps due to a __4__home environment. But there were problems __5__ the time for all he needed to do. Some felt Mark should give up sports and __6__ schooling. But, in reality, if he was going to attend college, he would need his __7__.
A fellow teacher, Mrs. Jones, __8__ to tutor Mark in math. I helped Mark with other areas of work. No one __9__ us. Mrs. Jones __10__ it up this way: “Pay day doesn't always come on Mondays.”
When we were not working with Mark to __11__ his skills for the ACT, Mark's dad took him to various __12__ to talk with both baseball and football program coaches. He settled on the one college that offered him __13__ to play both sports. But he __14__ a good ACT score.
It took months to receive the __15__ of college entrance exams. One afternoon after school, Mark rushed into my office and yelled, “I'm going to college! I'm going to college！”
“I guess you got your __16__？” I asked.
“Well, yeah！” he laughed. “And guess what? I got one point more than I need to be __17__. Thank you! Now, where's Mrs. Jones? I've got to tell her too！”
Until that moment, I had __18__ quite understood what “pay day doesn't always come on Mondays” __19__. But it was clear to me the instant Mark came to __20__ his news. No amount of money could ever reward us as much as the news of a boy who finally had a chance at a better life.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过帮助Mark提高他的ACT成绩，最终使Mark实现了上大学的梦想，改变了他的命运。这使作者真正理解了“Pay day doesn't always come on Mondays”的真正含义。
1．A.problem B．condition
C．advantage D．environment
答案：A 考查名词辨析。根据前面的“Crime，drugs，fighting and poverty”及结合选项可知，这些都是Mark身上的问题。故选A项。
2．A.lent B．received
C．provided D．donated
答案：C 考查动词辨析。句意为：教育基金会给他提供了上Catholic中学的学费。A项意为“借出”；B项意为“收到”；C项意为“提供”；D项意为“捐赠”。根据句意可知，C项符合语境。故选C项。
3．A.succeeded B．struggled
C．played D．competed
答案：B 考查动词辨析。根据上文的“he was a great baseball player”及下文的“...in the classroom，though.”可知，空格处与“great”形成对比。故选B项。
4．A.difficult B．strange
C．favourable D．sensible
答案：A 考查形容词辨析。根据第一段中的“Mark was a great kid from a bad neighbourhood.”可知，A项符合语境。故选A项。
5．A.spending B．keeping
C．wasting D．finding
答案：D 考查非谓语动词。句意为：但是找时间来做他需要做的所有事情有些困难。spend 意为“花费(时间、金钱等)”；keep意为“保持，饲养”；waste意为“浪费”；find意为“找到”。There is problem(in) doing sth.是习惯用法，意为“在做某事方面有困难”。故选D项。
6．A.get on B．take on
C．concentrate on D．keep on
答案：C 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：有人认为Mark应该放弃体育，专心于学习。concentrate on意为“全神贯注于”，符合语境。故选C项。
7．A.tuition B．sports
C．determination D．patience
答案：B 考查名词辨析。前面说有人建议他放弃体育，而根据“But”可知，实际上他要上大学的话就不能放弃，即他需要体育。故选B项。
8．A.ordered B．promised
C．inspired D．offered
答案：D 考查动词辨析。句意为：一位老师，Jones女士主动提出为Mark辅导数学。根据下文的“I helped Mark...”可知，应选D项。
9．A.praised B．helped
C．paid D．comforted
答案：C 考查动词辨析。根据下文内容可知，没有人支付“我”和Jones女士辅导Mark的费用。故选C项。
10．A.summed B．made
C．put D．picked
答案：A 考查动词辨析。句意为：Jones女士这样总结说“Pay day doesn't always come on Mondays.”。make up意为“编造，弥补”，put up意为“举起，容忍”；pick up意为“捡起”，均不符合语境。故选A项，意为“总结”。
11．A.assess B．improve
C．apply D．display
答案：B 考查动词辨析。improve skills是习惯用法，意为“提高技能”，符合语境。故选B项。
12．A.clubs B．stadiums
C．departments D．colleges
答案：D 考查名词辨析。根据下文的“He settled on the one college that...”可知，应选D项。
13．A.majors B．programs
C．scholarships D．resources
答案：C 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，他应是选定了一所能够给他提供奖学金的大学。故选C项。
14．A.needed B．achieved
C．kept D．took
答案：A 考查情态动词。句意为：但是，他需要一个好的ACT成绩。根据句中“But”及选项可知，应选A项。
15．A.papers B．messages
C．fees D．results
答案：D 考查名词辨析。根据下文的“I got one point more than I needed to be...”可知，此处是考试的结果。故选D项。
16．A.scores B．arrangements
C．courses D．applications
答案：A 考查名词辨析。根据上文的“But he ________ a good ACT score.”可知，此处Mark宣布他要去上大学了，应是已经知道了分数。故选A项。
17．A.dismissed B．accepted
C．delayed D．supported
答案：B 考查动词辨析。根据上文的“I'm going to college! I'm going to college！”可知，此处是指他超出了录取分数线一分而被录取了。故选B项。
18．A.never B．ever
C．even D．already
答案：A 考查副词辨析。句意为：直到那时我才真正理解“Pay day doesn't always come on Mondays，”意味着什么。not/never...until意为“直到……才”。故选A项。
19．A.changed B．overlooked
C．affected D．meant
答案：D 考查动词辨析。句意为：直到那时我才真正理解“Pay day doesn't always come on Mondays”意味着什么。根据语境可知，应选D项。
20．A.learn B．explain
C．announce D．carry
答案：C 考查动词辨析。句意为：当Mark一进来宣布他的消息时，我明白这句话(Pay day doesn't always come on Mondays)的意思了。根据语境可知，应选C项。
九
(2014·广东卷)(说明文)
Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have __1__ feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common __2__ between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over __3__ rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children's refusal to help with the __4__.On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for __5__ the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.
The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different __6__ to these problems. However, some approaches are more __7__ than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but __8__ clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children's __9__. On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the __10__ of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don't help their parents with the shopping don't find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to __11__ their actions.
Psychologists say that __12__ is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should __13__ to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may __14__ their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and __15__ each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，阐述了父母与十几岁的孩子之间存在矛盾冲突及其原因，不同父母对此采取的不同方法，心理学家指出交流是解决矛盾的最好办法。
1．A.natural B．strong
C．guilty D．similar
答案：D 由下文not easy living with them (their parents) “孩子觉得与父母生活在一起不易”与上文difficult to live with teenagers“父母觉得与十几岁的孩子生活在一起很难”可知，孩子与父母有“相似的”感受。
2．A.interest B．argument
C．link D．knowledge
答案：B 由前两句可知父母与子女之间相处困难，再根据regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks关于不整洁和日常事情，对照各选项，只有argument(争吵)适合。
3．A.noisy B．crowded
C．messy D．locked
答案：C 由前句的untidiness和后面的clothes thrown on the floor可知，房间是messy凌乱不堪的。可将untidiness与messy看作是近义词复现。
4．A.homework B．housework
C．problem D．research
答案：B 由上文提到的收拾房间之类的事，应是housework家务活。
5．A.washing B．using
C．dropping D．replacing
答案：C 由后面的not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping可知，这里应是dropping the towel in the bathroom，一起为blame them的原因。而wash、use、replace虽然可以与the towel搭配，但与题意不符。
6．A.approaches B．contributions
C．introductions D．attitudes
答案：A 由下句的However, some approaches提示，可知这里是指“不同的父母对待这些问题有不同的‘方法’”。
7．A.complex B．popular
C．scientific D．successful
答案：D 从下面的例子可以看出，有的方法比别的方法有效更成功，用successful，成功的。而popular受欢迎的，受欢迎的方法解决问题不一定有效成功。
8．A.later B．deliberately
C．seldom D．thoroughly
答案：A 上文yell at their children对孩子大声叫喊， 下文由but连接表示转折，所以，应为later，“后来”又为他们清扫房间。
9.A.behavior B．taste
C．future D．nature
答案：A 改变孩子不爱整洁的“行为(behavior)”。 而taste口味，品味，爱好；nature自然，天性，皆不合题意。
10．A.failures B．changes
C．consequences D．thrills
答案：C 据下文所举的例子“不帮父母去买东西”“在冰箱里就找不到自己最喜欢的饮料”可知，这是让孩子“感受到自己的行为产生的‘后果’”，故选C项，consequence结果，后果。而failure失败；change变化；thrill刺激，惊险，皆不合题意。
11．A.defend B．delay
C．repeat D．reconsider
答案：D 在有了上述经历之后，他们被迫“重新考虑”他们的行动。故选reconsider重新考虑。defend保卫，保护；delay耽搁；repeat重复，皆不合题意。
12．A.communication B．bond
C．friendship D．trust
答案：A 由下文中的Communication is a two-way process可知，此处填communication。
13．A.reply B．attend
C．attach D．talk
答案：D 由but可知，要选与lend an ear to(＝listen to倾听)相对的talk。
14．A.hate B．scold
C．frighten D．stop
答案：B 由but可知，要选与understand (理解)相对的scold(责骂)。
15．A.loving B．observing
C．understanding D．praising
答案：C 此句是强调结构，是对前两句的总结，一句是说要lend an ear to(＝listen to倾听)，一句是说要understand (理解)，所以总结为“只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母与孩子之间的问题才可得到解决”。
十
(2014·郑州市三模)(说明文)
When you say “communication”， most people will think of words and sentences. Though these are very important, we __1__ with more than just spoken and written words. __2__， body positions are part of what we call “body language”. We often see __3__ of unconscious body language, yet there is also “learned” body language, which is __4__ from culture to culture.
We use “learned” body language __5__ we are introduced to strangers. Every culture has __6__ a formal way to greet strangers to show them we aren't __7__. Traditionally, Europeans and Americans shake hands with the right hand—the strongest one for most people. If our right hand is busy __8__ someone, it cannot be holding a weapon(武器). So the gesture is saying，“I __9__ you. Look, I'm not carrying a threatening weapon.” If you shake hands with someone, you __10__ that you trust them.
Greetings in Asian countries don't include __11__ the other person, but they always include the hands. Traditionally in China, when we greet someone, we put the right __12__ over the left and bow slightly. Muslims give a “salaam” (穆斯林的额手礼), where they touch their heart, mouth and forehead. Indians join their hands and bow their heads with __13__. In these examples, the hands are busy with the greeting and cannot hold a weapon.
Even today, when some people have __14__ styles of greeting, they still use their hands as a gesture of trust. American youths often greet each other with the __15__， “Give me five！” One person then __16__ his hand, palm(手掌) outwards and five fingers spread. The other person raises his hand and slaps the other's __17__ hand above the head in a “high five”. Nowadays, it is quite a common greeting.
Body language is __18__ and attractive for anyone to study. Some people may __19__themselves much more by their gestures than by their __20__. Look at your friends and family and see if you are a mind-reader!
文章大意：本文是一篇文化类说明文。文章主要说明了身体语言也是我们与别人交流的一种方式，而且文化背景不同，身体语言也会有所不同。
1．A.connect B．talk
C．communicate D．live
答案：C 考查动词辨析。与上句中的“communication”相照应，此处指我们不仅仅通过口头和书面语言交流。故选C。
2．A.Indeed B．Therefore
C．However D．Meanwhile
答案：A 考查副词辨析。本句话与上句话在语气上是承接关系，结合选项意思可知，答案为A，意为“实际上”。B项强调前后句为因果关系；C项强调前后句为转折关系；D项强调同时发生或存在。
3．A.characters B．examples
C．signs D．movements
答案：B 考查名词辨析。本句指我们会经常看见人们会无意识地使用身体语言的情况。故选B，意为“例子，实例”。A项意为“特征，性格，人物”；C项意为“迹象，标志”；D项意为“运动，移动”。
4．A.obvious B．necessary
C．useful D．different
答案：D 考查形容词辨析。根据下文可知，文化不同，“习得的”身体语言也有所不同。故选D。
5．A.when B．unless
C．since D．because
答案：A 考查从属连词辨析。本句指我们何时应该使用习得的身体语言。故选A。
6．A.changed B．developed
C．explored D．discovered
答案：B 考查动词辨析。难度较小，每个文化都有其自己独特的身体语言，这是逐渐发展形成的。故选B。
7．A.strange B．selfish
C．rude D．aggressive
答案：D 考查形容词辨析。根据下文举例可知，这样的身体语言方式是用来向对方表示友好、消除对方的戒备心理的。故选D，意为“侵略性的，好斗的，积极进取的”。
8．A.helping B．pleasing
C．greeting D．reaching
答案：C 考查动词辨析。根据上句可知，与陌生人第一次见面时，欧洲人和美国人都用握手的方式来表示友好。故选C，意为“与……打招呼，向……示好”。
9．A.recognize B．trust
C．follow D．protect
答案：B 考查动词辨析。根据本段最后一句中的“you ________ that you trust them”可知，答案选B。
10．A.show B．promise
C．think D．insist
答案：A 考查动词辨析。此处是指身体语言所表达的意思。故选A，意为“表明”。
11．A.disturbing B．observing
C．touching D．annoying
答案：C 考查动词辨析。此处是指亚洲人与欧洲人在打招呼问候时身体语言上的一些不同，根据常识以及“but they always include the hands”可知，此处强调亚洲人问候打招呼时彼此身体接触较少。故选C。A项意为“打扰”；B项意为“观察，庆祝”；D项意为“惹恼，打扰”。
12．A.arm B．foot
C．fist D．hand
答案：D 考查名词辨析。根据上句中的“but they always include the hands”可知，本句是在说“手”。故选D。
13．A.respect B．confidence
C．care D．understanding
答案：A 考查名词辨析。由于是问候打招呼，所以这些身体语言都是向对方表示友好和尊重的。故选A，意为“尊重，尊敬”。
14．A.common B．traditional
C．casual D．formal
答案：C 考查形容词辨析。根据下句所举的例子可知，这个手势是年轻人见面打招呼常用的，属于非正式的，由此可知，此处指“非正式的、随意的”问候打招呼手势语。故选C。
15．A.idea B．expression
C．action D．order
答案：B 考查名词辨析。“Give me five！”属于一个习惯用语。故选B，意为“表达，措辞”。
16．A.puts out B．sticks up
C．spreads out D．holds up
答案：D 考查动词短语辨析。根据下句“The other person raises his hand and slaps the other's ________ hand...”可知，二者是在击掌。故选D，意为“举起，挂起”。A项意为“伸出，扑灭”；B项意为“竖起”；C项意为“蔓延，延伸”。
17．A.closed B．strong
C．open D．friendly
答案：C 考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“five fingers spread”可知，击掌时“手指分开”。故选C。
18．A.correct B．familiar
C．interesting D．original
答案：C 考查形容词辨析。根据上文内容以及本句中的“and attractive”可知，身体语言包含许多文化内容，所以学习它很有意思。故选C。
19．A.express B．enjoy
C．devote D．behave
答案：A 考查动词辨析。此处指有些人用身体语言传递的信息比用口头语言传递给别人的信息还要多。故选A，意为“传递，表达”。
20．A.marks B．words
C．sounds D．conversations
答案：B 考查名词辨析。此处将身体语言与口头语言相对比。故选B。
十一
(2014河北省“五个一名校联盟”质监一)(夹叙夹议文)
The writer Devin with his friend Johnson went to his favourite news-stand. Johnson __1__ the salesman selling the newspapers gently, but in return he received poor __2__. The salesman never even looked up at his customer when he __3__ the late-night edition. Accepting the __4__， Johnson politely smiled and wished the salesman a pleasant weekend. The salesman made an unclear sound and seemed __5__ that the two men had completed their business. As the two friends walked down the street, Devin asked, “Does he always treat you so __6__？”
“Yes, __7__， he does，” Johnson responded. “And are you always so __8__ and friendly to him？” “Yes, I am！” Johnson __9__ as they turned a corner. “Why are you so nice when he is so unfriendly to you？” Johnson __10__， “Because I don't want him to decide how I am going to __11__.”
Who __12__ how you are going to act? Is it your circumstances or the difficult people in your life that determine your __13__？ When we allow our conflicts to __14__ us, we behave as if getting rid of our difficulties is our only priority. __15__， it doesn't really matter how we treat one another. For example, we'll say, “This __16__ is causing me problems right now so I don't care about exercising __17__， self-control, and loving kindness. Instead, I want to let him know how __18__ I am because of his action.”
We forget our difficulties will eventually weaken. But the way we handle conflicts will influence our __19__ for a long time. Will you only respond to the momentary crisis or will you be more concerned about the __20__ of what kind of person you are becoming? Who decides how you will behave when the pressure is on?
文章大意：生活中我们总是会遇到令人不快的人和事，重要的是我们如何让自己不受这些人和事的影响。
1．A.praised B．paid
C．invited D．greeted
答案：D 由上句went to...news-stand判断：他友好地与售货员打招呼，但是他却没有享受到很好的服务。
2．A.service B．harvest
C．instructions D．scores
答案：A 参考上句解析。
3．A.printed B．requested
C．completed D．took
答案：B 在他买晚报的时候，售货员甚至连头都没有抬一下。
4．A.newspaper B．record
C．radio D．food
答案：A 第1空后newspaper有提示：接过报纸之后，乔治回笑了一下，然后祝他周末愉快。
5．A.encouraged B．disappointed
C．relieved D．worried
答案：C 根据上文这个售货员的行为判断：等他们买完了报纸之后，这个售货员似乎大松了一口气。
6．A.separately B．seriously
C．quickly D．rudely
答案：D 与上文Johnson礼貌的态度构成对比：他是否一直对你不友好？
7．A.obviously B．originally
C．unfortunately D．finally
答案：C 非常遗憾，他一直都这样。
8．A.content B．smart
C．energetic D．kind
答案：D 从上文gently和politely判断：Johnson对这个售货员一直很友善。
9．A.struggled B．hesitated
C．continued D．watched
答案：C 由上下文他们的对话可知：他们一边走一边接着聊。
10．A.ordered B．wondered
C．advised D．explained
答案：D 本空后就是Johnson的解答：因为我不想让他来决定我的行动。
11．A.work B．act
C．arrive D．write
答案：B 参考上句解析。另：第12空后act有提示。
12．A.decides B．imagines
C．answers D．doubts
答案：A 第11空前decide有提示：谁能决定你的行动呢？
13．A.responses B．appearance
C．growth D．progress
答案：A 第20空前respond有提示：是你的环境还是你生活中难缠的人决定你的反应呢？
14．A.wound B．control
C．cheat D．kill
答案：B 从上句determine得出：当这些冲突控制我们时，我们首先会选择摆脱这种窘境。
15．A.Instead B．Again
C．Therefore D．Besides
答案：C 与上句构成因果关系：因此，我们如何对待别人就会显得无关紧要。
16．A.exam B．person
C．trip D．enemy
答案：B 当我们说，这个人给我造成了麻烦，所以我不愿意去施展我的耐心、自控能力和善心。
17．A.pressure B．power
C．duty D．patience
答案：D 参考上句解析。另：与本空后self-control和kindness构成并列。
18．A.proud B．glad
C．angry D．fearful
答案：C 与之相反的是，我真的想让他知道，我对他的行为感到愤怒。
19．A.lives B．experiments
C．friendship D．team
答案：A 我们处理冲突的方式会长时间地影响我们的生活。
20．A.time B．value
C．use D．nationality
答案：B 上文就是我对人生价值的一个思考：你仅仅是对瞬间危机作出反应还是更在乎你的人生价值呢？
十二
(2014·河南濮阳市二模)(夹叙夹议文)
When growing up, I hadn't the slightest curiosity about the authors of books I read; it was the __1__ that was important. My mother, and sometimes my father read __2__ to us every night. I could hardly wait __3__ I could read and write my own books. But in the first grade, I would sit with a group of __4__ while the teacher turned over large sheets of paper. __5__ had been written in crayon and seemed to have something to do with __6__ in one corner—a cat or dog or a tree in autumn. One by one the other children read aloud those black __7__ while I sat unhappy. One day I decided that perhaps __8__ was just making stories up. So the next time when the teacher __9__ to the words, I eagerly __10__ a story about a dog attacking a cat __11__ a tree in autumn. The teacher looked sad and shook her __12__， and I knew that I still had not discovered the magic secret.
By the time I __13__ fifth grade, “writing books” was still my favorite hobby. I rushed home from school each day to write down __14__ had been forming in my head. At sixteen my first story was __15__ in a church magazine. In college, where I was studying to be a psychologist, I was able to pay my __16__ by writing stories. When I got my bachelor's degree, I decided to write more than anything else, so I began writing __17__. I have since published books for both children and __18__. I'm not happy unless I spend some time writing. Usually I write about six hours each day. I spend three months to a year on a children's book, __19__ how well I know the __20__ before I begin. A novel for adults takes a year or two. When my work is going well. I wake early in the mornings, hoping it is time to get up.
文章大意：作者小时候很难领会老师图画上的含义，但是她有一种想写点什么的冲动感，从六年级的时候，便开始每天写下点什么。到大学毕业时，她已经能为儿童和成年人写小说了。
1．A.experience B．story
C．process D．class
答案：B 我认为故事更重要，而不是小说的作者。根据上一句的the authors of books可知选story。
2．A.aloud B．loudly
C．loud D．widely
答案：A 母亲，有时是父亲晚上给我读故事书。aloud与read，think连用时，表示“出声”；loud用于talk, speak，shout，laugh等动词之后，意为“响亮地”、“大声”。
3．A.before B．after
C．until D．though
答案：C 非常渴望读书和自己写书，该句式考查了not...until...结构。
4．A.teachers B．parents
C．children D．writers
答案：C 下文的the other children说明，作者是这些孩子中的一个，因此选children。
5．A.Lectures B．Rules
C．Meanings D．Sentences
答案：D 下文提及孩子们正在读纸上用蜡笔写的东西，因此选sentences。
6．A.words B．news
C．pictures D．promises
答案：C 后面的解释a cat or dog or a tree in autumn说明这里指图片。
7．A.pages B．marks
C．dots D．grades
答案：B 本句中的those black marks指写在纸上的句子，因此选marks。
8．A.reading B．listening
C．speaking D．playi课件76张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题二完形填空第四讲 说明文 专题二说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为：
1．开头点题主体明确。做说明文型完形填空题时，要明确说明的主体是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文型完形填空题中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。
2．结构清晰特征显明。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认识顺序。说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，语言直白，写作脉络清晰。 【例】 (2012·新课标全国卷)
Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks __36__ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more __37__ than we realize. In fact, non-verbal (非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really __38__. And body language is particularly __39__ when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so __40__ a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. __41__ different societies treat the__42__ between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having __43__contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with __44__. People from Latin American countries, __45__ touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in __46__， it may look like a Latino is __47__ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving __48__. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep __49__—which the Latino will in return regard as __50__.
Clearly, a great deal is going on when people __51__. And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from __52__ cultures, there's a strong possibility of __53__. But whatever the situation the best __54__ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be __55__.36．A.straighter B．louder
C．harder D．further
37．A.sounds B．invitations
C．feelings D．messages
38．A.hope B．receive
C．discover D．mean
39．A.immediate B．misleading
C．important D．difficult
40．A.well B．far
C．much D．long41．A.For example B．Thus
C．However D．In short
42．A.trade B．distance
C．connections D．greetings
43．A.eye B．verbal
C．bodily D．telephone
44．A.strangers B．relatives
C．neighbours D．enemies
45．A.in other words B．on the other hand
C．in a similar way D．by all means46．A.trouble B．conversation
C．silence D．experiment
47．A.disturbing B．helping
C．guiding D．following
48．A.closer B．faster
C．in D．away
49．A.stepping forward B．going on
C．backing away D．coming out
50．A.weakness B．carelessness
C．friendliness D．coldness51．A.talk B．travel
C．laugh D．think
52．A.different B．European
C．Latino D．rich
53．A.curiosity B．excitement
C．misunderstanding D．nervousness
54．A.chance B．time
C．result D．advice
55．A.noticed B．treated
C．respected D．pleased
说明文要这样读
1．利用说明文的首句查找说明主体
说明文一般开头点题，即作者往往在首句直接提出说明对象。这篇文章的首句为：Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all！故文章说明的主体就是“body language”。
2．把握说明文的两种结构模式
(1)总分式。包括“总—分、分—总、总—分—总”等具体形式。本篇文章采用“总—分—总”模式，即先说明“body language”的重要性，然后用跨文化交流的一个例子来说明，即“Northern Europeans”和“People from Latin American countries”在交流中的“body language”，最后作总结。
(2)递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括：
空间顺序——从上到下，或者从外到内，或者从左到右，或者从南到北，或者从远到近，或者从中间到四周，或者从整体到部分；
时间顺序——按照时间先后顺序来安排，事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程；
逻辑顺序——有些说明文主要是剖析事理的，在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排，或者从主到次，或者从浅到深，或者从原因到结果，构成严密的条理性。
说明文题要这样做
第一步：通过短文首尾句抓主旨
说明文的篇首会出现话题中心，通过首段可把握文章的主题；而尾句往往是文章的结论或点睛之笔。利用开篇具有启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句可以概括出本篇文章的大意为：身势语在日常交际中非常重要，但在不同文化背景下对它有着不同的理解，因此也会引起双方的误解。
第二步：填空时关注段落或意群间的内在联系
文章第一段可以分为三个意群。第一个意群为前两句，提出“body language”的重要性超过了语言，故36题自然为louder；第二个意群第3、4句，从专家的角度列举论据；第三个意群为5～13句，其中心内容为：Indeed，what is called body language is so __40__ a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.；然后以8～13句的具体事例说明中心内容。
在第一段说明“body language”在交际中的重要作用的基础上，第二段提出了解决“misunderstanding”的方法，即第二段的最后一句：treat others as you would like to be __55__.第三步：重览短文，查缺补漏
通读文章，检查思路是否顺畅及有无逻辑关系错误，同时填补遗留的空缺。
解题模板
36．B 身势语比话语表达更“响亮”。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是文章首句中的“most powerful language”。
37．D 在专家们看来，身势语能够传递出的信息比我们意识到的更多。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是文章开头两句的内容及空前的“bodies”和“send out”。
38．D 事实上，非语言类交流在表达我们真正的用意时，占大约50%。词义辨析题。明确各选项意义是关键：hope“希望”；receive“收到”；discover“发现，察觉”；mean“想说(的话)，想表达(的意思)”。
39．C 当我们试图进行跨文化交流时，身势语就显得格外重要。生活常识和文化背景题。根据常识，跨文化交流多有语言障碍，故身势语的作用便尤为重要。
40．C 身势语是我们自身很大的一部分，以至于它实际上经常被忽视。上下文语义理解题。本段第四句提到身势语在日常交际中占到了一半，故此句表示它是我们自身很大的一部分。
41．A 例如，不同的社会群体在对待人与人之间的距离的问题上观点是不同的。逻辑关系题。信息依据是上一句提到的会发生误解及下文所举的例子。for example用于举例说明。
42．B 例如，不同的社会群体在对待人与人之间的距离的问题上观点是不同的。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空后下一句提到了拉丁人努力缩短和挪威人之间的距离。
43．C 北欧人通常不喜欢身体接触，甚至朋友之间，北欧人也不喜欢肢体上的接触，对于陌生人，他们当然更不会喜欢这种接触了。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是下面几句所列举的例子，另外，45空后的“touch”也是提示。
44．A 北欧人通常不喜欢身体接触，甚至朋友之间，北欧人也不喜欢肢体上的接触，对于陌生人，他们当然更不会喜欢这种接触了。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空前该句中出现的“friends”，两者形成对比。
45．B 另一方面，拉美国家的人身体接触很多。逻辑关系题。信息依据是上一句提到北欧人不喜欢身体接触，而本句提到拉美国家的人身体接触很多，所以用on the other hand与上文形成对比。
46．B 因此，在交谈中，拉丁美洲人看起来总是跟着挪威人满房间跑的情况是有可能发生的。生活常识及文化背景题。根据常识，身势语在交谈中才能体现出来，其余选项都与交际的关系不密切。
47．D 因此，在交谈中，拉丁美洲人看起来总是跟着挪威人满房间跑的情况是有可能发生的。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是下面两句所讲述的内容。在交谈中，拉丁人想离对方近一些以示友谊，而挪威人却一直在后退，故好像是拉丁人在跟着挪威人跑一样。
48．A 拉丁人会不断靠近，以示亲近。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空前的“trying to express friendship”。
49．C 挪威人很可能认为这种亲近行为很粗鲁并不断“后退”，而拉丁美洲人会将这种行为视为冷淡。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是本句中的“pushiness”及该段倒数第五句提到的挪威人不喜欢身体接触。
50．D 挪威人很可能认为这种亲近行为很粗鲁并不断“后退”，而拉丁美洲人会将这种行为视为冷淡。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是本段倒数第四句提到的拉丁美洲人有很多身体接触，故他们会将对方后退躲避的行为视为冷淡。
51．A 显然，当人们交谈的时候，很多东西在进行。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是上文出现的“conversation”以及下句中的“words”。52．A 当来自不同文化的人聚集在一起时，很可能产生误解。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是第一段中的“And body language is particularly __39__ when we attempt to communicate across cultures”，两者相呼应，故此处表示拥有不同文化背景的人。
53．C 当来自不同文化的人聚集在一起时，很可能产生误解。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是第一段中出现的“misunderstanding”以及拉丁人和挪威人之间的误解。
54．D 不管情况如何，最好的建议是遵从这条黄金法则：你希望别人怎样对待你，你就应该怎样对待别人。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空后的“to obey the Golden Rule：...”。
55．B 不管情况如何，最好的建议是遵从这条黄金法则：你希望别人怎样对待你，你就应该怎样对待别人。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空前的“treat”。The world is full of __6__ stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone's __7__ interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child __8__ bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the __9__ of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great __10__ but are soon looking forward to __11__. The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many __12__， who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, __13__ drove for hours at a time when they first __14__ their driver's licenses (执照)? Before people retire, they usually __15__ to do a lot of __16__ things, which they never had __17__ to do while working. But __18__ after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they __19__. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new __20__.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。一般来说，任何事情做久了都会让人厌倦。不论是在工作中还是人们的日常生活中都会有这样的现象。同样的厌倦心理也会出现在各个年龄段。
1．A.principle B．habit
C．way D．power
答案：A 文章开头提出，一般来说，所有形式的活动当它们按照一定的常规来进行的话，都会造成人无聊厌倦。这是一个常规，一个规则，故本空应填principle，意为“原则”。而 habit个人行为习惯；way方法，方式；power权利，力量，均不合语境。
2．A.parties B．races
C．countries D．ages
答案：D 由后文可知，这个原则适应于所有年龄的人。party政党；race种族；country国家；age年龄。由后面举的孩子和年轻人的例子可知。
3．A.working B．living
C．playing D．going
答案：C 在圣诞节的早上，孩子们很显然是对玩新玩具很兴奋。 play with玩……，跟……玩儿，符合语境。work with跟……共事；live with跟……一起生活；go with跟……一起去，均不合语境。
4．A.confidence B．interest
C．anxiety D．sorrow
答案：B 由常识可知，孩子们刚开始玩新玩具时，很感兴趣，但是慢慢地，就会失去兴趣。confidence自信；interest兴趣；anxiety焦虑；sorrow伤心。由语境可知B项正确。
5．A.same B．extra
C．funny D．expensive
答案：A 很显然，此处表示的是“圣诞节的新玩具被放置一边了”，也就是跟刚开始的玩具是一样的，故选same同样的，一样的。而非extra(额外的)，funny(可笑的)，expensive(昂贵的)。
6．A.well-organized B．colorfully-printed
C．newly-collected D．half-filled
答案：D 由空后面的信息 unfinished models可知，此处表示“还没有集满的集邮册”，即：half-filled。well-organized有序的，有条理的；colorful-printed彩印的；newly-collected新收集的，均不合语境。
7．A.broad B．passing
C．different D．main
答案：B 前面提到没集满的集邮册，未完成的模型，这每一个都是某个人短暂兴趣的纪念碑。broad广泛的；passing经过的，passing interest短暂的兴趣；different不同的；main主要的。由语境可知B项正确。
8．A.silently B．impatiently
C．gladly D．worriedly
答案：C 由常识可知，当父母带回家一个宠物时，刚开始孩子们很高兴的给它洗澡，梳毛；silently默默地；impatiently不耐烦地；gladly高兴地；worriedly担心地。由语境可知C项正确。
9．A.promise B．burden
C．right D．game
答案：B 由语境可知，过一段时间之后，照顾宠物的责任就移交到父母手上。promise保证；burden负担，责任；right权利；game游戏。由语境可知B项正确。
10．A.courage B．calmness
C．confusion D．excitement
答案：D 青少年刚进高中是非常兴奋的。courage勇气；calmness镇静，冷静；confusion困惑；excitement兴奋，激动。
11．A.graduation B．independence
C．responsibility D．success
答案：A 新鲜劲刚过，就会盼望着毕业。graduation毕业；independence自立，独立；responsibility责任；success成功。很显然，这些学生兴奋劲过去之后就会盼望着毕业，故A项正确。
12．A.children B．students
C．adults D．retirees
答案：C 由空后的long drives to work可知，此处举的是成年人的例子，故C项正确。
13．A.carefully B．eagerly
C．nervously D．bravely
答案：B 由常识可知，刚拿到驾照，肯定会迫不及待地一次开上几个小时。carefully小心地；eagerly急切地；迫不及待地；nervously紧张地；bravely勇敢地。由语境可知B项正确。
14．A.required B．obtained
C．noticed D．discovered
答案：B 此处表示“刚拿到驾照”，obtain得到，获得，符合语境。require要求；notice注意到；discover发现，均不合语境。
15．A.need B．learn
C．start D．plan
答案：D 由常识可知，人在退休前往往要计划好退休后干很多事。need需要；learn学会；start开始；plan计划。
16．A.great B．strange
C．difficult D．correct
答案：A 由语境可知，退休前计划要干的都是在上班时不能干的大事，即：great things，故A项正确。strange奇怪的，陌生的；difficult困难的；correct正确的，均不合语境。
17．A.time B．money
C．skills D．knowledge
答案：A 工作时，缺的是时间；工作时没时间干的事，就计划退休后干。
18．A.only B．well
C．even D．soon
答案：D 由常识可知，退休后不久，诸如打高尔夫球，钓鱼，读书以及所有的打发时间的休闲活动就跟他们离开的工作一样无聊了。此处表示“时间上的快”，要用副词soon。only只有；well好的；even甚至，均不合语境。
19．A.lost B．chose
C．left D．quit
答案：C 由常识可知，退休就是离开工作岗位，即leave，而非 quit(辞职，退出)；lose(失去)；choose(选择)。
20．A.pets B．toys
C．friends D．colleagues
答案：B 就像一月份的孩子一样，他们又去寻找新的玩具了。这与上文相呼应。上文提到，圣诞过后，孩子很快就对圣诞玩具不感兴趣了。
On any given day, countless numbers of us get out of bed and __3__ to begin to change a given behavior “today”. Whether it be exercising more, drinking less, managing time __4__ or some other change in a negative behavior, we start out with high __5__. In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail and are soon doing __6__ it was they thought they shouldn't be doing.
After considerable research, some researchers believe that behavior changes usually do not __7__ if they start with the change itself. __8__， they believe that we must __9__ a series of “stages” to adequately prepare ourselves for that __10__ change. Once you have analyzed all the factors that __11__ what you do, you must decide which behavior-change technique will work best for you.According to the psychologist Albert Ellis, most __12__ problems and related behaviors arise from irrational(不理性的) statements that people make to __13__ when events in their lives are different from what they would like them to be. For example, suppose after doing __14__ on an exam, you say to yourself，“I can't believe I failed that easy exam. I'm so stupid.” By changing this irrational “catastrophic” self-talk into rational, __15__ statements about what is really going on, you can increase the __16__ that positive behaviors will occur.Positive self-talk might be __17__ as follows: “I really didn't study enough for the exam. I just need to prepare for the next __18__.”
Such self-talk will help you to recover quickly from __19__ and take positive steps to correct the situation. Some other technique like purposefully __20__ or stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell on(沉湎于) negative images can also spare you wasted energy, time and emotional resources and move on to positive changes.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“我们”自身养成的一些坏习惯不是一朝一夕就能改变的。想成功地改掉这些消极的行为就必须给“我们”一些时间用积极的行为来替代消极的行为。
1．A.decline B．remain
C．disappear D．improve
答案：D 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“when you make gradual changes that give you time to __2__ negative patterns for positive ones”可知，此处是指成功地改变消极行为的可能性会得到改善。improve意为“改善，提高”，符合语境。故选D项。decline意为“下降”；remain意为“仍然，保持”；disappear意为“消失”，均与语境不符。
2．A.substitute B．cancel
C．find D．ignore
答案：A 考查动词辨析。由语境可知，此处指用一些积极的行为来替代一些消极的行为。固定短语：substitute sth.for sth.意为“用……来替代……”，符合语境。故选A项。cancel意为“取消”；find意为“找到，发现”；ignore意为“忽视”，均与语境不符。
3．A.refuse B．determine
C．hesitate D．advocate
答案：B 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“...we start out with high ________. In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail...”可知，每天无数人起床之后都下定决心从“今天”开始改变一些行为。determine意为“下决心”，符合语境。故选B项。refuse意为“拒绝”；hesitate意为“犹豫”；advocate意为“提倡”，均与语境不符。
4．A.more B．better
C．worse D．less
答案：B 考查副词辨析。根据上文中的“be exercising more，drinking less”(多锻炼，少喝酒)可知，此处指更好地安排时间。better意为“更好地”，符合语境。故选B项。more意为“更多”；worse意为“更糟糕”；less意为“更少”，均与语境不符。
5．A.values B．requirements
C．expectations D．levels
答案：C 考查名词辨析。根据下文可知，此处指我们带着高的期望值开始。expectation意为“期待”，符合语境。故选C项。value意为“价值”；requirement意为“要求”；level意为“水平”，均与语境不符。
6．A.whichever B．however
C．wherever D．whatever
答案：D 考查名词性从句。根据句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“was”的表语，且没有范围限制，所以使用whatever，意为“无论什么”。故选D项。whichever意为“无论哪个(些)”，有范围限制；however意为“无论怎样”；wherever意为“无论哪里”，均与语境不符。
7．A.succeed B．fail
C．exist D．fade
答案：A 考查动词辨析。根据下文可知，文中认为必须要经历一系列的阶段来为最终的改变做好充分准备，因此如果只是改变习惯本身是不会成功的。succeed意为“成功”，符合语境。故选A项。fail意为“失败”；exist意为“存在”；fade意为“凋谢，褪色”，均与语境不符。
8．A.Nevertheless B．Otherwise
C．Instead D．Moreover
答案：C 考查副词辨析。根据上文“改变习惯本身是不会成功的”和下文“我们必须要经历一系列的阶段为最终的改变做好充分准备”可知，此处是肯定后者否定前者，instead意为“相反”，符合语境。故选C项。nevertheless意为“然而“；otherwise意为“否则”；moreover意为“而且”，均与语境不符。
9．A.look through B．break through
C．go through D．pull through
答案：C 考查动词短语辨析。我们必须要经历一系列的阶段为最终的改变做好充分准备。go through意为“经历，通过”，符合语境。故选C项。look through意为“浏览，检查”；break through意为“突破”；pull through意为“渡过难关，恢复健康”，均与语境不符。
10．A.initial B．temporary
C．instant D．eventual
答案：D 考查形容词辨析。根据上文可知，如果我们要成功地改变这些坏的习惯，就要为最终的变化做好充分的准备。eventual意为“最后的”，符合语境。故选D项。initial意为“最初的”；temporary意为“临时的”；instant意为“立即的”，均与语境不符。
11．A.involve B．influence
C．explain D．adjust
答案：B 考查动词辨析。句意为：一旦你已经分析出影响你行为的所有因素，你就必须决定出哪些改变行为的技巧会对你最起作用。influence意为“影响”，符合语境。故选B项。involve意为“包括，涉及”；explain意为“解释”；adjust意为“调整，适应”，均与语境不符。
12．A.emotional B．physical
C．technical D．professional
答案：A 考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“related behaviors arise from irrational(不理性的)statements”可知，此处为情绪上的问题。emotional意为“情绪的”，符合语境。故选A项。physical意为“身体的，物质的”；technical意为“技术的”；professional意为“专业的”，均与语境不符。
13．A.all B．others
C．someone D．themselves
答案：D 考查代词辨析。根据前面的主语“people”以及下文中的“in their lives”“what they would like...”和“you say to yourself”可知，此处用反身代词 themselves。故选D项。
14．A.poorly B．carefully
C．completely D．slowly
答案：A 考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“...you say to yourself，‘I can't believe I failed that easy exam.I'm so stupid.’”可知，此处指如果自己考试考得很糟糕。poorly意为“差劲地，糟糕地，贫乏地”，符合语境。故选A项。carefully意为“小心地”；completely意为“完全地”；slowly意为“慢慢地”，均与语境不符。
15．A.positive B．ridiculous
C．negative D．explicit
答案：A 考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“that positive behaviors will occur”可知，此处应用positive，意为“积极的”，符合语境。故选A项。ridiculous意为“荒谬的”；negative意为“消极的”；explicit意为“清晰的，清楚的”，均与语境不符。
16．A.danger B．awareness
C．amount D．probability
答案：D 考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“By changing this irrational‘catastrophic’ self-talk into rational”可知，你可以提高积极的行为发生的可能性。probability意为“可能性”，符合语境。故选D项。danger意为“危险”；awareness意为“意识”；amount意为“量”，均与语境不符。
17．A.written B．phrased
C．listed D．captioned
答案：B 考查动词辨析。根据下文引号中的内容可知，此处指积极的自我谈话的措辞如下……phrase意为“措辞，短语”，符合语境。故选B项。write意为“写”；list意为“列出”；caption意为“给……加上标题”，均与语境不符。
18．A.research B．test
C．talk D．problem
答案：B 考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“I really didn't study enough for the exam.”可知，这次考试准备不足，下一次考试要好好准备。故选B项。
19．A.tiredness B．habits
C．disappointment D．burdens
答案：C 考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“I really didn't study enough for the exam.”可知，此处指这次考试没考好而引起的失望。disappointment意为“失望”，符合语境。故选C项。tiredness意为“疲劳”，habits意为“习惯”；burden意为“负担”，均与语境不符。
20．A.recalling B．starting
C．blocking D．holding
答案：C 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell on(沉湎于)negative images”可知，block意为“阻碍”，与句中的“stop”和“refuse”意思相近，符合语境。故选C项。recall意为“回想”；start意为“开始”；hold意为“持有”，均与语境不符。课件29张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题二完形填空
2014年高考的完形填空体裁多为记叙文和夹叙夹议文，兼有说明文和议论文。文章的主题明确，条理清晰，叙事通畅明了，逻辑性强，语言地道生动，内容颇具教育意义，有助于学生形成正确的情感态度和价值观。设空以单词填空为主，短语或词组填空为辅；考查以实词为主，虚词为辅，重点考查考生根据上下文选择恰当词汇的能力。
完形填空实质上是考查阅读理解和语言知识的综合性题型，目的是测试考生综合运用语言知识的能力。20处空白中主要填入实词，虚词较少。做该类题所需时间约15分钟，文章难度相当于中学必修教材的难度。在做该类题时，考生不应像对待单句形式的选择题那样去孤立地解决某一个问题，因为完形填空题中的每一处空白都与上下文密切相关，一处空白的失误有时会导致对通篇文章的错误理解。通过对历年高考完形填空题的分析，可归纳出高考完形填空的命题规律和特点：
1.大部分完形填空取材于原汁原味的英语文章，情节完整，篇章启迪性强。
2.体裁多为记叙文和夹叙夹议文，兼有说明文和议论文。首句不设空，且首句往往是文章的一个关键句，是了解整篇文章的一个窗口。
3.多为行文逻辑题，词语搭配题、语法题和文化常识题相对较少，有效地考查了考生的语篇把握能力和考生对语法词汇的掌握能力。
1．略读全文，把握大意。
文章都有中心议题和中心内容。通读全文，才能全局在胸、弄清文脉、理清思路，才能抓住文章主旨，获得整体印象，把握短文大意，使思维朝着正确的方向发展。在阅读中要特别注意提示句，并尽量记忆关键词、句，力求把文章内容串联起来。2.细读全文，初选试填。
在理解全文大意的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，遵循词不离句、句不离文的原则，联系上下文内容，运用平时积累的英语语法和语言知识及根据文中语义、逻辑和搭配的需要进行综合考虑，通过分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项，初步选定答案。
在作出选择的过程中，要瞻前顾后，通篇考虑，先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先进行确定。对少数难题，可暂定答案，在复读全文后分析推敲。
3.复读全文，校核答案。
完成选择后，要把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。完成后的文章应该文意完整、语法正确、语言通顺、用词恰当、逻辑合理、符合习惯表达法。如发现错误或有疑问的答案，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。
规律一 利用“复现”关系解题
复现是行文必须使用的一种词汇衔接手段，它通过原词、同(近)义词、反义词、同源词、概括词等形式重复某一信息。复现包括原词复现、同(近)义复现、反义复现和解释型复现等。可根据单词的复现来填上下文。
【例】 (2013·新课标卷Ⅱ)He looks around at __22__. He stops when he __23__ someone with no gloves.
22．A.cars B．people
C．street numbers D．traffic lights
解析：本题属于原词复现。根据24空后的looking for more people with cold __25__(hands) 中的more people应是22空的复现。
答案：B
23．A.helps B．chooses
C．greets D．sees
解析：本题属于原词复现。根据22空前的He looks around at __22__(people)中的looks around at，可知23空应选sees。
答案：D
规律二 利用词的外延关系解题
根据词的范围大小关系，及外延不同，来选择合适的选项。
【例】 (2013·新课标卷Ⅱ)It runs in the __33__. Michael's father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier.
A．city B．family
C．neighborhood D．company
解析：Michael和他的父亲是生活在同一个家庭，其他的选项A、C和D根据语境和选项的范围关系可知不恰当。
答案：B
规律三 根据文化背景和生活常识进行逻辑推理
和阅读理解一样，高考英语完形填空的材料都选自原汁原味的英美文章，因此此类文章会反映英语国家的历史文化、风土人情、民俗、节日、生活习惯等方面的信息。同时完形填空也会涉及人物的社会关系、职位、安全、学习及生活方面的常识。
【例】 (2013·北京卷)To perfect her skills, Lola __36__ for four hours a day, five days a week.
A．runs B．teaches
C．trains D．dances
解析：Lola是一位体操运动员，要想技术完美，根据常识，Lola应该进行体操训练，而不是跑步，教学和跳舞。
答案：C
规律四 根据上下文语境确定选项
高考完形填空最常考的四种逻辑关系是并列、转折让步、因果和时间，被称为逻辑“四大天王”。几乎每年必考。完形填空要从特定的“情景”意义来选择一个最佳答案，可以说完形填空难就难在对文章逻辑的正确把握。
【例】 (2013·北京卷)That's especially impressive, __37__ she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift (移动) constantly.
A．since B．unless
C．after D．though
解析：根据That's especially impressive, 可知后面的句子应该是解释的原因。37空前后是因果关系。
答案：A
规律五 根据习惯用法和固定搭配来选择答案
运用词语间的搭配关系，考生就可以在看懂句意的情况下直接锁定答案。有时，即使确定不了答案，也会大大地缩小选择的范围。固定搭配常涉及介词与动词、副词与动词、动词与宾语、形容词与介词、介词短语等。
【例】 (2013·江苏卷)I found myself homeless and alone. I had my truck and $ 56. I __38__ the countryside for some place I could rent for the __39__(cheapest) possible amount.
38．A.crossed B．left
C．toured D．searched
解析：search...for...搜查……以寻找……。为固定搭配。
答案：D
规律六 利用语篇结构层次解题
完形填空的取材多为完整性、严密性非常好的文章。如果是记叙文，其故事结构完整，包括事件的时间、地点、人物、起因、发展以及结局等。如果是说明文，层次一定分明，一目了然。如果是议论文，应该论点明确，正反方观点明确。
【例】 (2014·安徽卷)Most people learn best using a variety of __40__，but traditional classes are an ideal (理想的) start for many people.
A．paintings B．regulations
C．methods D．computers
解析：本句为本段的主题句。上一段讨论了学习语言的原因，本段讨论的是学习方法。
答案：C
规律七 利用首尾句解题
首句是一个完整的句子，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键，是理解全文大意的一扇窗户，所以理解首句信息显得很重要。一般情况下，高考完形填空首句不设空。少数情况下，即使设空，也是在句子末尾，不影响考生对句意的把握。
(2013·浙江卷)I would recommend an exchange program to anyone who wants to experience foreign cultures and gain meaningful __40__.
A．instructions B．friendships
C．facts D．data
解析：前面提到，我在法国交流学习时交到一个巴西的好朋友，我们在一起度过了很多有意义的时光，因此，此处我要给任何想体验外国文化和获得有意义的友谊的人推荐交流项目。
答案：B课件20张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题三阅读理解第一讲 主旨大意题 专题三1.设题角度
(1)选出文章最佳标题；(2)概括文章或段落大意
2．设问方式
(1)What is the main idea/topic of the passage?
(2)What does the passage mainly discuss?
(3)Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
(4)What would be the best title for the text?
(5)Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
3．解题思路
(1)寻找主题句，确定文章大意。在许多情况下，尤其是在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点，我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾，因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨概括类试题多采用浏览法，即浏览文章的首段和尾段的首句和尾句或每段的首句或尾句，重点搜索主题信息。
(2)抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找各段落中心的基础上。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。不能仅依据只言片语或某一段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重彩的“重心”，考虑文章的材料组织及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析故事情节围绕什么展开的，最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。
(3)抓主线和关键词，归纳文章中心。要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句隐含在段落中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，继而概括出段落的主题，推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。
4．解题技巧
准确选定完美标题
简言之，可以用四个字概括文章标题的特点，即：精，准，全，新。
具体是：
精——用精练的语言概括文章的中心思想。
准——要注意文章的内涵和外延，把作者的观点准确地表达出来。
全——要排除掉那些片面的观点，选取包含文章主要内容及作者观点的选项，范围不宜过大或过小。
新——所选的标题要新颖，对读者有吸引力，能激发读者的阅读兴趣。所以选择标题时我们要做到：
1.要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑所给选项与文章主题是否有密切的联系。
2.再看对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。
3.要注意题目是过大还是过小，避免下列三种错误。
(1)概括不够(多表现为以部分代整体，从而导致范围太小)；
(2)过度概括(多表现为人为地扩大范围)；
(3)以事实、细节替代具体的大意。
【例】 Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer (征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.
In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.
For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside，where things move at a quieter and slower pace.
The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived (复兴)its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.
71．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Life in Ireland
B．A Very Difficult History
C．Ireland, Past and Present
D．The Independence of Ireland解题导语：昔日的爱尔兰饱经风霜，如今的爱尔兰光彩夺目。翻开它的历史，体验它的风情。爱尔兰，一个神奇的国度。
解析：71.考查文章标题的选择。本题要求概括文章标题，属于主旨大意题。文章回顾了爱尔兰艰辛的独立过程(第一段)以及曾经的艰难岁月(第二段)，接着叙述了爱尔兰如今的风貌(第三段和第四段)，所以”爱尔兰的今昔”作为文章标题最合适。故选C。A项(爱尔兰的生活)范围过大；B项(一段很艰难的历史)是文章前两段的主要内容；D项(爱尔兰的独立)只是文中的细节内容。(2013·辽宁高考阅读B)
Going green seems to be a fad(时尚) for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we can't really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.
On April 22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.
With the idea of going green every single day for a year, Our Green Year started. My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment. We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.
Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles. We now shop at organic(有机的) stores. We consume less meat, choosing green food. We have greatly reduced our buying we don't need. We have given away half of what we owned through websites. Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners. We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread. In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others. We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.
What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Going Green
B．Protecting the Planet
C．Keeping Open-Minded
D．Celebrating Our Green Year
答案：A 由文章第一段“Going green seems to be a fad (时尚) for a lot of people these days. ...but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle. ”及第五段“ Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. ”可知本文的主题是“Going Green”， 故A项“追求绿色”正确。B项“保护地球”曲解文意；C项“保持思维开放”，无中生有；D项“庆祝我们的绿色之年”以偏概全。课件12张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题三阅读理解第二讲 细节理解题 专题三1.设题角度
(1)直接事实题；(2)间接事实题
2．设问方式
(1)Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?
(2)Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
(3)All of the following statements may be true/false except ________.
(4)What/Why/How many/How much...?
(5)Which of the following is NOT included in the passage?
3．解题思路
(1)浏览全文，了解信息。快速通读全文，大致了解不同信息间的差异，为解决问题做好信息储备。
(2)抓关键词，快速寻读。根据题目要求，从题干中抓住关键性词语，然后以此为线索，通过略读和寻读的方法快速而准确地在文章中寻找与此问题相关的信息，找到后仔细阅读，反复品味，认真比较选项和文中细节，在准确理解该细节的前提下，排除干扰项，从而确定答案。
(3)回读信息，验证答案。确定答案后，必须回读原文，再次根据原文中的信息对选项进行验证。
(4)掌握技巧，高效提能。对于细节理解题，我们要恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧，在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案，从而迅速高效提升阅读能力。【例】 (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)
...At the same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival. Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.
Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh...
Who joined the “Fringe” after it appeared?
A．Popular writers.
B．University students.
C．Artists from around the world.
D．Performers of music and dance.答案：(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
...The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉). Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced.
As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus—until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world？...
The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby's ________.
A．sense of hearing B．sense of sight
C．sense of touch D．sense of smell
答案：B 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“Paragraph 1”以及“the experiment，baby”寻找信息：She stares at it... her gaze starts...以及Her gaze returns；she looks at it...可知，这个实验和婴儿的视力有关。故选B。课件22张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题三阅读理解第三讲 推理判断题 专题三
1.设题角度
(1)推断隐含含义；(2)推断作者的观点、态度、写作目的和意图；(3)推断文章的出处；(4)推断文章中人物的性格态度等。
2．设问方式
(1)We can infer/learn from the (last)paragraph that ________.
(2)It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
(3)The passage implies /suggests that________. (4)The author's purpose of writing the passage is ________.
(5)From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ________.
(6)The author believes that ________.
(7)It is most likely to be inferred from the passage that ________.
(8)Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
(9)The author most probably implies in this section that ________. 3．解题思路
(1)抓关键信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理。从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
(2)整合全文(段)信息，综合推断。做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳选项。
(3)用语境褒贬性，看写作意图。几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定褒贬性，它反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好这一点，就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。
(4)寻字里行间，定情感脉络。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词。
(5)据上下文逻辑，实事求是判断。逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。 4．解题技巧
推测写作意图有妙招
不同的文章有不同的写作意图，归纳起来通常有以下三种：
1.to entertain readers(娱乐读者，让人发笑)，常见于故事类的文章。
2.to persuade readers，to sell a product or a service，to attract more visitors/readers/audience(说服读者接受某种观点，购买某种产品或服务，吸引游客、读者或观众)，多见于广告类的文章。
3．to inform readers(告知读者某些信息)，多见于科普知识类、新闻报道类或社会文化类的文章。
作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实或情形，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。所以考生在理解文章主旨大意的前提下，不但要理解文章的内容，同时还要学会对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳、总结和分析。
【例】 Skeptics are a strange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The “eco-guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.
Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.
So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”
Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的) ”．
A critical(批判的) eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.
What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?
A．To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.
B．To warn the public of the danger of half-blindness with reviews.
C．To blame the media's lack of responsibility in presenting information.
D．To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.
解题导语： 怀疑论者对许多问题的质疑让人瞠目结舌，受各种因素的制约，大众对许多问题一知半解，如同雾里看花。因此，媒体有责任全面地报道事实的真相，让众人看得明明白白、真真切切。
解析：考查作者的写作目的。文章从怀疑论者的质疑引出了本文的话题(第一段)，接着剖析了一本书无比流行的深层原因(第二、三、四段)，最后作者则发表了自己的见解(最后一段)。由此可知，作者的主要目的是呼吁媒体全面地呈现信息。A项意为“鼓励怀疑论者有批判的眼光”，B项意为“警告大众对观点半信半疑的危害”，C项意为“责备媒体在呈现信息时缺乏责任心”，D项意为“表明媒体全面呈现信息的重要性”。A、B、C三项都不是作者的写作目的。故选D。When milk arrived on the doorstep
When I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5-year-old boy, I couldn't take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.
Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order, my mother would pen a note—“Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery”—and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then, the buttermilk would magically(魔术般) appear.
All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn't freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete(竞争). Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service.
Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it on the back porch(门廊). Every so often my son's friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.
What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy's house?
A．He wanted to have tea there.
B．He was a respectable person.
C．He was treated as a family member.
D．He was fully trusted by the family.
解题导语：作者通过回忆从前给家里送牛奶的Basille先生的故事，表达了对童年的美好回忆和对他的深厚感情。
答案：D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段的描述可知，给送奶人Mr. Basille“我”家的钥匙是为了方便他在天冷的时候把奶放到室内，可见“我”的家人对他很信任。A项(他想在那里喝茶)属于颠倒是非；B项(他是个值得尊敬的人)和C项(他被当成家庭成员对待)属于推理过度。故选D。专题三 第4讲
一
A
(2014·新课标Ⅰ·A篇)
The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge
Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!
The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the age of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.
Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue, Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.
Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.
Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at: http：//cambridgesciencefestival.org.
文章大意：本文介绍了剑桥大学科学节(CSF)的第六届好奇心挑战活动，旨在告知学生参加。
1．Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?
A．School students. B．Cambridge locals.
C．CSF winners. D．MIT artists.
答案：A 细节理解题。由文章第一段信息The Challenge invites，even dares school students between the age of 5 and 14 to create...可知，是学校的学生可以参加，故A项正确。
2．When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?
A．On February 8th. B．On March 10th.
C．On March 15th. D．On April 21st.
答案：D 细节理解题。由文章第三段信息Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st 可知，颁奖典礼是在4月21日举行，故D项正确。
3．What type of writing is this text?
A．An exhibition guide. B．An art show review.
C．An announcement. D．An official report.
答案：C 推理判断题。由文章内容可知，文章介绍的是剑桥科学节的第六届Curiosity Challenge的有关事宜；介绍适合参加的学生，可以干的事情；颁奖典礼，以及获奖者的特别待遇等等，显然是在下通知告知学生参加该活动，故C项正确。
B
(2014·新课标Ⅱ·B篇)
Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.
According to US government reports, emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.
Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.
Twenty-five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, it's hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program. “ Until we do that, nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自从1970年第一个地球日实施以来，美国环境问题得到了很大程度的改善。
4．According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ________.
A．the social movement
B．recycling techniques
C．environmental problems
D．the importance of Earth Day
答案：C 细节理解题。由第一段第二句话“We didn't know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA. 那时我们不知道有环境，更不用说环境还有问题。故选C项。
5．Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?
A．The grass-roots level. B．The business circle.
C．Government officials. D．University professors.
答案：A 细节考查题。由第二段第二句话Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement.尤其是成千上万的草根美国人参加了这一运动。所以对于环保的支持主要来自草根阶层，故选A项。
6．What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?
A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest.
B．They have settled their environmental problems.
C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.
D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures.
答案：D 细节判断题。由第三段中emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons. 可知A项中的“把汽车排放降到最低”错误；再结合第二句可知，C项错误；由Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place可知B项错误D项正确。
7．What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?
A．Education. B．Planning.
C．Green living. D．CO reduction.
答案：A 主旨大意题。文章最后一段讲述了教育对于环保的意义，并且最后Anderson说的话“Until we do that, nothing else will change! ”可知答案选A。
C
(2014·安徽卷·C篇)
You are the collector in the gallery of your life. You collect. You might not mean to but you do. One out of three people collects tangible (有形的) things such as cats, photos and noisy toys.
These are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”—the first of several new museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. In doing so, they will promote a popular culture of museums, not what museums normally represent.
Some of the collections are fairly common—records, model houses. Others are strangely beautiful—branches that have fallen from trees, for example. But they all reveal(显露) a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.
Others on the way include “The Museum of Collectors” and “The Museum of Me.”These new ones, it is hoped, will build on the success of “The Museum Of.” The thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect, and what it means to do so. They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they, too, collect.
Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points: the beginning or end of adolescence—“it's a growing-up thing; you stop when you grow up，”says one. Other painful times are mentioned, such as the end of a relationship. For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady serial (顺序排列的) arrangement is comforting.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。每个人都是自己的人生艺术画廊的收藏者。未来两年，“The Museum Of”将举办40多场无名收藏者的收藏展。
8．How will the new museums promote a popular culture of museum?
A．By collecting more tangible things.
B．By showing what ordinary people have collected.
C．By correcting what museums normally represent.
D．By accumulating 40 collections two years from now.
答案： B 细节理解题。从第二段第一句．..will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. In doing so, they will promote a popular culture of museums可知答案。
9．What can be learned about collectors from their collections?
A．Who they are.
B．How old they are.
C．Where they were born.
D．Why they might not mean to collect.
答案：A 推理判断题。从第三段最后一句But they all reveal a lot of things：ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.可知答案。
10．Which of the following is an aim of the new museums?
A．To help people sell their collections.
B．To encourage more people to collect.
C．To study the significance of collecting.
D．To find out why people visit museums.
答案：C 细节理解题。从第四段的第三句The thinkers behind the project want to explore why they collect, and what it means to do so可知答案。
11．According to the last paragraph, people may stop collecting when they ________.
A．become adults
B．feel happy with life
C．are ready for a relationship
D．feel time to be uncontrollable
答案：A 细节理解题。从最后一段的第一句话Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points: the beginning or end of adolescence—it's a grow-up thing; you stop when you grow up 可知答案。
D
(2014·辽宁卷·C篇)
Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?
UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the_opposite_is_true:_trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”．
Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌)networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.
Simard talks about “mother trees”， usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.
“We didn't take any notice of it” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.
文章大意：本文介绍了植物界的一种现象：树和树之间是相互依存的关系。母亲树会在临死前把营养传给下一代让它们继续生长。
12．The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees ________.
A．compete for survival B．protect their own wealth
C．depend on each other D．provide support for dying trees
答案：C 词义猜测题。从文中的trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it.”可知本题答案为C项。
13．“Mother trees” are extremely important because they ________.
A．look the largest in size in the forest
B．pass on nutrition to young trees
C．seem more likely to be cut down by humans
D．know more about the complex “tree societies”
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第四段的She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they my continue to grow可知本题答案为B项。
14．The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A．how “tree societies” work
B．how trees grow old
C．how forestry industry develops
D．how young trees survive
答案：A 词义猜测题。第四段说的是树的社会系统，而第五段的第一句话的意思是：我们以前没有注意到这个事情。故本题答案为A项。
15．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Old Trees Communicate Like Humans
B．Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection
C．Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think
D．Trees Contribute To Our Society
答案：C 主旨大意题。本文介绍了植物界的一种现象：树和树之间是相互依存的关系。母亲树会在临死前把营养传给下一代让它们继续生长。可知本题答案为C项。
二
A
(2014·辽宁卷·A篇)
A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops(笔记本电脑)．
Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility(清晰度)．But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.
Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.
In the first experiment, students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk, they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.
The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However, the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.
The researchers' report said, “While more notes are beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears.”
In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory, students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This time, the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.
These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.
文章大意：本文主要说的是通过实验证明了的一种事实：用手写笔记比用电脑记笔记更利于学习的理解和掌握。
1．More and more students favor laptops for note-taking because they can ________.
A．write more notes B．digest concepts better
C．get higher scores D．understand lectures better
答案：A 推理判断题。从第五段的第一句话The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand可知本题答案为A项。
2．While taking notes, laptop users tend to be ________.
A．skillful B．mindless
C．thoughtful D．tireless
答案：B 推理判断题。从第六段的While more notes are beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop可知本题答案为B项。
3．The author of the passage aims to ________.
A．examine the importance of long-term memory
B．stress the benefit of taking notes by hand
C．explain the process of taking notes
D．promote the use of laptops
答案：B 写作目的题。本题在第一段提出中心话题，最后得出了结论：手写笔记比用电脑记笔记更有利于学习。故本题答案为B项。
4．The passage is likely to appear in ________.
A．a newspaper advertisement B．a computer textbook
C．a science magazine D．a finance report
答案：C 推理判断题。本文介绍通过实验证明了一种事实：用手写笔记比用电脑记笔记更利于学习的理解和掌握。故本文可能是取自一篇科学杂志。
B
(2014·陕西卷·B篇)
When I told my father that I was moving to Des Moines, Iowa, he told me about the only time he had been there. It was in the 1930s, when he was an editor of the literary magazine of Southern Methodist University(SMU)in Dallas, Texas. He also worked as a professor at SMU, and there was a girl student in his class who suffered from a serious back disease. She couldn't afford the operation because her family was poor.
Her mother ran a boardinghouse in Galveston, a seaside town near Houston, Texas. She was cleaning out the attic(阁楼)one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript(手稿). On its top page were the words, “By O. Henry”. It was a nice story, and she sent it to her daughter at SMU, who showed it to my father. My father had never read the story before, but it sounded like O. Henry, and he knew that O. Henry had once lived in Houston. So it was possible that the famous author had gone to the beach and stayed in the Galveston boardinghouse, and had written the story there and left the manuscript behind by accident. My father visited an O. Henry expert at Columbia University in New York, who authenticated the story as O. Henry's.
My father then set out to sell it. Eventually, he found himself in Des Moines, meeting with Gardner Cowles, a top editor at the Des Moines Register. Cowles loves the story and bought it on the spot. My father took the money to the girl. It was just enough for her to have the operation she so desperately needed.
My father never told me what the O. Henry story was about. But I doubt that it could have been better than his own story.
文章大意：本文为记叙文。讲述父亲的一个学生偶然获得欧亨利的手稿，父亲几经努力帮助她卖掉，为学生筹集来动手术的费用。
5．Who found the O. Henry's manuscript?
A．The girl's mother. B．The author's father.
C．The girl. D．The author.
答案： A 细节理解题。由第二段中第二行找到答案出处“She was cleaning out the attic one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript”，可知女孩的母亲在打扫阁楼时偶然发现了这份手稿。
6．Which of the following might explain the fact that the manuscript was found in the attic?
A．O. Henry once worked in Houston.
B．O. Henry once stayed in Galveston.
C．O. Henry once moved to Des Moines.
D．O. Henry once taught at SMU.
答案：B 细节理解题。由第二段 So it was possible that the famous author had gone to the beach and stayed in the Galveston boardinghouse，可知这位作家在Galveston居住过。
7．The underlined word “authenticated” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.
A．named B．treated
C．proved D．described
答案：C 词意猜测题。根据上下文语义，可知作者父亲在大学找到欧亨利研究专家，那位专家帮父亲确认手稿是欧亨利本人的，所以答案应为prove证明。name命名；treat对待；describe描述。
8．According to the text, why did the author's father go to Des Moines?
A．To sell the O. Henry story.
B．To meet the author himself.
C．To talk with the O. Henry expert.
D．To give money to the girl.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据题目关键词可定位到文章第三段第一行My father then set out to sell it. Eventually, he found himself in Des Moines可知答案为A。
C
(2014·重庆卷·C篇)
The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid—we simply weigh too much, and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.
However, several types of animals can walk on water. One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus, a lizard (蜥蜴) native to Central and South America. It can run across water for a distance of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water's surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward. For humans to do this, we'd need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate “hitting”．
But fortunately there is an alternative: cornflour. By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot), you can create a “non-Newtonian” liquid that doesn't behave like normal water. Now, if the surface of the water is hit hard enough, particles(粒子) in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard. Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step, and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.
Fun though all this may sound, it's still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice. If you must do it, then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink—and take a shower afterward!
文章大意：本文为科技说明文。讲述了人类不能在水上行走的原因，然后向我们介绍了可以尝试的方法。
9．Walking on water hasn't become a reality mainly because humans ________.
A．are not interested in it
B．have biological limitations
C．have not invented proper tools
D．are afraid to make an attempt
答案：B 细节理解题。由Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing.可知生物的因素阻止我们实现这一事情。故B 项正确。
10．What do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage?
A．It is light enough to walk on water.
B．Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.
C．It can run across water at a certain speed.
D．Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water.
答案：C 细节理解题。由The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward.蜥蜴每秒行走20多步来保持向前移动可知C项正确。
11．What is the fun_ction of the cornflour according to the passage?
A．To create a thick liquid.
B．To turn the water into solid.
C．To help the liquid behave normally.
D．To enable the water to move rapidly.
答案：A 细节理解题。由关键词thickening agent增稠剂及make the surface hard可知A项正确。
12．What is the author's attitude toward the idea of humans' walking on water?
A．It is risky but beneficial.
B．It is interesting and worth trying.
C．It is crazy and cannot become a reality.
D．It is impractical though theoretically possible.
答案：D 观点态度题。由Fun though all this may sound, it's still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice，尽管听起来很有趣，但是会很脏，最好在理论上读一下，而不要在实践中实施。可推知D项正确。
D
(2014·辽宁卷·D篇)
Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees (雇员)and profits (利润) of over $2 million per year. He's never late to work. He does not get upset on the job. When one of his employees started crying after a customer screamed at her, Travis took her away. “Your working uniform is your shelter，” he told her. “Nothing anyone says will ever hurt you. You will always be as strong as you want to be.”
Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employee's occupation. The training has, Travis says, changed his life. G&G has taught him how to live, how to focus, how to get to work on time, and how to master his emotions (情绪). Most importantly, it taught him willpower.
At the center of that education is an extreme focus on an all-important habit: willpower. Dozens of cases show that willpower is the single most important habit for a person's success.
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. “Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control aren't working hard—but that's because they've made it automatic，” Angela Duckworth, one of the University of Pennsylvania researchers said. “Their willpower occurs without them having to think about it.”
The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train employees on self-control. Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in workers' lives. Those courses are, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.
文章大意：本文介绍了一个公司中对员工进行意志力的训练和要求。
13．We learn from Paragraph 2 that employees in G&G must ________.
A．learn to give lectures B．attend education programs
C．design a working uniform D．develop a common hobby
答案：B 细节理解题。根据文中的an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employee's occupation可知本题答案为B项。
14．Willpower will become a habit when employees can ________.
A．focus on the profits B．benefit from the job
C．protect themselves well D．control their feelings well
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第四段的Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control aren't working hard—but that's because they're made it automatic可知本题答案为D项。
15．What can we infer from the passage?
A．G&G has grown into a large company.
B．G&G will spend half its profits training employees.
C．G&G may become more successful in the future.
D．G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers.
答案：C 推理判断题。根据第五段的最后一句话Those courses are, in part... thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year 可知，这个公司注重员工意志力的培养，从一个疲软的公司成为利润很高的公司，可知，将来也会更成功。
三
A
(2014·新课标Ⅱ·A篇)
Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.
During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.
He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.
Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.
My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.
That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的丈夫在国外的一家旅馆里手提箱被盗，重要文件丢失，后来文件被一家人从垃圾箱里捡到整理好后归还给丈夫。这家人归还的不仅是文件，还有我们对人的信任。
1．What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?
A．Go shopping. B．Find a house.
C．Join his family. D．Take a vacation.
答案：B 细节考查题。由第一段可知丈夫到达悉尼后暂住在旅馆里，为我和孩子们找房子。故选B项。
2．The girl's parents got Rashid's phone number from________.
A．a friend of his family B．a Sydney policeman
C．a letter in his papers D．a stranger in Sydney
答案：C 细节考查题。由倒数第二段最后一句话At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.可知这家人是从丈夫写给朋友的信中知道他的电话号码的。故选C项。
3．What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Showed. B．Sent out.
C．Delivered. D．Gave back.
答案：D 词义考查题。由上文陌生人打电话把作者的丈夫叫去他的家中是归还丈夫的重要文件，而不是show展示，sent out发送，deliver递送，邮递，故选D项，give back归还。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．From India to Australia.
B．Living in a a New Country.
C．Turning Trash to Treasure.
D．In Search of New Friends.
答案：C 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了国外一家人在垃圾箱中捡到了丈夫的文件，并没有当作垃圾给扔掉，而是当作宝贝一样郑重地归还给我们，让我们恢复了对于陌生人的信任。C. Turning Trash to Treasure“把垃圾变成宝贝”，是串联全文的主线，所以最佳标题应选C项。
B
(2014·辽宁卷·B篇)
(Q＝Question; A＝Answer)
Situation Ⅰ
Q：If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move?
A：Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that close sitter doesn't realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance. You undoubtedly aren't the first person he's met who needs enough room. Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show.
Situation Ⅱ
Q：If I use the bathroom at a store, do I need to buy something?
A：Consider frequency and urgency. Is this a one-time or an emergency? If so, you don't have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did. However, if you regularly use the bathroom at this place, then you are a customer, and you should act like one.
Situation Ⅲ
Q：If someone is talking loudly on the bus, is there a nice way to ask him to keep it down?
A：No. Try other means：1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down. 2) Lift your finger in a silence motion(动作)and smile. 3) Put on earphones and ignore him.
Situation Ⅳ
Q：If I remember my friend's birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened?
A：This is the reason why the word belated was invented. “Happy belated birthday！” is short for: “Well, I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday.”
Situation Ⅴ
Q：Can I lie about seeing a text because I was too busy or lazy to respond(回复) to it?
A：Don't lie. Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond to it. Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve? “Yes，” you can say if ever asked, “I saw it.” No explanation is needed as to why you don't respond.
文章大意：本文介绍了在五种情况下应该怎样做才是有礼貌的行为。
5．You will get annoyed in a theater when ________.
A．a person is too active B．a person is too rude to you
C．a person talks too loudly D．a person sits too close to you
答案：D 细节理解题。从Situation I 中的Chances are that the close sitter doesn't realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance可知本题答案为D项。
6．How will you quiet someone down in a public place?
A．By making fun of him continuously.
B．By looking purposefully at him.
C．By talking to him directly.
D．By pointing angrily at him.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据Situation III中的Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down可知本题答案为B项。
7．The underlined word “belated” in Situation IV probably means ________.
A．predicted B．returned
C．cancelled D．delayed
答案：D 词义猜测题。根据Situation IV中的If I remember my friend's birthday a day late 以及Happy belated birthday可知此处词意为：延误的。
8．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Modern ways to mind your manners.
B．Different ways to change others' manners.
C．Proper manners to offer help to others.
D．Good manners to talk to people.
答案：A 主旨大意题。本文介绍了在五种情况下应该怎样做才是有礼貌的行为。故选A项。
C
(2014·新课标Ⅰ·C篇)
A typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭) and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it's mostly for show. In reality, it's the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.
How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?
This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.
It doesn't have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become... take immediate action. If you're clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.
文章大意：本文通过驯兽时，狮子在面对椅子的四条腿时，不知道该作何选择，联系到我们。我们事实上跟狮子一样，在面对多种选择时会困惑，而此时最好的选择就是迅速作出决定。
9．Why does the lion tamer use a chair?
A．To trick the lion. B．To show off his skills.
C．To get ready for a fight. D．To entertain the audience.
答案：A 细节理解题。由文章第一段信息 In reality，it is the chair that does the important work.以及本段后面的介绍可知，是椅子在训狮中起关键作用，故A项正确。
10．In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?
A．They feel puzzled over choices.
B．They hold on to the wrong things.
C．They find it hard to make changes.
D．They have to do something for show.
答案：A 推理判断题。由文章第一段最后几句话 With its focus divided，the lion becomes confused and is unsure what to do next...以及第二段第一句话How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion？可知，人经常跟狮子一样碰到同样的情形，即：在面对多个选择的时候很困惑，不知该作何选择， 故A项正确。
11．What is the author's attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．Tolerant. B．Doubtful.
C．Respectful D．Supportive.
答案：B 推理判断题。第三段的几个信息upsets me to no end，left confused等等可推知，虽然专家在忙着辩论那个选择最好，但是我们一直很困惑，由此可推知：作者对专家持怀疑态度，故B项正确。
12．When the world is “waving a chair in your face”， you're advised to ________.
A．wait for a better chance B．break your old habits
C．make a quick decision D．ask for clear guidance
答案：C 细节理解题。由文章最后一段信息Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face，remember this：All you need to do is focus on one thing，即：迅速作出决定该干什么，故C项正确。
D
(2014·新课标Ⅱ·C篇)
One of the latest trends(趋势) in American childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, Conn, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4,000 since 2004. And that's true all across the country.
“I thought it would be very useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of a company, says of his 2-year old son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future.” After only six months of being cared for by a 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.
Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China. She didn't want her children to miss out on their roots.“Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture.” she says.
“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom，” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of children.“ But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”
The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了随着美国学汉语潮流的增长，美国家长们为了帮助孩子学汉语，对于中国看护的需求也越来越大。
13．What does the term“ au pair” in the text mean?
A．A mother raising her children on her own.
B．A child learning a foreign language at home.
C．A professor in language education of children.
D．A young foreign woman taking care of children.
答案：D 词义猜测题。由第二段中After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.由来自中国的25岁女孩照看了六个月后，孩子已经理解了汉语基本日常用语。可知au pairs 是指照顾孩子的年轻外国女人。故选D项。
14．Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ________.
A．to live in China some day
B．to speak the language at home
C．to catch up with other children
D．to learn about the Chinese culture
答案：D 细节理解题。由第三段第三句话“Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture.” she says.可知是想要孩子们接触中国的语言文化。故选D项。
15．What can we infer from the text?
A．Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America.
B．Educated women do better in looking after children.
C．Chinese au pairs need to improve their English skills.
D．Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.
答案：A 推理判断题。由最后一段The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children learn Chinese. 由中国看护的受欢迎可以推断出中国语言文化的受欢迎。故选A项。
四
A
(2014·安徽卷·A篇)
Personal Robot
Make your parents and teachers happy!
Are you having problems finishing your homework on time? Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you? You don't need to worry if you buy a Mr. Helping Hand personal robot. Mr. H can be programmed to organize your homework. Your own personal robot will follow you around, putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed.
Mr. H also has these features (特点)：
weighs only 500 grams
includes long-lasting batteries
comes with a 5-year guarantee
remembers simple instructions
Originally (最初)sold for $499
Now ONLY $299
WATCH CONTROL
This is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear!
This is NOT a watch for ordinary people!
Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL
·acts as a remote control for TVs and videos.
·gives you a daily weather forecast.
·reminds you when to hand in your homework.
·sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near.
Besides, your PENGO WATCH CONTROL will always tell you the time accurately!
Originally sold for $ 199
NOW ONLY $ 99
For further information, click here.
文章大意：本文是针对青少年的两则网页广告：机器人广告和手表控制器广告。
1．With help from a Mr. H, you can ________.
A．stop using batteries
B．finish your homework on time
C．remember your teacher's instructions
D．get your room tidied on your way home
答案：B 细节理解题。从第一则广告中的首句Are you having problems finishing your homework on time？可知答案。
2．A PENGO WATCH CONTROL can help you to ________.
A．repair your TV
B．organize your homework
C．be a James Bond
D．know what the weather is like
答案：D 细节理解题。从第二则广告中的gives you a daily weather forecast可知答案。
3．You can get your Mr. H for ________.
A．$ 499 B．$ 299
C．$ 199 D．$ 99
答案：B 细节理解题。从第一则广告中的Now only $299可知答案。
4．Where would you be most likely to find the two texts?
A．On a notice board. B．In a company brochure.
C．On a teenage website. D．In a college newspaper.
答案：C 推理判断题。根据第二则广告的最后一句“For further information, click here.”(欲知更多信息，点击这里。)可知，此则广告是刊登在网站上的。
B
(2014·北京卷·B篇)
The Brown Bear
My wife Laura and I were on the beach, with three of our children, taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we spotted a bear. The bear was thin and small, moving aimlessly.
Just a few minutes later, I heard my daughter shouting, “Dad! The bear is right behind us！” An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute. This one was silent and its ears pinned back—the sign (迹象) of an animal that is going in for the kill. And it was a cold April day. The bear behaved abnormally, probably because of hunger.
I held my camera tripod (三脚架) in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me. Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders, and the tripod stuck across its mouth. It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight. I knew I would not be able to hold it for long.
Even so, this was a fight I had to win: I was all that stood between the bear and my family, who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear.
The bear hit at the camera, cutting it off the tripod. I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side. My arm could not move, and I sensed that my bones were going to break.
Drawing back my free hand, I struck the bear as hard as I could for five to six times. The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur, trying to push it away. I was actually wrestling (扭打) with the bear at this point. Then, as suddenly as it had begun, the fight ended. The bear moved back toward the forest, before returning for another attack—the first time I felt panic.
Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went. My arm was injured, but the outcome for us could hardly have been better. I'm proud that my family remained clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在与家人在海滩玩耍的时候偶遇一只棕熊，为了家人的安全，作者与棕熊展开了搏斗。
5．The brown bear approached the family in order to ________.
A．catch shore birds
B．start an attack
C．protect the children
D．set up a barrier for itself
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy...及下文中提到的我与棕熊搏斗的场景可知，棕熊走近作者一家是为了发动袭击。
6．The bear finally went away after it ________.
A．felt safe
B．got injured
C．found some food
D．took away the camera
答案：A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off.可知，发现我们对它并没有构成进一步的威胁，所以它走了。
7．The writer and his family survived mainly due to their ________.
A．pride B．patience
C．calmness D．cautiousness
答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知，面对棕熊的袭击，我的家人头脑一直很清醒，而没有因为恐惧而导致不同的后果。由此，作者和家人的幸存主要得益于他们的冷静。
C
(2014·福建卷·D篇)
Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money. Strange as it may seem, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires—not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you don't have enough tastes.
Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life. Most people are already swamped(淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They_live_in_too_big_a_house_with_too_many_rooms,_yet_their_house_of_life_is_a_hut.
Your house of life ought to be a mansion (豪宅), a royal palace. Every new taste, every additional interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a room. Here are several rooms your house of life should have.
Art should be a desire for you to develop simply because the world is full of beautiful things. If you only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them, they would make you as happy as to find plenty of ham and eggs when you're hungry.
Literature, classic literature, is a beautiful, richly furnished room where you might find many an hour of rest and refreshment. To gain that love would go toward making you a rich person, for a rich person is not someone who has a library but who likes a library.
Music like Mozart's and Bach's shouldn't be absent. Real riches are of the spirit. And when you've brought that spirit up to where classical music feeds it and makes you a little drunk, you have increased your thrills and bettered them. And life is a matter of thrills.
Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life. No matter who you are, you would be more human, and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days, if you could, and did, play a bit.
Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.
文章大意：什么是真正的幸福和富有？不是更多的金钱和物质，精神的富有才会真正使你幸福。真正的幸福不是住在一个多么大的房子里。人生的大房子应该是由艺术、文学、音乐、体育等各个“房间”组成的。
8．The author intends to tell us that________.
A．true happiness lies in achieving wealth by fair means
B．big houses are people's most valued possessions
C．big houses can in a sense bring richness of life
D．true happiness comes from spiritual riches
答案：D 推理判断题。本文的主旨就是说明真正的幸福是精神的富足，财富、大房子等物质的拥有并不能带来真正的幸福和富足。
9．The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that________.
A．however materially rich, they never seem to be satisfied
B．however materially rich, they remain spiritually poor
C．though their house is big, they prefer a simple life
D．though their house is big, it seems to be a cage
答案：B 细节理解题。该句的字面意思是“他们住在一所拥有超多房间的超大房子里，然而他们的生命房间却是一间陋舍。”，结合本文主旨大意，可知此处应是想说尽管他们物质富有，但却精神贫瘠，故B项正确。
10．It can be learned from the passage that ________.
A．more money brings more happiness
B．art is needed to make your house beautiful
C．literature can enrich your spiritual life
D．sports contribute mainly to your physical fitness
答案：C 推理判断题。A项意为“更多的金钱可以带来更多的幸福”，明显与文章主题不符；艺术(art)是使人精神生活充实，而非使房子更漂亮，排除B项；运动(sports)在生活当中意义丰富，而非仅仅使你身体健康，排除D项。只有C项“文学可以丰富你的精神生活”符合本文的观点。
11．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．House of Life B．Secret of Wealth
C．Rest and Refreshment D．Interest and Enthusiasm
答案：A 主旨大意题。本文的主要意思就是说明物质上的大房间并不是真正的富足，而是拥有艺术、文学、音乐、体育等“房间”的生命的房间(house of life)才是真正的富有，才能够给你带来更多的幸福。
D
(2014·新课标Ⅰ·D篇)
As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000－7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)．
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.
Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that_tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.
At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.
Now, through the two organizations that he has founded—the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.
文章大意：根据联合国教科文组织的调查结果，现在许多语言面临即将灭绝的境地。为了避免这些语言灭绝，来自许多组织的学者作出了很多努力。本文重点介绍Mark Turin在这方面的努力。
12．Many scholars are making efforts to ________.
A．promote global languages
B．rescue disappearing languages
C．search for language communities
D．set up language research organizations
答案：B 细节理解题。由文章第二段信息 In an effort to prevent language loss，scholars...可知，学者们努力防止语言流逝，故B项正确。
13．What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Having full records of the languages.
B．Writing books on language teaching.
C．Telling stories about language users.
D．Living with the native speakers.
答案：A 词意猜测题。由文章第二段信息．..have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect可知，that tradition指的是记录一些语言，故A项正确。
14．What is Turin's book based on?
A．The cultural studies in India.
B．The documents available at Yale.
C．His language research in Bhutan.
D．His personal experience in Nepal.
答案：D 细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一句话．..grows out of his experience living，working and raising a family in a village in Nepal可知，他的书是基于自己的亲身经历，故D项正确。
15．Which of the following best describes Turin's work?
A．Write, sell and donate.
B．Record, repair and reward.
C．Collect, protect and reconnect.
D．Design, experiment and report.
答案：C 细节理解题。由文章最后一段可知，Turin的主要工作包括收集材料(collect)，保护(save)和重新联系(reconnect)一些濒临灭绝的语言，故C项正确。
五
A
(2014·湖北卷·A篇)
Before I had my son, I spent two years working with children with disabilities. I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster. Coming up against their behaviour could only make the job harder and their behaviour more extreme. I found something that worked, though.
There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge of him. One day the boy joined a session in the room next to mine. His appearance created an atmosphere of tension. He spent the entire session running around, hitting and kicking, and destroying property.
I was in the craft room working with some other children when my co-worker told me that this boy's teacher was in tears, and could not get control of the situation. As we were talking, the boy ran in. I told my co-worker that I would take care of him.
I closed the door. He was full of energy, throwing things around and making a huge mess. But I could see that he was doing all these to annoy me. He needed connection, and this was the only way he knew how to ask for it. So I sat back down and kept quiet. Then he slowed down and began making a rocket. I talked to him about it. We continued like this for a few minutes before I slipped into the conversation：
“So what happened today？”
It was purely a question, no blame or anger in my tone. I believe that if I had criticized him, the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed. He told me that the teacher didn't let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked. He also admitted that he had enjoyed making her run around and saw it as a game. I explained that his teacher had not seen it as a game and was very upset. This again was stated simply as a fact. I suggested that next time he had a session, he talk about what he hoped to do at the start, which might be easier for everyone. He agreed and was quiet for a moment. Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize.
文章大意：本文为一篇夹叙夹议的文章，作者通过亲身经历了解到惩罚孩子，违背孩子的意愿只能使事情更糟；敞开心扉耐心跟孩子交谈能起到意想不到的效果。
1．The boy made trouble for his teacher because he ________.
A．was accused of destroying property
B．was told not to yell at other children
C．was made to do things against his will
D．was blamed for creating an air of tension
答案：C 细节理解题。由文章最后一段信息 He told me that the teacher didn't let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked. 可知，男孩的老师出于安全考虑，不让他干他喜欢的事情，而是让他干他不喜欢的的事，即：违背他的意愿，故C项正确。
2．Why didn't the author do anything about the boy's bad behavior at first?
A．She didn't want to make it worse.
B．She didn't mind the huge mess at all.
C．She was tired of shouting and threats.
D．She hadn't thought of a coping strategy.
答案：A 推理判断题。由文章内容可知，作者一直在观察，特别是文章开头提到Coming up against their behaviour could only make the job harder and their behaviour more extreme.与他们的行为对抗只能使事情更糟，到了最后一点提到I believe that if I had criticized him, the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed.，由此可知，如果我批评了他的话，男孩慢慢敞开的心扉可能就会坚定地关闭，这只能会使事情更糟，故A项正确。
3．The author managed to get the boy to talk to her by ________.
A．playing games with him
B．giving him a good suggestion
C．describing his teacher's feelings
D．avoiding making critical remarks
答案：D 细节理解题。由文章最后一段信息It was purely a question, no blame or anger in my tone. I believe that if I had criticized him, the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed.由此可知，我只是问了个问题，没有批评和生气的语气。如果我批评了他的话，男孩慢慢敞开的心扉可能就会坚定地关闭，这只能会使事情更糟；再由后面的内容可知，男孩跟我谈了很多，最后要求去向老师道歉，由此可知，作者没有批评或者责备，所以男孩就跟他讲话了，故D项正确。
4．Why did the boy have tears in his eyes in the end?
A．He was sorry about his reputation.
B．He was regretful about his behavior.
C．He was fearful of the author's warning.
D．He was sad for the author's misunderstanding.
答案：B 细节理解题。由文章最后一句话Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize. 可知，男孩男孩眼里含着泪，要求去找老师道歉，由此可知，男孩为自己的行为感到后悔，故B项正确。
B
(2014·四川卷，C篇)
A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.
Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm's heart by stamping(踩)on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.
Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.
However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her father's chest instead.
Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions(按压) until the ambulance arrived.
Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said: “I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”
“She's a little star，” said Debbie. “I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can't believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got to see an expert.”
Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.
He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.
文章大意：本文为一篇新闻报道，报道一个9岁的女孩Izzy看到父亲因为过敏反应心脏停止跳动后，利用平常学习的心脏复苏术使父亲心脏重新跳动的故事。
5．Izzy kicked her father in the chest ________.
A．to express her helplessness
B．to practise CPR on him
C．to keep him awake
D．to restart his heart
答案：D 推理判断题。由文章第一段信息．..after he suffered a serious allergic reaction which stopped his heart可知，过敏反应已经让她父亲心脏停止跳动；再由下一段信息 restarted father Colm's heart by stamping...可知，她踢父亲胸部的目的是让父亲的心脏重新跳动起来，故D项正确。
6．What's the right order of the events?
A．③①②④ B．④②③①
C．③④②① D．④③①②
答案：C 排序题。由文章内容可知，Izzy的妈妈教她心脏复苏术(CPR)，当看到父亲心脏停止跳动后，她妈妈打了999急救电话，因为医生要过一会儿才能到，所以Izzy决定替父亲以使他的心脏恢复跳动，故C项正确。
7．What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?
A．What Colm suffered.
B．Colm's present condition.
C．What caused Colm's allergy.
D．Symptoms of Colm's allergic reaction.
答案：A 主旨大意题。由该段内容可知，本段主要介绍Izzy的父亲Colm在周末患过敏反应而发生的一系列事情，最后一段的his suffering也给了很好的提示。故A项正确。
8．Why does the author write the news?
A．To describe a serious accident.
B．To prove the importance of CPR.
C．To report a 9-year-old girl's brave act.
D．To call people's attention to allergic reaction.
答案：C 推理判断题。由文章内容可知，这是一篇新闻报道，报道一个9岁的女孩Izzy看到父亲因为过敏反应心脏停止跳动后，利用平常学习的心脏复苏术使父亲心脏重新跳动的故事，故C项正确。
C
(2014·福建卷·C篇)
BLOOD DRIVE & MARROW(骨髓)REGISTRATION
“These patients deserve a chance at a normal, happy future and they rely on the kindness of the strangers to make that happen.”
—Daisy, Isabelle's Mother
Isabelle is the daughter of Daisy and Saman Mirzaei. In January 2008 Isabelle was diagnosed(诊断)with a genetic blood disorder，beta thalassemia. Isabelle's body is unable to produce healthy red blood cells. As a result, Isabelle has been receiving blood transfusions (输血) every 4-6 weeks since she was 11 months old. A lifetime of regular transfusions can lead to serious medical problems. Her only chance at a normal, healthy life is to have a marrow transplant. Isabelle is an only child, so doctors have started a search for an unrelated marrow donor through the Be The Match Registry. The Mirzaei family asks that you consider helping patients like Isabelle by registering to be a marrow donor and give the gift of life, the gift of blood.
Held at Wiley Hall
Wednesday, March 26, 2014
Behind Heathman Dormitory/Butterfield Rd.
12?00 PM-6?00 PM
Don't forget to bring your driver's license or another form
of identification when you donate.
Visit www.ribc.org to make an appointment, Sponsor Code 3390.
FREE Kingston Pizza ! ！ !
Marrow Donors：
·be 18 to 44 years old
·in good health
·give a swab(化验标本)of your cheek cells for marrow typing
·FREE-sponsored(赞助)by Michael's Fund
www. ribe. org 800-283-8385
The Rhode Island Blood Center distributes blood products to hospitals in Rhode Island and Southern New England.
文章大意：本文是一篇公益海报，目的是为一位患贫血症的小女孩征集骨髓配型的志愿者。
9．We can learn from the passage that________.
A．the blood drive is organized by Isabelle's mother
B．Isabelle receives blood transfusions regularly
C．Isabelle has been ill for 11 months
D．doctors will sponsor Isabelle's family
答案：B 细节理解题。由句子“As a result, Isabelle has been receiving blood transfusions every 4-6 weeks since she was 11 months old”可知Isabelle从11个月大开始就要每4至6周进行一次输血。
10．To be a marrow donor, you must________.
A．be a relative of the patient B．carry a driver's license
C．be at least 18 years old D．apply to Michael's Fund
答案：C 细节理解题。文中小框当中的第一条就说明了对骨髓捐献者的年龄要求。
11．Those who want to help patients like Isabelle can ______.
A．come to Wiley Hall every Wednesday
B．visit www. ribc. org for an appointment
C．contact their parents at 800-283-8385
D．call at hospitals in Rhode Island
答案：B 细节理解题。由句子“Visit www.ribc.org to make an appointment”可知。
D
(2014·大纲全国卷·E篇)
Which boy hasn't dreamed of being a cool secret agent(特工)? The wonderful fighting abilities and the world-saving adventures are much more colourful than most people's everyday lives. Well, Cody Banks is just like any other boy, except that he is not just dreaming. He has a big secret his friends never know about. He was trained to be a spy(间谍)by a special CIA programme, which was made to look like a summer camp. He learned high-speed driving, hand-to-hand fighting and the use of high-tech tools.
After proving he could become a young hero by saving a baby from a runaway car, Banks gets his first real task. He must make friends with a popular girl at school, Natalie Connors. Then, he must spy on her father, a scientist who has developed a dangerous technology(技术). Banks must stop a group of bad people from forcing Natalie's father into using the technology to endanger the world.
The CIA may have taught him first-class self-defence moves, but they didn't show him how to talk to girls. Banks has zero ability when it comes to dealing with girls. How can he get around his problem and get an invitation to the girl's upcoming birthday party? Will he finally become Natalie's boyfriend and find out whatever he can about her father's work?
Agent Cody Banks has everything that young people are interested in; big explosions, breath-taking performances and funny girl-dating experiences. It was listed No.2 in the American box office last week.
“This story is interesting and fun for the whole family to enjoy, and especially cool for young boys.” said Paul Perkins, a film reviewer in the US.
文章大意：你梦想成为一名特工吗？你想跟一个漂亮女孩交朋友，然后去监视她的父亲吗？想感受其中的刺激那就来看电影Agent Cody Banks吧！
12．What is Banks' first real task?
A．To test a high-tech tool.
B．To save a baby from a car.
C．To study a new technology.
D．To watch a scientist secretly.
答案：D 细节理解题。由文章第二段信息 He must make friends with a popular girl at school...then，spy on her father，a scientist who has developed a dangerous technology可知，Banks的真正的任务是秘密监视一位科学家，也就是那个女孩的父亲，故D项正确。
13．Banks wanted to go to Natalie's birthday party to ________.
A．meet her father
B．know more people
C．make friends with her
D．steal some information
答案：C 推理判断题。第二段提到Banks得跟那位女孩交朋友，他的终极目的就是监视她的父亲；在第三段又提到How can he get round the problem and get an invitation to the girl's upcoming birthday party，由此可知，Banks想去女孩的生日宴会的目的是跟她交朋友，故C项正确。
14．What is considered as a great danger in the text?
A．The technology developed by Natalie's father.
B．An explosion set off by some bad people.
C．The CIA's training of boys for its tasks.
D．Secret agents' spying on scientists.
答案：A 细节理解题。由文章信息Then，he must spy on her father，a scientist who has developed a dangerous technology可知，在文章中被视为危险的东西的是女孩父亲的科技，故A项正确。
15．What is the purpose of the text?
A．Making known the work of the CIA.
B．Telling the story about a cool boy.
C．Showing the dark side of science.
D．Introducing a new film.
答案：D 推理判断题。由文章最后一段的关键信息This story is interesting and fun for the whole family to enjoy, especially cool for the young boys，特别是最后的a film reviewer更是给了很好的提示，显然，文章在向大家介绍一部电影。
六
A
(2014·陕西卷·A篇)
Our warming planet is expected to face serious water crises(危机)in the coming decades—which means each nation's natural resources will be more important than ever.
Percent of total land area covered by forests(2011)
WORLD AVERAGE
30.88
TOP 5 AVERAGE
90.15
Freshwater resources, cubic kilometers per year(2011)
WORLD AVERAGE
241
TOP 5 AVERAGE
3,642
Freshwater resources, cubic kilometers per person(2011)
WORLD AVERAGE
6,122
TOP 5 AVERAGE
244, 973
1.SURINAME
94.58
REST OF TOP 5
2．Micronesia 91.66
3．Seychelles 88.48
4．Samoa 88.40
5．Palau 87.61
123. CHINA
22.47
1.BRAZIL
5,418
REST OF TOP 5
2．Russian Federation
4,313
3．Canada 2,850
4．United States 2,818
5．CHINA
2,813
1.ICELAND
532,891
REST OF TOP 5
2. Guyana 304,723
3. Suriname 166,112
4. Papua New Guinea
114,216
5. Bhutan 106,923
102. CHINA
2,092
文章大意：本文为说明文。讲述地球将会在未来几十年面对严重的水短缺的危机，并分析了水的分布及使用情况。
1．According to the statistics, what is the world average of freshwater resources per person?
A．244,973 cubic meters B．241 cubic kilometers
C．3,642 cubic kilometers D．6,122 cubic meters
答案：D 细节理解题。由第三幅图water per person可知答案在第三栏中的world average。
2．Which country or region has the most freshwater resource per year?
A．Guyana. B．Brazil.
C．Iceland. D．China.
答案： B 细节理解题。由关键词fresh water per year 可知答案在第二栏。
3．Which country or region appears twice on the Top 5 lists?
A．Bhutan. B．Seychelles.
C．Canada. D．Suriname.
答案：D 细节理解题。由关键词top 5 lists 可找到Suriname出现了两次。故D项正确。
B
(2014·安徽卷·B篇)
Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says. Beehives (蜂窝) —either recorded or real —may even prevent elephants from damaging farmers' crops.
In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them. Today, Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops. But before she asked farmers to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.
Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in the课件15张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题三阅读理解第四讲 词义猜测题 专题三
1.设题角度
(1)对文中陌生词汇直接理解；(2)对文中代词、多义词或短语确定指代对象或含义；(3)对文中表达、格言等进行解释性描述
2．设问方式
(1)The word “... ”in the context means ________.
(2)The word “... ”could be best replaced by ________.
(3)Which of the following is nearest in meaning to ________？
(4)From the context, we can infer that the word “...” means ________.
(5)By saying “... ”，the author means ________.
(6)The passage used the word“...” to refer to ________.
3．解题思路
(1)据定义信息，猜词义。如果生词由定语从句、同位语(同位语前常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say等)或同位语从句来定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容和引号中的内容加以解释，那么理解这些定义或解释就是在理解词义。
(2)据逻辑关系，猜词义。在一个句子或段落中如有对两个事物或现象的对比性描述，我们可以从生词的对立面猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词或短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast等。表示对比关系的句子有：while引导的并列句。表示比较关系的词或短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as等。
(3)据构词法，猜词义。生词的前缀、后缀、复合词的各部分、词性的变化都可以暗示出词义。
(4)特别提醒：
①不管这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意思
②不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特定语境中的意思
【例】 (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)
...The CRF's produce is “green”， made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series—with Sichuan pepper, red bean (豆) cheese and other flavors—also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate_snobs，who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela, and Ghana, among others.
The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who ________.
A．are particular about chocolate
B．know little about cocoa beans
C．look down upon others
D．like to try new flavors
答案：Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.
What does the underlined phrase“ that over-consumption” refer to?
A．Using too much packaging.
B．Recycling too many wastes.
C．Making more products than necessary.
D．Having more material than is needed.
答案：D 利用定义法猜测词义。上句“However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need.”表明，当我们被迫去回收再利用时，常常意味着我们消耗的量已经超过了我们的需求，那么我们需要回收再利用的正是我们过度消耗的。that over-consumption指的就是上文的“we already have more material than we need”，that是个重要的信号词，所以选D项。课件126张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题三阅读理解阅读理解测试考生的英语阅读能力，要求考生能够读懂书、报、杂志、网络中的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：1.理解主旨和要义；2.理解文中具体信息；3.根据上下文推断生词的词义；4.通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示做出判断和推理；5.理解文章的基本结构；6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度。从近几年新课标各省市的高考试题来看，阅读理解考查的词汇量有所增加，更加注重考查考生根据语境进行推理判断的能力。
阅读理解的考查特点具体体现在以下几个方面：
1.体裁丰富，题材广泛
高考阅读理解的体裁涉及记叙文、夹叙夹议文、说明文、应用文和议论文；内容涉及社会、文化、经济、科普、新闻和广告等多种题材，尤其是国内外的新科技、新发明，时代感强，特别关注当今的热点话题。
2.阅读量、信息量大
考查阅读能力的一个重要方面是阅读速度，较大的阅读量、信息量对考生的阅读技能是一种有效的检测方法。 近几年高考试题都保持了较大的词汇量，所涉及的内容广泛而深刻，对于词汇能力的考查也继续保持了较高的要求，为考生提供了施展阅读才能的机会和开阔的思维空间。
3.语篇结构复杂
阅读材料基本保留了其原有的语言风格，语篇结构也有一定难度。作者在阐述问题时都使用多种技巧和修辞方法，文章的展开不全是平铺直叙，而是间有倒叙、插叙等多种方式。行文的跳跃程度较大，陈述次序富于变化，隐含信息较多，再加上阅读材料的文化含量加大，文章的遣词造句趋于地道，因此，许多文段读起来感到“生涩”，有时读懂了文字，但不一定能够立刻领悟语篇的意思，常常要反复阅读几次才能读懂。
4.语言难度较大
具体表现在语句的长度、措辞的灵活性、一定量的生词量以及替代和省略手法的运用上。
简单句、复合句、虚拟语气、结构复杂的长句、倒装句、省略句以及插入语等语言现象随处可见，而且多种时态混用。词汇运用要求更高，活用词比比皆是，一词多义、熟词生义现象更是频繁出现。
5.题型设置合理
设题手法更加灵活，设题方式呈多样化的趋势。题干及选项设置科学严谨、简洁精练，信息定位具体，考点分布均匀，语言表达简洁、准确。不仅考查对文中的特定信息的理解把握，又涉及文章的主旨要义、作者的态度意图等深层理解题，更加注重考查学生的综合分析和概括能力。题型以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，主旨大意题一般每年2个左右，词义猜测题一般每年不超过1个。
1．快速浏览，掌握大意
快速浏览，抓住文章中心大意以及文章的结构。浏览时不要急于做题，而要注意抓住主要信息，迅速把握文章大意和中心思想，了解文章全貌。同时通览题目，研究题目要求及选项，弄清问题所指。有的问题是针对文章中的一句话设计的，有的是针对一段话所陈述的事实设计的，有的是针对整篇文章设计的。对所提问题做到心中有数，为下一步阅读作好针对性的准备。2.细读全文，找准信息
抓住文章大意、明确解题的目标后，带着问题仔细阅读文章。敏锐捕捉隐含在文中的有关信息词和信息句，推敲其中的关键词语，结合上下文把握语句的含义，排除文中不存在、片面或不合逻辑的选项，作出正确选择。做题时要本着先易后难的原则，对于比较明显的，有把握的题可立刻作出选择；对于难题，要在文章中仔细查阅，认真琢磨，找出确凿的依据，运用逻辑推理，准确选出符合要求的最佳答案。
3.复读检查，验证答案
答案选出之后，快速阅读原文，重点放在与题目有关的词语、句子和段落上，核查答案，力求答案准确无误。尤其是感觉把握不大、选择时有些困难的题目，要对照原文与选项，看看是否一致、是否合乎情理、合乎逻辑。
一、掌握阅读方法
俗话说得好：”得阅读者得高考”，由此可以看出阅读理解在高考中的地位。无论是从难度上讲，还是从分数所占的比重上讲，阅读理解都是首先应该受到考生重视的。掌握好的阅读技巧可以帮助考生事半功倍，提高做题速度和准确率。下面介绍几种常见的阅读方法。
1.顺序法
即先看文章，然后看试题，最后再回到文章中查找相关信息。该方法适用于做题时间充足、文章篇幅较长、需要获取的信息较多或需对全篇进行整体理解的场合。阅读时一般采取快速阅读法，注意关键词句和段落，找准主线，掌握大意，并能记住主要细节的分布点。例如：
【例1】
Tim Richter and his wife, Linda, had taught for over 30 years near Buffalo, New York—he in computers, she in special education. “Teaching means everything to us，” Tim would say. In April 1998, he learned he would need a heart operation. It was the kind of news that leads to some serious thinking about life's purpose.
Not long after the surgery, Tim saw a brochure describing Imagination Library, a program started by Dolly Parton's foundation (基金会) that mailed a book every month to children from birth to age five in the singer's home town of Sevier, Tennessee. “I thought, maybe Linda and I could do something like this when we retire，” Tim recalls. He placed the brochure on his desk，“ as a reminder”．Five years later, now retired and with that brochure still on the desk, Tim clicked on imaginationlibrary, com. The program had been opened up to partners who could take advantage of book and postage discounts.
The quality of the books was of great concern to the Richters. Rather than sign up online, they went to Dollywood for a look-see. “We didn't want to give the children rubbish，” says Linda. The books—reviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists, and Dollywood board members—included classics such as Ezra Jack Keats's The Snowy Day and newer books like Anna Dewdney's Llama Llama series.
Satisfied, the couple set up the Richter Family Foundation and got to work. Since 2004, they have shipped more than 12,200 books to preschoolers in their area. Megan Williams, a mother of four, is more than appreciative：“ This program introduces us to books I've never heard of.”
The Richters spend about $ 400 a month sending books to 200 children. “Some people sit there and wait to die, ” says Tim. “Others get as busy as they can in the time they have left.”
61．What led Tim to think seriously about the meaning of life?
A．His health problem.
B．His love for teaching.
C．The influence of his wife.
D．The news from the Web.
62.What did Tim want to do after learning about Imagination Library?
A．Give out brochures.
B．Do something similar.
C．Write books for children.
D．Retire from being a teacher.
63．According to the text, Dolly Parton is ________.
A．a well-known surgeon
B．a mother of a four-year-old
C．a singer born in Tennessee
D．a computer programmer
64．Why did the Richters go to Dollywood?
A．To avoid signing up online.
B．To meet Dollywood board members.
C．To make sure the books were the newest.
D．To see if the books were of good quality.
65．What can we learn from Tim's words in the last paragraph?
A．He needs more money to help the children.
B．He wonders why some people are so busy.
C．He tries to save those waiting to die.
D．He considers his efforts worthwhile.
解题导语： 通读文章可知，本文以时间为顺序，叙述了Richter夫妇创办基金会的前前后后。时间是本文的主线，阅读时，我们要理清这根主线。表示时间的信息词主要有In April 1998，Not long after the surgery，Five years later，Since 2004等。在每一个时间点都发生了不同的事，所以我们在阅读时，要记住在某个时间点附近发生了什么事，然后再看题干信息，在文中寻找具体的信息点。
第一个时间是In April 1998，这时候Tim需要做一次心脏手术，这件事使他慎重思考生活的目的；第二个时间是Not long after the surgery，看到由Dolly Parton的基金会发起的项目Imagination Library所做的事，他开始思考退休后做同类的事；第三个时间是Five years later，Tim退休了，开始筹备自己要做的项目，紧接着介绍了其业务；第四个时间是Since 2004，他们取得了好的成果。解析：61.事实细节题。题干信息是：什么导致Tim慎重思考生命的意义？这要在文章开头部分寻找，找到时间In April 1998，由后面的叙述可知，是他的身体健康问题——心脏病，才使他认真思考生命的意义。故选A。
62．事实细节题。题干信息是：了解了Imagination Library，Tim想做什么？这个信息在第二个时间附近，即第二段，本段告诉我们，在Tim做完手术不久，他了解到Imagination Library的一些信息后说“maybe Linda and I could do something like this when we retire”，也就是B项所说的Do something similar。故选B。
63．推理判断题。题干信息是：根据文章可知Dolly Parton是个……？信息点也在第二段，我们找到这个名字后，在名字周围寻找细节信息。从第二段中的“by Dolly Parton's foundation (基金会) that mailed a book every month to children from birth to age five in the singer's home town of Sevier, Tennessee.”可以看出：他是出生在田纳西州的一名歌手。故选C。
64．事实细节题。题干信息是：为什么Richter夫妇去Dollywood？先锁定地点名词Dollywood所在的位置，此时如果不知道此词的意思也没关系，因为它是地点名词，不影响做题。此词出现在第四段，本段解释了Richter夫妇去Dollywood的原因：The quality of the books was of great concern to the Richters. 下文Linda说的话“We didn't want to give the children rubbish”也可以说明这一点：看看书的质量好不好。故选D。
65．推理判断题。题干信息是：通过最后一段中Tim说的话我们能学到什么？首先我们要找到对应的Tim说的话，他说：“一些人坐在那里等死，另一些人利用剩下的时光使自己尽可能地忙起来。”可见他认为，人不应该无所事事地等待死神的到来，而应该利用好剩下的时间，使自己忙碌起来，对社会做出应有的贡献，他正是这样做的。由此可以看出，四个选项中D项(他认为自己的努力很值得)最能表达这个意思。故选D。
2.逆向法
即先看题，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对相关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、辨别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，从而选出正确答案。该方法具有较大的针对性和准确性，适用于下列场合：时间较紧，文章篇幅不长，需要获取的信息不多，试题与文章联系密切，不太需要做深层次理解。特别适用于广告信息类的阅读理解，尤其是图表式的广告。采用该方法还有一个明显的优点，即许多文章中难以理解的词、句、段等往往在试题中有简洁、明了的阐述。如：【例2】 HOW TO BOOK
By phone：
Call Ticketmaster 24 hr Booking Line on 0844 847 2484
Online：
www. PalaceandOperaHouse. org. uk or www. ticketmaster. co.uk
In Person：
The Palace Theatre Ticket Centre, Oxford Street，Manchester, M1 6FT (Mon—Sat 10am—8pm)
By Post：
Stating the performance and choice of seats, enclosing (附寄) a cheque, postal order, or your credit card details to The Palace Theatre Ticket Centre, Oxford Street, Manchester, M1 6FT. Please enclose a stamped addressed envelope.
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For further information please call 0161 245 6609.46．If you want to join Live Card to save money on tickets, you can call ________.
A．0844 847 2484 B．0800 587 5007
C．0844 499 6699 D．0161 245 6609
47．How can you pay for a ticket when you book by post?
A．By visiting the website of a post office.
B．By going to your local bank in person.
C．By enclosing your Live Card in an envelope.
D．By providing your credit card information.
48．What benefit can group bookers enjoy according to the text?
A．Delayed payment for tickets.
B．Invitations to opening nights.
C．Reduced booking fees by phone.
D．Generous discounts on tickets.
解题导语： 这是一则广告。做广告信息类的阅读理解题通常用逆向法，即先读题干和各选项的信息，带着这些信息去文章中寻找答案。
解析：46.细节理解题。题干信息是：如果你为了买票省钱而想加入Live Card，可以拨打哪个电话号码？关键信息词是“save money(省钱)”。解此题的关键是要注意小标题，从小标题来看，“Save pounds on ticket NOW！”部分的内容跟省钱有关系。根据这部分的“Call 0844 499 6699”可直接得出答案，即要想成为会员享受优惠，可以拨打0844 499 6699。故选C。
47．细节理解题。题干信息是：通过邮局订票的时候怎么付款？关键信息词是“pay for(付款)”“by post(通过邮局)”。很明显，答案可以从“By Post”一栏中找出，即若想通过邮局买票，必须提供个人信用卡详细资料(your credit card details)。故选D。
48．细节理解题。题干信息是：根据短文可知，团购者可享受什么好处？关键信息是“benefit(好处)”“group bookers(团购者)”。很明显，从“Get it Together！”一栏中可找到答案，这部分的第二段第二句话即是答案所在——团体预订者可以享受先预订后付款的优惠(book-now-pay-later)，也就是选项A(Delayed payment for tickets)的意思。故选A。
3.标注法
即在通读短文和试题选项后，标注中心句并把与选项有关的词、句、段标注相应的题号。该方法具有很强的针对性和稳妥性，便于对照分析和复查验证。有些考生在阅读时喜欢在不认识的单词以及不理解的句子、语段下面画线或打上标记，这是一个不好的习惯，应予以摈弃。如：
【例3】 Howling is a behaviour commonly observed among a wolf pack. As pack animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other. There are different explanations of a wolf's howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.
One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together. It's almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harrington, a professor who studies wolf behaviour.
Indeed, there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus, and the next, quarreling among each other. It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may actually be “punished” for joining in the chorus at times. So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members？—Why do wolves howl for sure?
What is clear, however, is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.
Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behaviour. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occur in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call” where wolves all howl together to report their presence.
55．What is the possible similarity between wolves' howling together and humans' singing in chorus?
A．The act of calling each other.
B．The sense of accomplishment.
C．The act of hunting for something.
D．The sense of belonging to a group.
56．Why does Harrington think the “social bond” theory may be wrong?
A．Wolves separate from each other after howling.
B．Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.
C．Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.
D．Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.
57．Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to ________.
A．show their ranks
B．find their companions
C．report the missing ones
D．express their loneliness
58．“Howling...is a contagious behaviour”(in the last paragraph) means ________.
A．howling is a signal for hunting
B．howling is a way of communication
C．howling often occurs in the morning
D．howling spreads from one to another解题导语：本文是一篇说明文，介绍人们对狼嚎的原因的认识和研究成果。画线句子是每一段的中心句。
解析：55.推理判断题。题干信息是：狼群嚎叫和人类合唱可能的相似点是什么？关键词是similarity，wolves' howling together，humans' singing in chorus，在文中也能找到相对应的信息(见第二段第二句和第三句中的黑体字)。依据第二段第三句话可知，狼群嚎叫和人类合唱可能存在的相似之处是两者都能带来归属感，文中的a sense of involvement和选项D中的the sense of belonging to a group同义。故选D。
56．细节理解题。题干信息是：为什么Harrington认为“社会联系”理论是错误的？关键词是social bond，theory，wrong，在文中也能找到相对应的信息(见第二段最后一句中的黑体字)。第二段最后一句说，Harrington认为这个理论(“社会联系”理论)是错误的，紧接着第三段第一句话说明了他的依据，实际情况是有时狼嚎之后会争吵，文中的“and the next，quarreling among each other”和选项C中的“have quarrels after howling together”对应。故选C。
57．细节理解题。题干信息是：研究者们确信狼嚎叫通常是为了……关键信息词是sure，wolves often howl to，在文中也能找到相对应的信息(见第四段中的黑体字)。第四段第一句即是主题句，依据第四段内容可知，很确定的一点是，很多情况下狼嚎是为了寻找伙伴，以聚集在一起，文中的“to locate each other”与选项B(find their companions)对应。故选B。
58．句意理解题。题干信息是：最后一段中的“Howling... is a contagious behaviour”，这句话是什么意思？题干已经为我们锁定了寻找范围，所以答案一定在最后一段，本段的中心句是第一句，下面的内容对其进行解释说明。依据本段内容尤其是第二句可知，狼嚎具有传染性，一匹狼吼叫之后其他狼跟着效仿，于是出现群嚎现象。故选D。
二、快速定位细节
细节题在历年高考卷中占很大比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的”半壁江山”。这类题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一细节进行理解。有些问题考生可以直接从文中找到答案，但有些则需要考生在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判定、比较等，才能得到答案。
在解这类题时，考生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题点。先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，对照比较，最终确定答案。学会快速定位细节可以在很大程度上提高做题的准确率和做题速度。
当读到有关题干或选项中的信息时，可在有关信息下面画线以示突出。如果问题的顺序没有按材料的顺序给出，可以在原文信息下画线，同时，把问题的题号也标出来，便于最后检查，并节约时间。如：
【例4】 Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.
What to Expect
The host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.
Accommodation Zones
Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2,3 and 4 of the transport system. Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential (居住的). Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area. It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.
Meal Plans Available
◇Continental Breakfast
◇Breakfast and Dinner
◇Breakfast, Packed Lunch and Dinner
It's important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast. Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal (谷物类食品), bread and tea or coffee. Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England. Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee.Friends
If you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your host's permission. You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.
Self-Catering Accommodation in Private Homes
Accommodation on a room-only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room. This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long-stay student. However, it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much.
37．Which of the following will the host provide?
A．Room cleaning. B．Medical care.
C．Free transport. D．Physical training.
39．According to the passage, what does Continental Breakfast include?
A．Dessert and coffee. B．Fruit and vegetables.
C．Bread and fruit juice. D．Cereal and cold meat.
40．Why do some people choose self-catering accommodation?
A．To experience a warmer family atmosphere.
B．To enrich their knowledge of English.
C．To entertain friends as they like.
D．To enjoy much more freedom.
解题导语： 本文是一篇应用文。客居外国家庭为英语学习者提供了在教室以外的地方练习英语并体验作为英国家庭一部分的机会。本篇文章对于客居外国家庭的基本情况，如卫生、居住区地理位置、所提供的食物、朋友来访以及膳宿等方面作了简要介绍。设问比较简单，基本上都可以从相关段落直接找到答案。
解析：37.细节理解题。题干关键词是“the host provide”，接下来带着关键词通过寻读定位与其相关的内容(第一个标题前两句话)，即“The host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week.”，可知房东提供清扫房屋的服务(Room cleaning)。B项(医疗保健)文章并未提及；关于C项(免费交通)，文章虽然提及交通问题(第三段最后一句)，但是并未说明交通是免费的；D项(体育锻炼)文章也未涉及。故选A。
39．细节理解题。题干关键词为“Continental Breakfast include”。 由文中第三个标题下面的“Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal (谷物类食品), bread and tea or coffee.”可以看出C项的内容包含在其中。故选C。
40．细节理解题。题干关键词为“Why”“choose self-catering accommodation”。由最后一段中的“This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long-stay student.”可知，这种类型的食宿对居住者来说更独立、更自由。故选D。
另外需要特别指出的是：通过定位法找准出题点后，尽量在上下文一两句话的范围内把问题解决，不要肆意扩散。很多考生所找的解题依据离出题点十万八千里，这样很难得出正确的结论。
三、学会识别信号词
所谓“信号词”(Signal Words)是指一些在文章中起着信号提示作用的词语。这些词语预示着将要读到的内容与上下文存在什么样的关系，或具有什么样的逻辑意义。因为我们知道，文章的句子不是无序地排列的，而是按照一定关系，有目的、有规律地组织起来的。注意信号词能使我们了解作者的思路，理顺该句与上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而提高阅读理解的效率和准确率。请看下面这一段落： In that mill, I learned the process of making paper. First, the logs are put in the shredder. Then, they are cut into small chips and mixed with water and acid. Next, they are heated and crushed to a heavy pulp to be cleaned. It is also chemically bleached to whiten it. After this, it is passed through rollers to flatten it. Then, sheets of wet paper are produced. Finally, the water is removed from the sheets which are pressed, dried and refined until the finished paper is produced.
作者通过使用表示先后顺序的信号词first，then，next，after this和finally，有条不紊地描述出造纸工艺的整个过程。
四、分析长难句
高考阅读理解题中的长句、难句的数量逐年增多。结构复杂、修饰语叠加、信息容量大的句子在近年的高考试卷中频频出现，这不但造成了理解上的困难，也增加了考生的心理压力。
为此，建议大家对这些”拦路虎”要正确地区分对待：与题目无关、不影响理解文章大意的，就不必浪费时间和精力；相反，那些和题目相关的长难句，我们首先要用结构分析法分析其类型(是带有较多成分的简单句，还是含有多个简单句的并列句，还是含有多个从句的复合句，还是含有多个插入成分的句子)，然后理清句子成分，去除枝干成分，抓住句子主干，这样就能准确把握句子的意义。
试着分析以下长句：
1. Miller's most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system, with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth.
译文：米勒最著名的剧作——《推销员之死》是对美国制度有力的抨击，这种制度具有侵犯性的做事方式并且主张把金钱和社会地位作为价值指导。
分析：本句很长，但其实是一个主系表结构的简单句，主干是Miller's most famous play is a powerful attack on the American system。 Miller's most famous play是主语，Death of a Salesman是其同位语。a powerful attack on the American system是表语。后面的with...是介词短语作后置定语。2. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn't be a built-in device for cleaning the window.
译文：注意到司机透过覆盖着雪的挡风玻璃向外看很费劲，她就想为什么没有一种内置的装置来擦车窗呢。
分析：本句的主干是she found herself wondering...。Noticing...为现在分词短语作状语，that引导宾语从句；wondering...是现在分词短语，在句中作宾语补足语，why引导宾语从句。3. The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas.
译文：我让学生们把高科技(工具)都丢在门口的真正原因是：我认为很少有场合能使我们深入交谈并真正地探讨复杂的观点。
分析：本句的主干是The reason why... is that...，这是高中阶段常见的句型。why引导定语从句，先行词为reason；that引导表语从句；I think是插入语；in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词places。4. So when our retirement community (社区) announced that they were having an essay competition and the topic was an experience of a lifetime that you wanted to have, I decided to write about my dream.
译文：所以，当我们退休人员居住的社区宣布要举行一次题目为”你想拥有的一次人生经历”的写作大赛时，我决定把自己的梦想写一写。
分析：本句主干是I decided to write about my dream。when引导时间状语从句；第一个that引导宾语从句，作announced 的宾语；第二个that引导定语从句，先行词是experience。5. After immigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871.
译文：他(Howard)从英国移民到美国，想通过种地谋生失败后，搬到了芝加哥，在那儿他日睹了经历过1871年灾难性大火后城市的重建过程。
分析：本句主干是he moved to Chicago。该句前半部分是一个时间状语，after后是由并列连词and连接的动名词短语和名词短语的并列结构；后半部分包含一个where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Chicago。6.One of the common problems with making excuses is that people, especially young people, get the idea that it's okay not to be totally honest all the time.
译文：编造借口的普遍问题之一就是人们，尤其是年轻人，认为不必总是完全诚实。
分析：本句主干是One of the common problems is that...。该句中有两个名词性从句——一个表语从句(that people...)和一个同位语从句(that it's okay not to...)。表语从句中还夹杂了一个插入语(especially young people)，使得整个句子显得很长，同位语从句中还用了部分否定(not to be totally honest all the time)的表达。7．Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and internet links sending live Olympic broadcast from London.
译文：目前，科学家认为，这次高峰可能导致巨大的太阳能爆炸，这次爆炸可能把数十亿吨的带电物质抛向地球，引起强烈的太阳风暴，从而可能会使直播伦敦奥运会的通讯卫星和网络连接堵塞。
分析：本句较长，主干是scientists believe that...。句中，第一个that引导宾语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词solar explosions；causing...作结果状语，其中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词solar storms。
五、快速排除干扰项
近年来，随着高考命题指导思想的发展，阅读理解题的考查角度越来越灵活多变。其中干扰项的设置常使很多考生陷入误区。
因此，就高考阅读理解中的干扰项问题，我们列举了常见的几种阅读题类型，进行以下分析。1.从细节理解题和推理判断题的干扰项设置手法来看：细节理解题与推理判断题的依据都是文章本身的内容，文章内容就是我们答题的唯一依据。从干扰项的角度来讲，我们做这两种题都是去伪存真的过程。我们可以从以下干扰项的设题原则来分析：
(1)偷梁换柱原则
这种干扰项的设计思路是，在对原文进行同义转换或解释的过程中，通过改变一些词汇或表达方法，使改变后的意思与原文意思发生微妙或较大的改变。这一原则可适用于事实细节题、推理判断题和主旨大意题。
【例5】 Rae Armantrout，who has been a poetry professor at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) for two decades, has won the 2010 Pulitzer Prize in the poetry category for her most recent book, “Versed”．
“I'm delighted and amazed at how much media recognition that the Pulitzer brings, as compared to even the National Book Critics Award, which I was also surprised and delighted to win，” said Armantrout.
“For a long time, my writing has been just below the media radar, and to have this kind of attention, suddenly, with my 10th book, is really surprising.”
Armantrout, a native Californian, received her bachelor's degree at UC Berkeley, where she studied with noted poet Denise Levertov, and her master's in creative writing from San Francisco State University. She is a founding member of Language Poets, a group in American poetry that analyzes the way language is used and raises questions to make the reader think.
In March, she won the National Book Critics Award for “Versed”．
“This book has gotten more attention，” Armantrout said, “but I don't feel as if it's better.”
The first half of “Versed” focuses on the dark forces taking hold of the United States as it fought the war against Iraq. The second half looks at the dark forces casting a shadow over her own life after Armantrout was diagnosed with cancer in 2006.
Armantrout was shocked to learn she had won the Pulitzer but many of her colleagues were not. “Rae Armantrout is a unique voice in American poetry，” said Seth Lerer, head of Arts and Humanities at UCSD.
“Versed”， published by the Wesleyan University Press, did appear in a larger printing than her earlier works, which is about 2,700 copies. The new edition is scheduled to appear in May.67．Which of the following is TRUE of Rae Armantrout?
A．She published a poetry textbook.
B．She used to teach Denise Levertov.
C．She started a poets' group with others.
D．She taught creative writing at UC Berkeley.
70．What can we learn from the text?
A．About 2,700 copies of “Versed” will be printed.
B．Cancer made Armantrout stop writing.
C．Armantrout got her degrees at UCSD.
D．“Versed” has been awarded twice.解题导语：美国加利福尼亚圣地亚哥大学的诗歌教授Rae Armantrout的一本诗集“Versed”先后获得两项大奖。文章向我们介绍了她和这本诗集以及她对自己获奖的看法。
解析：67.事实细节题。根据第四段的“She is a founding member of Language Poets...”可知，她和其他人一起发起了一个诗歌小组。A项、B项和D项采用了“偷换概念”的干扰方法。干扰项A中的“a poetry textbook”明显不符合文意；干扰项B偷换了师生二人的位置；干扰项D把原文中的her master's in creative writing偷换成She taught creative writing。故选C。
70．推理判断题。第一段告诉我们“Versed”获得了Pulitzer Prize，第五段又告诉我们，该作品在三月份获得了National Book Critics Award，也就是说这本诗集共获得了两项大奖。其他选项采用了“偷换概念”的干扰方法。干扰项A中的“Versed”，干扰项B中的stop writing，干扰项C中的UCSD都是偷换后的，所以都错了。故选D。
(2)鱼目混珠原则
这种干扰方法常把干扰项设置成正误并存的形式，甚至有些干扰项所表达的意思根本就没有错误，只是内容不完整、不全面罢了。
【例6】 Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.
Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated(展示)a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts.
In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.
“Our brain has billions of nerve cells. These send signals through the spinal cord(脊髓)to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles，” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”
The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp (头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.
Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.”
He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.
72．How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?
A．By controlling his muscles.
B．By talking to the machine.
C．By moving his hand.
D．By using his mind.
解题导语：这是一篇科普文章，作者向我们介绍了关于人脑信息和电脑信息研究的新突破，该技术目前正准备在病人身上应用。
解析：72.事实细节题。由第三段中的“In the laboratory，Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.”可知，Tavella是通过他的思维来控制轮椅的。干扰项A是无中生有；干扰项B运用了“鱼目混珠法”，根据原文“He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.”可知，B项只是表达了前半句，但是没有加上后半句，这种表达是不正确的；C项(By moving his hand)是断章取义，原文是“by thinking about moving his left or right hand”，因此也是错的。故选D。
(3)无中生有原则
这种干扰方法常见于多种题材的文章中，是干扰项经常使用的原则，即把文章中没有的事情说成存在的事，而这些干扰项也往往是考生潜意识里”想当然”的选项。
【例7】 Too much TV-watching can harm children's ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.
One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.A second study, looking at nearly 1,000 grown-ups in New Zealand, found lower education levels among 26-year-olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood. But the results don't prove that TV is the cause and don't rule out that already poorly motivated youngsters(年轻人) may watch lots of TV.
Their study measured the TV habits of 26-year-olds between ages 5 and 15. Those with college degrees had watched an average of less than two hours of TV per weeknight during childhood, compared with an average of more than 2.5 hours for those who had no education beyond high school.
In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest, while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest.
While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldn't have TVs in their bedrooms.64．According to the California study, the low-scoring group might ________.
A．have watched a lot of TV
B．not be interested in math
C．be unable to go to college
D．have had computers in their bedrooms
解题导语：一些新的研究表明，看电视太多会损害孩子的学习能力，甚至会降低他们取得大学学位的几率。研究还发现孩子的卧室不应该放置电视。
解析：64.推理判断题。根据文章第二段的第二句可知，卧室里有电视机的孩子的数学和语文的成绩比卧室里没有电视的孩子要低8分，由此可推断很可能是看电视影响了他们的成绩。B项(对数学不感兴趣)和C项(不能上大学)属于无中生有，应排除；D项(卧室里放电脑)属于”偷梁换柱”型干扰，根据倒数第二段可知，卧室里放电视而不放电脑的学生得分最低，相比之下，卧室里放电脑而不放电视的学生得分最高。故选A。
(4)绝对性原则
选项中含有绝对语气的表达往往不是最终答案，如：must，always, never, the most, all, every, any, merely, only, completely，none, hardly, already等。说话不能说死，要留有余地，一般含有不十分肯定的语气或较委婉的表达的选项往往是正确选项，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition, tend to等。
【例8】 It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves. Some groups believe wolves should be killed. Other people believe wolves must be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderness (荒野)．
For Killing Wolves
In Alaska, the wolf almost disappeared a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport. However, laws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur. So the wolf population has greatly increased. Now there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply.
A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family. People in the wilderness also hunt deer for food. Many of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life. When the deer can't find enough food, they die.
If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer, their prey(猎物) will disappear some day. And the wolves will, too. So we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology. If we killed more wolves, we would save them and their prey from dying out. We'd also save some farm animals.
In another northern state, wolves attack cows and chickens for food. Farmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem. They believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small wolf population.Against Killing Wolves
If you had lived long ago, you would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolf. According to most stories, hungry wolves often kill people for food. Even today, the stories of the “big bad wolf” will not disappear.
But the fact is wolves are afraid of people, and they seldom travel in areas where there is a human smell. When wolves eat other animals, they usually kill the very young, or the sick and injured. The strongest survive. No kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived. That has always been a law of nature.Although some people say it is good sense to kill wolves, we say it is nonsense! Researchers have found wolves and their prey living in balance. The wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large, and that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life.
The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used by people. Even if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs, the wolves can't always find enough food. So they travel to the nearest source, which is often a farm. Then there is danger. The “big bad wolf” has arrived! And everyone knows what happens next.
62．According to those against killing wolves, when wolves eat other animals, ________.
A．they never eat strong and healthy ones
B．they always go against the law of nature
C．they might help this kind of animals survive in nature
D．they disturb the ecological balance in the wilderness
解题导语：荒野中的狼群让人毛骨悚然。是捕杀，还是保护？众说纷纭，莫衷一是。
解析：62.推理判断题。A、B两项中分别有过于绝对的词never和always，可以初步排除，再结合原文确定为错误选项，这样就缩小了选择范围。“Against Killing Wolves”部分第二段中提到，狼捕杀的通常是年幼、生病或者受伤的动物，最强壮的动物是可以存活的。如果允许体弱病残者生存，没有哪一种动物可以在经历数世纪之后依然存活下来，这是自然界的规律。故选C。
2.从主旨大意题的干扰项设置手法来看：主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和中心思想的能力。做这类试题时应特别注意要一切从文章本身出发，从全文的角度来看，切记片面化和主观臆断。所以，其干扰项常用的设置原则是：以偏概全原则。四个选项往往在短文中均被提及，甚至个个都对，考生此时要特别注意整体与部分、全面与片面的区别，防止主次不分，以点带面，以偏概全。【例9】 The engineer Camillo Olivetti was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908. At his factory in Ivrea, he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter. Today the company's head office is still in Ivrea, near Turin, but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world.
By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13,000 machines a year. Some went to customers in Italy, but Olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries. Camillo's son, Adriano, started working for the company in 1924 and later he became the boss. He introduced a standard speed for the production line and he employed technology and design specialists. The company developed new and better typewriters and then calculators (计算器). In 1959 it produced the ELEA computer system. This was the first mainframe (主机) computer designed and made in Italy.
After Adriano died in 1960, the company had a period of financial problems. Other companies, especially the Japanese, made faster progress in electronic technology than the Italian company.
In 1978, Carlo de Benedetti became the new boss. Olivetti increased its marketing and service networks and made agreements with other companies to design and produce more advanced office equipment. Soon it became one of the world's leading companies in information technology and communications. There are now five independent companies in the Olivetti group—one for personal computers, one for other office equipment, one for systems and services, and two for telecommunications.
59．The best title for the text would be ________.
A．The Origin of Olivetti
B．The Success of Olivetti
C．The History of Olivetti
D．The Production of Olivetti
解题导语：从第一台打字机于1908年在意大利诞生后，Olivetti集团已经走过了百年历史。在它飞速发展的过程中，也曾有过举步维艰的岁月。
解析：59.主旨大意题。文章按照时间顺序介绍了这个集团的发展史，所以C项最能概括文章大意，A、B、D三项都是文章的一方面，不能概括全文。故选C。
3．从词义猜测题的干扰项设置手法来看：猜测词义包括对词组和句意的理解，考生首先应该知道，这类题中的词、词组或句子都是可以根据文章内容推知其含义的，这是命题的基本要求。在选项设置上，往往会从字面意思上给出使考生困惑的干扰项，所以切不可望文生义，单从个别句子甚至若干句子的表面意思进行浅层理解，而忽视具体语境或一些特定的修辞手法。
【例10】 Why play games? Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules... planning your next move... acting as a team member... these are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your life.
Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating(合作)．
Many children's games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, which sharpens the hand-eye coordination (协调) needed in hunting.
Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.
Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life. 42．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means that games can ________.
A．describe life in an exciting way
B．turn real-life experiences into a play
C．make learning life skills more interesting
D．change people's views of sporting events
解题导语：本文为一篇议论文，论述体育活动带给孩子们的各种好处。
解析：42.句意猜测题。根据第二段后面的内容可推知，游戏最重要的作用是演绎人生，能够教孩子们遵守规则，使学习生活技巧更有趣。若是根据字面意思理解，很多考生会选择B项(把真实的生活经历转变为戏剧)。原文中该部分后面有一个定语从句(that teach children...)，前后结合就可以理解这部分的意思了。故选C。
掌握好了以上的干扰项设题原则我们就能灵活运用排除法来做题。如果在有些情况下从正面选择答案有困难，选用排除法不失为一个很好的方法，即排除四个选项中的三个错误选项，那么剩下的选项即为正确选项。专题四
一
(2014·新课标Ⅰ)
The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. __1__ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.
1．Curiosity
Your children need to be deeply curious. __2__ Ask kids, “ What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?
2．Creativity
True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. __3__ There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.
3．Interpersonal Skills
Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what's going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. __4__ “Why do you think she's crying？” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel？”
4．Self Expression
__5__ There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.
A．Encourage kids to cook with you.
B．And we can't forget science education.
C．We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.
D．So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don't yet exist?
E．Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.
F．We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.
G．Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.
文章大意：本文为一篇说明文。就如何帮助孩子为还未存在的工作做好准备给出了很好的建议。
答案：
1．D 前面提到．..have not yet been invented。既然是没被发明，接下来的应该是D项：我们应该如何帮助我们的孩子为还没存在的工作做好准备呢？
2．A 由空后面的ingredients，pancakes可知，此处与做饭有关，故A项(鼓励孩子跟你一起做饭)正确。
3．C 既然本部分与创造力有关，那应该是以新的方式来思考问题，故C项正确。
4．F 由该空后面的一系列的问题可知F项(我们在现实生活中这么做，或者是就故事中的角色问问题)正确。
5．G 由后一句There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas可知，此处与交流能力有关，故G项正确。
二
(2014·新课标Ⅱ)
Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability, money, and time. __1__ Money is a topic I'll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：
1． Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? __2__
2． Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? __3__ It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.
3．__4__ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.
Hopefully that gives you a good start. __5__ And don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!
A．Try new things.
B．Ability is easily improved.
C．Make three or four instead.
D．Understand your food better.
E．Cooking is a burden for many people.
F．Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.
G．A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何在有限的时间里做一顿好饭。
答案：
1．B 根据上下文语境，上文提到不做饭的原因有三个，能力、金钱与时间，并分别对金钱与时间作了讲述，故空处应简单叙述能力，故选B项。
2．G 本段主题句think ahead，相关句子只有G项，“花一点时间提前计划可以节省后面的很多工作”。
3．C 根据上下文语境。上文“你在制作一条面包吗”下文“多做一点花差不多同样的时间”，可知空处应该填C项，“制作三、四条吧。”
4．A 空处是本段主题句。由本段内容可知介绍多尝试新的菜谱和新的想法，这样能力会越来越高。故选A项。
5．F 根据上下文语境。由下文不要让忙碌打消你在饮食生活方面改变一下的乐趣。所以空处应该是F项，让饮食生活成为一种乐趣而不是负担。
三
(2014·辽宁)
Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight：
·Schedule yearly exams. __1__ Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.
·Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses. __2__
·Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. __3__ Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.
·__4__ As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.
·Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. __5__ Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.
A．Eat your greens.
B．Eye care should begin early in life.
C．They can properly protect your eyes.
D．Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.
E．Parents usually don't care about their own eyesight.
F．Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear.
G．This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.
文章大意：本文介绍了保持好的视力的五个建议。
答案：
1．B 从下一句话Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check可知答案。
2．C 上一句话意为：无论是什么季节，戴太阳镜是非常重要的。可知，空格处应该意为：太阳镜会保护你的视力。
3．G 根据文中的Give your eyes a break可知，本段说的是用眼要注意休息，故本题选G项。
4．A 本段说的是饮食对于保护眼睛的重要性，故此处填A项。
5．F 本段说的是戴隐形眼镜存在的问题。所以空格处的下一句应该为：否则你会眼疼或者更严重的情况，可知此处意为：戴隐形眼镜要听医嘱。
四
(2014·北京)
Evaluating Sources (来源) of Health Information
Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. __1__
Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. __2__
Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. __3__ Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.
Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.__4__ Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术)．
__5__ Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.
Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.
A．Make choices that are right for you.
B．The goal of an ad is to sell you something.
C．Be sure to work through the critical questions.
D．And examine the findings of the original research.
E．Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.
F．Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author's point of view.
G．The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.
文章大意：有关个人健康信息的来源由许多，应该如何对这些信息进行正确评价，得到真正对自己合理有用的信息，本文给出了几个有用的途径。
答案：
1. G 前面连续有几个how to...提出的问题，下面四段都是几个建议，所以此处应该用一个句子过渡，说明下面将要给出几个建议。
2．D 文章第二段说的是要“查看原始材料”，所以D项当中的original是关键词，应该“考虑一下研究成果的类型，并应检查原始研究的调查报告”。
3．F 文章第三段的建议是要当心语言的误导。结合本文，这里的语言误导是指因为某种语言的描述导致对于结果的错误的理解。“某个过程并不意味着一定会导致某个结果(this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result)”，信息也有可能因为作者观点的原因被错误的解读，故选F项。
4．B 由空格前面的句子“Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.”可知此处应选B项，说明为什么要当心包含广告的信息。
5．A “朋友和家庭成员可以是看法和激励的巨大(信息)来源，但我们每个人都应该找到适合我们自己的健康的生活方式”，所以，本段的主题是“作出对自己正确的选择”。
五
(2014·山西省第四次四校联考)
The Transport Industry In the UK
The transport industry employs around 2.3 million people in the UK across some 196,000 companies. Worth over ￡75 billion to the economy, it ensures that goods, services and people can move as efficiently as possible.
__1__ Traffic and transport construction jobs are essential to ensure that there are no long-term disruptions(中断) in transport. Without traffic and transport construction jobs, the Transport for London Organization wouldn't be able to maintain its train or tube lines.
__2__ Opportunities involve construction work and building services to maintain facilities(设施) such as airports and train stations. It also involves anything from designing and creating a new bridge or road, to developing a new harbor to increase sea freight(海运)．
Some roles require shift work. __3__ Depending on the role, travel may also be required either locally, nationally, or in some cases, internationally.
Traffic and transport construction jobs have not escaped the effects of a global economic downturn. However, rising fuel costs have seen a huge increase in the number of people using public transport. __4__
Traffic and transport construction jobs were important during the 2012 Games. Billions of pounds were invested into improving the capital's transport facilities. __5__ It was a 12-carriage train that linked King's Cross St. Pancras stations to the heart of London in just seven minutes.
A．With the transport industry, many people would be unemployed in UK.
B．This included the “Olympic Javelin”．
C．This can mean working evenings, nights and possibly weekends.
D．Because of the size of the industry, a number of career opportunities are available.
E．Many stadiums were built at that time.
F．This is because transport construction jobs carry out all the necessary maintenance required to keep public transport safe and running.
G．The industry can be divided into three main sectors: surface, sea and air transport.
文章大意：本文介绍了英国的交通运输业。该行业可分为三个方面：陆地上，海上和空中运输。运输行业雇佣了大约230万人在大约196,000家公司。经济价值￡750亿，它确保商品、服务和人可以尽可能有效地移动。伦敦市政府为了保证公共设施的正常运转投入大量的财力物力。
答案：
1．G 考查上下文的语境理解能力。根据下文说的机场和火车站和海口可知，这里在说：该行业可分为三个方面：陆地上，海上和空中运输，故选G。
2．D 考查上下文的语境理解能力。根据后面的career opportunities，可知，这里的意思应该是：因为行业规模的扩大，有大量的就业机会。应选D。
3．C 考查上下文的语境理解能力。前一句是：有一些工作需要轮班工作。后一句是：根据角色，旅行也可能需要在本地，在全国范围内，或在某些情况下，在国际上。故C项(这可能意味着晚上工作，晚上和周末。)符合要求。
4．F 考查上下文的语境理解能力。根据上文可知，不断上涨的燃料成本使越来越多的人使用公共交通工具。下文提到：数十亿英镑被投入到改善首都的交通设施。所以选F(这是因为交通建设工作进行所有必要的维护以保证公共交通的安全运行。)前后一致。
5．B 考查上下文的语境理解能力。在2012年奥运会期间，数十亿英镑被投入到改善首都的交通设施。其中包括“Olympic Javelin”，一个有着12节车厢的火车，使得从国王的十字圣潘克拉斯车站到伦敦市中心仅仅需要7分钟的时间。故选B前后一致。
六
(2014·贵州省六校联盟第二次联考)
Doctors Say Most Heart Disease Preventable
Heart disease is the number one killer, worldwide, of men and women over the age of 60. But people of all ages die of heart attacks each year. And while death rates have declined in the U．S. and many western European countries, they are on the rise in the developing world. __1__.
No one would have guessed that Barbara Teng would have a heart attack. She was not overweight. She did not smoke or exercise. “In 2004, the week after I turned 49, when I was on a business trip in Chicago, I had a major heart attack，” she said. __2__. She now exercises daily, and monitors her heart health.
Dr. Patrice Nickens, who is with the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, thinks that heart disease is 82 percent preventable. “__3__，” she said.“Men are also facing the same problem, and the key to staying healthy is knowing your numbers.”
“Your weight, your blood cholesterol, blood sugar and your blood pressure are important numbers that can help you take action and reduce your risk，” she said.
__4__.
“And the steps to take are simple: don't smoke, maintain a healthy weight, exercise, know your numbers and talk to your physician and control these risks，” she said.
African-Americans are at higher-than-average risk for heart disease and stroke; people don't even know they have it, which increases the risk. Medstar Washington Hospital Center is trying to reach this population. __5__. For example, helping the people monitor their blood pressure. If people realize they are at risk for heart disease, they'll make lifestyle changes: lose weight, exercise, eat the right foods and keep in touch with a doctor.
A．A healthy lifestyle can prevent heart disease
B．So we must cure heart disease
C．It is the leading cause of death for women
D．With the right training, they can play an important role in community health
E．And that changed her life
F．Lack of exercise causes heart attacks
G．Yet most heart disease is preventable
文章大意：医生说大多数心脏病是可以预防的。
答案：
1．G 根据前面所讲心脏病在全世界范围内越来越严重，最后用Yet most heart disease is preventable表示转折。故G项符合上下文。
2．E 根据其后面—句She now exercises daily, and monitors her heart health。故E项解释符合上下文。
3．C 根据其后面一句Men are also facing the same problem。故C项符合上下文。
4．A 根据下文可知健康的生活方式可以阻止心脏病。故A项正确。
5．D 根据下面的例子For example, helping the people monitor their blood pressure.，说明正确的锻炼对健康起重要的作用。
七
(2014·许昌新乡平顶山三市二模)
How to Survive High School
High school can be a terrible phase if you get it all wrong. Find out how to survive high school with a few easy tips.
1．Be Yourself.
High school is a fun time to make new friends, meet new people, date and socialize. Make friends with all kinds of people and not just a group which you are comfortable with. Most peer pressure cases are because of the weak image created by freshmen. __1__ Don't give in to anyone's wants.
2．__2__
Choose your friends carefully and make sure you won't get influenced by anyone. Socialize, but by judging who you can connect to. You will find friends, but stay away from the ones who don't want to be your friends as a bad company is tempting, but the good one is true.
3．Be Optimistic.
There is nothing better than having a smile on your face whenever you can. __3__ Don't be afraid to make friends, don't get aggressive or personal with anyone and treat others the way you want to be treated. Respect your teachers and classmates and try to be helpful if you want the same in return.
4．Be Confident.
When you believe in yourself, others believe in you. Talk, walk and address people confidently and this will create a strong image about you. __4__ Be creative and unique and learn to set trends. Confidence is one quality you grow with, and people respect you for that.
5．Love High School.
__5__ Make the most out of it, and you will never get those moments back. Come up with prank ideas, get a detention, top your class, make the best friends, drink, go to prom, party, but just make as many memories as you can!
With these tips to survive high school, you will surely be proud of graduating as an all round approaching adult carrying the best roots. So, when you throw those hats in the air, feel the freedom and remember every moment you spent in “High School”．
A．And always wear your smile.
B．Keep Good Company.
C．Just be yourself and create a strong self image.
D．Practice positive thinking.
E．Do your thing, and don't imitate others.
F．Fall in love with it.
G．Study as hard as you can in your spare time.
文章大意：高中阶段的学习是很重要的，如果弄不好，是很痛苦的阶段，文章介绍了几个方法能更好的度过高中阶段。
答案：
1．C 考查句意理解和上下文。根据上文：Most peer pressure cases are because of the weak image created by freshmen.可知：要做自己，建立更加牢固的自我形象，所以选C。
2．B 考查段落大意。根据这段的句子：You will find friends, but stay away from the ones who don't want to be your friends as a bad company is tempting, but the good one is true.可知这段主要讲的是：要和好人交朋友，所以选B。
3．D 考查句意理解和上下文。根据上文：There is nothing better than having a smile on your face whenever you can.可知：要练习积极的想法，所以选D。
4．E 考查句意理解和上下文。根据下文：Be creative and unique and learn to set trends.可知：做自己的事情，不要模仿别人，所以选E。
5．F 考查句意理解和上下文。根据这段的小标题：Love High School.可知：要爱上高中，所以选F。
八
(2014·嘉峪关市一中第六次模拟)
Culture Shock
Culture shock refers to the anxiety and feelings (of surprise, uncertainty, confusion, etc.) felt when people have to operate within a different and unknown cultural or social environment, such as a foreign country.
Generally speaking, we could say that there are four stages of culture shock. The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place. __1__
The next stage is “the hostility(敌意)stage”. In this stage, you begin to notice not everything is as good as you originally thought it was. __2__ Moreover, people don't treat you like a guest anymore.
Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”. In this stage, you start to feel more positive. __3__ The whole situation starts to become more favorable and you begin to learn to adapt yourself to it.
The last stage of culture shock is called “adjustment”. In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good.__4__ The things that originally made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. Now you have adjusted to the new culture and you feel comfortable.
Not all individuals visiting another country will experience all these four stages.__5__ It also occurs within cultures as individuals move from place to place or from one setting to another (e.g., from high school to college).
A．You feel that friends should help each other to deal with culture shock.
B．And you try to develop comprehension of everything you don't understand.
C．In addition, culture shock is not limited to the overseas visitor.
D．You become tired of many things about the new culture.
E．You have learned enough to understand the new culture.
F．You begin to understand you need to travel a lot.
G．And everything seems to be marvelous and everybody seems to be so nice to you.
答案：
1．G 根据The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place.可知这里想说每一件事情看起来都很不可思议，每个人看起来都对你很好，故选G。
2．D 根据The next stage is “the hostility(敌意)stage”. In this stage, you begin to notice not everything is as good as you originally thought it was. __2__ Moreover, people don't treat you like a guest anymore.可知这里想说你对新文化的很多事情都感到厌烦，故选D。
3．B 根据Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”. In this stage, you start to feel more positive. __3__ The whole situation starts to become more favorable and you begin to learn to adapt yourself to it.可知这里想说你努力理解你不懂的每一件事情，故选B。
4．E 根据The things that originally made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. Now you have adjusted to the new culture and you feel comfortable. 可知这里想说对于新文化的理解，你已经了解的足够多了，故选E。
5．C 根据Not all individuals visiting another country will experience all these four stages.__5__ It also occurs within cultures as individuals move from place to place or from one setting to another (e.g., from high school to college)．可知这里想说另外，文化冲击不仅仅局限于海外的访问者，故选C。
九
(2014·北京市海淀区下学期期中)
There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. __1__
The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else.__2__ Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don't have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was equal to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.
The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can increase the reader's understanding. __3__ Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “learning” means understanding more, not remembering more information.
What are the conditions in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. __4__ Besides, his book must convey something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to reach the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is approached, success of communication is achieved.
__5__ It is the least demanding and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.
A．The writer should have a better communicating skill.
B．Such communication between unequals must be possible.
C．We can get access to the content of those materials easily.
D．The writer must be “superior” to the reader in understanding.
E．Thus, we can employ the word “reading” in two distinct senses.
F．Reading for entertainment is capable of increasing our understanding for information.
G．Besides gaining information and understanding, there's another goal of reading—entertainment.
答案：
1．E 根据The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else.故选E。
2．C 根据Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding.可知这里想说我们可以很容易抓住材料的内容，故选C。
3．B 根据The writer is communicating something that can increase the reader's understanding.故选B。
4．D 根据Besides, his book must convey something he possesses and his potential readers lack.可知这里想说作者一定在理解方面高于读者，故选D。
5．G 根据It is the least demanding and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.可知这里想说，除了获得信息和理解，还有另外一个阅读目标，娱乐，故选G。
十
(2014·邯郸市二模)
A large number of people have a preference for bottled water, because they feel that tap water may not be safe. __1__
Bottled water is mostly sold in plastic bottles. __2__ Processing the plastic can lead the harmful chemicals into the water contained in the bottles. The chemicals can be taken in the body and cause physical discomfort.
__3__ Bacteria(细菌) can increase in large numbers if the water is kept on the shelves for too long or if it is exposed(暴露) to heat or direct sunlight. The information on storage and shipment is not always readily available to consumers. __4__
Besides these safety problems, bottled water has other disadvantages. It contributes to global warming. About 2.5 million tons of carbon dioxide was produced in 2012 by the production of plastic for bottled water. __5__ According to one research, 90% of the bottles used are not recycled and lie for ages in landfills(填埋场)．
A．Do you like to drink bottled water?
B．But is bottled water really any better?
C．That's why it possibly causes health problems.
D．The problem concerning bottled water remains to be settled.
E．Health risks can also result from unfit store of bottled water.
F．In addition, bottled water produces large amount of solid waste.
G．Because of this, bottled water may not be a better choice, compared to tap water.
文章大意：很多人都偏爱瓶装水。其实瓶装水有卫生安全、造成全球变暖危害以及产生固体废物垃圾等很多问题。
1．B 考查上下文逻辑关系。前面讲人们偏爱瓶装水，后面讲的是瓶装水的危害。所以表示前后转折的B项符合语境。
2．C 前面讲的是瓶装水大多数是用塑料装的，后面讲的是塑料制品生产过程中产生的危害。所以C项承上启下，符合语境。
3．E 空后讲的是瓶装水的储藏可能带来细菌的大量滋生。所以E项“健康问题源于不合适的储藏”符合语境。
4．G 此句作为瓶装水有安全问题的总结发言，因为下一段就是安全问题之外的缺点了。所以G项总结上文，与第一空照应。
5．F 空后讲的是瓶装水造成的固体垃圾污染问题。所以F项符合语境。
十一
(2014·河西五市部分普通高中第二次联考)
Successful students are highly motivated by an inner drive to study well.They have a specific career goal in mind.__1__ So they form their own good study habits，plan ahead and stick to their study timetable on their own initiative.
If you want to motivate yourself, here are some great ways to improve your motivation.
◆ You should write down your educational goals, which makes them become clear.
◆ Imagine your success.Experience the feeling of reaching your particular goal.
◆ Give yourself rewards.__2__
◆ Seek advice and study opportunities from the good students in your class.
Successful students tend to study hard. They pay much attention to class as well as taking notes. __3__ Outside class they find a quiet study place to study, because they know that academic life comes before their social life.
__4__ After setting goals it is important to write them down for many reasons.
◆ Goals that aren't written are only wishes.
◆ It helps you make a commitment(承诺)to yourself.
◆ It gives you a way to see your progress.
◆ No one wants to regret not doing something they could have done.
Successful students manage their time well by setting up weekly timetable. They make the best use of their study time and find a quiet place and study there every day.__5__
If you want to be a successful student, please do as the above.
A．They know that they are responsible for their success or failure.
B．They make study time productive and not necessarily long.
C．Successful students should set goals.
D．You will be proud of yourself when you achieve success.
E．Each time you complete a lesson, do something special for yourself.
F．When you set your goals，make sure that your goals are specific and realistic.
G．They arrive at the classroom early and sit in the front.
文章大意：怎样才能成为成功的学生？他们的共同点是什么呢？本文给出了答案。
1．A 成功的学生都被一种内在的动力强烈地激励着，渴望把事情做好。在他们心中都有具体的职业目标。他们深知成败在于自己的努力。
2．E 与前面的主题句“Give yourself rewards(给自己奖赏)”对应的是E项。
3．G 该段讲的是成功学生的学习习惯，所以G项符合语境。
4．C 空后的“After setting goals...”可知，此处是设立目标。
5．B 该段讲的是学习时间的利用，所以B项符合语境。
十二
(2014·豫南五市二模)
Have you ever noticed that the more you have the more you want? Let's face it. Thinking our life is good enough doesn't come naturally to many people. When we have high expectations of everything in life, we will run into disappointment. Only when we are aware that needs are different from desires can we live with satisfaction. __1__
__2__ Most people want things to be better than they are, or when things are going well, we forget to appreciate what we have. Learn to reflect on how much better things are than they could be. Write down 5 things you are grateful for right now.
When we hold onto regrets from decisions we have made, it can really poison our well-being. Many people regret something they can no longer change, which ends up holding them back from moving forward in a more positive manner. __3__ So work to stay present and be mindful of the current moment to find more joy and fulfillment.
When we use other people as the measuring stick for our personal success and quality of life, we are likely to be less satisfied. Social comparisons can provide useful information when we try to learn from others, but they also hold our perspective in a discontented position. __4__
When you focus on your big ambitions and future goals, you might neglect the daily pleasures that surround you. __5__ Stay present and focus on the task you're undertaking at the moment. Don't let the life pass you by because you're always on the go and distracted by ambitions.
Practice looking at life through the lens(镜头) of contentment and it will become more natural.
A．Learn to create chances to achieve your goal.
B．What you should do is to put yourself in a good mood.
C．Here are a few ideas to help you be happier with what you have and who you are.
D．Focus on what you are thankful for.
E．What happened in the past is done and gone.
F．Compare yourself less with others so you can be satisfied more.
G．Learn to slow down and absorb the wonder and beauty around you.
文章大意：本文就如何帮助自己保持快乐的心态提出了具体的建议。
答案：
1．C 本文接下来的4段都是关于如何帮助自己保持快乐的心态的具体的建议。故C项符合上下文串联。
2．D 后面的“appreciate”以及“grateful”可知，D项thankful符合语境。
3．E 该段讲的是把握现在，不要对过去的事情遗憾和后悔。所以E项符合语境。
4．F 该段讲的是不要与人攀比，句中的“other people”与F项照应。
5．G 该段讲的是不要忽略当下的快乐，与G项照应。而且原文的“pleasures that surround you.”与G项的 “wonder and beauty around you.”照应。
十三
(2014·贵州省4月适应性考试)
How to find your own suitable interests?
__1__And it is also a great way to improve your health.Most hobby clubs have members who are very experienced in their hobbies.While a hobby has many benefits，it is not always easy to find the right one.Here is how to find one that fits you.
Try hobbies that fit in where you like to be.Try one as soon as possible.You may find yourself with a new hobby by doing what you want to do.__2__Try to write a short story, and writing might become your new hobby.
Get out of your comfort zone and try to learn something new every month.__3__Many people find that they enjoy things they never thought they would.For example，even if you are not patient，try making a needlepoint(针绣花边)pillow.You might find that you enjoy needlepoint.
One of the best ways to find a hobby that fits you is to try new things.People who like outdoor activities could try hiking or bird-watching.If you enjoy visiting new places，maybe traveling is a hobby that is right for you. __4__
Join a local club.Experienced members will help you learn the skills for the hobby.__5__
A．Other members will also be able to give you advice.
B．Do you have your own hobbies?
C．Choose a hobby that fits your schedule.
D．For example，some people dream of writing.
E．For example，you wish to become a free traveler.
F．Having a hobby is an excellent way to pass the time.
G. Try photography or painting scenery when you enjoy observing nature.
文章大意：怎样才能找到适合自己的兴趣爱好呢？本文给出了具体的建议。
答案：
1．F 空后的And以及also提示我们该空选择有兴趣爱好的优点。F项符合语境。
2．D 空后的writing提示我们选D项而非E项。
3．C 和空前的“Get out of your comfort zone and try to learn something new every month.”照应的是C项。
4．G 和前面的travelling照应，选择G项。
5．A 与前面的“Experienced members”照应，此处为其他的会员(没有经验的)也会给你建议。
十四
(2014·河北省“五个一名校联盟”质监一)
Procrastination (拖延) is a phenomenon we are familiar with. When we procrastinate, we waste our free time and put off important tasks we should do till it's too late. __1__ Here, I will share some personal steps taken to overcome procrastination with great success.
Break your work down into little parts. Part of the reason why we procrastinate is that we find the work too overwhelming (巨大的)for us. Break it down into little parts, and then focus on one part at a time. If you still procrastinate after doing so, break it down even further. __2__
Change your environment. Look at your work desk and your room. Do they make you want to work or do they make you sleepy? __3__
Create a detailed timeline with specific deadlines. Having just one deadline for your work is like an invitation to procrastinate. That's because we would get the impression that we have time and keep pushing everything back until it's too late. __4__ In this way, you know you have to finish each task by a certain date.
__5__ I'm pretty sure if you spend just 10 minutes talking to people like Steve Jobs or Bill Gates, you'll be more inspired to act than if you spend the 10 minutes doing nothing. The people we are with influence our behavior.
A．Seek out someone who has already achieved the similar outcome to your goals.
B．Hang out with people who inspire you to take action.
C．Having a companion makes the whole process much more fun.
D．If it's the latter, you should begin to change your workspace.
E．It's a bad habit eating us away and stopping us achieving greater success in life.
F．Break down your project, and then create an overall timeline with specific deadlines for each small task.
G．Soon, your task will be so simple that you will be thinking you can do it now.
文章大意：怎样改掉拖延的毛病，本文给出了很好的建议。
答案：
1．E 拖延是我们非常熟悉的现象。它的危害很多。E项是其中之一。
2．G 把任务分解就会使大任务变得简单。所以G项符合语境。
3．D 前面有两个问题，所以D项的“latter”与之照应。
4．F 该段讲的是时间，且该段开始的“Create a detailed timeline with specific deadlines.”与F项照应。所以F项符合语境。
5．B 空后的“people like Steve Jobs or Bill Gates”与B项“who inspire you to take action.”照应；空后的“you'll be more inspired to act”与B项“inspire you to take action.”照应。
十五
(2014·河南省长葛市三模)
Although different universities in the US have different admissions policies, most determine admission based on several standards, including a student's high school course of study, high school Grade Point Average (GPA), participation in activities, SAT or ACT exam scores, a written essay, and possibly a personal interview.
The university admissions office considers whether a student has taken courses in high school that have prepared him or her for more difficult coursework. A student's high school GPA is also considered. __1__ Each letter grade is assigned a number of points: A＝4 points, B＝3, C＝2, D＝1 and F＝0 point. A GPA is calculated by adding all of the points earned for each course grade and dividing the total points by the total number of courses taken. __2__
Universities prefer to see applications from high school students who have engaged in activities in their spare time, such as clubs, athletic teams and student government. __3__ Most students in the US take the SAT Reasoning Test or the ACT during their final year of high school. Each university sets a minimum SAT or ACT score that a student must achieve in order to be admitted. These are standardized quantitative examinations. The SAT tests critical reading, math and writing skills. __4__
Students are often required to write an essay as part of the application process. __5__ The applicants may also be required to have a personal interview with a representative from the admissions office.
A．A student who fails a required course must repeat the course.
B．A GPA is a figure representing a student's accumulated grades.
C．Each admissions office determines the length and content of the essay.
D．For example, a GPA of 3.0 is a “B” average for all of the courses taken.
E．A student graduates after he or she has successfully passed all the required courses.
F．The ACT tests English, math, reading, science reasoning and optional writing.
G．Voluntary participation in these activities shows students have learned valuable life lessons.
文章大意：虽然美国大学的招生政策不同，但是大多数都要求高中学业、GPA、社会活动、SAT或ACT考试分数、书面论文或者个人面试。
1．B 前面提到了GPA，所以应该选择B项或者D项；D项与数字相连应该是第二空的内容。所以选B项。
2．D 见上题解析。
3．G 前面讲到高中生在业余时间从事的活动。所以G项“these activities”与之照应。
4．F 前面讲的是SAT以及ACT，所以F项符合语境。
5．C 前面的“essay”与C项照应。
十六
(2014·大庆市二模)
Ways to save time
We all wish we had just a bit more time. Just think what you could do with an extra hour or two each day: you could finally stick to an exercise routine, or spring-clean the house, or write your novel, or learn the guitar, or get a new qualification. __1__ But I can help you find more hours in your day for the things that really matter.
·__2__
If you normally get up at 7：30 am try getting up at 7：00 am. That half-hour might not sound like much, but it could be time that you use to exercise, to read that book you've been meaning to finish, or simply to get your day off to a calm and organized start.
·Do the important tasks first.
Once you get to work, get the important ones done first (not the easy ones, or even the urgent ones). You can afford to spend at least an hour working on big, important tasks rather than on all those little urgent ones.
__3__ The urgent tasks will still get done, and you won't miss the important ones.
·Reduce interruptions.
If colleagues have a habit of hanging around your desk to chat, or if the phone is constantly ringing, you might find that it takes you half the day to finish a simple task like writing a letter. Constant interruptions don't just eat up time, they also break your concentration.
When you've got a big task to focus on, let your calls go to voicemail. __4__ Wearing headphones makes it less likely that people will try to start a conversation.
·Stay focused on your work.
A few minutes chatting, browsing the web, and so on, can easily turn into hours of wasted time over the course of a day.__5__ If your concentration is slipping, take a proper break. And if you're facing a difficult task, try breaking it into small steps or stages so that it's easier to deal with.
A．When you're working, work.
B．Take breaks when necessary.
C．If you have an office door, close it.
D．Get out of bed earlier.
E．If you work like this, you'll usually save time.
F．Would you want me to make your day longer?
G．I can't magically make all your days 25 hours long.
文章大意：本文介绍了节省时间的方法。
答案：
1．G 由后文“但是我能帮你找到更多的时间”可知，此空应该是G项“虽然我不能魔幻地让你一天有25小时”符合语境。
2．D 该题是本段的主题句，所以早起床符合语境。
3．E 先做重要的事会节省你的时间。
4．C 该空所在段讲的是避免被打扰的方式，所以C项“关上办公室的门”符合语境。
5．A 与该段主题句“Stay focused on your work”照应的是A项。
十七
(2014·长春市第三次调测)
Trust has been considered as the basis of any relationship, including friendship. No relationship can last long with a lack of trust. Not many of your friends will have real faith in you as you would like to believe.__1__ Sometimes, it takes years, even a complete lifetime, to trust someone. However, how do we know if our friends have faith in us?
__2__ With whom will you share things that you don't want everyone to know? It would be with a close friend, whom you trust as much as you trust yourself. While a few of your friends may be fiercely protective of their privacy and may not tell their secrets to anyone, those who do, surely find you trustworthy and reliable.
Whom do you look up to for advice when you need it the most? It has to be either your parents or your friends. __3__ This is a shining example of trust. You only seek advice from people you hold in high regard and find dependable. The friends who trust you will never forget to include you in the important decisions of their life.
Arguments and heated discussions are a part of every relationship, and this is also true for friendship. __4__ While some people find it difficult to forgive and forget, your friends will never have problems moving on. It is because they trust you and believe that you will never cause any pain to them on purpose.
There are times in life when you find yourself a lonely soldier. __5__ Your friends will never let you down and will strongly stand for you when you need encouragement. You can determine that they trust you and believe in your beliefs, if they side with you when you need them the most.
A．People can be extraordinarily jealous sometimes.
B．You know they will never pass on a wrong suggestion.
C．In fact, winning trust is, by far, the most challenging aspect of relationships.
D．Two people cannot have identical reactions to a situation and different opinions do exist.
E．No matter how close you are to your friends, you cannot take that comfort level for granted.
F．If your friends share their secrets, there's a good possibility that they have much faith in you.
G．However, people who are fortunate to have been blessed with true friends are never alone in any battle.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，告诉读者信任是联系的纽带和基础，以及在生活中如何才能知道我们的朋友是否信任我们。
1．C 考查考生对上下文顺承关系的理解能力。由第一段最后两句 “Not many of your friends will have real faith in you as you would like to believe. __1__ Sometimes, it takes years, even a complete lifetime, to trust someone.” 可知。答案中的信息与画线部分信息吻合。
2．F 考查考生对段落大意的概括能力。本句是主题句，概括下文。“With whom will you share things that you don't want everyone to know? It would be with a close friend, whom you trust as much as you trust yourself.”
3．B 考查考生对上下文因果关系的理解能力。上文说你想征求他人意见时最想找的是你的父母或朋友，下文答案接着给出找他们的原因是你知道他们不会害你，故选B。
4．D 考查考生对上下文顺承关系的理解能力。根据本段第一句 “Arguments and heated discussions are a part of every relationship, and this is also true for friendship” 可知。答案中的信息与画线部分信息吻合。
5．G 考查考生对上下文转折关系的理解能力。本答案的上文说人生中有时候你会感到孤独，下文则说真正的朋友绝不会让你失望或沮丧，故为转折关系，并且答案句的开头又有提示词However，因此选G。
十八
(2014·石家庄市二模)
Surprising Benefits of Having a Dog
Dogs offer more than just companionship. If you're considering getting a pooch, check out these surprising benefits of having a dog.
1．You'll exercise more.
Owning a dog can motivate you to exercise every day. On those days when it might be easy to skip a workout, looking at your dog standing by the door waiting to go for a walk can give you the push you need to get out there. __1__
2.Your social life may improve.
Not only does walking your dog help you to get exercise, it might also help you get a date. __2__ Going to the dog park or taking your dogs to run errands can also lead to strangers striking up conversations with you about your dog.
3.Your heart will be healthier.
Studies show that petting a dog lowers a person's heart rate. __3__ In fact, some researches show that dog owners are much more likely to survive a heart attack compared to non-dog owners. Male pet owners in particular tend to experience a reduced rate of heart disease.
4.You're less likely to feel depressed.
__4__ Dog owners are less likely to depressed. Dog owners who have been diagnosed with clinical depression aren't likely to be as depressed as other people. Caring for a dog helps relieve symptoms of depression and encourages people to be more positive.
5.__5__
Dogs can be effective home security system. Just knowing that you've got a dog who can use its keen sense of hearing to detect anyone walking around can help increase your sense of security, which is good for both your mental and physical health.
A．You'll feel safer.
B．Dogs can replace security system.
C．You can never imagine your dog can be of so much benefit.
D．Therefore, dog owners are more likely to have a healthy heart.
E．The benefits of dog ownership extend to your mental health as well.
F．People are more likely to stop and talk with you when you're walking a dog.
G．Taking your dog for a 30 minute walk every day can greatly improve your health.
文章大意：养条宠物狗好处多多。
1．G 根据上句“...your dog...waiting to go for a walk”可知，带狗外出散步可以连接上文。
2．F 与上文“a date”以及该段主题句“Your social life may improve”照应的是F项，在你遛狗时，人们很可能会停下来和你交谈。
3．D 与主题句“Your heart will be healthier”相照应，以及空前的“...lowers a person's heart rate”可知，选D项，狗的主人的心脏会更加健康。
4．E 由该段主题句“You're less likely to feel depressed ”可知，E项心理健康符合语境。
5．A 该空为该段的主题句。由该段的“security”可知，A项“你会更加安全”符合语境。
课件49张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题四七选五阅读该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中(均为完整的句子)选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式体现了《新课标》“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
一、选材特点。
一般为280－300词左右的说明文或议论文，单纯以时间或事件为线索的记叙文不宜于考查逻辑思维能力，一般较少出现。
二、设空特点。
设空类型一般有标题类、主题句类、承上启下类、概括总结类及其他类。
三、选项特点。
该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。
通常有三个四个位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。有时有的答案表述上就是错误的，可以直接从备选项中清除，以降低难度。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
不同的文章有不同的结构形式，确定文章体裁有利于我们确定各段之间的关系。一般说来，记叙文的语言是按时间发展顺序或因果关系排列的，常用的连接词有：then, later, after that, soon, after a while, in the end, so, as a result, because of that等。说明文常采用总—分—总的结构形式，第一段说明要说明的主题，下面几段多是从不同的角度来说明问题，最后总结，所以各段之间多是平行关系，经常出现举例说明的现象。
议论文先抛出议题，然后从正反两个方面进行讨论，最后得出结论。新闻体裁的应用文首句为主题句，下面展开细节性的报道。确定文章体裁有利于预测文章各段主要内容和结构形式，形成重要的选择依据。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，说明文和议论文这样体裁的文章，每段的第一句多是主题句。找到主题句有助于帮助确定选择的范围，即所选句子必须和该段主题一致。另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现。文章的衔接手段有：重复式用某一词语或子范畴的词语，使用同义语表达，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复等。上述方法有助于段落的思路平稳在句子之间过渡。连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语融为一体。段落一致与句子衔接是文章连贯的两个必要因素。步骤五：区分相似项。
七选五备选答案中有两个多余的选项，会对文章中两个空的选择构成干扰，这时要特别细致地比对相似选项，方法和答阅读理解时区分相似项一样。
步骤六：用代入法，检查答案是否合理。
将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。
从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”可以把该题型分为如下三类：主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)。
一、细节类题型解题技巧
1．词汇的衔接
(1)词汇复现
复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。
【例1】 The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly.Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses.__72__ So they are called “diseases of civilization”．Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.
A．Stone Age people lived a simple life.
B．But today, we enjoy eating a lot of these.
C．In that case, they would live much healthier.
D．Ancient people also got lots of physical exercise.
E．These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.
F. People today probably don't want to live like our ancestors.
G．Modern people used to suffer from “diseases of civilization”.
解析：E项的sicknesses与72空前的sicknesses属于同词复现。
答案：E【例2】 On the other hand, the advantages of going overseas may include day-to-day opportunities to learn a new culture, meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language, and chances to see different parts of the world.________ Those disadvantages include expense, time away from one's school, family，...
A．The following are its advantages.
B．However, there may be a number of disadvantages.
C．Consider a distance education.
D．Most of us are adapted to studying at school.
解析：第一句话中有advantages，与B项属于反义词复现。空后的Those disadvantages与B项中的disadvantages属于同词复现。
答案：B
(2)同范畴词出现
同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。
【例3】 Everybody gets stressed time to time. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. __72__ They might have had similar problems such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.
A．Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.
C．Different people feel stress in different ways
E．You need to figure out what the problem is.
F．And don't forget about your friends.
解析：72空前有trusted adult(可以相信的人)＝该空前的父母、亲戚；还有朋友(And...friends)。所以F项正确。
答案：F
(3)代词线索
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子；these 或those指代前句的复数名词。
【例4】 __73__ They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger，...
A．Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.
B．He said that laughter is much healthier than anger.
C．Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.
解析：73空后的they与A项doctors照应。
答案：A
【例5】 __72__ Their anger might be so strong that they lose control of their temper. They may act in ways unacceptable and hurtful. People may say that someone has trouble controlling their temper. __73__
E．In fact, they usually mean that a kid behaves badly when feeling angry.
G．Some kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids.
解析：72空后的Their照应G项中的Some kids；73空前的people照应E项中的they。
答案：72.G 73.E2．逻辑关系的衔接
过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：
·A.并列关系：First(ly)，Second(ly)，...；First, then/ next，...；In the first place, in the second place...；for one thing, for another thing，...；then /next, finally/last 等。
·B.递进关系：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, what's more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not...but..., not only...but also等。
·C.解释例证关系：for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words /that is to say等。
·D.因果关系： so /therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such...that...，so that...等。
·E.转折对比关系：but, however, yet, while /though, or /otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, yet, on the contrary, in contrast/comparison 等。
·F.概括归纳关系：in short, in brief, in summary, generally speaking, in general, to conclude, in conclusion, in a word, on the whole, to sum up 等。
【例6】 ________ Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.
A．You must write your notes on separate paper.
B．There are three practical note-taking methods.
C．First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.
解析：空后的second明确暗示前面为first。
答案：C
二、 篇章结构类题解题技巧
根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略
1．如果问题在段首
通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。
【例7】 (2010·新课标全国卷)__73__
When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.
A．Show your true interest.
B．Restate the question with respect.
C．Some ideas can be quite concrete.
解析：所在空为该段大意。
答案：A
2．如果问题在段尾
通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。If you sleep on your stomach，you are a rather secretive person.You worry a lot and you're always easily upset.You always stick to your own opinions or judgment，but you aren't very ambitious(上进心)．__4__ This means that you enjoy having a good time.
If you sleep curled up，you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and so you're often delusive.You're shy and you don't normally like meeting people.You prefer to on your own. You're easily hurt.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality.__5__ You're usually careful.You believe in yourself.You sometimes feel anxious，but you don't often get sad.You always say what you think even if it makes people rather angry.A．You're quite shy and you aren't quite sure of yourself.
B．You know your strengths and weakness.
C．Normally people seldom change their sleeping position.
D．Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.
E．Maybe you don't want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up.
F．You usually live for today not tomorrow.
G．In a normal night，of course，people frequently change their positions.文章大意：本文主要讨论各种睡眠姿势反映出的各种性格。
答案：
1．D 空后：名词词组secret personality, don't show。
2．G 空前position，空后important position, the one, 等。说明空中要填入的选项含有此类词汇。
3．A 关键词：never express your real feelings。
4．F 关键词：aren't very ambitious(上进心)。空后，you enjoy having a good time。
5．B 空前句中的关键词：well-balanced, 空后为careful。二
Most drinks stating that they are fruit-flavored (水果味道的) contain no fruit at all, while most of the rest contain only a small quantity of fruit, according to a study carried by the British Food Commission.
“Shoppers need to check the labels(标签)before buying drinks, though sometimes the actual content can be non- existent，” said Food Commission spokesperson Lan Tokelove. “Food production is highly competitive.__1__ It will increase profits, and consumers won't always realize they are being tricked.”
Flavorings are focused on the flavors of natural food products such as fruits, meats and vegetables, or creating flavor for food products that do not have the desired flavors.Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores.__2__ Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruit.In addition, each juice box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar.__3__ Let's take jam as an example. Some strawberry- flavored jam was labeled as containing no artificial colors, flavors, or sweeteners, but it contained absolutely no strawberries at all.
__4__ Consumers have the rights to know clearly about what they have bought.Under current UK law, food packages do not have to distinguish between natural and artificial flavoring. “Describing a product as strawberry flavor and covering the surface of the packed with pictures of strawberries is misleading. __5__ Unfortunately, it is also legal and widespread，” Tokelove said.
A．The products which contain real fruit are popular with people.
B．Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit.
C．They found that about 60 percent of them didn't contain any fruit at all.
D．If companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so.
E．It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the products.
F．Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at all.
G．The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging.答案：
1．D 这是五题中最简单的一道。选项中的costs 和profits都与金钱，属于同一范畴概念。另一层对应是逻辑上的，空格前面讲到竞争力大，空后讲到能增加利润，又不让顾客发现。所以他们会通过添加其他香料来节约成本。属于解释型逻辑关系。
2．C 从数字60 percent，空后11和空前的28可以推出此空与数字有关。再从空中的them和空后的the 11 products可以推测前面提到了products，这属于数字线索。
3．B 这道题是很明显的例证关系，由观点到例子的做题模式。从后句中的was labeled as containing no artificial colors, but it contained absolutely no strawberries at all可得出后面是具体以草莓产品为例子，fruit对应strawberries, natural对应artificial，也属于同一范畴类，再从出题位置上，为段首，一般为总结性语言。所以，答案很好锁定。
4．G 此题空后讲到顾客有权利，上面应该是权力机构的要求。也就是Consumers have the rights和The Food Commission是同一范畴词汇对应；第二层对应为：选项中的空后的clearly和空中的should be listed on the packaging为对应关系。
5．F 此题有两层对应。第一层对应是：空格后面的，strawberries是和空中的strawberries；第二层对应是：misleading和空中的Actually tiny percentage of strawberry属于例证关系。专题五
一
(2014·新课标Ⅱ)
My dream school starts at 8∶30 a．m. and ends at 3∶30 p．m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn't need to do so many homework. Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.
My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.
答案：
My dream school starts at 8∶30 a．m. and ends at 3∶30 p．m. are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We need to do so homework. Therefore, we have more time after-school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half and play sports for one hour every day.
My dream school like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and . They are not only our teachers but also our friends.
二
(2014·浙江)
I was taking a train to London's Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.
Before long, a train inspector comes to check out tickets. A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket but became quite upset. Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.
No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. Yet, they had so quickly offered the strangers their help. If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in.
答案：
I was taking a train to London's Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was and filled with people.
Before long, a train inspector to check out tickets. A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket became quite upset. Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from owner. The person who found ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.
No one in the carriage had spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. Yet, they had so quickly offered the their help. If we could show concern to others need, the world would be a better place to live in.
三
(2014·陕西)
My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.
One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky—they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.
That day I didn't learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!
答案：
My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My uncles all along with bows and arrows for hunting.
One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles jumped up and shot their arrows the bird. of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows flying down at us from the sky—they like rain! We ran to escape fortunately no one was injured.
That day I didn't learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt impressive lesson about gravity!
四
(2014·四川)
Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate. Don't panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.
答案：
Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk what you should do when a fire alarm off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and . Don't panic or get out of line, and to remain quiet and . Soon the firefighters will come and put out fire. If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing hurt, tell your teacher immediately.
五
(2014·河南省长葛市三模)
The person who has taught me most about the life is my grandmother.She was more than just a grandmother to me.When she died a few years before, I felt I lost a really good friend. She always looked very nice on her age.She did everything she could make me feel at home. She was imaginative and would spend hours telling me stories she has made up.I am sure it was because of her which I became a story writer.Apart from kept a young boy entertained, she taught me a large number of important thing on how to behave.I was rather impatient when I was a child and she taught me that good things happened if I could wait for it.She was a positive person but she also taught me how to look for the good in everything.
答案：
The person who has taught me most about the life is my grandmother. She was more than just a grandmother to me. When she died a few years ， I felt I lost a really good friend. She always looked very nice her age. She did everything she could make me feel at home. She was imaginative and would spend hours telling me stories she made up. I am sure it was because of her I became a story writer. Apart from a young boy entertained, she taught me a large number of important on how to behave. I was rather impatient when I was a child and she taught me that good things happened if I could wait for . She was a positive person she also taught me how to look for the good in everything.
六
(2014·北大附中河南分校五月冲刺)
During last summer holiday, I found part-time job, worked in a toothbrush factory at night. Not until I experienced it, did I realized that it was no easy job. I went to work when my parents were going to bed. On the morning, when my parents were going to work, I came to home to sleep.
This backward schedule was very tough for me that I often felt tiring. But I am glad that I had this forgettable experience. Not only was it kind of fun to “rise and shine” along with the moon or stars, but I also learned to appreciate the hard work of those which are working while the rest of us are sleeping.
答案：
During last summer holiday, I found part-time job, in a toothbrush factory at night. Not until I experienced it, did I that it was no easy job. I went to work when my parents were going to bed. the morning, when my parents were going to work, I came to home to sleep.
This backward schedule was tough for me that I often felt . But I am glad that I had this experience. Not only was it kind of fun to “rise and shine” along with the moon stars, but I also learned to appreciate the hard work of those are working while the rest of us are sleeping.
七
(2014·辽宁省高考压轴卷)
I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs. I was only four when she passes away. She is just a distant memory for me now.
I remember my grandfather very much. He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years. He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful. In a fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me. However, he was the gentlest man I have never known.
答案：
I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to me on her knees and sing old songs. I was only four when she away. She is just a distant memory for me now.
I remember my grandfather very . He was tall, with broad and a beard that turned from black gray over the years. He had a deep voice, which set apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful. In a fact, he even scared my classmates away they came over to play or do homework with me. However, he was the gentlest man I have known.
八
(2014·吉林市三模)
After school, I was about to enter my apartment building when I saw a little dirty dog lie beside the dustbin. He looked extreme weak. Immediately the homeless dog filled me of sympathy, so I decided to take him home. I gave to him some food and a bath. After the bath he looked energetic and refreshed. What a lovely dog!
When my parents got home, I asked that I could keep the dog. To my surprises and happiness, they agreed. Up to now, he has become member of our family. Everyone had enjoyed his company.
Looking at the cute, happy dog today, I realize that I did the right thing. I just offered him a shelter and he has brought ourselves great happiness and laughter.
答案：
After school, I was about to enter my apartment building when I saw a little dirty dog beside the dustbin. He looked weak. Immediately the homeless dog filled me sympathy, so I decided to take him home. I gave to him some food and a bath. After the bath he looked energetic and refreshed. What a lovely dog!
When my parents got home, I asked I could keep the dog. To my and happiness, they agreed. Up to now, he has become member of our family. Everyone enjoyed his company.
Looking at the cute, happy dog today, I realize that I did the right thing. I just offered him a shelter he has brought great happiness and laughter.
九
(2014·豫东、豫北十所名校阶段性测试五)
Last weekend our school hold a sports meeting. Realizing it was our last school sportsmeeting, we decided to make it unforgettable experience.
We first attended the opening ceremony, for whom our class had made a lot of preparations. Much for our excitement, our performance was a success. My classmates took part in various event such as running, high jump and long jump. Due to the hard training the athletes have done before, their performance was very impressively. My classmates applauded and cheered for he athletes, some raising their cameras to capture the excited moments. The result was announced. Our class won the second place and our efforts were paid off ! Cup in hand, we took a picture together proudly. This sports meeting will be a precious memory for all of them as time goes by.
答案：
Last weekend our school a sports meeting. Realizing it was our last school sportsmeeting, we decided to make it unforgettable experience.
We first attended the opening ceremony, for our class had made a lot of preparations. Much our excitement, our performance was a success. My classmates took part in various such as running, high jump and long jump. Due to the hard training the athletes done before, their performance was very . My classmates applauded and cheered for he athletes, some raising their cameras to capture the moments. The result was announced. Our class won the second place and our efforts were paid off ! Cup in hand, we took a picture together proudly. This sports meeting will be a precious memory for all of as time goes by.
十
(2014·河南濮阳市二模)
My mom and I am fighting. We used to get up so well.But these days, she has been arguing with me about me not come home. She thinks I should spend more time help her with the housework instead going out a lot. In her eyes, I'm just a lazy boy whom only loves playing. The fact is that some of my friends and I are going to different school soon, so I want to spend as much time as I can with her now. I know I should try to understand the situation from her point of a view. But I hope she can understand what important these friends are to me.
答案：
My mom and I fighting. We used to get so well. But these days, she has been arguing with me about me not home. She thinks I should spend more time her with the housework instead going out a lot. In her eyes, I'm just a lazy boy only loves playing. The fact is that some of my friends and I are going to different soon, so I want to spend as much time as I can with now. I know I should try to understand the situation from her point of a view. But I hope she can understand important these friends are to me.
十一
(2014·河北冀州中学三模)
At present we are living in a good age. Therefore, there are still a small number of people who don't act responsible. His bad behaviors are out of place in our civilizing society. For an example, some people often risk their lives to disobey traffic rules. Littering is still a serious problem. Some people are often seen to spit in public places. Bad still, it is common to find silly things writing by some tourists in scenic spots.
To my opinion, everyone should learn to become a responsible citizen. We must aware that everything we do in public places will affect others and we should break our bad habits. As long as we obey the rule in every field and are filled with care and love, our world will become better.
答案：
At present we are living in a good age. ， there are still a small number of people who don't act . bad behaviors are out of place in our society. For an example, some people often risk their lives to disobey traffic rules. Littering is still a serious problem. Some people are often seen to spit in public places. still, it is common to silly things by some tourists in scenic spots.
my opinion, everyone should learn to become a responsible citizen. We must aware that everything we do in public places will affect others and we should break our bad habits. As long as we obey the rule in every field and are filled with care and love, our world will become better.
十二
(2014·唐山市二模)
It's a story about a 25-year-old woman named of Emma. She told me she would like to be the artist, but she didn't know how. And she said during the last few years she has worked in a restaurant, waited tables. Anxious to make a change, she asked me in advice.
The following is my suggestions for young people like Emma. First, you should think of ways improve yourselves. It is possibly that you will have more chances if you get some training. Second, get to know more people. New friend bring new information. Last, work towards your goal. It won't take long after you achieve it.
答案：
It's a story about a 25-year-old woman named of Emma. She told me she would like to be artist, but she didn't know how. And she said during the last few years she worked in a restaurant, tables. Anxious to make a change, she asked me advice.
The following my suggestions for young people like Emma. First, you should think of ways improve yourselves. It is that you will have more chances if you get some training. Second, get to know more people. New bring new information. Last, work towards your goal. It won't take long you achieve it.
十三
(2014·贵州省4月适应性考试)
Dear Wu Dong，
Hope you are well.I'm very excited because I've applied for holiday job，teach Chinese conversation in a Senior Student Training Center near Banqkok.I am a bit of worried because I don't know that I should take some presents for the teachers or not.Should I shake hand when I meet people，and just smile? What topics will the students want to talk about? Might you say or do something that will seem rude? This may seem unimportance to you, but I want to plan nothing in advance. So I'd love to know what you think.After all：you had been to Thailand but I haven't.
All the best.
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Wu Dong，
Hope you are well.I'm very excited because I've applied for holiday job， Chinese conversation in a Senior Student Training Center near Banqkok.I am a bit of worried because I don't know I should take some presents for the teachers or not.Should I shake when I meet people， just smile? What topics will the students want to talk about? Might say or do something that will seem rude? This may seem to you，but I want to plan in advance. So I'd love to know what you think.After all：you been to Thailand but I haven't.
All the best.
Li Hua
十四
(2014·山西省第四次四校联考)
Dear Tom，
I am delighted that you have passed the exam successful. What you have gained are the result of your hard work. How time flies! It's two years before you came to study Chinese in Beijing. In the passed two years, you have helped us a lot, without that we couldn't have made great progress in English.
Before you leave, many classmate and I intend to hold a farewell party for you, hope that you can remember the wonderful time we spent together. By the way, the party will be held on this Saturday evening in my house. We can take the No.1 bus at the hotel gate and get off bus at the Booking Building. I will be there meeting you.
We're looking forward to your coming.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Tom，
I am delighted that you have passed the exam . What you have gained the result of your hard work. How time flies! It's two years you came to study Chinese in Beijing. In the two years, you have helped us a lot, without we couldn't have made great progress in English.
Before you leave, many and I intend to hold a farewell party for you, that you can remember the wonderful time we spent together. By the way, the party will be held on this Saturday evening in my house. can take the No.1 bus at the hotel gate and get off bus at the Booking Building. I will be there meeting you.
We're looking forward to your coming.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
十五
(2014·山西省阳泉市二模)
When I was in our school English Corner, I know Li Hua. From then on we became good friend. We had common interest in basketball and often shared their experience about learning English. On weekends we rode to play the basketball together. Now in Senior 3, we seldom play together, or still keep in touch and encourage each other. With the entrance exam comes near, I'm worried about what my life will like as we may go to different universities. But now what doesn't worry me any more because I know just as the old saying go: true friendship will always live on no matter where far apart we are.
答案：
When I was in our school English Corner, I Li Hua. From then on we became good . We had common interest in basketball and often shared experience about learning English. On weekends we rode to play the basketball together. Now in Senior 3, we seldom play together, still keep in touch and encourage each other. the entrance exam near, I'm worried about what my life will like as we may go to different universities. But now doesn't worry me any more because I know just as the old saying ： true friendship will always live on no matter far apart we are.
十六
(2014·长春市第四次调测)
May 1st
I arrived in Christchurch in the morning. My host mother, Jane, met with me at the airport. On our drive home, she asked me many questions my life. He was very kind and had an outgoing personality. I was looking forward to staying with her and her husband, Paul, for ten days. Arrived at her house, I was first shown to my room. It was her son's room, which was away at college. While I was unpacking, I hear Jane calling me to come to lunch. The dishes she served was delicious. After lunch, Paul told me about the history of Christchurch. According to Paul, the four trees standing in center of the city stand for the four ships in which the original settler came here. I wish I had studied the history of the city more thorough before I came.
答案：
May 1st
I arrived in Christchurch in the morning. My host mother, Jane, met with me at the airport. On our drive home, she asked me many questions my life. was very kind and had an outgoing personality. I was looking forward to staying with her and her husband, Paul, for ten days. at her house, I was first shown to my room. It was her son's room, was away at college. While I was unpacking, I Jane calling me to come to lunch. The dishes she served delicious. After lunch, Paul told me about the history of Christchurch. According to Paul, the four trees standing in center of the city stand for the four ships in which the original came here. I wish I had studied the history of the city more before I came.
十七
(2014·河南省中原名校第二次联考)
My parents have always been wonderful to me in every way. Last year my mother becomes very ill so I wanted to be a good daughter but help with the housework. Then I realized why my mum looked so tiring sometimes when I came home in evening from school. I thought she just prepared for breakfast for us in the morning and could then relaxed for the rest of the day. One weekend, after cooking, cleaning, washing clothes and ironing it, I began to appreciate my mum's hard works. My mum is better these days. Therefore, I still help with the housework because I know how it takes to keep our home clean and tidy.
答案：
My parents have always been wonderful to me in every way. Last year my mother very ill so I wanted to be a good daughter help with the housework. Then I realized why my mum looked so sometimes when I came home in evening from school. I thought she just prepared for breakfast for us in the morning and could then for the rest of the day. One weekend, after cooking, cleaning, washing clothes and ironing ， I began to appreciate my mum's hard . My mum is better these days. ， I still help with the housework because I know it takes to keep our home clean and tidy.
十八
(2014·山西大学附中5月)
It is five years now since I graduate from No. 3 High School. Last Saturday, the class that I was on held a get-together, which took us a long time prepare. It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a well time for all of us. We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, remember the time we spent together and the people they were familiar with. It was a pity which some of us were not present as they had gone to abroad for further study, but they called back or sent greeting card from different places.
答案：
It is five years now since I from No. 3 High School. Last Saturday, the class that I was held a get-together, which took us a long time prepare. It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a time for all of us. We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, the time we spent together and the people were familiar with. It was a pity some of us were not present as they had gone to abroad for further study, but they called back or sent greeting from different places.
十九
(2014·河西五市部分普通高中第二次联考)
We interrupt this program to bring you some special news. This afternoon, a truck run into the back of a school bus that it left Central Junior High School at 3 p．m. Badly hurting, ten students and the truck driver were sent to hospital shortly before the accident. Luckily, there was no death. A police came and said that the truck driver and the bus driver weren't drunk, nor could poor weather used to explain the accident. We are still going into the reasons.
This is the seven traffic accident in the city this month. Please be more carefully in driving. More information about the accident will be reported at the five o'clock news report. Now we return you to the music show.
答案：
We interrupt this program to bring you some special news. This afternoon, a truck into the back of a school bus that it left Central Junior High School at 3 p．m. Badly ， ten students and the truck driver were sent to hospital shortly the accident. Luckily, there was no death. police came and said that the truck driver and the bus driver weren't drunk, nor could poor weather used to explain the accident. are still going into the reasons.
This is the traffic accident in the city this month. Please be more in driving. More information about the accident will be reported the five o'clock news report. Now we return you to the music show.
二十
(2014·邯郸市二模)
Last weekend my sister went to the supermarket to buy some groceries. Three hours ago, with full bags of goods in both hands, she headed for nearby bus stop, tired and hungry. She was waiting for the bus while it began to rain. After what seemed ages, came a bus, crowded of passengers. When it was her turn to getting on the bus, someone said, “Sorry, no more rooms.” Quite disappointed, my sister had to take a taxi. Half way home, however, the taxi broke out. Hardly had he got out of the taxi when a bus passed by. It was empty, but she had been missed it! What an unluckily day!
答案：
Last weekend my sister went to the supermarket to buy some groceries. Three hours ， with full bags of goods in both hands, she headed for nearby bus stop, tired and hungry. She was waiting for the bus it began to rain. After what seemed ages, came a bus, crowded passengers. When it was her turn to on the bus, someone said, “ Sorry, no more .” Quite disappointed, my sister had to take a taxi. Half way home, however, the taxi broke . Hardly had got out of the taxi when a bus passed by. It was empty, but she had been missed it! What an day!
二十一
(2014·大连市二模)
Dear students，
In order to show the talents of us students and make our school life colorfully, we have decided to organize Art Week. It will be held on the first week of July. The activities included an exhibition of paintings and photos, performances of short English play and so on. Those which are good at handwriting or singing or paper-cutting will find a good chance to show himself, too. Because you are interested in this, please you sign up for it before June 30th so that we can make necessary arrangements. And all are welcome.
Looking forward to your take an active part.
答案：
Dear students，
In order to show the talents of us students and make our school life ， we have decided to organize Art Week. It will be held the first week of July. The activities an exhibition of paintings and photos, performances of short English and so on. Those are good at handwriting or singing or paper-cutting will find a good chance to show ， too. you are interested in this, please you sign up for it before June 30th so that we can make necessary arrangements. And all are welcome.
Looking forward to your an active part.
二十二
(2014·保定二模)
The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bikes. My brother rode with me sit on the seat behind. As we came to first crossroads a young man and a girl walked up and stopped me. “We've got you at last.” They said happy. And we didn't know them. At no time the young man gave us his explanation. He pointed to the policeman and said, “It is he stopped us about half an hour ago and made us to catch the next offender. So come on, stand here. Hope you don't have to wait as long as we do. Good luck.”
答案：
The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by . My brother rode with me on the seat behind. As we came to first crossroads a young man and a girl walked up and stopped . “We've got you at last.” They said . we didn't know them. no time the young man gave us his explanation. He pointed to the policeman and said, “It is he stopped us about half an hour ago and made us to catch the next offender. So come on, stand here. Hope you don't have to wait as long as we . Good luck.”
二十三
(2014·嘉峪关市一中第六次模拟)
I'd like to tell you what our school had worked out a new program. The purposes of the program is to make our school more beautiful, and to turn our school into the better place for us to study and live in. According on the program, we will plant different kinds of trees, flower and grass around our school. Beside, we will build a small garden in where we can do some reading and take a rest. What's more, some statues of famous people will set up to encourage us work harder. Don't you think it a wonderful program?
答案：
I'd like to tell you our school worked out a new program. The purposes of the program to make our school more beautiful, and to turn our school into better place for us to study and live in. According the program, we will plant different kinds of trees, and grass around our school. ， we will build a small garden in where we can do some reading and take a rest. What's more, some statues of famous people will set up to encourage us work harder. Don't you think it a wonderful program?
二十四
(2014·唐山二模)
One cold evening during the holiday season, a little boy about six or seven was standing out in the front of a store window. The little child has no shoes and his clothes were just rags. A young woman passes by saw the little boy and could read the desire in his pale blue eyes. She took the child by the hand and led him into the store. There she bought her some new shoes and a complete suit of warmly clothing.They came back outside into the street, so the woman told the child to come home and have a happy holiday. The little boy looked her and asked how she was God. She smiled and replied that she was just one of His child.
答案：
One cold evening during the holiday season, a little boy about six or seven was standing out in the front of a store window. The little child no shoes and his clothes were just rags. A young woman by saw the little boy and could read the desire in his pale blue eyes. She took the child by the hand and led him into the store. There she bought some new shoes and a complete suit of clothing. They came back outside into the street, the woman told the child to home and have a happy holiday. The little boy looked her and asked she was God. She smiled and replied that she was just one of His .
二十五
(2014·辽宁省锦州市一模)
Today is Tom's 70th birthday, but there is anybody with him.He feels very disappointing.His sons didn't care for him on this special day.Although the cakes are very delicious, but he doesn't want to touch it.He just wants his children come and see him.Nowadays, many young people are so busy and independent which they seldom visit their parents.But blood is thick than water.Our dear parents brought us up for a lot of difficulty.Thus, we should and must bring happy to them when they become old.
答案：
Today is Tom's 70th birthday, but there is with him. He feels very . His sons care for him on this special day. Although the cakes are very delicious, but he doesn't want to touch . He just wants his children come and see him. Nowadays, many young people are so busy and independent they seldom visit their parents. But blood is than water. Our dear parents brought us up a lot of difficulty. Thus, we should and must bring to them when they become old.
课件50张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题五短文改错
新课标全国卷考试大纲说明明确指出：语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或间接地影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准的一项重要内容。高考短文改错主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性，考查考生的词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等。
一、选材特点。
短文改错的文体多为第一人称记叙文；也有少数文章为议论文。短文一般在10行左右，每行8～12词，共计120词左右。短文改错的语言材料通常取材于考生自己的作品或类似于考生的随笔，且话题常见，篇章结构的难易程度符合中学生的认知水平，即明白易懂，基本上无生僻的语言障碍和怪、偏、难的语句结构。
二、设置特点。
试题的设置特点主要是指考点的分布状况。短文改错所考查的词类覆盖面广，分布合理。其重点是从句法、词法和行文逻辑等三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。有错词、多词、缺词和纠错等四种可能。
错词现象主要出现在名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、介词、主谓一致、代词、词形(指应该用动词、名词还是形容词形式，以及平行结构中词的正确形式)、冠词；缺词现象主要出现在冠词(名词前)、介词(不及物动词后或固定结构中)、助动词、不定式符号to、连词、语义不完整现象等方面；多词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。
三、难度特点。
短文改错试题的难度近年来继续保持平稳，以考查学生书面表达中的常见错误为主，以动词、名词的考查较多，知识覆盖面广。短文改错的句子长度也趋于平稳，但几乎每篇都有一个长达20多个词的句子。
短文改错的目的是测试考生发现、判断、纠正一些词法、句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误的能力。它既能考查考生的词汇和语法方面的能力，也能考查考生的阅读理解能力。其考查的角度可以概括为以下三个方面：
探究一 词法型
词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气、情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。
【例1】 (2013·陕西卷)One Sunday morning we go fishing at a lake. We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.
解析：本句有两处词法错误。1)时态错误。由时间状语One Sunday morning可知本句用一般过去时，故go改为went；2)代词错误。ours此处作定语，修饰名词fishing poles，需用形容词性物主代词，故ours改为our。
【例2】 (2013·四川卷)Today we had a chemistry test. I found the test difficulty, but I tried hardly to do it.
解析：本句有两处词法错误。1)词性错误。根据文意“我发现考试很难”可知需用形容词作补语，故difficulty改为difficult；2)词义错误。根据文意，“我”努力去完成它。hard本身就是副词“努力地”，而hardly则为“几乎不”，故hardly改为hard。
【例3】 (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)He was tall，with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years.
解析：本句有两处词法错误。1)名词单复数错误。根据常理可知“人有两个肩膀”，故shoulder用复数形式；2)介词错误。根据句意可知，这里指黑胡子变成了花白胡子，所以用from...to/into...结构，即toward改为to/into。
探究二 句法型
句法的测试包括：主谓语在人称和数上的一致；名词性从句；定语从句；强调句型；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。
【例4】 (2013·陕西卷)Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and...
解析：此句是主谓一致错误。there be句型的主语是be后的名词或代词，而此处be后的名词是可数名词单数，故用was。
【例5】 (2013·大纲全国卷)He isn't good at talk but he gets on well with other people.
解析：此句是非谓语形式错误。此处at是介词，介词后用动名词，故talk改为talking。
【例6】 (2012·陕西卷)I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing.
【解析】本句有两处错误。1)搭配错误。与某人分享应为share with sb.，故for改为with；2)非谓语形式错误，taking改为taken，此处是非谓语动词作定语用法，photos 与taking呈语态上的被动关系，故用过去分词。
探究三 语篇型
语篇的测试包括：上下文中的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词是否一致；上下文中的逻辑是否一致；上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。
【例7】 (2013·大纲全国卷)My father is hardworking but goes to work in the field every day.
解析：此句是行文逻辑错误。根据句意可知此处表顺承关系，而不是转折关系，故将but改为and。
【例8】 (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)However, he was the gentlest man I have never known.
解析：此句是行文逻辑错误。根据句意“他是我认识的最绅士的人”可知，将never改为ever。
【例9】 (2013·四川卷)But after the test, all of us were called to the teacher's office.
解析：此句是代词一致性错误。根据上下文意可知，只有两个人，故需将all改为both。
短文改错一直是学生在应考时失分较多的题型。这主要是因为设错的内容多为学生在平常进行语言操练时常犯的错误。比如：写作中用到的关键词，语言学习中的负迁移现象，容易忽视的虚词、小品词等。
短文改错题应注重以下技巧：
一、谨记答题原则
(1)“规范性”原则：要严格按照示范规定的符号改错，切勿离开文后的10道横线在原文的字里行间勾勾划划、涂涂改改。要记住“______”、“∧”、“”分别表示错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除。切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。
(2)“四不改”原则：①单词拼写不改。②大小写不改。③词序错误不改(应从错词或少词方面考虑)。④标点符号不改。
(3)“五改动”原则：①忠实于原文原则(不可改变原文的原意)。②错误以改动最少为原则。③虚词以添加或者删除为原则。④实词以改变形式为原则。⑤客观性和唯一性原则(正确内容不能多种表达去替换)。
二、规律常见错误
常见错误：(1)“不一致性”错误
主要包括：主、谓语不一致；时态不一致；语态不一致；名词的单、复数不一致；代词指代不一致；搭配不一致等。
【例1】 (2013·陕西卷)Within the next few minute, my grandfather also caught a fish.
解析：此句是名词的单、复数不一致错误。minute由few修饰，故应用复数形式。
【例2】 (2013·四川卷)I didn't cheat. I was just helping a friend. Why does she punish me?
解析：此句是时态不一致错误。由于整个故事是发生在过去，故does改为did。
【例3】 (2013·辽宁卷)I was eager to see him, but outside her room I stopped.
解析：此句是代词指代不一致错误。指代Mr.Johnson，故应该把her改为his。
常见错误：(2)“行文逻辑”错误
这种错误主要是运用行文逻辑，考查连接手段。谨记两种句式：并列句(并列连词)，复合句(从属连词)；六种关系：转折关系，选择关系，层递关系，并列关系，因果关系，同位关系；一种变化：语义的曲折变化。如：肯定与否定，方位与时空的转移等。【例4】 (2013·陕西卷)I wanted to give up, and my grandfather told me to wait a little longer.
解析：此句是行文逻辑错误。根据句意可知，前后分句之间是转折关系，故and改为but。
【例5】 (2013·四川卷)We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents.
解析：此句是行文逻辑错误。根据句意“她警告我们不要再作弊，否则她要告知我们的父母”可知，此处应把so改为or。
常见错误：(3)“平行结构”错误
平行结构是指两个或更多的词、词组或从句具有相似或相等的句法功能。在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词相配，形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，不定式与不定式相配，短语与短语相配。平行结构经常借助于并列连词and，but，or或连词词组not only...but also...，not...but...，either...or...，neither...nor...，as well as等。【例6】 (2012·全国Ⅰ)For example, how many times have you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television when no one else was there?
解析：此句是谓语不平行错误。根据句法，leave在时态上应和walked保持一致，故leave改为left。
【例7】 Do some nice things for your parents... like cooking, doing the dishing, or clean the floors.
解析：此句是宾语不平行错误。根据句法，clean和cooking, doing一样作介词like的宾语，故clean改为cleaning。
【例8】 On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and buy plants and young trees.
解析：此句是状语不平行错误。根据句法，buy应和to pay gardeners保持一致，故buy前加to。常见错误：(4)“词性、词形”错误
主要包括名词的单复数变化、代词的词形变化以及形容词和副词的词形变化。弄清词性与词性之间的相互修饰关系。比如：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰形容词、动词、分词等。
【例9】 (2013·陕西卷)After waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatiently.
解析：此句是词性错误。get是系动词，后跟形容词作表语，故impatiently改为impatient。
【例10】 (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)He had a deep voice，which set himself apart from others in our small town.
解析：此句是词性错误。根据句意“他深沉的声音把他和别人区别开来”可知，himself应改为him。
【例11】 (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)In fact，he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.
解析：此句是词性错误。during是介词，不能接从句，故该during为when。
常见错误：(5)“动词的变化”错误
主要包括时态的词形变化、被动语态的词形变化、非谓语动词的词形变化以及第三人称单数等。
【例12】 (2013·四川卷)Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers.
解析：此句是谓语动词错误。由句式结构可知，本句需要谓语动词，结合上下文语境可知asking应改为asked。
【例13】 (2013·陕西卷)Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.
解析：此句是非谓语动词错误。feel是感官动词，无被动语态，此处用非谓语动词形式作状语，Felt改为Feeling。
【例14】 (2013·四川卷)After think for some time, I let her copy my answers.
解析：此句是非谓语动词错误。介词after后应跟动名词，故think改为thinking。常见错误：(6)“特殊疑问词”“连词”和“引导词”错误，特别是which和that引导定语从句、抽象名词后面常常跟that引导的同位语从句等。
【例15】 (2013·大纲全国卷)This is how I need to improve in the future.
解析：此句是引导词错误。根据句意“这是我将来所需要提高的地方”可知，how应改为what或where.
【例16】(2013·辽宁卷)That is which other teachers say.
解析：此句是引导词错误。表示其他老师的说话内容要用what，what引导表语从句并作say的宾语。
常见错误：(7)“多词”错误
多词错误一般有如下几种类型：1)受母语思维影响，出现汉语式结构，造成冗言；2)不明词义内涵，造成词义重叠；3)介词多余；4)助动词、系动词多余；5)多冠词；6)定语从句中的成分重复；7)程度副词和频率副词，如much, more, often等的多余；8)多余小品词to等。
【例17】 (2012·陕西卷)As soon as we arrived, so we dropped the lines into the water.
解析：此句是连词多余错误。本句是主从复合句，从句中已经含有连词as soon as，所以主句中不需加并列连词，故去掉so。
【例18】 (2013·大纲全国卷)My mother is very much kind and is friendly to everybody.
解析：此句是副词多余错误。much不能修饰形容词原级，本句也无比较意义，故去掉much。
常见错误：(8)“缺词”错误
缺词现象常见有：1)缺系动词；2)缺介词；3)缺冠词、物主代词等限定词；4)在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词；5)缺连接词；6)缺否定词；7)缺不定式符号to等。
【例19】 (2013·四川卷)The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the test.
解析：此句是定冠词缺失错误。same要和定冠词the 连用，故加the。
【例20】 (2013·大纲全国卷)I'll think quickly and stand to answer.
解析：此句是副词缺失错误。根据句意“站起来回答问题”，故在stand 后加up。一
(2014·新课标Ⅰ)
Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden. Since then—for all these year—we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As result, the plants are growing somewhere.
The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!We've called several time about Cleo's early morning barking. It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside. The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5 o'clock. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.
We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.
Sincerely,
Jack and Rose 课件23张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题六书面表达第一讲 提纲类 专题六
1.命题特点：
(1)常以短文提示、要点提示和表格提示三种形式呈现。
(2)写作内容用文字的形式呈现，明确了写作范围和考生的表达思路。这几年的变化在于开放性逐步增强，要求考生不能逐条翻译，可以适度增加细节和自由发挥，表达自己的观点等。
(3)考查形式多样，常见形式有书信、报道、通知等应用文，兼顾说明文、议论文和记叙文等其他文体。
2.解题关键：
(1)审题准确。要做到认真审题，明确写作的主题和话题要求、表达的人称、时态、格式等，做到准确无误。
(2)层次清晰。合理安排文章结构，理顺表达的内容，做到要点齐全，层次清晰。
(3)拓展有度。每一个要点可以作为文章的一个段落层次，段落的展开应围绕提纲的中心内容，不能偏离，也不能任意增减，要点拓展要适度。
(4)表达少错。对于写作中遇到的难点句式，或者不能准确表达的要点，要做到灵活变通，用自己熟悉的句式来表达要点，避免语言错误，这是表达的第一要求。简言之，尽量减少各种表达错误。
(5)句式多变。表达中要做到句式灵活多变，长短互补，复合句与简单句交叉使用，使句式表达灵活多样，富于变化。
(6)衔接顺畅。在列出提纲，打好草稿后，要加入适当的衔接词，使得句式之间衔接自然、通顺流畅。
3．写作素材：
提纲式作文的常用句型
(1)开头
With the development of...
I think/feel that...
It is often said that...
I'm for the opinion that...
It goes without saying that...
There's a widespread concern about/that...
There's no immediate solution to the problem of... but... might be of help.
It can be easily proved that...(2)连接句
Another special consideration in this case is that...
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to...
Besides, we should not neglect that...
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information...
On account of this we can find that...
(3)结束语
Taking all these factors into account, we may safely reach the conclusion that...
【例】(2013·山东高考)
假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你的美国朋友Tom一周前给你发来电子邮件，询问你暑假里的打算，但你因准备期末考试未能及时回复。请根据以下要点给他回封邮件：
1.未及时回信的原因；
2.你假期的打算(如做兼职、旅行、做志愿者等)。
注意：1.词数：120～150个；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
审题
炼句
1.问候近况。
a．(一般表达)
We have not seen each other for a long time. Are you allright?
b．(强调句)
It is for a long time that we haven't seen each other. How is everything going on with you?
2．因忙于准备考试未及时回信道歉。
a．(一般表达)
I'm busy preparing for the exam so I didn't write you back in time. I am sorry that I didn't reply without delay.
b．(虚拟语气＋adj.＋ for me that... )
It's important (of great importance ) for me to make full preparations for the final exam last week. Therefore, I couldn't spare enough time to write you back in time.
3．暑假活动安排：(1)兼职(2)旅行(3)做志愿者。
a．(一般表达)
I will do a lot of things in the summer vacation. Firstly I will do a part-time job. Secondly, I will pay a visit to Beijing. Thirdly, I will work as a volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant.
b．(灵活句式，拓展延伸)
By the way, I have a busy schedule for my summer vacation. (主题句) First and foremost, I would do a part-time job, so that my interpersonal skills would be improved. (拓展句1)Additionally, I will take a short trip to Beijing to take a summer course in the New Oriental School. (拓展句2) Last but not least, maybe I will work as a volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant. (拓展句3)
4．结尾盼复
a．(一般表达)
These are my plans for the summer vacation. What about yours? I am looking forward to your earliest reply.
b．(虚拟语气)
I am looking forward to hearing from you. And I would appreciate it very much if you could give me an early reply.
成篇
It is for a long time that we haven't seen each other. How is everything going on with you?
I'm writing this letter to express my apology to you for not giving you a reply in time. It's of great importance for me to make full preparations for the final exam last week. Therefore, I couldn't spare enough time to write you back in time.By the way, I have a busy schedule for my summer vacation. First and foremost, I would do a part-time job, so that my interpersonal skills would be improved. Additionally, I will take a short trip to Beijing to take a summer course in the New Oriental School. Last but not least, maybe I will work as a volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant.
I am looking forward to hearing from you. And I would appreciate it very much if you could give me an early reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua(2014·沈阳市二模)
假定你是李华，加拿大休伦学院的师生正在你校交流学习。请你根据以下要点用英文写一封电子邮件，邀请他们来参加你校的英语才艺秀。
时间：周五下午2∶00～5∶00
地点：学校礼堂
内容：观看演出，包括英文歌曲演唱，诗朗诵，短剧表演等
备注：结束后到食堂就餐
欢迎参加
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头、结尾已写好，不计入总词数；
3.参考词汇：才艺秀talent show 礼堂auditorium 诗朗诵poem recitations
答案：
本篇书面表达是一封电子邮件。写好本文一定要注意：(1)要点齐全；(2)给出的内容要点是还未发生的时间，因此时态上用将来时为宜；(3)邀请对方到你校参加，因此人称上用第一人称为佳。此外，为了更好地达到写作要求，恰当合理地使用一些连接词，如：and，after等，以使行文更加连贯流畅。当然最后不要忘记，既然是邀请，在作文的结尾处还要写出“诚意邀请”，即盼望客人参与。课件24张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题六书面表达第二讲 图画类 专题六
1.命题特点：
(1)图画式作文要求考生将画面所包含的信息转换成文字，旨在避免考生汉语式思维，要求考生直接用英语思维。它要求通过图画提供的图像信息写一篇短文，包括叙述一个故事，或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出结论。
(2)图画式作文就内容而言，可以写观察到的内容，也可以根据合理想象适当进行发挥来补充一些内容。
(3)图画作文就表达方式而言，可以单纯地理解、说明，也可以在说明中加以描写、叙述。
(4)图画作文的形式不局限于某一类型的图，如漫画、广告，也包括其他图片、照片等情景材料。图画式作文要求考生不仅具有一定的观察分析能力，还要有较强的语言表达能力、想象力和逻辑思维能力。
2.解题关键：
(1)准确审题。这是看图作文写作的基础。准确审题就是注意文体、人物和时态，人称、时态的呼应要通篇考虑。
(2)把握情境。这是看图作文的关键。要根据图画合理想象，围绕特定的主题，把握情景，(利用图中人物间的关系、人物的对话、人物的活动及所处场所，以及图中的文字说明和标识来)提炼要点等。
(3)表达地道。一定要根据自己掌握的词汇与熟悉的句型结构构思短文内容，并直接用英语表达，千万不要先想好一句句的中文，然后逐句译成英文，那样就往往会超出自己的英语水平，作文中就会出现汉语式英语句子，难免会出错。
(4)感想适度。看图作文往往需要发表感想，围绕主题展开合理的想象，发表自己的联想或感想。对于与图画无关的事要少写，话要少说。
3.写作素材，常用写作模板：
From the picture/In the picture/Looking at the picture, we can see it's about a person who ________(人物). It's ________(时间或地点). He/She is/They are doing ________(事件).
Something occurs to me. ________(漫画中人物) should ________ and shouldn't ________(个人观点). As we all know, at present/in the society most people ________(联系生活实际). Besides, some people ________(继续议论).
In my opinion, the government/the school/we should take measures to/something must be done to ________(采取措施). Only in this way can the problem be really solved./Only when everybody can do so will our world become more and more beautiful.【例】 (2013·福建高考)
孩子的成长和教育是社会热议的话题，现今父母包揽一切、孩子过度依赖等现象十分严重。请阅读下面的漫画，按要求用英文写一篇短文。 内容要求：1.描述漫画内容；
2．分析漫画所揭示的问题；
3．提出你的看法。
注意：1.短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2．考生可适当发挥，使文章内容充实、连贯；
3．词数120左右；
4. 文中不能出现考生的具体信息。
参考词汇：铺路 pave the way审题
炼句
1．漫画内容：妈妈在前，爸爸在后，儿子在中间。
a．(一般表达)We can see from the picture that the mother is paving the way in the front and the son is walking proudly in the middle，while the father is serving the son attentively.
b．(分词作状语)
Seeing/Judging from the picture we can see a family of three walking on a long red carpet. The son, well dressed, waves proudly in the middle while the father behind bends forward to hold the jacket and the mother in the front paving the way, sweating.2．揭示现象：家长以孩子为中心。为孩子铺路，做好一切。
a．(一般表达)Children are the focus of families. Parentsusually do everything for them.
b．(名词性从句)
It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families. Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.
3．孩子过于依赖父母，缺乏独立性。
a．(一般表达)Children depend too much on their parents and lack independence.
b．(状语从句)
As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas.4.个人观点：不要溺爱孩子，应该让他们克服困难，独立发展。
a．(一般表达) In my opinion, parents shouldn't give children too much care and love. Instead, they should encourage their children to overcome difficulties and inspire them to develop by themselves.
b. (多变句式)
As far as I'm concerned, overprotection and too much care are extremely bad for children's development. Instead of doing everything for them, parents should encourage their children to overcome difficulties and inspire them to develop by themselves. 成篇
Seeing/Judging from the picture we can see a family of three walking on a long red carpet. The son, well dressed, waves proudly in the middle while the father behind bends forward to hold the jacket and the mother in the front paving the way, sweating.
It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families. Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success. As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas.
Such a situation is of great concern. In my opinion, overprotection and too much care are extremely bad for children's development. Instead of doing everything for them, parents should encourage their children to overcome difficulties and inspire them to develop by themselves. Only in this way can they grow up independently and become truly successful.(2014·青海省西宁五中片区大联考)
请观察所给的图画并根据你对该图画的理解写一篇英语短文，内容包括：
(1)简要描述图片，并说明该图片所揭露的现象；
(2)分析造成该现象的原因(至少两点)；
(3)提出自己的看法。
要求：1. 词数120左右。开头已经给出，不计入词数。
2. 文章中不得提及考生所在学校及本人姓名。
The Internet has long been regarded as a wonderful tool that allows students to gain insight to useful resources and information. However, this is not always the case. ________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
As is vividly shown in the picture, a boy is happy with the fact that he can depend on the Internet to finish tasks without any difficulty. It mirrors a common phenomenon. Nowadays, students tend to make use of the Internet to gain information they need.
There are some reasons accounting for it. To begin with, students find it convenient to surf the Internet for useful information, where problems can be solved with the help of several clicks. What's more, there's no doubt that the pressure to succeed also causes students to turn to computers for accurate answers. As a result, it's likely that students will lose interest in studying, which is not beneficial to their overall development.
In my opinion, measures must be taken to solve the problem. Firstly, it is vital that students gain confidence in themselves and their abilities while doing tasks. Besides, what teachers and parents should do is encourage students to be creative. Finally, doing tasks independently is of great significance.课件28张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题六书面表达第三讲 图表类 专题六
1.命题特点：
(1)体裁多以议论文和说明文为主。
(2)根据图表的呈现方式不同，可分为柱状图、曲线图、数字表格和饼状图四类。题目一般要求学生通过图表中的数据和提示点明主题，完成写作任务。
(3)主要考查学生三方面的能力：看图、识图，信息处理、整合信息的能力；遣词造句的能力；连句成篇的能力。
2.解题关键：
(1)认真读图。认真阅读图表，无论是曲线图，还是流程图、柱状图、饼状图还是平面图，都要仔细观察，理解图表的真正含义，不能有偏差。
(2)把握要点。在读图的基础上，全面掌握信息，着手分析这些信息或数据，通过分析对比，确定表达要点。
(3)明确主题。图表作文常常需要开门见山，直接点明图表要反映的主题。
(4)灵活表达。对图表的内容进行分析，可通过分类或对比来表现主题，并阐明必要的理由。切忌反复使用同一句型或反复出现图表中的数据，否则文章会显得毫无生气。要注意变换叙述的方式，使用不同的词语及句式。
(5)照应总结。文章结尾既是对上文内容的概括提升，又要根据自己的观点提出建议或者发表评论，应该照应上文，呼应全篇。
3．写作素材：
(一)图表作文的一般结构
第一、开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题
常用句型：
(1)The graph/chart/table above shows...
(2)From the above graph/chart, it can be seen that...
(3)As is shown in the graph...
(4)It has been shown from the table that...
第二、分析描写数据间的主要差异及趋势
常用句型：
(1)There was a great/slight increase/rise in...
(2)The rate dropped slightly from 38% in... to 31% in...
(3)Statistics show a 20% rise/reduction in traffic accidents compared with last year.
(4)The population owning mobile phones increased by 10%in 1999.第三、归纳总结或发表评论
常用句型：
(1)In a word/In short(简而言之)，...
(2)Generally speaking(总的来说)，...
(3)In summary, it is important...
(4)From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that...
(5)I suggest(建议)the government take effective measures to...
(6)Personally, I think the “golden week” should remain，for...
(二)常用模板1 陈述观点类
As is shown in the table/picture, ________ has been on the increase/decrease，significantly/dramatically rising/decreasing from _______ in _______ to _______ in _______. From this sharp rise/decline in the chart，it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ________. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, ________ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for ________. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the reasons mentioned above are commonly convincing. As far as I am concerned，I hold the point of view that ________. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well grounded.(三)常用模板2 描述图表内容类写作模板
The chart gives us an overall picture of the ________(图表主题). The first thing we notice is that ________(图表最大特点). This means that as ________(进一步说明)．
We can see from the statistics given that ________(图表细节一). The figures also tell us that ________(图表细节二). In the ________ column, we can see that ________ accounts for ________(进一步描述)．
Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that ________(结论). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned, is that ________(给出原因). It is high time that we ________(发出倡议)．【例】(2012·江苏高考)
生活中冲突时有发生。假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执，导致关系紧张。请你结合此事，并根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，向学校英文报“Happy Teens”专栏投稿。
注意：
1．对所有要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。
2．词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。
3．作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。
Conflicts with others are common in everyday life.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________审题炼句
1．在昨天下午的篮球比赛当中，苏华和李江在抢球时因相互碰撞而发生争执。
a．(一般表达)During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other when they tried to catch the ball.
b．(现在分词作状语)During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the bail.
2．说实话，是苏华的错，但是李江也应负一定的责任。
a．(一般表达)To be honest，it was Su Hua's fault. Li Jiang was also to blame.
b．(用连词合并以上两个句子，适当增加连接上下文的衔接词)
To be honest, it was Su Hua' s fault but Li Jiang was also to blame.
3．要避免这样的冲突，我们就应该对他人友好，这一点对于享受和谐的生活是非常重要的。
a．(一般表达)To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another. This is essential to enjoy a harmonious life.
b．(用定语从句合并上句)To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoy a harmonious life.
4.只有这样我们才能与他人和谐相处。
a．(一般表达)We can live in harmony with others only in this way.
b．(倒装句)Only in this way can we live in harmony with others.
c．(unless引导的条件状语从句)We can't live in harmony with others unless we practise in this way.成篇
Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the ball. Then they started shouting and yelling, and it turned into a horrible quarrel.
To be honest, it was Su Hua's fault but Li Jiang was also to blame—they were not calm enough and both said some really mean things. They cared too much about winning and losing. As a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.
To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoy a harmonious life. It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society. Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.
Don't be self-centered and try to be considerate. We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely. Only in this way can we live in harmony with others.(2014·辽宁省锦州市一模)
随着人们生活水平的提高，越来越多的人拥有了自己的汽车。你班同学就此展开讨论，提出两种不同的观点和看法。请你根据所提供的信息给报社写一封信，客观介绍这两种看法。注意：1.词数100左右。开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Others have different opinions. They think that cars give off waste gas and pollute the environment. Too many cars will have some bad effects, such as more accidents. Besides, overloaded parking cars is another big problem.
In my view, people should think carefully before they buy a car.
Yours truly,
Li Hua 专题六 第4讲
一
(2014·新课标Ⅰ)
假定你是李华，计划暑假期间去英国学习英语，为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况(箭头所指内容)。
注意：1.词数 100 左右。
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 参考词汇： 住宿－accommodation
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：
Dear Sir/Madam，
I am a student in China and I plan to go to British to attend a summer school during the vacation. I've seen your ad，and I'd like to know something more about your six-week English course.First，when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week? Besides，I wish there would not be many students in a class. I'd also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.Would there be host family or university dormitory?
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours faithfully
Li Hua
二
(2014·辽宁)
假定你是学生会主席李华。学校将举办一次以“校园生活·创意无限”(Innovations on Campus)为主题的创意作品展评活动。请你根据以下图示，以短文形式用英语写一份书面通知。
注意： 1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯；
3.开头及结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇： 校园campus 创意作品innovation
颁奖prize-giving
An exciting event “Innovations on Campus” is around the corner.__________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Come on, everybody! It's your show time.
Student Union
答案：
Notice
An exciting event “Innovations on Campus” is around the corner. Everyone of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills.
Note that your innovations must be school things. Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.
All the collections will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym. Looking forward to the prize-giving ceremony? Sure! It'll be held from 15：00 to 17：00 on June 18. So don't miss the chance of being the winner. Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. For any questions, call Li Hua at 44876655.
Come on, everybody! It's your show time.
Student Union
三
(2014·江西)
假定你是星光中学的高中毕业生李华，母校将为高一新生举办主题为“What to learn in senior high school？”的英语沙龙活动，特邀请你结合自身经历谈谈自己的体会。请根据以下提纲准备一份英语发言稿。
1．学会学习：方法、习惯等；
2．学会做人：真诚、友善等；
3．其他方面：考生自拟。
注意：1. 词数120左右；
2. 发言稿开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Good morning, everyone! It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.
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Thank you!
答案：
Good morning, everyone! It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on learn in senior high school.
In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging. Firstly, we should learn to learn efficiently. Personally, I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals. Developing a good habit is also of importance. It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught after class.
In addition, we should learn how to get along well with others. In school, I respected teachers and was friendly with classmates. It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
Finally, we should take part in sports and outdoor activities frequently. They were really helpful to build up my body and enrich my school life.
No pains, no gains. I am sure that with your great efforts, you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here.
Thank you!
四
(2014·重庆)
青少年研究专家Susan Beacham在自己的英文网站上开辟专栏，邀请大家分享心目中的“最好礼物”。她认为，礼物贵在心意，应为之付出时间和精力。
假设你是李华，请用英文发帖，内容应包括：
●赞同Susan的看法
●你收到或送出的最好礼物是什么
●该礼物的意义
●期待大家回复
注意：(1)词数不少于80；
(2)符合语言规范；
(3)在答题卡上作答；
(4)开头已给出(不计入总词数)。
I am a high school student from China.__________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
I am a high school student from China. I approve of Susan's opinion. One day, when I opened my book, I found a beautiful card attached to the first page, which gave me best wishes. It was last year when I failed in the exam that my classmate sent to me. Though it is ordinary, I'll treasure it forever as a reminder of friendship and determination. Whenever in trouble, I'll look at the card, which inspires me to move forward. What's about you? I'll appreciate it if you'd like to share your opinion?
五
(2014·山东)
某英文报社组织主题为“我喜欢的英语谚语”征文活动，你有意参加。请从下面两句谚语中任选一句作为标题写一篇英语作文，内容须包括：1. 该谚语的含义；2. 体现该谚语含义的个人经历。
①A friend in need is a friend indeed.
②Where there's a will, there's a way.
注意： 1. 词数： 120－150；
2. 文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。
参考词汇： 谚语 proverb
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答案：
A friend in need is a friend indeed
My favourite proverb is “A friend in need is a friend indeed”. It means that when your friend is in trouble, you should try your best to help her or him out. In other words, whenever your friend meets with difficulties, it's your duty to lend him or her a hand.
To be honest, the time when I really realized the meaning of the proverb is in 2001 when I was 13 years old. Unluckily, I broke my left leg and couldn't move at all, so it's impossible for me to attend my classes. And I missed so many lessons that I was left behind by others when I returned to school. However, it's my dear friend Ann that helped me by doing homework together with me after school.Of course, I made great progress at last. And without Ann's help, I would not have achieved my goal then.
All in all, just as the proverb goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” We should lend a hand to our friends without hesitation.
六
(2014·新课标Ⅱ)
一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是“十年后的我”，请根据下列要点和你的畅想完成短文。
1．家庭；
2．工作：
3．业余生活。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语已为你写好。
I often imagine what my life would be like in the future. _____________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
I often imagine what my life would be like in the future. I think my life will be very different in ten years. I will be twenty-eight years old by then. I will have my own family, probably with a lovely child. I hope I will work in a computer company as a program designer. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues. I will do a good job in whatever I do. In my free time, I will continue to take a regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games. On my holidays, I will travel around the world. In a word, my life will be much richer and more colorful.
七
(2014·邯郸市二模)
假如你是李华，一年前曾经在美国纽约的Chart School 参加过为期一个月的国际学生交流项目。现在请你根据以下要点，给你在该校学习期间的老师Mr. Woods写一封电子邮件：
1．感谢在美国期间他对你英语学习的帮助和那次活动对你的影响；
2．询问他最新的电话号码和住址；
3．你的好友王磊想在今年夏天报考Chart School，是否方便和他联系。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Woods，
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Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear_Mr._Wood，
How are you doing these days?
Although it has been a year since I came back to China, I still remember the thirty thrilling and fascinating days once in a while. I know without your kindness and sincerity, my stay back then would have been quite different. It is you who have opened a new world to me. Never had I known a language could be taught and learnt that way, which, up to this day, remains a guide to my English learning.
By the way, I was wondering if I could have your new address and phone number. My friend, Wang Lei, is going to apply for your school this summer. Would you mind if he asked you for more details?
All the best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
八
(2014·唐山二模)
假定你是李华，两周前你从网上订购了一套英语书虫系列读物(Bookworm Series)，昨天才到货，且包装破损、数量不足。请就此向网店客服写邮件投诉。要点如下：
1.介绍购物情况：
2.反映存在问题：
3.提出解决方案。
注意：
1.词数100左右：
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
可能用到的生词：投诉complaint n.
To whom it may concern，________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Li Hua
答案：
To whom it may concern, I'm one of your customers. I ordered a set of Bookworm Series on your website two weeks ago, but I didn't receive them until yesterday. And much to my disappointment, the books were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn. To make matters worse, it is not a complete set, as I found one book missing.
I'm sorry to have received such poor service, and I believe I have every right to ask you to deal with this problem. I hope that you either return my money or deliver a new set of books to me. Besides, I'd like to be informed of the process of your dealing with my complaint.
Looking forward to your reply.
Li Hua
九
(2014·石家庄二模)
当前，越来越多的人开始使用手机支付。请根据以下提示，以Mobile Payment为题，用英语写一篇短文，介绍手机支付。
1．丰富了日常支付手段；
2．不受时间、地点限制；
3．需要具备手机和网络；
4．可能存在问题(如账户安全等)。
注意：1.词数100左右，开头语已为你写好。
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Mobile Payment
Nowadays, mobile payment is becoming more and more popular. _______________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
Mobile Payment
Nowadays, mobile payment is becoming more and more popular. In addition to paying with cash, cheque, or credit cards, a consumer can use a mobile phone to pay for a wide range of services and goods. Compared with those traditional means, mobile payment is faster and more convenient, as it can be used at any given time or place, thus saving much time and energy.
Meanwhile, we can't neglect the fact that it must be operated with a phone and a network. And it is only recently that the technology to support such systems has become widely available, which will arouse public concern over its potential risks, such as the account security and other unexpected problems.
Technology is changing our life rapidly, whether we are ready for it.
十
(2014·嘉峪关市一中二模)
高考改革决定在2016年让英语退出高考，变成一年多考取最高分，对此不同的人有不同的看法，请你根据以下要点写一篇文章：
1．支持的原因；
2．反对的原因；
3．你的看法。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
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Recently, there is a heated discussion about the news that English will be removed from the College Entrance Examinations from 2016.Instead students can attend the English test more than one time a year, of which the best performance will be considered as the final score in the Exams. As for it, different people have different opinions.
People supporting it hold the following reasons. For one thing, they think English is too difficult for some students to reach the required standard. For another, it takes too much to study it. However, some people are strongly against it. From their own experiences, English plays a key role in their further study and career. What's more, the reform may, in a way, impose more burdens on students rather than reduce.
As far as I am concerned, I support the reform because if so, students can decide how well they should learn English by themselves according to their interest and major.
十一
(2014·开封市三模)
随着现代科技的发展，越来越多的电动汽车将进入人们的生活，受到人们的青睐。请你根据下面表格中的提示内容，用英语写一篇关于电动汽车优点及建议的短文。
电动汽车的优点
1.节能、环保、不污染空气；
2.安全、易操作、低噪音；
3.时速高达120km/h，续航里程160公里。
建议
1.采取有效措施来支持电动汽车的生产；
2.鼓励使用电动汽车，使世界更干净、更美好。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。
With the development of modern science and technology, more and more electric cars will go into our life and become popular in the future._________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
With the development of modern science and technology, more and more electric cars will go into our life and become popular in the future.
There are many advantages of electric cars. Firstly, electric cars are energy-saving and they can help protect our environment. They don't pollute air because they use electricity instead of petrol. Secondly, it's easy and safe to drive electric cars. Besides, they make little noise while they are running. Lastly, electric cars can run at the speed of 120 kilometers an hour. When they get charged once, they can run as far as 160 kilometers.
In my opinion, our government should take some measures to support the production. People should be greatly encouraged to use electric cars in order to make our world cleaner and better in the future.
十二
(2014·豫东、豫北十所名校阶段性测试五)
请先仔细观察并描述下面的漫画，然后针对这一社会现象写一篇短文，反映人们对此现象的不同观点并简要陈述自己的观点。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头已为你写好，但不计入总词数；
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
What should you do if an old man falls down right under your nose？__________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
What should you do if an old man falls down right under your nose?
An old man suddenly fell to the ground in a faint just in front of the boy. Many people crowded round but nobody would help the old man up. Most people encouraged the boy to help the man, while some of them thought the boy shouldn't give a hand because he was likely to get himself into trouble since the old man or his family might insist that he knocked down the old man. Even worse, some urged the boy to leave immediately. The boy was troubled by the question as to whether he should help the old man or not.
In my opinion, helping others is a traditional Chinese virtue. We must give a hand to the old and at the same time we must protect ourselves from being involved in trouble.
十三
(2014·豫南五市二模)
假如你是李华，你的英国朋友John近期将来中国参加短期语言培训。食宿被安排在你市远大路的塔楼酒店。他来信询问酒店的相关信息，请你根据以下图示和信息给他写一封回信。要点如下：
·图示信息
·住宿费用；每人每天200元
·餐厅供餐时间：7：30a.m.—9：00 a．m.；5：30p.m.—8：00 p．m.
注意：1.词数120左右；
2.开头已给出，不计入总词数；
3.语言通顺，行文连贯，可适当发挥。
Dear John，
I'm very glad to hear that you will come to my city for short-term language training. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to seeing you very soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear John，
I'm very glad to hear that you will come to my city for short-term language training. In your letter, you asked me something about Tower Hotel. Now I'd like to tell you some detailed information about it.
Tower Hotel is located on Yuanda Road. Go through the gate of the entrance, and you will see the high building—Tower Hotel, in front of which lies a beautiful garden. Behind the building is a swimming pool, where you can go swimming for relaxing. Near the swimming pool stands a dinning hall, and there meals are served from 7：30a.m.to 9：00a.m. and between 5：30p.m.and 8：00 p．m.
Last but not least, as to accommodation fees, everyone should pay 200 yuan per day. If you need further information, please enquire at the reception desk on the ground floor when you've arrived here.
Looking forward to seeing you very soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
十四
(2014·银川市三校联考)
文明乘车是中华美德
请根据图画描述你的朋友小明发生的故事和你的看法。
注意：词数100左右。
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One day, Xiaoming was on a bus to school when he noticed a pregnant woman getting on the bus. Xiaoming pretended not to see the woman and went on sleeping as usual but another child beside him offered his seat to the woman. Soon the bus arrived at the destination. It was late before Xiaoming realized.
In our life, I think offering seats on bus, a small act though, is a symbol of kindness and the level of our civilization. Maybe Xiaoming was tired, but he should have offered his seat to the woman because she needed the seat more than him. Besides, the old and disabled should own separate and special seats.
十五
(2014·黑龙江哈三中三模)
假如你是李华，暑假在泰国旅游期间入住The Bangkok Hotel宾馆504房间，7月1日入住，8日退房。你回家后发现一个中等大小的红色背包遗失在那里，内有几本旅游书籍，一个白色iPod，一张信用卡和少量现金。请用英文给该宾馆经理写一封信，请求他帮忙寻找并寄回。
信件要点包括：
1．陈述写信原因；
2．简要描述该背包；
3．说明其重要性；
4．期待回复并感谢。
注意：1.词数：100字左右；2.信件格式已给出。
Dear Sir，
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Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Sir,
I'm so grateful for your good service during my stay in Thailand for a tour, but I'm writing to ask a favor to find and send back my pack which I left in your hotel.
I checked in on July 1 and out on July 8. Setting off in a rush for the airport, I left the pack in Room 504. It's a medium-sized, red leather backpack which contains some traveling books, a white iPod of special edition, a credit card and some cash. All in the pack matter to me, especially the iPod, a precious gift from my father on my 18th birthday. So much do I cherish it that I feel upset for its loss.
If you find it, would you please post it to me? The return address is on the envelope.
I'll appreciate it very much if you can give me your earliest reply and thank you for anything you can do for me.
Yours_sincerely，
Li Hua_
十六
(2014·银川一中第四次模拟考试)
假如你是红星中学高二(1)班李华，下面四幅图描述了近期你看到骑公共自行车“绿色出行”的宣传后所采取的行动。请根据图片的先后顺序，为校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文。
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Being driven by my father to school one day, I suddenly noticed many public bicycles parked along the road in my neighborhood. Behind them on the wall was a sign reading “Green Travel”. Feeling it my duty to do something, I told my father that I would give up his car and rent a bike instead.
Back home that day, I searched the Internet for information about how and where to rent a bike. I found out that there was a rental service nearby, where I could apply for a rental card. The next day I headed toward it immediately after school. To be honest, I was a bit surprised to find quite a few people lining up there for the cards. I joined them and finally got one. The next day I first rode a bike to the subway station and then took the subway to school.
The bicycle seat is not as comfortable as a car seat, but I feel proud that I am doing something for the environment.
十七
(2014·凉州区第二次诊断)
10月8日，星期天上午，你们班同学骑车到学校附近的公园组织了一次环保活动。请根据下表内容，写一篇短文，并发表你对此次活动的看法。
第1小组
扫除：清理废纸、烟蒂、塑料袋等废弃物
第2小组
宣传：树立标牌，告诉游客要爱护花和树木
第3小组
演讲：向游客宣传“白色污染”的害处以及保护环境的重要性
你的看法
注意：1. 词数120左右；
2. 为使行文连贯，可适当增加细节。
3. 参考词汇：cigarette ends (烟蒂)
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答案：
On Sunday morning of October 8 our class organized an environmental protection activity in the nearby park. On arriving there, we were divided into three groups. The first group collected the rubbish, such as the waste paper, cigarette ends, plastic bags and so on. The second group set up several boards to remind visitors to take care of the flowers and trees. The last group gave a speech to the visitors on the danger of “white pollution” and the importance of protecting the environment.
I think it is very important for us to protect the environment. For the sake of people's health and happiness, measures should be taken to control and prevent pollution and everyone should make a contribution to it.
十八
(2014·河南省内黄一中最后一卷)
随着网络日益发展，网店成为一种新时尚，并且越来越多的学生开始创办网店。假定你是李华，是校报记者，请以“学生是否可以开办网店”为主题给校报撰稿。
支持
反对
你的观点
1.早一步接触社会
2.得到锻炼
1.分心，影响学业
2.社会经验少，容易被骗
……
注意：1. 开头部分已写好，不计入总词数。
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 词数100左右。
Whether Students Should Open Online Stores
With the Internet booming rapidly, creating an online store becomes fashionable. Meanwhile, more and more students are getting into the field to show their capabilities.
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答案：
Whether Students Should Open Online Stores
With the Internet booming rapidly, creating an online store becomes fashionable. Meanwhile, more and more students are getting into the field to show their capabilities. But opinions on whether they should do it are divided into two aspects. Students who are in favor of it believe that it offers an opportunity to make them get in touch with society ahead of time. What's more, it will toughen them better. On the contrary, it's thought that opening online stores will distract students from their study. Moreover, so naive are students that they would be taken in easily.
As for me, opening online stores is a good idea, partly because we should gain and accumulate some experience before getting into society; partly because we need to achieve our maturity earlier. Just find the balance.
十九
(2014·河南省长葛市三模)
下面六幅图画描述了发生在李明放学回家路上的一件事情，请根据图画内容用英语写和篇短文。
注意：(1)短文须包括所有图画的主要内容；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使短文内容连贯、完整；
(3)词数：100左右。
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It was raining heavily yesterday afternoon when Li Ming came out of school heading for the bus station. While waiting for the bus, Li Ming found a man ahead of him keeping looking around, as if searching for something. All of a sudden, the man reached his hand into the bag of a lady. However, the lady didn't realize what had happened until Li Ming shouted, “Stop thief！” Hearing that, the thief turned around and ran away. Immediately, several brave young men began to run after him. As soon as the thief was caught, the police hurried over and took him to the police station. Li Ming was praised for his bravery.
二十
(2014·河西五市部分普通高中第二次联考)
请根据图画和所给词语的提示，叙述某天小明与其妈妈发生的故事。然后，再根据此故事内容，发表你自己的感想(自拟)，不得少于三点想法。
要求：1.词数：120词左右
2．参考词汇：把瓶子扶起straighten the bottle up
One day, Xiao Ming saw a little girl fall over.___________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
One day, Xiao Ming saw a little girl fall over. He wanted to help the girl up, but his mother stopped him and said, “Don't do that, otherwise others will think it was you who knocked her down.” Another day, the mother was shocked to see Xiao Ming just let the fallen oil bottle be, so she said to him angrily, “Can't you see the fallen oil bottle? Why didn't you straighten it up？” But Xiao Ming said to his mother, “If I had straightened the bottle up, you would have thought that I did it.”
I disagree with what the mother did in the story. I think parents should set a good example to their children. They should not only care for their children's health, but their minds. They should let their children know it is a pleasure to help others who are in trouble, because we live in the society which is a big family for all of us.
There is no doubt that everyone should go all out to contribute to our society.
二十一
(2014·阳泉市二模)
假如你是新华中学的学生李华，课余时间经常访问国外某网站，该网站最近将举办网上讨论活动，正面向全球中学生征集话题，现请用英语给该网站发送一封电子邮件，向其推荐话题。内容主要包括：
1.写作目的；
2.话题：Where does your time go?
3.推荐的理由：对时间的认识；今后在运用时间上的打算等。
注意：1.词数100个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词敷。
Dear Editor，
I am Li Hua, a student from Xinhua Middle School...
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Editor，
I am Li Hua, a student from Xinhua Middle School. I often visit your website in my spare time. I am very glad to know that you will make a discussion on line and are collecting topics facing the middle school students. As a student, I really want to recommend a topic to you, which is where your time goes. Each of us should be well aware that time is life. Everyone is equal before time. Time lost cannot be recalled. As I'm still young, I should make better use of my time to gain more knowledge and skill. I believe I'll not feel regretful when I review what I've done in the future.
I hope that the activity will be a great success.
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
二十二
(2014·贵州省六校联盟第二次联考)
某英文报就近年来我国学生出国留学低龄化的利弊在报上展开讨论，希望广大读者畅所欲言，就此事发表自己的看法。假设你是中学生李华，请用英语给编辑写一封信，谈谈你的看法，并说明理由。100词左右。
(注意：信的开头已给出，字数不计算在内。)
Dear editor，
I'm writing to tell you about my opinion on Chinese students going abroad for further studies at an early age._______________________________________________ __________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
Dear editor，
I'm writing to tell you my opinion on Chinese students going abroad for further studies at an early age.
I agree that Chinese students going to study abroad is a good thing, which helps us to know more about foreign countries, but I don't think it necessary for us to do that so early.
The education in China and that in foreign countries both have advantages and disadvantages. The most important thing for us Chinese students to do at present is to know our country, people and culture well. Without that, we'll have no root and cannot have a good understanding of other countries, people and cultures. Besides, going to study in foreign countries at too early an age not only costs a lot of money, it could also bring serious problems. Taking care of themselves is one of them.
In my opinion, as primary or middle school students, we should devote our time to studying harder in our own country and improving ourselves; when the chance to study abroad arrives, we'll grasp it and make the best use.
二十三
(2014·贵州省六校联盟第一次联考)
你所在的学校将要举办一次主题为“What Can We Do for Our School？” 的英语演讲比赛，请写一篇英语演讲稿，要求从爱护学校设施和美化校园方面进行阐述，并举例加以说明。
要求：1 词数：100左右；
2 参考词汇： 校园campus；设施facilities
3 信的开头和结尾已经写好，且不计入总词数。
Hello, everyone!
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks for listening!
答案：
Hello, everyone!
It's nice to speak about what we can do for our school, and I think each of us can do something.
The first thing we can do is to protect the facilities in our school. When we leave the classroom, we should never forget to turn off the light or close the door. We should not leave the tap water running or waste any materials in the laboratory class.
The second thing we can do is to make our campus more beautiful. Every one of us may plant a tree in the school or organize a thorough cleaning on the campus. And equally importantly, we should develop a good habit of not littering about.
If everyone does his best for our school, I believe our school will soon take on a new look, and become a better place to study and live in.
Thanks for listening!
课件24张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题六书面表达第四讲 (半)开放类 专题六1.命题特点：
(1)(半)开放作文是一种比传统的“书面表达”限制更少、留给考生自由发挥空间更多的书面表达题型。在给出相应的命题后，一般不提供具体的内容要点，有时甚至不提供具体的情景或不对文章的体裁进行限制，因此考生自由发挥的空间较大。
(2)命题一般侧重两种文体：记叙文或议论文。
(3)与传统的“书面表达”相比，这种“(半)开放作文”对学生构思、表达、写作以及语句的组织应用能力的要求更高。 2.解题关键：
(1)认真审题。即审语境、审人称、审时态。
(2)紧扣主题。无论是开放性作文还是半开放性作文，根据给出的主题或自己确定的主题展开写作，必须做到不跑题，符合要求，首尾呼应。
(3)详略得当。对于(半)开放性作文，一定把握好文章的主题，做到有主次之分，详略得当，主题句明确，还要有细节描写，互为支撑。
(4)逻辑清晰。要求考生在写(半)开放性作文时，要注意审题，尽可能做到内容充实、逻辑清晰、表达得体、语言准确。3.写作素材：
常用句式：
(一)提供建议型
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to书信主题。
Here are a few suggestions. First, it is important to 第一件应该做的事情，as you'll be able to 手段．Then, it also helps to 第二件应该做的事情．Besides, it should be a good idea to 第三件应该做的事情．You can also第四件要做的事情．这样做的好处。
Best wishes.
(二)释疑解惑型
As a作者身份，I understand your situation. The problem you are facing is common among our teenagers/students. However，作者的基本看法或观点. Here are a few suggestions.
First，第一个建议．这样做的理由．
Second，第二个建议．这样做的理由．
Hope you get better soon and make great progress.
(三)主题演讲型
Ladies and gentlemen，
Today I will talk about 演讲主题．As you know，there are many advantages of演讲主题．
First of all，分要点一．展开一句或两句．Besides，分要点二．展开一句或两句．Last but not least, 分要点三．展开一句或两句．
In a word (In my opinion/Personally)，重申主题/总结主题．
(四)阐述谚语/名言型
A famous saying goes that 名言或谚语，which reminds us that 释义．Indeed, we can learn many things from it.
First of all, 理由一. For example，举例说明．Secondly 理由二．Another case is that 举例说明．Furthermore，理由三．
In my opinion，我的观点．
注意：
1．必须使用所给4个关键词；
2．词数不少于120个；
3．不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。
审题炼句
1.去年夏天参加了我们市里青年俱乐部的英语环保演讲比赛，经历难忘。
a．(一般表达)Last summer, I had an English match on environmental protection at the Youth Club of my city. It was an unforgettable experience.
b．(感叹句)Last summer, I had an English match on environmental protection at the Youth Club of my city. How unforgettable the experience was for me!
2.比赛的目的是让更多人认识到当前环境状况和保护环境的紧迫性。
a．(一般表达)The match's aim was to let more people know the bad environmental conditions we are facing and the urgency of protecting it.
b．(定语从句)The aim of the match was to let more people know what severe environmental conditions we are facing, which may get us to be aware of the urgency of protecting the environment.
3.当我被选去参赛时很紧张，考虑再三后决定去参加比赛。
a．(一般表达)When I was chosen to attend the match, I felt nervous at first, for my English was not good. But after a deep thinking I decided to go.
b．(状语从句)When I was chosen to attend the match, I felt nervous at first, for my English was not good. While I thought it over, I made a decision that I should go for it.
4.这次比赛不但对我学习英语有好处，而且对于了解环保的重要性意义重大。
a．(一般表达)The match is not only good for me to improve my English but also helps us know more about the environmental protection. It is very important.
b．(as well as，定语从句)That's a very good opportunity for me to improve my English, as well as know more about the environmental protection which is of great importance to us human beings.
5.令我高兴的是，我获得了一等奖。
a．(一般表达)I was glad because I got the first prize.
b．(介词短语结构)To my great delight, the first prize came to me.
6.不管成功还是失败，过程比结果重要。
a．(一般表达)Whether you succeed or fail, the process is more important than the result.
b．(名词替代动词)I knew whether you are a loser or winner, the process is more valuable than the result.成篇
Last summer, I had an English match on environmental protection at the Youth Club of my city. How unforgettable the experience was for me!
When I was chosen to attend the match, I felt nervous at first, for my English was not good. But after a deep thinking I made a decision that I should go for it. That was a very good opportunity for me to improve my English and know more about the environmental protection which is of great importance to us human beings. I began to learn English very hard, which was hard work, but I enjoyed it.
The match's aim was to let more people know the bad environmental conditions we are facing and the urgency of protecting it. All participants were required to answer the questions in English in ten minutes.
To my great delight, the first prize came to me. I knew no matter you are a loser or a winner, the process is more valuable than the result.(2014·佳木斯市一中三模)
某海外学校举办英语训练营，开设了以下课程：园艺(gardening)，烹饪(cooking)，防身术(self-defense)，护理(nursing )。假设你是李华，写封申请信，报名参加其中一门课程的学习。
内容要点：1. 你感兴趣的课程；2. 你期望从中学到什么；3.为什么想学这些内容课件40张PPT。走向高考 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索新课标版 · 二轮专题复习专题六书面表达
高考书面表达作为书面形式的英语语言能力的输出，要求学生能根据提示与要求，在一定的语境中使用英语语法和词汇，清楚、准确、连贯地用英语表达自己的思想和情感。书面表达的题材、体裁、话题具有多样性、实用性，取材广泛，来自生活，内容丰富。它较好地反映出学生的思维能力和语言表达能力，一直是历年高考的重点和难点。
1．体裁：交际应用文是主打
高考书面表达一直坚持新课改“体现英语教学的交际性和实用性，提高学生的综合语言运用能力”的总要求，沿袭以往的风格，强调写作的目的性和实用性。
2．题材：体现“三贴”原则，时代感强
“三贴”原则，即贴近时代，贴近生活，贴近考生。书面表达的题目设计将更加符合学生的认知水平和日常生活经历(如英语学习经验介绍、文理分科、竞选、暑假计划等)；情感方面将更加注意学生的成长，注意培养良好的道德品质和健全的人格(如家庭教育、照顾病人、帮助做家务、遵守交通法规等)；另外，所涉及话题关注社会，富有时代特色，以唤起学生强烈的主人翁意识的责任感。这种贴近生活、立足基础、发扬个性、关注环境的设题理念仍会是高考书面表达的基本思路。
3．形式：提示型、半开放式是主流
写作要求和提示简明，完全摒弃原来的“翻译型”命题，题目设置一般都会提供简要提示、寓意图画或一段英文以提供必要的情景，同时又给考生留出了很大的发挥余地和空间，使其个性张扬。
一、认真审题，理清思路。
审题是写作的关键所在，只有仔细审题才能深刻理解题目所要表达的主要意思。不论是汉语提示写作还是看图写作，动笔前要仔细阅读试题，明确写作内容，如背景、人物、时间、体裁等要求。
审题一定要慢，思路理清后，答题则要快，在有限的时间内完成写作任务。
二、编拟提纲，提炼要点。
在明确了题目所要表达的主要意思后，便可针对题目特点，根据主要内容列出提纲，将要求的内容分解，提炼出要点，把主要内容所涉及的重点单词、短语或句型写出来，以备正式书写用。理清要点的目的就是为了把握短文的脉络，既可保证不遗漏所要表达的信息，又可使表达的内容条理清晰。
三、扩点成句，就易避难。
在体裁明确、信息全面、要点清晰的前提下，避开偏、难、怪词，选用自己最熟悉、最有把握的词语和句型将要点逐句表达出来。完成这个步骤要注意：
1.书面表达重在达意，切忌直译，尤其不可逐句罗列了事。
2.灵活表达，如果遇到一时想不起的词语或句型，不要轻易放弃，要学会变通，可实现“曲线救国”。
3.尽可能多地运用较高级的词汇和较复杂的语言结构，如并列句、复合句、倒装句、强调句、分词结构、固定句型、经典引言等，努力克服母语的逆向干扰，力求使用地道的英语，争取文章中能出现两三个“亮点”。
4.选择正确的人称、时态、语态等进行表达。
5.如果是记叙文，还要写明时间、地点和人物等。
四、连句成篇，行文连贯。
连句成篇要有整体的思路，行文逻辑不可混乱。要按照篇章结构和行文逻辑，选择能恰当表示并列、递进、因果、转折、条件等意义的关联词语把所有要点句子连接成文，使句与句、段与段之间的意思连贯、衔接自然、行文流畅，生动、准确地表达考题内容。
五、仔细核对，查漏补缺。
扩写成文后，要认真阅读扩写后的文章，检查是否有错误。检查时，着重看短文是否扣住了提示或图画的内容，要点是否有遗漏。同时，还要注意有无语法错误，如时态、人称等，是否符合文体特点、格式等；语句是否有毛病，行文是否连贯，拼写是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。
六、规范书写，整洁上卷。
书面表达是主观性题目，且分值较高，评分虽有严格的标准和档次，但也有弹性。经过检查和修改后，要认真誊写，力求书写规范、字迹清晰、卷面整洁。倘若书写马虎潦草或涂改乱擦，就会影响卷面整洁，给阅卷者留下不好印象，得不到所写材料的应得分。一、仔细审题，吃透要求。
审题是非常重要的一个环节，包括审要求、审文体、审人称、审时态等。
1.审要求。
要特别注意高考书面表达题中的“注意”一项，因为这是命题人对考生提出的具体要求。对于试题提供的提纲、图画或图表，考生要进行认真分析，反复推敲，抓住要表达的信息点，特别是时间、地点、人物姓名等不能随意更改，否则会被扣分，甚至会被以泄露机密论处。2.审文体。
根据考纲要求，文体形式有记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文。试题要求写的是何种文体，必须弄清楚，因为文体不同，书写的格式和语言特征也不同。
3.审人称。
书面表达中的人称关系非常重要，要按要求用第一人称或者用第二、三人称来写，用合适的身份，口气或语气表达。
4.审时态。
根据要求来确定文章应该主要采用什么时态。如果是日记，时态应以过去时为主；如果是书信，时态应以一般现在时为主；如果是说明文，也是以一般现在时为主。
二、要点齐全，滴水不漏。
一篇高分或者满分书面表达必须要点齐全，遗漏要点要扣分，因为评分标准最高档的要求就有“覆盖所有知识要点”。要想做到要点齐全，在动手写作之前，必须先把试题中所有要点以提纲式列出来，然后把它们组成句子，再根据逻辑关系重新排列顺序。
三、开头出彩，结尾精妙。
现在的高考书面表达对于开头和结尾的命题有两种形式。一种是提供了开头和结尾，特别是应用文体，命题者并不在写作格式上对考生进行考查，因为那样会让考生陷入记忆大量的写作格式的局面。另一种就是需要考生自己来组织开头和结尾。
好的开始是成功的一半，开好头、起好步对书面表达至关重要，好的开头会让阅卷老师的眼睛为之一“亮”。开头常见的方式包括开门见山、以俗语谚语或直接引语引出等，当然也可以以疑问句、套语开头。
文章能否得高分，关键还要看结尾，好的结尾能起到画龙点睛的作用。文章的结尾应根据不同体裁而定，或总结全文，或表明对所叙述的人或事的态度，适可而止，但千万不能草草收场，结尾一定要显得水到渠成。
四、词汇高级，结构复杂。
有句英语谚语说：“Variety is the spice of life.(多样化是生活的调味品。)”同样，英语书面表达的用词也应尽量多样化，避免重复使用同一个单词和短语，并尽量多地使用“较高级词汇”。“较高级词汇”并不是生僻或怪异的词汇，而是考生在高中阶段所学的、在英语报纸、杂志中出现频率较高的词汇，即“高频词”。使用“较高级词汇”能使文章意思表达更清楚、语言更贴切、写作更上档次。
(1)精选词汇
在写作中使用通过构词法变化而来的新词、同(近)义词或反义词等来代替常见词语。如：
①在周末我们要做很多作业。
At weekends, we have endless homework to do.(替代a lot of)
②洗手间和厨房都很好。
The bathroom and the kitchen are well-furnished.(替代very good)
(2)巧用习语
英语中有大量习语，如果运用得当，则可大大增加文章的感染力，考生要在平时学习的过程中不断积累。如：
Many families struggle to make ends meet.
很多家庭只能勉强维持生计。
He turned a deaf ear to what I said.
他对我的话充耳不闻。
(3)用短语代替单词
英语中的同义词很多，在表达的时候，考生应尽量用短语代替单词。如：
I have made up my mind to study English better this term.(同义词：decide)
I have no idea how to enlarge my vocabulary.(同义词：don't know)(4)使用特殊句式为文章增色
要想在书面表达中得高分，考生除了要做到要点陈述齐全和语言准确以外，还必须适当地使用较复杂的句子结构或较高级的词汇。句式单一、缺乏生机的文章不可能得高分。以下三种手段是增加句子复杂性的常用方法。
①改变句子开头的方式，不要一味地都是主语开头，接着是谓语、宾语和状语。可以把状语置于句首或用非谓语动词作状语等。如：【原文】We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning.
【修正】Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.
【原文】The young man couldn't help crying when he heard the bad news.
【修正】Hearing the bad news, the young man couldn't help crying.
②在整篇文章中，避免只使用一两个句式，要灵活运用倒装句、强调句、主从复合句等。复合句可以把结构松散的句子连接起来，从而使表达显得更加高级。
a．定语从句
【原文】Mary is a girl in Class 1. She speaks English very fluently.
【修正】Mary is a girl in Class 1, who speaks English very fluently.
b．状语从句
【原文】The doctor arrived there in time. The boy was saved. It was not too late.
【修正】The boy was saved because the doctor arrived there before it was too late.
c．名词性从句(包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句)
【原文】Xiao Ming was always late for school. His teacher didn't know why.
【修正】His teacher didn't know why Xiao Ming was always late for school.d．强调句
【原文】My parents praised Tom warmly. He had saved my little sister bravely.
【修正】My parents praised Tom warmly. It was he who had saved my little sister bravely.
e．倒装句
【原文】We can achieve our goal only in this way.
【修正】Only in this way can we achieve our goal.
【原文】I have never seen such a wonderful film before.
【修正】Never before have I seen such a wonderful film.
(5)通过使用非谓语动词、with复合结构等，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。
a．it作形式主语和形式宾语
【原文】To reduce pollution and keep the earth clean is our responsibility.
【修正】It is our responsibility to reduce pollution and keep the earth clean.
b．分词短语
【原文】We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.
【修正】After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling stories and playing chess.
c．with复合结构
with复合结构由“with＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语”构成，通常在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式和伴随状况等。有时，with复合结构也可作后置定语。如：
With the College Entrance Examination drawing near, many of us are getting more and more nervous.(with复合结构表示伴随状况)
They came to a small village with mountains all around it.(with复合结构作后置定语)
d．独立主格结构
独立主格结构由“名词/代词＋分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语”构成，通常在句中作状语。使用独立主格结构也是提升书面表达档次、获取高分的重要手段。如：
If time permits, you can pay a visit to the Summer Palace.
我们可把句中的条件状语从句改为独立主格结构：Time permitting, you can pay a visit to the Summer Palace.使表达更加灵活。
五、书写工整，卷面整洁。
常言道：“字好文一半”，这种说法在高考英语书面表达中虽然有些言过其实，但书写的好坏与卷面的整洁与否直接影响考生的成绩，却是不争的事实。书写不好会给阅卷老师留下很坏的第一印象，分数会降低一个档次甚至更多。
在写作时，要注意以下几点：
1．英语字母不要写得过大或过小，字母大小一致，单词之间空一个字母的距离，否则会无法辨认。要特别注意，在字母连写的时候不要把a写得像o，把e写得像c，把r写得像v等。
2．行与行之间要平行，不要忽上忽下。
3．不要漏写、错写单词或标点符号。
4．文章要合理分段，切忌把全部内容写成一段。一般要分为三段：第一段，根据题目要求用一两个过渡性的句子引出下文；第二段承接上文，进入主题，按题目要求适当发挥；第三段用一两个总结、概括性的句子结束全文。
5．字迹清晰，卷面整洁，行文尽量做到一气呵成，不再修改。
