人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 4 Body Language 单词 课文详解课件 (共118张PPT)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 4 Body Language 单词 课文详解课件 (共118张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-12-10 19:30:08 | ||
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(共118张PPT)
选择性必修第一册
UNIT 4
BODY LANGUAGE
Listing
了解对话内容，能做对题
03
Grammer
每单元一个重点语法知识点，做练习
04
Contents
Words
重点单词掌握，变形，运用，短语，整理入册
01
Passgae
了解文章大意，掌握重点句型
02
1. interaction n.相互作用，相互影响；交流
interaction with 交往；与…相互作用
This improves the interaction with your team.
interactive adj. 交互式的；相互作用的
The school believes in interactive teaching methods.
这所学校相信互动教学法。
前缀：inter-“在--之间，相互”
international internet interplay 相互影响
interview 面试，采访，接见
2. vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
vary in 在……方面不同
vary with 随着……而变化
vary from 不同于……
vary from ... to ...
vary between ... and ... 由……到……情况不等
vary
various adj. 各种各的；不同的
varied adj. 不同的, 各式各样的
variety n. 多样化，种类 ＝a variety of/varieties of)多种多样的
variation n. 变化
1) 这些花的颜色和大小都不相同，但都很漂亮。
The flowers _____ but all of them are beautiful.
vary in color and size
2) 这家宾馆每个房间的费用由20美元到30美元不等。
The charge for a room in this hotel _____ $20 and $30.
varies between
3) 一般来说水果和蔬菜价格随季节变化而变化。
Generally speaking, prices of fruit and vegetables _____ the season.
vary with
3. appropriate vt.adj. 适当的；恰当的；合适的
appropriate time 适当时间
if appropriate 如果有的话;如果适当;在适当情况下
be appropriate / suitable / fit for be appropriate to/for 适合于
be appropriate to do sth. 做某事很合适
It is/was appropriate that sb.(should) do sth. 某人做某事是合适的
be appropriate to do sth. 做某事很合适
Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party.
正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。
appropriately adv. 适当地；合适的；相称地
4. by contrast [ba k ntrɑ st] 相比之下
in contrast with / to ...
和……形成对比，比较起来
eg By contrast, Mrs. Young was much more outspoken.
His white hair was in sharp contrast with/to his dark skin.
By contrast, the new technique is easy and cheap.
prove inferior（次的，较差的 ）by contrast 相形见绌
5. approve vi. 赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过
(1)approve of(sb./sb.'s) doing sth. 赞成/同意某人做某事
=agree with = be for =support
(2)approval n. 赞成；通过；同意；认可；批准
meet with one's approval 得到某人的赞许
give one's approval to sth. 批准某事；同意某事
(3)approving adj. 赞许的；许可的
= favorable = supportive =optimistic =positive
He seemed to approve of my choice.
He doesn’t approve of me leaving school this year.
I approve of what the government is doing.
阅读技巧：作者的态度是文章的基本基调，做题时如果与作者态度相反的选项可直接排除。
反义： disapprove 不赞成 disapprove of = be against
disapproving = opposed = negative =doubtful
不赞成的=反对的=否定的=怀疑的
6. demonstrate vt. 证明；展示；论证
demonstrate respect 表示尊重
We want to demonstrate our commitment to human rights.
我们想表明我们对人权的信念。
display 陈列；展示；表现
convey 传达；表达
illustrate 说明；证实
prove 证明
demonstration n.
7. gesture [ s ] n. 手势；姿势；姿态
A small gesture of kindness does generate blessings, even lighting up the dark world that someone is bathed in.（续写）
一个小小的善举确实可以带来幸运，甚至点亮一个人深深沉浸的灰暗世界。
关键词：小善举的大影响
适用主题：多年前的无意善举成就了另一个人
8. witness vt. 当场看到；目击；见证
n. 目击者；证人
(1)witness sth./that... 目击……
witness to(doing) sth. 证实/为……作证
(2) a witness of/to sth. 某事/物的目击者/见证人/证明/证据
Your success is a witness to your effort.你的成功是你努力的见证。
Police are appealing for witnesses to the accident to come forward.
Did anyone witness the attack
9. employ vt. 使用；应用；雇佣
employ sb. as ... 雇用某人作为……
employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
be employed in (doing) sth. 从事于（做）某事=be occupied / engaged / busy in doing sth
employee n. 受雇者，雇工，雇员
employer n. 雇用者，雇主
employment n. 雇用
The employers have make their efforts to create more employment chances so that more employees can be employed.
雇主尽最大的努力创造更多的就业机会来让更多的员工被雇用。
PART 01
词汇
10. identical [a d nt k l] adj. 同一的；完全相同的
be identical to/with = be the same as =be similar to （be different from）
The two pictures are similar, although not identical.
这两幅画很相似，虽然不完全相同。
In effect, the two systems are identical.
实际上，这两种系统完全一样。
11. interpret [ n t pr t] vt. 把...理解为（解释为）
interpret…as… 把…理解/解释为
right to interpret 解释权
interpreter 口译译员
interpretation n. 解释，理解；表演
The students were asked to interpret the poem.
学生们被要求诠释那首诗的意义
I didn't know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.
我不知该把她的沉默看作是接受还是拒绝。
12. differ vi. opinions 相异；不同于；有异议，有分歧
原文：Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.
different adj. 不同的，有区别的
difference n. 差异，不同
make a/no difference (to ...) （对……）有/没有影响
My brother differs from me in many ways.
John differs with his brother about/on/over the best way to cook fish.
Emily is completely different from her sister.
Whatever she did, it made no difference.
It won’t make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow.
PART 01
词汇
12. By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning.
by/in comparison 比较起来
comparison n. 比较
make a comparison 作比较
in comparison with 与……相比
compare v. 对比；比作；相比，比得上
PART 01
词汇
eg：
1) 诗人经常把人生比作一条河。(compare)
Poets often compare man’s life to a river.
2) 和欧洲其他国家相比较，英国的汽车价格非常高。(by comparison)
By comparison with other European countries, car prices in the UK are very high. 3）He was a loud friendly man. In comparison, his brother was rather shy.
4）After months of living in a tropical climate, Spain seemed cool by comparison.
5）You can't make a comparison between American and Japanese schools – they're too different.
PART 01
词汇
13. cheek n. 面颊，脸颊；
He pinched the baby's cheek playfully.
他捏着宝宝的脸颊逗着玩。
PART 01
词汇
14. favor n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同
vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于
ask a favor of sb. = ask sb. a favor
求某人帮忙
do sb. a favor 帮某人忙
in favor of 赞同，支持
in sb.’s favor 有助于某人
1) Could you __（帮我一个忙） and turn off the light
2) In their discussion, I was _____（支持） Mr. Li.
3) The current economy ____ the development of small businesses.
do me a favor
do me a favor
does not favor
PART 01
词汇
15. bow n. 弓；蝴蝶结；琴弓；船头
v. 鞠躬，点头；低（头）
bow down 鞠躬
take a bow 鞠躬答谢
Her hair was tied back in a neat bow.
她的头发扎在脑后打了个整齐的蝴蝶结
Will he not bow
难道他不鞠躬吗？
PART 01
词汇
16. waist n. 腰，腰部
He put his arm around her waist.
他搂住了她的腰。
PART 01
词汇
17. make inferences 推理；推断
A human can sometimes make inferences based on previous knowledge.
人们有时可以根据前面的知识进行推断
infer vt. 推断；推论-- inferred-- inferred---- inferring
We can infer something about where we came from.
make reference 参考；访问；查找；提及
You should make reference to a professional books.
PART 01
词汇
18. break down 消除；分解；打破；（机器等）坏了；（身体）垮了
A smile can break down barriers.
I hope the car doesn't break down while we're diving in the countryside.
我希望我们在乡下开车的时候，这辆车不会抛锚。
broke into the office
PART 01
词汇
18. 相关短语：
break into 强行进入；打断
break off 中断
break out 突发，爆发
break through 突破，突围
break up 打碎，分裂
1)The thieves ___and stole some money. 小偷闯入办公室，偷了一些钱。
2)Scientists think they are beginning to ___in the fight against cancer.
科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。
3）I was still living in London when the war ___.
战争爆发的时候我还住在伦敦。
broke into the office
break through
broke out
PART 01
词汇
19. barrier n. 障碍物，隔阂；界线
trade barrier 贸易壁垒
There was no real barrier between reality and fantasy in his mind.
在他的头脑中，现实与幻想之间没有真正的界线。
20. fake adj. 假的；冒充的
No one spotted that the gun was a fake.
没有人留意到那是一支假枪。
PART 01
词汇
21. anger n. 怒，愤怒；忿怒
vt. 使发怒，激怒；恼火
in anger 生气地，愤怒地
1）He clenched his fists in anger.
他愤怒地攥紧了拳头。
2）Eventually, his anger dissipated.
他的愤怒终于平息了。
3）She masked her anger with a smile.
她用微笑来掩饰她的愤怒。
PART 01
词汇
22. reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的
reliable quality 质量可靠
reliable data 可靠数据
reliable information 可靠的信息
He's not very reliable, but I like him just the same.
他不太可靠，但我还是喜欢他。
rely vi. 依靠；信赖
rely on 依靠
As babies, we rely entirely on others for food.
在婴儿时期，我们完全依赖别人喂食。
PART 01
词汇
23. incident n. 发生的事件；严重的事件；冲突
The children started to act out the whole incident.
孩子们开始表演整个事件。
This incident coloured her whole life.
这事件影响了她的一生。
24. trial n. & v.试验；审讯；试用；努力；磨炼
on trial 在试验中；在受审
free trial 免费试用
He did not receive a fair trial.
他没有受到公正的审判。
PART 01
词汇
25. slight adj. 轻微的，少量的；脆弱的；
slight fever 微热，低烧
slight pain 轻微疼痛
slight illness 小病；不适；头疼脑热
There was a slight collision but my car was undamaged.
虽有轻微碰撞，但我的汽车没有损坏。
slightly adv. 略微；轻微地；纤细地
My arms were aching so I shifted (my) position slightly.
我胳膊疼了，所以稍微变了变姿势。
The pound closed slightly down at $1.534.
英镑的汇价略跌，收盘时为1.534美元。
PART 01
词汇
26. twin n. 双胞胎中的一人；一对相似的事物之一
adj. 孪生的；双胞胎之一的；双生的；成双的；双重的
twin brother/sister n. 孪生兄弟 /姐妹
Can you tell Tom from his twin brother
你能分得出汤姆和他的孪生弟弟吗？
PART 01
词汇
27.assess vt. 评定；估价；
Teaching assess 教学评估教学评价
Insurance Assess 保险估价
It's difficult to assess the effects of these changes.
这些变化带来的效果难以评估。
assessment n. 评定；估价
assessment method 评价法
He wrote a very generous assessment of my work.
他给我写的工作评价多有赞誉之词。
PART 01
词汇
28.internal adj. 内部的；体内的；本身的；
internal control 内部控制；内控
internal force 内力
The country stepped up internal security.
该国加强了国内安全防卫。
PART 01
词汇
29. straighten up: 直起来，整理，收拾整齐
Teachers remind the children to stay for a few minutes to pick up garbage and straighten up the desks and chairs.
straighten out: 解决，整顿，改好，变好
His teacher's words helped him straighten out his thinking.
30.pose vi. 摆姿势；佯装；矫揉造作
n. 姿势，姿态；装模作样
She rearranged herself in another pose.
她重新摆了个姿势。
PART 01
词汇
31.bend v. 使...弯曲，倾斜 （ bent, bent ）；
bend one's head/ knees
bend over/down 弯腰，俯身于...
bend one's mind/efforts to sth
bend the truth
n. 转弯，弯道；弯曲
on/at a sharp bend在一个急转弯处
PART 01
词汇
32. reveal vt.揭露，显示，露出
reveal sth to sb
Officers could not reveal how he died.
警察们不能透露他的死因。
revealing: adj. 暴露的，透露内情的
PART 01
词汇
33. clarify v.使更清晰易懂，澄清，阐明
clarify the present situation澄清目前的状态
She asked him to clarify what he meant.
她要他说清楚他是什么意思。
clarification n.澄清
ask for clarification of...要求对...予以澄清
I am seeking clarification of the regulations.
我正在努力弄清楚这些规则
PART 01
词汇
35. in other words
They asked him to leave—in other words he was fired.
他们请他走人，也就是说，他被解雇了。
in a word 总之；简言之
beyond words = beyond description 难以言表；尽在不言中；无法用语言表达
break/eat one's word 失信，食言
give/keep one's word 许下诺言
have a word with sb 与某人交谈
have words with sb 与……争吵
There is no word that... 没有消息说…
word came that... 消息传来,…
word for word 逐字地
36. educator n.教师，教育家
educationalist 教育家，教育学家
educate v.教育
education n.教育
educational adj. 教育的,与教育有关的
educated adj.受过教育的
well educated 受过良好教育的
PART 02
词汇
1.The form says he ____(educate) at Stanford.
2. The best way to teach —whether as an ____(educate) or parent —is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.
3. It's a country which places great emphasis on ___(educate).
4. It'll be an _____(educate) experience for him.
5. As you know, China is now undergoing modernization and is badly in need of well __________(educate) persons.
was educated
educator
education
educational
educated
37. tendency n.趋势，倾向
a tendency/tendencies to/towards ...的倾向
have a tendency to do... 具有做某事的倾向
There is a growing tendency among employers to hire casual staff.
雇主雇用临时职员有增加的趋势。
tend v.倾向，易于，照顾
tend to do...易于...，往往会...
tend (to) sb/ sth 照顾/ 处理
People tend to feel sleepy in spring, doze in summer and feel tired in autumn.
He carefully tended his sunflower plants.
38. lower adj. 下方的；下方的；（数字或数量）较小的；
v. 减低；把...放低
lower level 下水平，低电平
lower price 低价；降价
Company profits were 5% lower than last year.
公司的利润比去年降低了5%。
39. imply v. 意味着，暗示
What does the woman imply
这位女士在暗示什么？
How dare she imply that I was lying
她竟敢暗示我在撒谎？
implication n.含义
That was an implication.
而这是一个暗示。
implicit adj. 隐性的；含蓄的；暗示的
The ability to listen is implicit in the teacher's role.
教师的角色包括了懂得倾听。
40. barely adv. 几乎不，仅仅，勉强地
He could barely afford the fare.
他几乎付不起车费。
bare adj. 赤裸的，无遮拦的，没有植被的, 最基本的
vt. 使暴露，使露出
a bare mountain 光秃秃的山
bare feet 赤脚；光脚
the bare minimum of ...最小值
bare one's teeth 露出凶相；张牙咧嘴
bare one's opinion 发表意见
41. occupy vt. 占据，占领；居住；使忙碌
How much memory does the program occupy
这个程序占用多少内存？
It will not occupy much space.
它不会占很多地方。
occupy in 从事
be occupied in 沉迷于
occupied 已占用的；使用中的；无空闲的
42. stare vt. 凝视，盯着看
n. 凝视；注视
stare at 凝视，盯住
He fixed her with an angry stare.
他生气地盯着她。
She gave him a blank stare.
她面无表情地直视着他。
43. ceiling n. 天花板；上限
glass ceiling 玻璃天花板；玻璃顶棚
ceiling lamp 吊灯；顶灯；天花灯
I cracked my head on the low ceiling.
我的头撞上了低矮的天花板。
44. distract vt. 转移；分心
distract from 转移；使从…分心
It was another attempt to distract attention from the truth.
这又是企图分散人们对事实真相的注意力。
PART 02
词汇
45. perceive vt. 察觉，感觉；理解；认知
perceive as 视为；当作
She did not perceive herself as disabled.
她没有把自己看成残疾人。
PART 02
词汇
46. distinguish v. 区分；辨别；使杰出，使表现突出
distinguish from 区别，辨别
It's important to distinguish fact from fiction.
区别真实和虚构是重要的。
47. anxiety n. 焦虑；渴望；挂念；令人焦虑的事
anxiety for sth 渴望
social anxiety 社交焦虑社会焦虑
test anxiety 考试焦虑
Anxiety disorders 焦虑症
Anxiety can be caused by lack of sleep.
睡眠不足可能导致焦虑。
There is anxiety about the rising tide of crime.
犯罪率日益增长令人忧虑。
48. embarrassed adj. 难堪的；尴尬的
I've never felt so embarrassed in my life!
我一生中从未感到如此难堪过！
embarrass V. 使窘迫，使尴尬；
I didn't want to embarrass him by kissing him in front of his friends.
我并没想当着他的朋友吻他而使他感到难堪。
embarrassment n.
I nearly died of embarrassment when he said that.
他说那话差点儿把我给难堪死了。
49. ashamed adj. 羞愧的，羞耻的；惭愧的，内疚的；尴尬的；
ashamed of 难为情，害臊；对…感到羞耻；对…感到惭愧
feel ashamed 感到羞愧
Peter ought to be ashamed of himself.
彼得应为自己感到羞耻。
You should be ashamed of treating your daughter like that.
你这样对待自己的女儿应该感到羞愧。
50. merely adv. 仅仅，只不过；只是（simply，just，only，but，barely）
It is not merely a job, but a way of life.
这不仅仅是一份工作，而且是一种生活方式。
51. call on 访问，拜访；号召，请求
It's never the wrong time to call on Toad.
拜访托德的时机永远不会错。
Let's call on John.
咱们去看看约翰吧。
52. bother v. 烦扰，打扰；使……不安；因... 操心，麻烦；
n. 麻烦；烦恼
bother to do sth 费心去做某事
bother with 为…而费心，为…操心；用…打扰
Don't bother your father tonight—he's got a lot on his mind.
今晚就别打扰你父亲了—他的烦心事儿已经够多了。
I don't want to bother her with my problems at the moment.
我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。
53. weep v. 哭泣，流泪；-- wept--wept--weeping
weep for 为…而哭泣
weep over 因…而哭泣；为…流泪
I do not weep over his death.
他死了我也不哭。
Do not sigh, do not weep!
不要叹息，不要哭泣！
Allow yourself to weep for things you have lost.
容许你为自己已经失去的事物而哭泣。
54. at work 在工作；有某种影响
Don't phone me at work— people will talk.
别在上班时给我打电话，人家会说闲话的。
55. conflict n. 冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执
vi. 冲突，抵触；争执；战斗
in conflict with 和…冲突
Her diary was a record of her inner conflict.
她的日记记录了她内心的矛盾。
Many of these ideas appear to be in conflict with each other.
这些观念中有许多看上去似乎相互矛盾。
56. inquire v.询问；打听
inquire into 调查，探究
inquire about 询问，查问；打听
He called them several times to inquire about job possibilities.
他给他们打了几次电话打听就业的可能性。
Do you mind me to inquire about your salary
你介意我询问一下你的工资吗？
57. ultimately adv. 最后；最终（eventually；finally）
Ultimately, you'll have to make the decision yourself.
最终你还是得自己拿主意。
The divorce ultimately led to his ruin.
离婚最终使得他一贫如洗。
58. adjust v. 调整，使…适合；
adjust to 适应调整以适应
It takes time to adjust to a new job.
adjust and control 调控
adjust price 调整价格
You'll quickly adjust yourself to student life.
你将很快适应学生生活。
59. intervene vi. 干涉；干预；介入
intervene in 干预；插手；调停
We may have to intervene militarily in the area.
我们可能只好对这一地区进行军事干涉。
60. react vi. 对...反应；回应；（对食物）有不良反应
There's no knowing how he'll react.
很难预料他会有什么样的反应。
How did they react when they learned the news
他们听到这个消息有什么反应？
61. component n. 组成部分；零件，
key component 主要组成部份；关键组分
Trust is a vital component in any relationship.
在任何关系中，信任都是一个至关重要的因素。
62. tone n. 语气；腔调；口吻
tone of voice 语调；声调；口吻
She softened her tone a little.
她稍稍缓和了一下语气。
第二课时
课文（1）
LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions① in our interactions with other people②.We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language(1)．Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands(2) can also give us information about their feelings③.
①express our thoughts and opinions 表达我们的思想和观点
②interactions with other people 与他人的互动
③information about their feelings 有关他们的感受的信息
名词性从句作介词about的宾语
动名词短语作介词by的宾语
the way为先行词，后面是省略了that的定语从句
译文参考
倾听身体如何说话
在与他人的互动中，我们用语言和肢体语言来表达我们的思想和观点。我们可以通过观察人们的肢体语言来了解他们在想什么。语言很重要，但是人们站着、抱紧双臂、移动双手的方式也能告诉我们他们的感受。
Just like spoken language④, body language varies from culture to culture⑤.The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to⑥ the culture you are in(3)．
④ just like spoken language 就像口语一样
⑤ vary from culture to culture 因文化而异
⑥ be appropriate to 适合
译文参考
就像口语一样，身体语言也因文化而异。最重要的是要以一种适合你所在文化的方式使用肢体语言。
that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a way；其中you are in是省略了that的又一个定语从句，修饰先行词the culture。
For example, making eye contact⑦—looking into someone's eyes⑧—in some countries is a way to display interest.In other countries, by contrast⑨, eye contact is not always approved of⑩.For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact.In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person(4)．
⑦make eye contact 进行眼神交流
⑧look into someone's eyes 直视某人的眼睛
⑨by contrast 相比之下
⑩approve of 赞成
demonstrate respect 表示尊敬
look down 低头；向下看
it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语to look down
when talking...为时间状语。
译文参考
例如，在一些国家，进行眼神交流——直视某人的眼睛——是表现出兴趣的一种方式。相比而言，在其他国家，眼神交流并不总是被接受的。例如，在许多中东国家，社会不允许男女进行眼神交流。在日本，当你和年长的人说话时，低头可能是对长辈的尊重。
The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture(5) might think it means money(6)．In France, a person encountering an identical gesture(7) may interpret it as meaning zero .However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite(8)．
witnesses sb.doing... 看到某人正在做某事
interpret it as meaning zero 把它解释为零
avoid （doing）making this gesture 避免做这个手势
who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词someone
省略that的宾语从句
现在分词短语作名词person的后置定语
as引导原因状语从句
译文参考
“OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。在法国，面对同样的手势，人们会将其理解为“零”的意思。然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免这样做，因为这被认为是不礼貌的。
Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world .In many countries, shaking one's head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”．By comparison , in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning .There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part(9)．
around the world 世界各地；全世界
shake one's head 摇头
by comparison 相比之下
have the opposite meaning 有正好相反的含义
and连接三个how引导的宾语从句，其中we are talking to是省略了关系代词whom的定语从句，修饰先行词someone
when we meet or part为时间状语从句。
译文参考
甚至我们用作“是”和“不”的手势也因地而异。在许多国家，摇头表示“不”，点头表示“是”。相比之下，在保加利亚和南阿尔巴尼亚，手势的含义正好相反。我们彼此接触的方式、我们与谈话对象的距离以及我们见面或分手时的行为也存在差异。
In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet(10)．Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands , bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else(11)．
kiss their friends on the cheek 亲吻朋友的脸颊
favour shaking hands 更喜欢握手
1）in favor (of ) 表示“赞成、主张”
The students were in favor of reform. 学生赞成改革。
2）do sb. a favor或do a favor for sb. 给某人以恩惠，帮某人的忙
Would you do me a favor 帮我一下好吗？
译文参考
在法国和俄罗斯等国家，人们见面时可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
when引导时间状语从句。
Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes(12) means “sleep”．A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach(13) after a meal.
have the same meaning 有相同的含义
rest them on the side of your head 把它们放在头的一侧
in circles 绕圈；循环往复
译文参考
有些手势似乎在任何地方都有相同的含义。双手合拢放在头的一侧，同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。表示“我饱了”的一个好方法是饭后手在肚子上转几圈。
and连接两个动词 ing形式一起作主语
while closing your eyes为时间状语
Some body language has many different uses.Perhaps the best example is smiling.A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers .A smile can break down barriers .We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help , or to start a conversation.Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger .And if we are feeling down or lonely (14)，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
get through difficult situations 渡过难关 （通过；度过（难关、困境等）；接通电话）
in a world of strangers 在一群陌生人中 （大量的）
break down barriers 打破障碍（分解；出故障）
ask for help 请求帮助
make yourself feel happier and stronger 让自己更快乐、更坚强
feel down or lonely 感到沮丧或孤独
nothing better than 最好的莫过于；没有什么比……更好
if引导条件状语从句
译文参考
一些肢体语言有许多不同的用途。也许最好的例子就是微笑。微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在一群陌生人中找到朋友。微笑可以打破障碍。我们可以用微笑来道歉，问候别人，请求帮助，或者开始一段对话。专家建议对着镜子微笑，让自己更快乐、更坚强。如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
第三课时-语法
动词-ing形式
hearinglookingbuyingseeingto tellto visitlosingtalkingto getswimminggettingto saveinspiringinterestingamazingboringbeing shotcharminghavingreadingbeing seenbuildingmakingto informto meetreading the letteris terrifyingis being discussedhelping othersstarting his own business
选择性必修第一册
UNIT 4
BODY LANGUAGE
Listing
了解对话内容，能做对题
03
Grammer
每单元一个重点语法知识点，做练习
04
Contents
Words
重点单词掌握，变形，运用，短语，整理入册
01
Passgae
了解文章大意，掌握重点句型
02
1. interaction n.相互作用，相互影响；交流
interaction with 交往；与…相互作用
This improves the interaction with your team.
interactive adj. 交互式的；相互作用的
The school believes in interactive teaching methods.
这所学校相信互动教学法。
前缀：inter-“在--之间，相互”
international internet interplay 相互影响
interview 面试，采访，接见
2. vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
vary in 在……方面不同
vary with 随着……而变化
vary from 不同于……
vary from ... to ...
vary between ... and ... 由……到……情况不等
vary
various adj. 各种各的；不同的
varied adj. 不同的, 各式各样的
variety n. 多样化，种类 ＝a variety of/varieties of)多种多样的
variation n. 变化
1) 这些花的颜色和大小都不相同，但都很漂亮。
The flowers _____ but all of them are beautiful.
vary in color and size
2) 这家宾馆每个房间的费用由20美元到30美元不等。
The charge for a room in this hotel _____ $20 and $30.
varies between
3) 一般来说水果和蔬菜价格随季节变化而变化。
Generally speaking, prices of fruit and vegetables _____ the season.
vary with
3. appropriate vt.adj. 适当的；恰当的；合适的
appropriate time 适当时间
if appropriate 如果有的话;如果适当;在适当情况下
be appropriate / suitable / fit for be appropriate to/for 适合于
be appropriate to do sth. 做某事很合适
It is/was appropriate that sb.(should) do sth. 某人做某事是合适的
be appropriate to do sth. 做某事很合适
Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party.
正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。
appropriately adv. 适当地；合适的；相称地
4. by contrast [ba k ntrɑ st] 相比之下
in contrast with / to ...
和……形成对比，比较起来
eg By contrast, Mrs. Young was much more outspoken.
His white hair was in sharp contrast with/to his dark skin.
By contrast, the new technique is easy and cheap.
prove inferior（次的，较差的 ）by contrast 相形见绌
5. approve vi. 赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过
(1)approve of(sb./sb.'s) doing sth. 赞成/同意某人做某事
=agree with = be for =support
(2)approval n. 赞成；通过；同意；认可；批准
meet with one's approval 得到某人的赞许
give one's approval to sth. 批准某事；同意某事
(3)approving adj. 赞许的；许可的
= favorable = supportive =optimistic =positive
He seemed to approve of my choice.
He doesn’t approve of me leaving school this year.
I approve of what the government is doing.
阅读技巧：作者的态度是文章的基本基调，做题时如果与作者态度相反的选项可直接排除。
反义： disapprove 不赞成 disapprove of = be against
disapproving = opposed = negative =doubtful
不赞成的=反对的=否定的=怀疑的
6. demonstrate vt. 证明；展示；论证
demonstrate respect 表示尊重
We want to demonstrate our commitment to human rights.
我们想表明我们对人权的信念。
display 陈列；展示；表现
convey 传达；表达
illustrate 说明；证实
prove 证明
demonstration n.
7. gesture [ s ] n. 手势；姿势；姿态
A small gesture of kindness does generate blessings, even lighting up the dark world that someone is bathed in.（续写）
一个小小的善举确实可以带来幸运，甚至点亮一个人深深沉浸的灰暗世界。
关键词：小善举的大影响
适用主题：多年前的无意善举成就了另一个人
8. witness vt. 当场看到；目击；见证
n. 目击者；证人
(1)witness sth./that... 目击……
witness to(doing) sth. 证实/为……作证
(2) a witness of/to sth. 某事/物的目击者/见证人/证明/证据
Your success is a witness to your effort.你的成功是你努力的见证。
Police are appealing for witnesses to the accident to come forward.
Did anyone witness the attack
9. employ vt. 使用；应用；雇佣
employ sb. as ... 雇用某人作为……
employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
be employed in (doing) sth. 从事于（做）某事=be occupied / engaged / busy in doing sth
employee n. 受雇者，雇工，雇员
employer n. 雇用者，雇主
employment n. 雇用
The employers have make their efforts to create more employment chances so that more employees can be employed.
雇主尽最大的努力创造更多的就业机会来让更多的员工被雇用。
PART 01
词汇
10. identical [a d nt k l] adj. 同一的；完全相同的
be identical to/with = be the same as =be similar to （be different from）
The two pictures are similar, although not identical.
这两幅画很相似，虽然不完全相同。
In effect, the two systems are identical.
实际上，这两种系统完全一样。
11. interpret [ n t pr t] vt. 把...理解为（解释为）
interpret…as… 把…理解/解释为
right to interpret 解释权
interpreter 口译译员
interpretation n. 解释，理解；表演
The students were asked to interpret the poem.
学生们被要求诠释那首诗的意义
I didn't know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.
我不知该把她的沉默看作是接受还是拒绝。
12. differ vi. opinions 相异；不同于；有异议，有分歧
原文：Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.
different adj. 不同的，有区别的
difference n. 差异，不同
make a/no difference (to ...) （对……）有/没有影响
My brother differs from me in many ways.
John differs with his brother about/on/over the best way to cook fish.
Emily is completely different from her sister.
Whatever she did, it made no difference.
It won’t make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow.
PART 01
词汇
12. By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning.
by/in comparison 比较起来
comparison n. 比较
make a comparison 作比较
in comparison with 与……相比
compare v. 对比；比作；相比，比得上
PART 01
词汇
eg：
1) 诗人经常把人生比作一条河。(compare)
Poets often compare man’s life to a river.
2) 和欧洲其他国家相比较，英国的汽车价格非常高。(by comparison)
By comparison with other European countries, car prices in the UK are very high. 3）He was a loud friendly man. In comparison, his brother was rather shy.
4）After months of living in a tropical climate, Spain seemed cool by comparison.
5）You can't make a comparison between American and Japanese schools – they're too different.
PART 01
词汇
13. cheek n. 面颊，脸颊；
He pinched the baby's cheek playfully.
他捏着宝宝的脸颊逗着玩。
PART 01
词汇
14. favor n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同
vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于
ask a favor of sb. = ask sb. a favor
求某人帮忙
do sb. a favor 帮某人忙
in favor of 赞同，支持
in sb.’s favor 有助于某人
1) Could you __（帮我一个忙） and turn off the light
2) In their discussion, I was _____（支持） Mr. Li.
3) The current economy ____ the development of small businesses.
do me a favor
do me a favor
does not favor
PART 01
词汇
15. bow n. 弓；蝴蝶结；琴弓；船头
v. 鞠躬，点头；低（头）
bow down 鞠躬
take a bow 鞠躬答谢
Her hair was tied back in a neat bow.
她的头发扎在脑后打了个整齐的蝴蝶结
Will he not bow
难道他不鞠躬吗？
PART 01
词汇
16. waist n. 腰，腰部
He put his arm around her waist.
他搂住了她的腰。
PART 01
词汇
17. make inferences 推理；推断
A human can sometimes make inferences based on previous knowledge.
人们有时可以根据前面的知识进行推断
infer vt. 推断；推论-- inferred-- inferred---- inferring
We can infer something about where we came from.
make reference 参考；访问；查找；提及
You should make reference to a professional books.
PART 01
词汇
18. break down 消除；分解；打破；（机器等）坏了；（身体）垮了
A smile can break down barriers.
I hope the car doesn't break down while we're diving in the countryside.
我希望我们在乡下开车的时候，这辆车不会抛锚。
broke into the office
PART 01
词汇
18. 相关短语：
break into 强行进入；打断
break off 中断
break out 突发，爆发
break through 突破，突围
break up 打碎，分裂
1)The thieves ___and stole some money. 小偷闯入办公室，偷了一些钱。
2)Scientists think they are beginning to ___in the fight against cancer.
科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。
3）I was still living in London when the war ___.
战争爆发的时候我还住在伦敦。
broke into the office
break through
broke out
PART 01
词汇
19. barrier n. 障碍物，隔阂；界线
trade barrier 贸易壁垒
There was no real barrier between reality and fantasy in his mind.
在他的头脑中，现实与幻想之间没有真正的界线。
20. fake adj. 假的；冒充的
No one spotted that the gun was a fake.
没有人留意到那是一支假枪。
PART 01
词汇
21. anger n. 怒，愤怒；忿怒
vt. 使发怒，激怒；恼火
in anger 生气地，愤怒地
1）He clenched his fists in anger.
他愤怒地攥紧了拳头。
2）Eventually, his anger dissipated.
他的愤怒终于平息了。
3）She masked her anger with a smile.
她用微笑来掩饰她的愤怒。
PART 01
词汇
22. reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的
reliable quality 质量可靠
reliable data 可靠数据
reliable information 可靠的信息
He's not very reliable, but I like him just the same.
他不太可靠，但我还是喜欢他。
rely vi. 依靠；信赖
rely on 依靠
As babies, we rely entirely on others for food.
在婴儿时期，我们完全依赖别人喂食。
PART 01
词汇
23. incident n. 发生的事件；严重的事件；冲突
The children started to act out the whole incident.
孩子们开始表演整个事件。
This incident coloured her whole life.
这事件影响了她的一生。
24. trial n. & v.试验；审讯；试用；努力；磨炼
on trial 在试验中；在受审
free trial 免费试用
He did not receive a fair trial.
他没有受到公正的审判。
PART 01
词汇
25. slight adj. 轻微的，少量的；脆弱的；
slight fever 微热，低烧
slight pain 轻微疼痛
slight illness 小病；不适；头疼脑热
There was a slight collision but my car was undamaged.
虽有轻微碰撞，但我的汽车没有损坏。
slightly adv. 略微；轻微地；纤细地
My arms were aching so I shifted (my) position slightly.
我胳膊疼了，所以稍微变了变姿势。
The pound closed slightly down at $1.534.
英镑的汇价略跌，收盘时为1.534美元。
PART 01
词汇
26. twin n. 双胞胎中的一人；一对相似的事物之一
adj. 孪生的；双胞胎之一的；双生的；成双的；双重的
twin brother/sister n. 孪生兄弟 /姐妹
Can you tell Tom from his twin brother
你能分得出汤姆和他的孪生弟弟吗？
PART 01
词汇
27.assess vt. 评定；估价；
Teaching assess 教学评估教学评价
Insurance Assess 保险估价
It's difficult to assess the effects of these changes.
这些变化带来的效果难以评估。
assessment n. 评定；估价
assessment method 评价法
He wrote a very generous assessment of my work.
他给我写的工作评价多有赞誉之词。
PART 01
词汇
28.internal adj. 内部的；体内的；本身的；
internal control 内部控制；内控
internal force 内力
The country stepped up internal security.
该国加强了国内安全防卫。
PART 01
词汇
29. straighten up: 直起来，整理，收拾整齐
Teachers remind the children to stay for a few minutes to pick up garbage and straighten up the desks and chairs.
straighten out: 解决，整顿，改好，变好
His teacher's words helped him straighten out his thinking.
30.pose vi. 摆姿势；佯装；矫揉造作
n. 姿势，姿态；装模作样
She rearranged herself in another pose.
她重新摆了个姿势。
PART 01
词汇
31.bend v. 使...弯曲，倾斜 （ bent, bent ）；
bend one's head/ knees
bend over/down 弯腰，俯身于...
bend one's mind/efforts to sth
bend the truth
n. 转弯，弯道；弯曲
on/at a sharp bend在一个急转弯处
PART 01
词汇
32. reveal vt.揭露，显示，露出
reveal sth to sb
Officers could not reveal how he died.
警察们不能透露他的死因。
revealing: adj. 暴露的，透露内情的
PART 01
词汇
33. clarify v.使更清晰易懂，澄清，阐明
clarify the present situation澄清目前的状态
She asked him to clarify what he meant.
她要他说清楚他是什么意思。
clarification n.澄清
ask for clarification of...要求对...予以澄清
I am seeking clarification of the regulations.
我正在努力弄清楚这些规则
PART 01
词汇
35. in other words
They asked him to leave—in other words he was fired.
他们请他走人，也就是说，他被解雇了。
in a word 总之；简言之
beyond words = beyond description 难以言表；尽在不言中；无法用语言表达
break/eat one's word 失信，食言
give/keep one's word 许下诺言
have a word with sb 与某人交谈
have words with sb 与……争吵
There is no word that... 没有消息说…
word came that... 消息传来,…
word for word 逐字地
36. educator n.教师，教育家
educationalist 教育家，教育学家
educate v.教育
education n.教育
educational adj. 教育的,与教育有关的
educated adj.受过教育的
well educated 受过良好教育的
PART 02
词汇
1.The form says he ____(educate) at Stanford.
2. The best way to teach —whether as an ____(educate) or parent —is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.
3. It's a country which places great emphasis on ___(educate).
4. It'll be an _____(educate) experience for him.
5. As you know, China is now undergoing modernization and is badly in need of well __________(educate) persons.
was educated
educator
education
educational
educated
37. tendency n.趋势，倾向
a tendency/tendencies to/towards ...的倾向
have a tendency to do... 具有做某事的倾向
There is a growing tendency among employers to hire casual staff.
雇主雇用临时职员有增加的趋势。
tend v.倾向，易于，照顾
tend to do...易于...，往往会...
tend (to) sb/ sth 照顾/ 处理
People tend to feel sleepy in spring, doze in summer and feel tired in autumn.
He carefully tended his sunflower plants.
38. lower adj. 下方的；下方的；（数字或数量）较小的；
v. 减低；把...放低
lower level 下水平，低电平
lower price 低价；降价
Company profits were 5% lower than last year.
公司的利润比去年降低了5%。
39. imply v. 意味着，暗示
What does the woman imply
这位女士在暗示什么？
How dare she imply that I was lying
她竟敢暗示我在撒谎？
implication n.含义
That was an implication.
而这是一个暗示。
implicit adj. 隐性的；含蓄的；暗示的
The ability to listen is implicit in the teacher's role.
教师的角色包括了懂得倾听。
40. barely adv. 几乎不，仅仅，勉强地
He could barely afford the fare.
他几乎付不起车费。
bare adj. 赤裸的，无遮拦的，没有植被的, 最基本的
vt. 使暴露，使露出
a bare mountain 光秃秃的山
bare feet 赤脚；光脚
the bare minimum of ...最小值
bare one's teeth 露出凶相；张牙咧嘴
bare one's opinion 发表意见
41. occupy vt. 占据，占领；居住；使忙碌
How much memory does the program occupy
这个程序占用多少内存？
It will not occupy much space.
它不会占很多地方。
occupy in 从事
be occupied in 沉迷于
occupied 已占用的；使用中的；无空闲的
42. stare vt. 凝视，盯着看
n. 凝视；注视
stare at 凝视，盯住
He fixed her with an angry stare.
他生气地盯着她。
She gave him a blank stare.
她面无表情地直视着他。
43. ceiling n. 天花板；上限
glass ceiling 玻璃天花板；玻璃顶棚
ceiling lamp 吊灯；顶灯；天花灯
I cracked my head on the low ceiling.
我的头撞上了低矮的天花板。
44. distract vt. 转移；分心
distract from 转移；使从…分心
It was another attempt to distract attention from the truth.
这又是企图分散人们对事实真相的注意力。
PART 02
词汇
45. perceive vt. 察觉，感觉；理解；认知
perceive as 视为；当作
She did not perceive herself as disabled.
她没有把自己看成残疾人。
PART 02
词汇
46. distinguish v. 区分；辨别；使杰出，使表现突出
distinguish from 区别，辨别
It's important to distinguish fact from fiction.
区别真实和虚构是重要的。
47. anxiety n. 焦虑；渴望；挂念；令人焦虑的事
anxiety for sth 渴望
social anxiety 社交焦虑社会焦虑
test anxiety 考试焦虑
Anxiety disorders 焦虑症
Anxiety can be caused by lack of sleep.
睡眠不足可能导致焦虑。
There is anxiety about the rising tide of crime.
犯罪率日益增长令人忧虑。
48. embarrassed adj. 难堪的；尴尬的
I've never felt so embarrassed in my life!
我一生中从未感到如此难堪过！
embarrass V. 使窘迫，使尴尬；
I didn't want to embarrass him by kissing him in front of his friends.
我并没想当着他的朋友吻他而使他感到难堪。
embarrassment n.
I nearly died of embarrassment when he said that.
他说那话差点儿把我给难堪死了。
49. ashamed adj. 羞愧的，羞耻的；惭愧的，内疚的；尴尬的；
ashamed of 难为情，害臊；对…感到羞耻；对…感到惭愧
feel ashamed 感到羞愧
Peter ought to be ashamed of himself.
彼得应为自己感到羞耻。
You should be ashamed of treating your daughter like that.
你这样对待自己的女儿应该感到羞愧。
50. merely adv. 仅仅，只不过；只是（simply，just，only，but，barely）
It is not merely a job, but a way of life.
这不仅仅是一份工作，而且是一种生活方式。
51. call on 访问，拜访；号召，请求
It's never the wrong time to call on Toad.
拜访托德的时机永远不会错。
Let's call on John.
咱们去看看约翰吧。
52. bother v. 烦扰，打扰；使……不安；因... 操心，麻烦；
n. 麻烦；烦恼
bother to do sth 费心去做某事
bother with 为…而费心，为…操心；用…打扰
Don't bother your father tonight—he's got a lot on his mind.
今晚就别打扰你父亲了—他的烦心事儿已经够多了。
I don't want to bother her with my problems at the moment.
我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。
53. weep v. 哭泣，流泪；-- wept--wept--weeping
weep for 为…而哭泣
weep over 因…而哭泣；为…流泪
I do not weep over his death.
他死了我也不哭。
Do not sigh, do not weep!
不要叹息，不要哭泣！
Allow yourself to weep for things you have lost.
容许你为自己已经失去的事物而哭泣。
54. at work 在工作；有某种影响
Don't phone me at work— people will talk.
别在上班时给我打电话，人家会说闲话的。
55. conflict n. 冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执
vi. 冲突，抵触；争执；战斗
in conflict with 和…冲突
Her diary was a record of her inner conflict.
她的日记记录了她内心的矛盾。
Many of these ideas appear to be in conflict with each other.
这些观念中有许多看上去似乎相互矛盾。
56. inquire v.询问；打听
inquire into 调查，探究
inquire about 询问，查问；打听
He called them several times to inquire about job possibilities.
他给他们打了几次电话打听就业的可能性。
Do you mind me to inquire about your salary
你介意我询问一下你的工资吗？
57. ultimately adv. 最后；最终（eventually；finally）
Ultimately, you'll have to make the decision yourself.
最终你还是得自己拿主意。
The divorce ultimately led to his ruin.
离婚最终使得他一贫如洗。
58. adjust v. 调整，使…适合；
adjust to 适应调整以适应
It takes time to adjust to a new job.
adjust and control 调控
adjust price 调整价格
You'll quickly adjust yourself to student life.
你将很快适应学生生活。
59. intervene vi. 干涉；干预；介入
intervene in 干预；插手；调停
We may have to intervene militarily in the area.
我们可能只好对这一地区进行军事干涉。
60. react vi. 对...反应；回应；（对食物）有不良反应
There's no knowing how he'll react.
很难预料他会有什么样的反应。
How did they react when they learned the news
他们听到这个消息有什么反应？
61. component n. 组成部分；零件，
key component 主要组成部份；关键组分
Trust is a vital component in any relationship.
在任何关系中，信任都是一个至关重要的因素。
62. tone n. 语气；腔调；口吻
tone of voice 语调；声调；口吻
She softened her tone a little.
她稍稍缓和了一下语气。
第二课时
课文（1）
LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions① in our interactions with other people②.We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language(1)．Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands(2) can also give us information about their feelings③.
①express our thoughts and opinions 表达我们的思想和观点
②interactions with other people 与他人的互动
③information about their feelings 有关他们的感受的信息
名词性从句作介词about的宾语
动名词短语作介词by的宾语
the way为先行词，后面是省略了that的定语从句
译文参考
倾听身体如何说话
在与他人的互动中，我们用语言和肢体语言来表达我们的思想和观点。我们可以通过观察人们的肢体语言来了解他们在想什么。语言很重要，但是人们站着、抱紧双臂、移动双手的方式也能告诉我们他们的感受。
Just like spoken language④, body language varies from culture to culture⑤.The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to⑥ the culture you are in(3)．
④ just like spoken language 就像口语一样
⑤ vary from culture to culture 因文化而异
⑥ be appropriate to 适合
译文参考
就像口语一样，身体语言也因文化而异。最重要的是要以一种适合你所在文化的方式使用肢体语言。
that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a way；其中you are in是省略了that的又一个定语从句，修饰先行词the culture。
For example, making eye contact⑦—looking into someone's eyes⑧—in some countries is a way to display interest.In other countries, by contrast⑨, eye contact is not always approved of⑩.For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact.In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person(4)．
⑦make eye contact 进行眼神交流
⑧look into someone's eyes 直视某人的眼睛
⑨by contrast 相比之下
⑩approve of 赞成
demonstrate respect 表示尊敬
look down 低头；向下看
it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语to look down
when talking...为时间状语。
译文参考
例如，在一些国家，进行眼神交流——直视某人的眼睛——是表现出兴趣的一种方式。相比而言，在其他国家，眼神交流并不总是被接受的。例如，在许多中东国家，社会不允许男女进行眼神交流。在日本，当你和年长的人说话时，低头可能是对长辈的尊重。
The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture(5) might think it means money(6)．In France, a person encountering an identical gesture(7) may interpret it as meaning zero .However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite(8)．
witnesses sb.doing... 看到某人正在做某事
interpret it as meaning zero 把它解释为零
avoid （doing）making this gesture 避免做这个手势
who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词someone
省略that的宾语从句
现在分词短语作名词person的后置定语
as引导原因状语从句
译文参考
“OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。在法国，面对同样的手势，人们会将其理解为“零”的意思。然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免这样做，因为这被认为是不礼貌的。
Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world .In many countries, shaking one's head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”．By comparison , in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning .There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part(9)．
around the world 世界各地；全世界
shake one's head 摇头
by comparison 相比之下
have the opposite meaning 有正好相反的含义
and连接三个how引导的宾语从句，其中we are talking to是省略了关系代词whom的定语从句，修饰先行词someone
when we meet or part为时间状语从句。
译文参考
甚至我们用作“是”和“不”的手势也因地而异。在许多国家，摇头表示“不”，点头表示“是”。相比之下，在保加利亚和南阿尔巴尼亚，手势的含义正好相反。我们彼此接触的方式、我们与谈话对象的距离以及我们见面或分手时的行为也存在差异。
In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet(10)．Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands , bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else(11)．
kiss their friends on the cheek 亲吻朋友的脸颊
favour shaking hands 更喜欢握手
1）in favor (of ) 表示“赞成、主张”
The students were in favor of reform. 学生赞成改革。
2）do sb. a favor或do a favor for sb. 给某人以恩惠，帮某人的忙
Would you do me a favor 帮我一下好吗？
译文参考
在法国和俄罗斯等国家，人们见面时可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
when引导时间状语从句。
Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes(12) means “sleep”．A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach(13) after a meal.
have the same meaning 有相同的含义
rest them on the side of your head 把它们放在头的一侧
in circles 绕圈；循环往复
译文参考
有些手势似乎在任何地方都有相同的含义。双手合拢放在头的一侧，同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。表示“我饱了”的一个好方法是饭后手在肚子上转几圈。
and连接两个动词 ing形式一起作主语
while closing your eyes为时间状语
Some body language has many different uses.Perhaps the best example is smiling.A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers .A smile can break down barriers .We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help , or to start a conversation.Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger .And if we are feeling down or lonely (14)，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
get through difficult situations 渡过难关 （通过；度过（难关、困境等）；接通电话）
in a world of strangers 在一群陌生人中 （大量的）
break down barriers 打破障碍（分解；出故障）
ask for help 请求帮助
make yourself feel happier and stronger 让自己更快乐、更坚强
feel down or lonely 感到沮丧或孤独
nothing better than 最好的莫过于；没有什么比……更好
if引导条件状语从句
译文参考
一些肢体语言有许多不同的用途。也许最好的例子就是微笑。微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在一群陌生人中找到朋友。微笑可以打破障碍。我们可以用微笑来道歉，问候别人，请求帮助，或者开始一段对话。专家建议对着镜子微笑，让自己更快乐、更坚强。如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
第三课时-语法
动词-ing形式
hearinglookingbuyingseeingto tellto visitlosingtalkingto getswimminggettingto saveinspiringinterestingamazingboringbeing shotcharminghavingreadingbeing seenbuildingmakingto informto meetreading the letteris terrifyingis being discussedhelping othersstarting his own business