2015年中考英语专题复习 形容词副词导学案

2015年中考英语专题复习 形容词副词导学案
形容词的概念：
概念 用法 位置
形容词是用来说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态的词。 作定语 放在名词______(前、后),不定代词________(前、后)；
作表语 放在________动词之后；
作宾补 放在宾语后，常与make , keep 等动词连用；
考点一、形容词的用法：
1、作定语
①This is an interesting book.
②I have nothing important to tell you.
③The classroom is three meters long. and 5 meters wide (五米宽)
观察①②句，形容词作定语时放在名词 (前、后)，放在不定代词 (前、后);
观察③句，表长、高、宽、深等度量的形容词的结构为：________ +单位量词+________（填词性）
2、作表语
① The work is difficult. ②She looks happy today.
difficult是形容词，放在 后面，作表语。
常见的系动词有： ______________________________
3、作宾语补足语观察划线部分总结归纳make/keep/find/think跟宾补的句型，写在其后横线上。
① It made me very ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ppy to receive the letter.
②Please keep the room clean .
③I find it very beaut ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iful.
④ They all think the student clever.
及时训练：She always makes us (sad, sadly)
考点二、形容词、副词的比较等级和形式构成
1、形容词、副词一般有三个等级，即 （如big, bigger, biggest）。
2、比较级和最高级的构成规则：
(1)单音节和部分双音节比较级加 ，最高级加 。
① 直接加er, 如： tall ---- ; fast ---
② 以e结尾加r. . 如：fine --- ; nice ---
③ 以重读闭音节加辅音字母结尾的词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er. 构成比较级，加-est构成最高级；常考的重读闭音节词有：
如： hot --- ; thin --- ；wet ---
fat __________--___________; big________--_________; red_______--________
sad_________--____________;
④ 以“辅音字母+y”的双音节词，改y为i , 再加-er.
如： happy --- ; early ---
⑤部分双音节词和多音节词在前面加more 构成比较级，在其前面加 most 构成最高级。
如：difficult ______ _ -- _________carefully _____ -- _______
⑥ 切记：以形容词+ly结尾的副词，都加more, most 构成比较级、最高级
clearly—_____________—__________slowly—______________—______________
3、不规则变化：
A. 下列单、双音节形容词只用用more 和most 构成比较级和最高级
tired(累的)____________________--__________________
pleased(高兴的)______________________--_______________________
B. 特殊变化：（参照《赢在中考》P17，要求先背诵，然后不看资料，自我检测，再进行核对）
①bad(坏的)/ ill（有病的） --
②many(许多)/much --
③good(好的)/well(健康的) --
④far(远的) / -- /
⑤old(年岁大的) / -- /
⑥little(少的) --
及时训练：1. My ___ brother is __ than me. (older，elder)
2. Beijing is ___ than Zhejiang from Shanghai .(farther、further)
3. Some students go abroad for ___ studies. (farther、further)
考点三、形容词的构成
1、 名词加后缀-ful或-y、去e+y、直接+ly构成
Eg: 1)use-useful , care-- ; hope-- ; beauty-- ;
2)wind-windy, health -- , noise -- ; friend-- ; love--
2、 数词-名词（单数）构成复合形容词 （比如：a 6-year-old boy）
Eg:一个八岁的男孩： ______ ；一个长达两个月的课程(course)
3、 -ing形容词和-ed形容词
1) -ing形容词表示“令人…..”,表主动意义，一般修饰 。
如：boring ；ex ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )citing _ ；interesting ； surprising______________
2)-ed形容词表示“感到…..”，表被动含义，一般修饰 。
如：bored ；excited _______； interested ；surprised_______________
考点四：副词构成：
副词的概念：常用来修饰 、 、 的词或整句。
(一)形容词、副词词形的变化规律。
形容词变成副词的变化规律：
1、直接由形容词加-1y构成。
如：①. quiet--- ，②. slow--- ,③. bad---
2、以辅音字母+le结尾的词，去-e加-y.
如：①.simpl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e--- , ②. gentle-- , ③. terrible---
3、以e结尾的adj.，一般都保留e , 直接+ly
如：①.complete—__________ ②. nice—__________ ③. polite--_____________
4、以辅音字母+y结尾的词，改-y为i, 再加-ly.
如：①. easy--- , ②. happy--- , ③. busy---
5、其他变化形式：full-fully(完全地) ， true---truly(确实地).
6、不带-ly的常用副词有： well, fast, hard, high, straight. 等。
注意：hardly 不是hard ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的副词。hardly译为 “ ” ；hard作形容词是“ ”意思，常用词组 have a hard time (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难；作副词是“ ”的意思，常用词组: work /study hard.
有些以ly结尾的词是形容词不是副词：日常的 ___ , 可爱的 __ ,友好的 ___
孤独的 , 丑陋的 , 活泼的，生动的 ；likely______；每周一次的_______
及时训练：( )① Mrs Smith has a cute baby. It often smiles at people
A. friendly B. lovely C. happily D. lively
（二）.“动词+副词”结构的词组， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如果代词作宾语，则代词一定要放在该词组中间，名词作宾语可以放中间，也可以放在后面。e.g.: Put this coat on . Put on this coat. Put it on.
但“动词+介词”，这种结构的宾语不管是名词或代词都只能放在介词后面。
初中阶段常见的词组如下：e.g： 寻找_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )__________ ；look after__________ ；看…__________；听…___________ ； hear of___________； hear from __________； 从事于 _____________；考虑___________；想起__________；care about 在乎； 嘲笑___________；
e.g.: Please listen to me carefully.
考点五、常考副词的用法
（1） also, too, either, neither
1、 He has finished his paper(论文). I have also finished mine. 他完成他的论文，我也完成了我的。=He has finished his paper(论文). I have, too.
【归纳】also用于 （肯定/否定），用于 （句中/末），too用于 （肯定/否定），用于 （句中/末）；
2、 He can’t swim. I can’t , either. 他不会游泳，我也不会。
= He can’t swim. Neither can I .
【归纳】either用于 （肯定/否定），用于 （句中/末），neither用于 （肯定/否定），用于 （句中/末/首），要倒装。
3、 Either you or h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e is supposed to have a meeting. Neither you nor he is wrong.
【归纳】either…or…译为 ；neither…nor…译为 ___ ；连接两个主语用
原则，有同样用法的还有 。
（2） how often, how long, how soon
1、---How often do you play sports ---Every day./ Once a week.
2、---How long have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you been in this city ---For ten years/ Since ten years ago.
3、---How soon will he come back ---In half an hour.
【归纳】how often译为 __，常用于问 ，常用于一般现在时；
how long译为 __ ，常用 回答，常用 ___ （时态）
how soon译为 __， 常用 回答，常用 __（时态）
(三) good, well
1、He is a good player. He can play basketball very well.
2、I’m not feeling well now. I must see a doctor at once.
【归纳】good 作形容词，意为“好的”。
句1中，well作_________(填词性)时，意为“好地“，常用来修饰___________(填词性)；
句2中，well 作__________(填词性)时，意为“好的，健康的”，侧重指身体状况；
(四)enough
1、He walks slowly enough.
This article is difficult enough to write.
【归纳】上面两个例句中enough作副词， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )充当形容词或副词的修饰语，必须放在其______(前、后)；可构成结构：…+adj./ adv.+ enough + _____________(填动词形式)；
中考英语 之 形容词和副词的比较等级 (★为不常考知识点)
1. 中考怎么考？
1.—Do you have the news about Anna
—I was told sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e had gone abroad on June 15th, but I don’t know whether she is there now.
A. latest B. funniest C. longest D. worst
2. —Joe, would you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )please drive a little (fast) than before
—No hurry. We have enough time before the train leaves.
3. —How did you lose the soccer match
—We had _______ players. They had eleven while we had only nine!
A. less B. better C. fewer D. more
4. — Do you know so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )und travels very fast — Yes. But light travels sound.
A. as fast as B. a little faster than C. much faster than D. slower than
5. After that, her tea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cher _______________________________ (更多地关注) her. (pay)
6.—Is Lucy or Lily ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the ______of the twins —Lucy. She was born half an hour earlier.
A. younger B. youngest C. elder D. eldest
2. 中考考什么？
1. 三个比较等级
①没有比较，用原级 例：Jim’s sister is very young.
②两者比较，用比较级，常由than连接 例：Jim’s sister is younger than Kate.
③三个或以上比较，用最高级。形容词最高级前要加the，副词最高级前the要不要都可
例：Jim’s sister is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the youngest. Jim jumped (the) farthest of all.
★通常用介词of, among, in来表示三个或以上进行比较，见下表
在复数意思的词前用 of 或among 在单数意思的词前用 in
of the four 在四个之中 in the house 在家中
of all 在所有的人之中 in China 在中国
of all the boys 在所有的男孩中 in the would 在世界上
of us 在我们之中 in our school 在我们学校
of all things 在所有的事情当中 in my family 在我家
1. is one of ________ shopping websites in China.
A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest
2. Lin Fang comes home _______ than before this term. She doesn’t have so many classes in the afternoon. A. early B. earlier C. late D. later
3. —Who ran of all in the sports meeting —Hector did, I think.
A. fast B. faster C. the fastest D. more fast
4. We held a concert in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the hall yesterday, Kate sang among the singers.
A. good B. well C. better D. best
2. as+形，副词原级+as 指“…和…一样” 例：Jim is as old as Kate. 吉姆和凯特一样大。
否定句为：not as +原级+as= not so +原级 +as
例：Jim is not as old as Kate. (应翻译为：吉姆没有凯特大)
the same as指“…和…一样”例：Your bike is the same as mine. 你的自行车和我的一样。
5. Liu Ying is as _____ as her sister.
A. tall B. taller C. the tallest
6. Liu Ying is good at singing. She sings ______the famous singer, CoCo.
A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. as the best as
7. Steve isn’t as _______ as Kelly. He often makes mistakes in his writing.
A. careless B. tidy C. careful D. difficult
8. Peter speaks Chines ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e well indeed, but of course not ___ a local speaker in China.
A. so fluently ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) as B. more fluent than C. as fluent as D. much fluently than
9. In fact, my bike is the same ________.
A. to yours B. as yours C. as you D. to you
3. 比较级+and+比较级 指“越来越…”
例：He is getting fatter and fatter. (越来越胖)
Our school is getting more and more beautiful. (越来越美丽)
4. the + 比较级， the + 比较级 指“越…， 越…”
例：The more you eat, the fatter you’ll become. 你吃的越多，你变得越胖。
5. 比较级前可加一些修饰词，表示比较的程度，常见的有五个：
3 years(三年) \ much许多 \ a little一点 \ even甚至 \ far非常
例：I am 3 years older than Jim. (大三岁)
Lucy is much older than Tom. （大许多）
10. Jack, how are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you feeling today —Much ___. I think I can go to school tomorrow.
A. better B. worse C. brighter D. weaker
11. Debbie is growing fast. She is even____________ than her mother.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
12. The box was _____ tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n I had expected. I was out of breath when I got home.
A. more heavier B. much heavier C. little heavier D. very heavier
13. Mike is ______, but his brother Sam is much ______.
A. heavy; heavier B. heavy; heaviest C. heavier; heaviest D. heavier; the heaviest
14. —It’s smoggy t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hese days. That’s terrible!—Yes, I hope to plant trees. ______ trees, ______air pollution.
A. The more; the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) fewer B. the less; the more C. The less; the fewer D. The more; the less
15. —Remember this , chil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dren . _______careful you are , _______mistakes you will make . —We know , Mr. Li .
A. The more; the mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re B. The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less
16. Everyone knows that China is getting ________.
6. A. strong and str ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ong B. stronger and stronger C. more strong and strong D. strongest and strongest
7. ★注意这一用法
例：The Yellow Riv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er is the second longest river in China. （第二长，在最高级前加序数词second）
黄河是中国第二长的河流。
8. 比较的两个部分应该平等，一致
例：My ruler is longer than his. （我的尺与他的尺his=his ruler，才能比较）
My ruler is longer than he.（错） （我的尺与他这个人he，不能比较）
The students of Cl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ass One study harder than those of Class Two. (those代替the students)
The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing. (that代替the weather)
Kate gives me more help than Jim does. (does代替gives)
9. 用比较级表示三个或以上进行比较时，应符合逻辑
例：Jim is taller than any other student in his class. 吉姆比班上任何别的学生都高。
Shanghai is bigger than any city in Australia. 上海比澳大利亚的任何一个城市都大。
Bill is taller than any girl in his class. 比尔比他班上的任何一个女生都高。
17. —Everyone knows C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anada is the second largest country in the world.—That is, it is larger than _______ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
18. Jim is taller than ________ boy in the class.
A. the other B. any other C. each D. all
19. The machines made in China are cheaper than ________ made in Japan.
A. ones B. that C. those D. it
20. She has curlier hair than ________.
A. Tina B. Tina’s C. Tina is D. Tina’s is
21. The weather in Wuhan is much better in summer than ________.
A. in Beijing B. that in Beijing C. those of Beijing D. Beijing
22. John gives me more help than ________.
A. Tom is B. Tom has C. Tom does D. Tom gives
10. like better 表示“比…更喜欢…” 例：I like apples better than pears.
like best 表示 “最喜欢… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )” 例：Which do you like best, apples, bananas or pears
11. 比较级和最高级的规则变化
①一般在词尾加 er, est 例: short→shorter→shortest
②以e结尾的词,只加r,st 例: late→later→latest
③以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先y改为i，再加er,est 例: busy→busier→busiest
④以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这一辅音字母,再加er,est 例:hot→hotter→hottest
12. 多音节词在前加more和most构成比较级和最高级
例：beautiful →more beautiful →most beautiful（beautiful为多音节词）
13. 不规则变化
good, well better best little less least
bad, ill, badly worse worst far farther farthest
many, much more most few fewer fewest
表格说明：
①good 形容词，指“好的” 例：Doing eye exercises is good for your health.
well 作形容词时，仅指“人身体好” 例：I am well today.
作副词时，指“好地” 例：He did well in English.
②bad 形容词，指“东西坏的” 例：The food is bad.
ill 形容词，指“身体不好，病了”例：Jim is ill today.
badly 副词，指“坏地” 例：He did badly
③more 还可表示“又，再”
例：Five more ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) students have come. （five more students= another five students）
23. —If you prefer th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e red evening dress, you’ll have to pay ______ 30 dollars, because it’s made of silk. —OK. Here you are.
A. other B. the other C. more D. another
24. The bread smells ______ and it sells ______.
A. well; good B. good; good C. good; well D. well; well
25. Da Shan is _______ at Chinese. He can speak Chinese very _______.
A. good, good B. well, well C. good, well D. well, good
26. There will b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e ___ jobs for people because some robots will do the same jobs as people.
A. many B. more C fewer D. fewest
27. —Is your headache getting _______ —No, it’s worse.
A. better B. bad C. less D. well
28. —Which season do you like ______, winter or summer —Summer.
A. well B. better C. best D. the best
29. —He is the only o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne who failed in the math exam.—Really You mean he studies ___.
A. the most care ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ful B. the least careful C. the most carefully D. the least carefully
30. How are you today ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ,Mike —I’m now. I don’t think this medicine is good for me.
A. badly B. better C. well D. worse
一网打尽：
写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级：
few early hot thin
good,well many,much little far
bad,ill,badly delicious
1. Water is the cheapest drink. And it is also ______.
A. healthier ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. healthiest C. the healthier D. the healthiest
2. —What do you th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ink of her teaching English —Great! No one teaches ____ in our school.
A. good B. worse C. better D. best
3. —Do you enjoy Han Lei’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s songs —Yes. He is the winner of I’m Singer Ⅱ. I can’t think of anyone with a ______ voice.
A. better B. best C. more D. most
4. Come here at Christmas! You can buy ______ clothes in a year.
A. the cheapest B. cheaper C. the worst D. worse
5. Of the two shirts, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I’d like to choose the_____ one to save some money for a cap.
A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive
6. —The picture is, I have to say, not a bit beautiful.—Why It’s ______ than the pictures I have ever seen.
A. far more beautiful B. much less beautiful C. no more beautiful D. any less beautiful
7. Many student ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s say that if there were no examinations they should have ______ at school.
A. the happi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )est time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
8. I am sorry this coat is not big enough. I want a _______ one.
A. bigger B. big C. smaller D. small
9. —Tom, are you _______ boy in your class —No, but John is. I’m shorter than him.
A. the tallest B. the shortest C. the youngest D. the oldest
10. 【2013河北】34. I'm sorry I'm late. I should get here 10 minutes________.
A. early B. earlier C. the earlier D. the earliest
11. — Dad. Would you ple ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ase drive ________ — No hurry. We have enough time before the plane takes off. A. faster B. more slowly C. more carefully
12. The world’s populat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion is growing and there is land and water for growing rice.
A. more; less B. larger; fewer C. larger; less D. more; fewer
13. I am good at math, but his English is ________ than mine.
A. much better B. more better C. very better D. pretty better
14. — Do you like the west ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ern food, Li Li — No, I think the food of our country is______ that of western countries.
A. much more de ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )licious than B. less delicious than C. not as delicious as D. as delicious as
15. The teacher is wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se enough to explain the most question in _________ way.
A.simple B.simple C.the simplest
16. David jumped ________ in the long jump. He won the game.
A. longest B. farthest C. fastest D. highest
17. How far is it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to the airport 20 kilometers ------No, it’s ________. About 30 kilometers.
A. far B. farther C. the farther D. the farthest
18. The dish is delicious! ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ------Well, at least it’s ________ the one I cooked yesterday.
A. as good as B. worse than C. as well as D. as bad as
19. Let’s go to the new restaurant on 24th Street for dinner tonight. ------We can cook it at home. It’s ________.A. expensive B. more expensive C. less expensive D. the most expensive
20. Our family has bought a car so we can travel ________ than before.
A. most easily B. less easily C. easily D. more easily
21. Daniel is a careful driver, but he drives ________ of my friends.
A. more carefully B. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully
22. Why was Mrs. Smith ang ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry with Jack ------Because he worked ________ than the others.
A. more carefully B. worse C. better D. more clearly
23. If there are __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ people driving, there will be ________ air pollution. ------Yes, the air will be fresher.
A. less, less B. less, fewer C. fewer, fewer D. fewer, less
24. Is chemistry more diff ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icult than physics ------No, chemistry isn’t as ________ as physics. A. easy B. difficult C. easier D. more difficult
25. Knowledge is money. ------But I think it is ________ money.
A. as importa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt as B. so important as C. more important than D. the same as
26. Bill jumped ________ than any other player in the sports meeting.
A. tall B. taller C. high D. higher
27. Are you worri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed about the coming exam ---No. I think the more ____ you are, ____ mistakes you’ll make.
A. careful, the le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ss B. carefully, the fewer C. carefully, the least D. careful, the fewer
28. ________ you study, ________ grades you will get.
A. The hard, the good B. The harder, the better C. Harder, better
29. I don’t know which T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )-shirt was ________, so I took them both. ------Yes, it’s really difficult to choose.
A. better B. well C. best D. good
30. In our city, it’s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ in July, but it is even ________ in August.
A. hotter, hottest B. hot, hot C. hotter, hot D. hot, hotter
31. Mum, could I have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a MP3 like this ------Certainly, we can buy ________ one, but as good as this.
A. a cheap B. a cheapest C. a cheaper D. the cheapest
32. Who used to get up ________ in your class during the camping trip
A. earlier B. earliest C. the most early D. more early
33. You have got t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he same shirt as I. ------Yes. Mine is ________, but not as ________ as yours.
A. better, expen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sive B. better, more expensive C. more better, expensive D. good, more expensive
34. The West Lake（西湖） is ________ in China.
A. most beautiful lake B. the most beautiful lakes
C. one of the most beautiful lake D. one of the most beautiful lakes
35. Why didn’t you enj ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oy the talk ------It was ________ talk that I had ever listened to.
A. the most intere ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sting B. the least interesting C. more interesting D. less interesting
36. Supermarkets are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )necessary. People usually spend ________ time finding things they want, but they usually spend ________ money than they want.
A. less, less B. less, more C. fewer, less D. fewer, more
37. If you want to be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________, you have to eat ________ food and takes ________ exercise.
A. thinner, less, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) more B. thinner, little, more C. thin, few, enough D. thinner, fewer, less
38. ★There are ________ new words in Lesson Four than in Lesson One.
A. many B. much more C. many more D. more a few
39. In summer, the days are longer and the nights are ________.
40. Take exercis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e one hour a day, you'll become ________ (healthy) than before.
41. The Internet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )makes our life nicer, ________ (easy) and more colorful than before.
42. China became the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) second ________ (large) movie market in the world, behind the US.
43. The higher the mountain is, the ________ (thin) the air is.
44. The clothes in this shop are the ________ (cheap) in the city.
45. These years, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )air quality has become ________ (bad) than before.
46. Johnson has the ________ (little) bread of us four.
47. China is one of the countries with the ________ (long) history.
48. Mother Teresa was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )born in Macedonia, Europe. She was the ________ (young) of three children of the family.
注意：形容词最高级前一般要加the, 副词最高级经常省略the。
注意：farther是指距离或时间上"更远的''；further是指程度上进一步的
older，　用于各种人和物的比较； elder只用于谈论家庭中的成员；