2023届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解技巧课件(共34张PPT)

(共34张PPT)
解题步骤1.理解首段首句，把握全文方向；2.浏览题目，找出关键词；3.跳过毫无头绪的题。1.根据上下文猜测某个词或词组的具体含义（vocabulary）2.对文中某句话的释义或言外之意的理解（imply）3.根据短文内容判断陈述的真伪（true/false）4.寻找文中重要具体信息（如数字、人名、地名等）（details）5.概括短文或段落的中心思想、话题或合适的标题（main idea）6.判断短文作者的态度，观点意图或者写作目的（tone/attitude）7.根据短文的内容进行推断（inference）概况——主要考查（二）技巧最大陷阱久 读技巧——陷阱首段首句快速把握全文方向Each year, 1.3 million people worldwide die in car accidents.Ninety-four percent of those crashes are due to human error. This is a tragedy thatself-drivingvehicles can help prevent. That’s becausecomputerscan think better and react earlier than people.技巧——首段首句方向Does stress, anger, or sadness drive you to eat Do you turn to food for comfort, or when you’re bored Many people do. If you often eat foremotional reasonsinstead of because you’re physically hungry, that can be a problem.技巧——首段首句方向Until the twentieth century, women did not often participate in sports.Part of the explanation for this is that women simply did not have time. Many women cooked, cleaned, and took care of children. They were so busy that they did not have time for sports.技巧——首段首句方向A punctual person isin the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and is never late in keeping an appointment.The unpunctual man, on the contrary, never does what he has to do at the proper time.技巧——首段首句方向Even plants can run a fever, especially when they’re under attack by insects or disease.Butunlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away----straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared(红外线)scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up witha quick way totake the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under attack.技巧——首段首句方向The status given to waiters in a restaurant varies in different parts of the world.For example, in some places working as a waiter is seen as having low status, like being a servant. In other places, it is viewed as a useful and important role and people who do the job well are respected.技巧——首段首句方向如何找题目的关键词Thefirstparagraph mainly.A. describes thepainduring an operationB. advises people not toworryabout the painC. describes how adoctorworked beforeD. introduces a newproduct技巧——题目关键词It can be inferred that the gas iscalled“laughing gas” because.A. it makes peoplehappyB. it makes peoplelaughC. it stopspainD. it killsillness技巧——题目关键词关键信息定位（细节题）As a young girl growing up in the 1930s, I always wanted to fly a plane, but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2011, when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. What happened to the author in 2011？A. She flew an airplaneB. She entered a competitionC. She went on a hot air balloon rideD. She moved into a retirement community答案：C定位题干中的时间in 2011。技巧——定位同义定位（细节题）He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he’s doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out, exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper.What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks？A. Finding the news value of his stories. B. Giving him financial support.C. Helping him to find issues. D. Improving his good ideas.答案：D题干中的talks和文章中conversations对应，而want most和longs for对应。技巧——定位同义定位（实战）Every business seeksinnovation. Now even health clubs have ways to run their businesses.The wordinnovationin the passage is closest in meaning to.A. introduction B. rapid changeC. new method D. technology答案：C技巧——定位She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way, not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. “We're moving house.'; “No space for her any more with the baby coming.” “We never really wanted her, but what could we have done She was a present.” People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house A. Shocked. B. Sympathetic. C. Confused. D. Upset.技巧——推断B在考题中经常出现的词有infer, imply, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, prove /according to等。技巧——推断无论什么文体的文章都是围绕某个主题展开的， 因此，最明显的特点之一就是：中心词反复出现，即高频词，也叫主题词。找到这个高频词就很容易把握文章主要方向了。技巧——高频词A future where more of us use ride-sharing as our primary mode of transportation means we’ll need fewer cars overall, which comes with key benefits, including reducedroad congestionand less time wastes in traffic.The underlined phrase “road congestion” in Para.4 refers to.A. traffic jams B. traffic rulesC. traffic lights D. traffic signs技巧——词义句意AWeeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk,burningto find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager技巧——词义句意DTim studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and Graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _____.A. Tim, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, move to another university.B. Tim became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tim was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tim received an excellent education.技巧——主旨大意D主旨大意题技巧1.主旨大意题，只要是选描述文章细节的选项，都排除；2.只选总结性的选项。技巧——主旨大意（三）长难句剖析之从句Over a cup of tea she wondered whether someone had a key that fitted her front door.因为she wondered X是主谓宾结构，“她好奇X”，所以X是宾语。而X替代的是whether引导的从句，所以whether引导的是宾语从句，“是否某人有一把钥匙”。此外，that fitted her front door修饰限定a key，所以that引导一个定语从句，“一把能开她前门的钥匙”。所以全句结合在一起的意思是“她边喝茶边好奇是否有人有一把能开她前门的钥匙”。长难句剖析——从句The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide（杀虫剂）spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which always includes plants that don't have pest（害虫）problems.rather than“而不是”which引导一个非限定性定语从句，修饰前面那句话that引导的从句修饰plants句子简化后是：The goal was to X1 rather than X2, which X3 that X4.长难句剖析——从句Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks long-distance infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade, but only if Paley finds the financial support which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.who修饰前面的人Ray Jackson，引导非限定性定语从句；only if“除非”；which引导的限定性定语从句修饰前面的the financial support句子简化后是“Ray Jackson, who X2, thinks X3, but only if X4 which X5.长难句剖析——从句Sometimes they fail to understand and appreciate practices that have greater respect for more traditional, leisurely ways of doing things.因为that引导的从句修饰限定先行词practices所以that引导的是定语从句句子简化后是Sometimes they fail to X1 that X2.长难句剖析——从句（四）长难句剖析之连词They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively.alsoas well as“也”and长难句剖析——连词Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription（处方）for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble.as well as长难句剖析——连词He could feel all the pain of his leg or arm was being cut off and his fearful cries filled the room and the hearts of those who watched.把and连接的句子分解He could feel all the pain of his leg or arm was being cut off.His fearful cries filled the room and the hearts of those who watched.长难句剖析——连词In other places, it is viewed as a useful and important role and people who do the job well are respected.把and连接的句子分解In other places, it is viewed as a useful and important role.People who do the job well are respected.长难句剖析——连词At the moment, the bright child from an ill-respected school can show certificates to prove he is suitable for a job, while the lack of a certificate indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well-respected school.连词while“然而”；把while连接的句子分解：At the moment, the bright child from an ill-respected school can show certificates to prove he is suitable for a job.本句可简化为：At the moment, X1 can show certificates to prove X2.另一句The lack of a certificate indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well-respected school.可简化为：X1 indicates the unsuitability of X2.长难句剖析——连词This defense of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his school‘s reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the favored school.分解后逐句理解：第一句可将if条件句放于句首以便理解，If examinations were taken away, this defense of excellence and opportunity would disappear.and连接的另一句可简化为X1 would be X2, unable to compete for X3 with pete for…“为……而竞争”compete…with…“与……竞争”长难句剖析——连词