中考英语名词考点复习课件

(共15张PPT)
中考英语名词考点梳理
考点 1 名词的单数与复数
单数和复数
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：
(1) 一般情况在词尾加-s . 如：book—books, girl—girls, boy—boys, pen—pens, doctor—doctors .
(2) 以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es . 如： bus—buses, class—classes, box—boxes, watch—watches, brush—brushes .
(3) 以ce, se, ze,（d) ge结尾的名词加-s .如：orange—oranges .
(4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es . 如：city—cities, factory—factories, country—countries, family—families .但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加-s。如：boy—boys, day—days .
(5) 以o结尾的词且有生命的加-es .如:hero—heroes, potato—potatoes， tomato—tomatoes, 虽以o结尾，但没生命的只加s .如：zoo—zoos, radio—radios, photo—photos， piano—pianos .
(6) 以f或fe结尾的词，变f为v再加-es . 如：knife—knives， leaf—leaves, half—halves .
(7) 少数名词有不规则的复数形式 . 如：man—men， woman—women， tooth—teeth， foot—feet， child—children， mouse—mice .
【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women .如：an Englishman， two Englishmen .但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans .
man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers, women teachers .
有个别名词单复数一样。如：Chinese， Japanese， sheep， deer， fish等. 但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾 .
(8) 单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等 .
(9) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符. 如：ten-minute walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk .
(10) 还有些名词仅有复数形式 . 如：trousers， clothes， chopsticks， glasses， goods， ashes， scissors .
(11) 只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：
科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths
专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls
其他名词：news, falls
考点 2 名词的数量
不可数名词“量”的表示方法
在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：
(1) 用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。如：
The rich man has a lot of money．
There is some milk in the bottle．
Is there any water in the glass？
I don’t like winter because there’s too much snow and ice．
考点 2 名词的数量
(2) 用a piece of 这类定语. 如：
a piece of paper, a piece of wood, a piece of bread
a bottle of orange, a glass of water/milk, a cup of tea
a bag of rice, three bags of rice
如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数. 如：
two cups of tea, four pieces of paper, three glasses of water
不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰.
考点 3 名词的所有格
名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系.
1.表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's ,其复数形式是 s’. 如：a student’s room, students’ rooms, father’s shoes.如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's .如：Children’s Day.
2. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's.如：a twenty minutes’ walk， ten miles’ journey， a boat’s length，two pounds’ weight, ten dollars’ worth.
考点 3 名词的所有格
3. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构. 如：a map of China， the end of this term， the capital of our country, the color of the flowers .
4. 双重所有格. 如：a friend of my father’s .
【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 's ，则表示“分别有” . 如：
John’s and Mary’s rooms （约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）； Tom’s and Mary’s bikes （两人各自的自行车) .
考点 3 名词的所有格
两个名词并列，只有一个 's ，则表示“共有”如：
John and Mary’s room （约翰和玛丽共有一间）； Tom and Mary’s mother （即Tom与Mary是兄妹）.
名词考点复习
一. 根据汉语提示写出单词，注意用其正确形式.
1. I want to learn some new____ (技能）for my future.
2. Shanghai is one of the most beautiful ____ (城市）in China.
3. Look! That elephant is eating tree ____ (叶).
4. There were about fifteen people in the room, and half of them
were____ (男性）.
5. We can get a lot of ____(信息）from the Internet.
6. How many____ (人）are there in your city
7. ____(跑步）is a good way to relax.
8. My sister prefers to see _____(女性）doctors.
9. There are many books on the ____(老师）desk.
10. He has lost all his ____(钱）.
二.选择正确的名词数.
1. ___ the workers in this factory is about 600 and one fourth of them are ___ workers
A. A number of ; men B. A number of ; man
C. The number of ; men D. The number of ; man
2. There are few___ in the fridge. Let's go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages.
A. vegetables B. fruit C. meat D. eggs
3. Everyone should protect the___.
I agree. I often ___ up waste bottles in the street and throw them into
the dustbin.
A. environment; picked B. environment; pick
C. environment; picks D. environments; picks
4. All the ___ teachers and ___ students are having a meeting there.
A. woment; girls B. woment; girl
C. woman; girls D. woman; girl
5. International Women's Day is coming. I'll do something for my teachers. Can you give me ____
Ok. No problem! You can buy some flowers for ____.
A. some advices; woman teachers B. some suggestion; women teachers
C. some advice; women teachers D. any advice; woman teachers
6. Robert has become very rich. He gained his ____ by writing a lot of popular_____.
A. wealth; work B.wealth; works
C. work ; wealth D.works; wealth
三. 选择正确的名词所有格
1. Are you sure this is a photo____, the famous comedy actress
A. Jia Ling B. Jia Ling's
C. of Jia Ling D. of Jia Ling's
2. I read in ____ newspapers that ____ Shantou got the hosting right to the2021 Asian Youth Games.
A. today ; China B. today's ; China
C. today ; China's D. today's; China's
3. The theme park is about ____ ride from the museum. You should start out right now.
A. two hour B. two hours'
C. two hour's D. two hours
答案：
一.
1.skills 2. cities 3. leaves 4. men 5. information 6.People 7.Running 8.women 9. teacher’s 10. money
二.
1. C 2.A 3.B 4. A 5.C 6. B
三.
1. C 2. D 3. B