人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists单词讲解课件(共76张PPT)

(共76张PPT)
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Words and Expressions
1. cholera ['k l r ]: 霍乱 /U/
have/deveplop/get cholera: 感染霍乱
2. severe [s 'v (r)]: adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的; 严厉的
severely adv.严重地; 严厉地; 严格地
- a severe winter 严冬
- severe competition 激烈的竞争 a heated/intense discussion 激烈的讨论
- a severe crisis严重的危机
- be severe with oneself 严于律己
-be severely punished受到严厉处罚
- a severely polluted lake 被严重污染的河
比较级 more severe 最高级 most severe
3. diarrhoea[ da 'r ] n.腹泻
(the runs: 腹泻)
have/get diarrhoea/the runs:
腹泻; 拉肚子
4. dehydration [ di ha 'dre n]: n. 脱水
dehydrate vt. 使脱水，使干燥;
vi.（人体的）脱水，失水
死于严重脱水
die from severe dehydration
5.frustrated　adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
=depressed / down / upset
feel/be frustrated at/with... 对……感到沮丧/懊恼
frustrate vt. 挫败；阻止；使沮丧
frustration n. 挫折
frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的
A wave of frustration took hold of / seized him completely.
一股沮丧的情绪完全攫住了他。
He was overwhelmed/overcome with a wave of frustration.
他感到一阵挫败。
Lily sat in his empty shop feeling extremely ____________ (frustrate).
frustrated
6. once and for all 最终地; 彻底地
同义词：completely/entirely/totally/thoroughly
我们得彻底解决这个难题。
We have to tackle the difficult problem once and for all.
all相关短语：
all in all 总而言之 after all 毕竟
first of all 首先 above all 最重要的是
7. contradictory [ k ntr 'd kt ri]:adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的; 不一致的 = inconsistent / nk n s st nt/
two contradictory theories 两个相互矛盾的理论
be contradictory to… 与……矛盾/相反
contradict v. 反驳; 与…相矛盾
The advice the public receive from experts is often contradictory.
公众从专家那里得到的建议往往是相互矛盾 的。
比较级 more contradictory
最高级 most contradictory
8. infection[ n'fek n]:n. 感染;传染
infect [ n'fekt]:vt. 使感染;传染
sb. be infected with sth. 某人感染/传染上……
infectious adj.有传染性的；有感染力的
拓：be diagnosed with 被诊断 患有
语法填空：
1. It was her inspiring words that ________the whole class at that time.
2. The ________(infect) patients are positive.
infected
infected
9.germ [d m]:n.[C]微生物; 细菌; 病菌
virus [ va r s]: n.[C]病毒;
viral/ va r l/ adj. 病毒性的 go viral 疯狂传播,走红
bacterium [b k t r m]: n. 细菌
(pl: bacteria [b k t ri ])
10. subscribe　vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
subscribe to　同意，赞同；订购；订阅；捐助
同意=agree with / approve of
捐款=make donations to / donate to
subscribe/contribute/donate...to... 把……捐赠给……; subscriber n. 订阅人，订购者；定期捐款者
11. proof[pru f]:n.[C&U]证据; 证明; 检验
proofs 复数
prove v.证实，证明；证明是；结果是
同义词：evidence
同类变化：chiefs首领 / roofs屋顶/ beliefs信仰
relieve-relief believe-belief grieve悲痛-grief
achieve-achievement improve-improvement
involve-involvement survive -survival
arrive-arrival forgive-forgiveness solve-solution evolve进化/演化-evolution resolve决定/解决-resolution
12. multiple ['m lt pl]: adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的
multiply v.大大增加/倍增；乘；繁殖
multi- 前缀 “多种”
multimedia 多媒体/多媒体的
multinational 多国的
multifunctional 多功能的
multicultural 多元文化的
If you multiply 7 by 3, you get 21. 三七二十一 。
13. pump[p mp]:n.[C]泵; 抽水机; 打气筒
water pump: 水泵
v.（用泵）抽出；涌出,涌流,奔流; 快速摇动；
My heart was pumping/racing with excitement.
我激动得心里怦怦直跳 。
14. household ['ha sh ld]:n.[C]一家人;家庭; 同住一套房子的人
adj.家用的;全家的;家喻户晓的
- household expenses / products 家庭开支/家用产品
-household/domestic chores家务活
- a household name一个家喻户晓的名字
-household appliances家用电器
15. suspect　vt. & vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事
类似：inform / remind / warn /suspect/ cheat / rob / accuse /convince/rid / cure /deprive sb of...
通知/ 提醒/ 警告 / 怀疑 / 欺骗/ 抢劫 /指控 /说服 / 摆脱/ 治愈 / 剥夺某人……
arrest these suspects
拓： suspicion n.怀疑
suspicious adj. 怀疑的；不信任的
= doubtful/skeptical / sceptical
16. blame　vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责
blame sth.on... 把某事归咎于……
be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)负有责任
=be responsible for =take responsibility for
take/bear the blame for... 为……承担责任
lay/put/place the blame for sth. on... 把某事归咎于……
1.The teacher didn't blame his students _____ the mistake.
2. Only complete losers __________________________.
只有彻底的失败者才会把失败归咎于运气不好。
for
blamed their failures on bad luck
17. handle n.[C]把手; 拉手; 柄&v. 处理; 搬动; 操纵(车辆/动物/工具等)
处理= solve/tackle/do with/deal with/cope with/ address / process / approach/dispose of /attend to
turn the handle
the handle of a knife
写出下列句中handle的含义
①How to handle the machine is a puzzle to all the people there. ______
②He turned the handle and closed the door. ______
③They handle the problem once and for all. ______
操纵
把手
处理
18. intervention[ nt 'ven n]:n.介入; 出面; 干涉
armed / military intervention 武装/军事干涉
intervene/ nt vi n/v.干预/涉；调解
intervene in
19.link　n.联系；纽带
There is a link between...and... ……与……之间有联系。
vt.把……连接起来；相关联
link...to/with... 将……和……联系/连接起来
be linked to... 与……有联系
= be related to…be associated with / be connected with/to
A large amount of proof shows that high-sugar diets are closely linked to heart diseases. .
大量的证据表明高糖饮食和心脏病之间有联系。
20. raw [r ]: adj. 未煮/生的; 未经处理的/原始的
rare五分熟的
- raw vegetables / meat 生的蔬菜/生肉
- raw materials / waste 原材料/未被处理的废弃物原材料
raw meat
cooked meat
21. pure[pj (r)]:adj.干净的; 纯的; 纯粹的
pure gold / English 纯金/纯正的英语 by pure chance 纯属偶然
v. purify 使洁净，净化
bottled purified water
22. substantial[s b'st n l]: adj.大量的; 价值巨大/重大的;牢固的；实质性的
=considerable/numerous ; 价值巨大的; 重大的
证据确凿 substantial proof
大幅度的/戏剧性的/急剧的变化/减少
a substantial/dramatic/sharp change / decrease
拓：substance [ s bst ns] :n.[C&U] 物质;材料;实质
23. increase v. 增加
rise / go up / grow / surge / skyrocket/boom/swell
decrease [d 'kri s] v.减少; 减小; 降低
['di kri s] n.减少; 降低: 减少量
同义词: reduce/decline / go down / fall / drop /shrink
(1)decrease to ... 减少到……
decrease by ... 减少了……
(2)on the decrease 正在减少
The number of poor men is on the decrease as the economy is growing.
随着经济发展，贫困人口数量正在减少。
as a result of
as a consequence of
because of
due to
on account of
Thanks for your timely help.
Thanks to your timely help, I was able to get out of trouble.
24. thanks to幸亏；由于
25. statistic[st 't st k]:n.[C](常用复数)统计数字;统计资料; 统计学
人口统计population statistics
figure [ f ɡ (r)]: n. 数字; 身材; 人物
data数据
26. transform　vt.使改观；使改变形态
vi.改变；转变
transform...into...　 使……转变成……
transformation n. 变化；转变；改观
trans- transfer转移 transmit传输/导/染
transport运输 transplant移植 translate翻译
27. epidemiology[ ep di mi' l d i]:n.流行病学
epidemics / ep dem k/n.流行病；
microscope ['ma kr sk p]:n.[C]显微镜
拓： microphone 麦克风 microwave微波炉 ；
binoculars[b n kj l z]:n.(用复数)双筒望远镜
telescope/ tel sk p/: n.[C]望远镜
Love looks through a microscope; envy, through a telescope.
爱要用显微镜看，升感恩之心；嫉妒用望眼镜看，练欣赏之能。
28. thinking n.[U]思想; 思维; 见解
thought n.[C]思想；关心；想法；思考
comes up with new thoughts 提出新的想法
on second thoughts经重新斟酌
at the thought of 一想到……
critical thinking 批判性思维
29.
protein['pr ti n]:n. 蛋白质
high protein food
30. cell[sel]:n.[C]细胞; 小房间; 单间牢房
the cell / mobile phone 手机/移动电话
31. virus ['va r s]:n.[C]病毒
viral / va r l/adj. 病毒性的
go viral 像病毒般扩散；走红
What I never expect is that almost overnight, this video would go viral. （be a big hit）
viruses 复数
32.finding['fa nd ]:n.[C]发现;调查结果; (法律)判决
- some worrying findings 一些令人担忧的研究结果
33.initial [ 'n l]:adj.最初的; 开始的;第一的 (用于名词前)
最初的=original / first / previous
-at / in the initial stages of something 在某事物的初始阶段
- the initial letter of a word 单词的首字母
initially adv.开始; 最初
initiative [ n t v]: n. 倡议; 新方案
34. vaccine['v ksi n]:n.[C&U]疫苗
接种新冠疫苗get/receive a Covid-19 vaccine
vaccinate / v ks ne t/v. 给……接种疫苗
35. framework ['fre mw k]: n.[C]框架，结构
set off fireworks放烟花 housework homework
基本理论框架 the basic theoretical framework
36. solid ['s l d]: adj.可靠的,固体的,坚实的 & n.[C]固体
solid evidence确凿证据
a solid foundation 坚实的基础
solid fuel/food固体燃料/食物
a solid ball 实心球
liquid / l kw d/: adj.液体的, 液态的 & n.液体
gas 气体
37. cast [kɑ st]:v.投掷;投射(光/影子);向……投以(视线/笑容)
cast down 降低/使向下; 使沮丧
cast a glimpse/ɡl mps/ of 一瞥
cast/throw light on = illustrate 使明白,阐明
cast--cast
38. shadow [' d ]: n.[C]影子；阴影/阴暗处；黑眼圈
v.投阴影于……
cast a shadow on... 在某处投下/留下影子; 给...蒙上阴影
shadow play 皮影戏
shadows under sb.’s eyes 某人的黑眼圈
in/under the shadow of被...的光彩所掩盖
38. rainbow['re nb ]:n.彩虹
rainfall 降雨 rainstorm暴风雨
raindrop雨滴 rainforest热带雨林
rain 雨水 +bow n.弓形物，弓
39. pour[p (r)]:v.倒出; 倾泻; 斟(饮料)
pour out 倒出；倾吐/诉说(思想/感情/经历)
pour down 流下；(雨)倾盆而下；
-rain/pour cats and dogs下倾盆大雨
pour into/in 涌进
It never rains but it pours .祸不单行。
Tears of sadness poured down her face/ cheeks.
悲伤的泪水从她脸上/脸颊流了下来。
流泪：
tears pour/ roll/run/ stream/ flow down one’s cheek
40. concrete ['k kri t]:adj.混凝土制的; 确实的; 具体的 & n.[U]混凝土
concretely adv.具体地（反 abstractly抽象地，理论上地）
41. patriotic [ pe tri' t k]: adj. 爱国的
a great patriotic poet 一位伟大的爱国诗人
patriotic youth爱国青年
拓：patriotism/ p tri t z m/n. 爱国主义；爱国精神
patriot/ p tri t/ n.爱国者
42. mechanical [m 'k n kl] adj. 机械的; 发动机的; 机器的
拓：mechanic [m 'k n k] n. 机械师; 机械修理工
break-broke-broken
①He was giving a vivid account of what had happened when her daughter _____________ the room.
②A terrible quarrel broke _______ between Jim and Tom.
broke into
43. break out　(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
break away from　脱离；挣脱；放弃
break down 出故障；坏掉；失败；(身体等)垮掉；消除
break in 插话；破门而入
break into 破门而入
break up 打碎；结束；(关系等)破裂
out
44. defend[d 'fend]v.保卫; 防守; 辩解
defend our motherland 保卫祖国 defend against enemies 抵御外敌
搭配：
①defend A from/against B 保护…免受…；
②in defence of 保护；为……辩护
defence/defense n. 防御; 国防
v-n defend defense/defence tend -tendency
intend -intention attend -attendance end-ending
拓：defensive adj.防御的，戒备的；防守的；百般辩解的
with a defensive look带着防卫的表情
反： offend 得罪，冒犯；令人不悦，令人不舒服
offensive adj无礼的，冒犯的= rude / impolite / disrespectful
45. jet[d et]: n.喷气式飞机
a jet lag 时差
46.assistant[ 's st nt]:n.助理; 助手
an assistant teacher 助理教师 an assistant to.… ……的助手
assistance n.帮助，援助
with the assistance / help / aid of 在…的帮助下
under the guidance of 在…的帮助下
come/go to one’s assistance 来/去帮助某人
assist v.帮助
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb to do sth.
assist sb with sth. 在某方面帮助某人
v-n
participate- participant / participation
apply- applicant / application
assist -assistant / assistance
He will assist you____________(complete) the task.
=He will assist you____________(complete) the task.
=He will assist you_________ the task.
with
to complete
in completing
47. charge n.费用；主管；指控；电量
①sb. take charge of 某人负责
Whatever happens , he will take charge.
无论发生什么，他都会掌控局面。
②sb. be in charge of 某人负责...
the doctor in charge 主治医生
③sth. be in the charge of sb. 某物由某人负责
(动作)
(状态)
v.收费；指控；充电
charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人（做）某事
free of charge＝for free 免费 service charge 服务费
charge a battery 给电池充电 get fully charged充满电
拓：discharge v. 释放，允许……离开； n 允许出院，释放
48.missile ['m sa l]:n.导弹
fire〔launch〕a missile 发射导弹
nuclear weapons 核武器
atomic energy 原子能/ nuclear energy 核能
49. leadership n.领导地位；领导才能
- under sb.’s leadership = under the leadership of sb. 在某人的领导下
membership、friednship、hardship
championship n. 锦标赛；冠军称号
ownership n. 所有权，物主身份 scholarship 奖学金
leader n.领袖；领导者
lead v.带路；领导/带领 n. 铅
lead a ...life 过着...生活
lead the way 带路
lead to 导致；造成；通向
leading adj. 领导的；主要的
50. trace v.追溯; 追踪; 查出
①trace back to 追溯到
②n.[C&U]痕迹; 遗迹; 踪迹
track n. 足迹; 踪迹; 轨道; & v.追踪; 跟踪
=date back to=date from
Police searched the area but found no trace of the escaped prisoners. 警方搜索了那一地区，但未发现越狱逃犯的任何踪迹 。
Looking back, the years have no trace;
Looking ahead, the sun is shining.
回首望，岁月无痕；
向前看，阳光明媚。
Youth is a brief dream, when you wake up, it would have gone without a trace.
青春是一个短暂的美梦，当你醒来时，它早已消失无踪。
51. outstanding adj.优秀的; 杰出的; 明显的
杰出的 splendid/remarkable/exceptional/splendid/superb/brilliant
outstanding performance/achievement
an outstanding figure 杰出人才
明显的=apparent / evident / distinct / clear
stand out 突出；站出来；杰出
52. gifted　adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的= talented be gifted in ...　 在……方面有天赋　
be expert/experienced in 在---方面精通/有经验
make progress in 在---方面取得进步
pursue a career in 从事…方面的事业
major in 主修 /专攻---方面
be gifted with... 天生具备……
gift n. 天赋；天才=talent 礼物=present
have a gift/talent for... 有……的天赋
show a talent for 显示出…天赋
As is known to us, Lang Lang is a gifted pianist. He had a gift for music when he was young. He was gifted in playing piano in particular.
I figure life is a gift and I don’t intend on wasting it. You never know what hand you're going to get dealt next. You learn to take life as it comes at you.
我觉得生命是一份礼物，我不想浪费它，你不会知道下一手牌会是什么，要学会接受生活。——泰坦尼克号
Yesterday is history. Tomorrow is a mystery. But today is a gift. That is why it's called the present. All you can do is to grasp it.
昨天已成历史，明天仍是未知，但今天是上天赐予我们的礼物。所有今天才叫Present. 你能做的就是把握今天！
e down　患(病)；染上(小病)
He came down with a bad cold last week. 上星期他得了重感冒。
come down with = suffer from = be infected with
come across (偶然)遇见，碰见；被理解
come about 发生(无被动形式)
come up with 提出
when it comes to... 当谈及……
come into being 形成；产生
come over 过来;来访;顺便来访
come along 一起来;出现;到来
54. abstract [' bstr kt]: adj.抽象的；n.（文献等的）摘要
abstractly adv.抽象地 (反)concretely
Instead of loving an abstract person, you should love a concrete person. You should love life itself, and don’t love the meaning of life.
要爱具体的人， 不要爱抽象的人， 要爱生活， 不要爱生活的意义。
55. steady adj.稳定的; 平稳的; 稳步的
make steady progress 稳步进展
at a steady pace 以稳定的速度
a steady income/ job 稳定的收入/工作 a secure job铁饭碗
steadily adv.稳定地; 坚定地; 坚固地
There are no shortcuts to success. Life is a slow, steady climb.
成功没有捷径，人生需要缓慢稳步往上爬。——《破产姐妹》
56. astronomer[ 'str n m (r)]:n.[C]天文学家
astronaut n 宇航员=spaceman
astronomy[ 'str n mi]:n.天文学
astronomical/ str n m k( )l/adj.天文学的；极巨大的
57. besides [b 'sa dz]: prep. 除…之外(还)
=as well as /in addition to /plus
adv. 而且;此外
=what’s more /moreover / furthermore / additionally /in addition /plus/ also / as well
besides prep.除…之外(还)
I’m too tired to go for a walk. Besides, it’s too late.
我太累了，没办法去散步了。再说天也太晚了。
(1)except意为“除了……之外”，指从同类的人或物中排除。
(2)except for表示从整体情况来看，要排除其中的部分特殊情况。
(3)apart from既可以表示besides的含义，也可以表示except或except for的含义。
58. brilliant['br lj nt]: adj.聪颖的; 绝妙的; 明亮的
brilliantly adv.光彩夺目地;出色地; 精彩地; 高明地
have a deep insight into our brilliant traditional Chinese culture
深刻了解我们灿烂的中华传统文化
Life had all the brilliant, after all, all need to repay with loneliness.
生命中曾经有过的所有灿烂，终究都需要用寂寞来偿还。 《百年孤独》
59.above all　最重要的是；尤其是
If you want to succeed, above all, you must change your attitude.
after all 毕竟；终究
all in all 整体说来；总而言之
not at all 一点也不
first of all 首先
60.fault [f lt] n.弱点; 过错
find fault with sb = pick on sb 找某人的毛病
He is always finding fault with me, which makes me very angry.他总是对我百般挑剔。
be at fault 有过错；应当负责
If my memory is not at fault, it was Thursday.
如果我没记错的话，那是星期四。
拓：faulty adj.不完美的；有缺陷的 =imperfect
faultless adj. 完美的，无缺点的
Most fault and loss are because of not working hard and not insisting on, and then tell yourself everything is fate.
多数的错与失，是因为不努力，不坚持，然后还告诉自己一切都是命运。
61. shift n.[C]改变; 转换; 轮班 & v.转移; 挪动; 转向
- a shift in the wind 风向有变
-the shift key (计算机)转换键
- be on the day / night shift 值白/夜班
- shift work 轮班工作
- shift the furniture 搬家具
- shift the media’s attention 转移媒体的注意力
If your life feels like it is lacking the power that you want and the motivation that you need, sometimes all you have to do is shift your point of view.
如果你觉得心有余力不足，觉得缺乏前进的动力，有时候你只需要改变思维的角度
62. vivid adj.生动的; 鲜明的; 丰富的
vividly adv.生动地
a vivid description/account / imagination
生动的描述/叙述/丰富的想象力I’ve got vivid memories of my happy childhood.
我对自己快乐的童年记忆犹新。She is wearing a vivid red coat.
他穿着一件鲜红色的外套。