2024届高考英语二轮复习句法结构分析课件(共24张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习句法结构分析课件(共24张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 2.1MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-12-11 20:04:09 | ||
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文档简介
(共24张PPT)
句法结构
句子成分
She smiled.
Seeing is believing.
I am reading books.
To study hard is important.
主语（subject)
主语是句子所要描述或者表达的主体，是动作的发出者，一般是一个名词或者名词性成分。
I will watch the movie.
He borrowed my keys.
Time flies.
He can play basketball.
I am reading books.
She is beautiful.
谓语（predicate)
谓语描述主语做什么或是什么，谓语动词是其核心部分，形式上是单个动词或动词短语，也会依据不同情况带有助动词（时态，语态 ，语气）。
注意：一个句子里面只有一个谓语动词）
Tom reads books everyday.
They saw the car.
He looks after the children.
Tom likes learning English.
宾语（object)
宾语是动作的承接者。宾语是名词性成分，一般有名词，宾格代词或者从句构成。
He is a professional player.
I am reading an interesting book.
A beautiful girl shared an interesting story.
The students in red are from Class One.
定语（attribute)
定语用来修饰限定名词的品质，特征或特性，一般是形容词、短语或者从句。
I ran a marathon yesterday.(时间）
He lives in Shanghai.（地点）
Tom was late for school because of the heavy rain.（原因）
She often goes to the gym.（频繁程度）
He spoke to him with smile.（伴随）
Though confident, he lost the game.（让步）
I am reading a fascinating book with kindle.（方式）
状语（adverbial)
状语是描述谓语动词作用状态的句子成分，所描述的状态可以是：时间，地点，原因，程度，让步，伴随等。状语一般是副词，副词词组或者从句。
This good news made me happy.
They elected him President.
The gloves will keep your hands warm.
Hungry and tired, I went home.
补语(complement)
补语是指跟在主语或宾语后面补充说明主语或宾语的状态的成分，由形容词或者名词充当。
My brother, a doctor, is coming to visit me next week.
My favorite writer, Jane Austen, wrote many classic novels.
We have two new students in our class, Tom and Jerry.
同位语(appositive)
起解释说明名词作用，和其所解释的名词相等，同位语是名词
句子成分
简单句(大哥）+引导词+简单句（小弟）
简单句+连接词+简单句
句型
简单句
简单句的8个基本句型:
1.主（名词）谓（及物动词）宾（名词）
They will arrive at the airport at 8 o'clock.
2.主（名词）谓（不及物）:
Tom cried.
3.主（名词）系（3种）表（名词，形容词，不定式，介宾）
系动词：1.Be 动词： am is are was were
2.感官动词（五官）：look sound smell taste feel
3.变化动词：become turn go get grow stay remain keep
4.主（名）谓（及物动词）宾（名）宾（名）：
I give you money.
5.主(名）谓（及物动词）宾（名）补：
The music makes me sad.
简单句
简单句的8个基本句型:
6.”There +be +主语+...”（即“存在句型”
They is a bird in the tree.
7.比较句型:（比较两者之间的异同）
原级比较：...as +形容词/副词原级+as...
...as+形容词+名词+as...
He is as rich as Tom.
Tom has as much money as Jerry dose.
比较级：...+形容词/副词比较级+than
Jerry is more careful than Tom.
简单句
简单句的8个基本句型:
最高级：the+形容词/副词最高级+（单数名词或one）+(of/among+sb./sth.)/(in spl.)
Tom is the tallest one among the students in the class.
8. “it+is/was +形容词+to do/that从句
It is important to learn a foreign llanguage.
并列句
主谓宾+并列词（and, or, but等）+主谓宾:
常用的连接词有：
表示顺承关系的：and, not only…but also（不仅….而且….）等。
She not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to overcome difficulties.
Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, and at last she succeeded.
表示选择关系和否定条件的:or（还是，否则）
Wear your coat, or you’ll catch a cold.
Would you like some drink, coffee or tea
并列句
主谓宾+并列词（and, or, but等）+主谓宾:
常用的连接词有：
表示转折关系的有:but
He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。
表示因果关系的：for, so 等。
My leg hurts， so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。
John is a diligent student, for he always completes his homework on time.
复合句
主 + 谓（系） + 宾（表）
名词 及物动词 名词
主语从句 宾语从句（表语从句）
复合句——名词性从句
复合句——名词性从句
名词性从句：that(引导词） he likes football（主谓宾）句子降级成句子成分，充当名词。
主语从句：That he likes football surprised us.
宾语从句：He said that he likes football.
表语从句：The fact is that he likes football.
同位语从句：
主语+同从+谓宾；主谓宾+同从
如：Jack，a young man , loves spring.
Jack loves spring , one of the four seasons.
The fact that he likes football surprised us.
He states the fact that he likes football.
复合句——定语从句
定语：修饰限定名词，汉语中“的”前面的内容：红红的花。包括：1.形容词 2.短语或从句
（定1）主（定2） + 谓 + （定1）宾（定2）
定1：A beautiful girl shared a fascinating story.
定2：A girl from Mars shared a story about her people.
The boy to write this letter needs a pen.
A girl who likes spring shared a story which moved us.
A beautiful girl from Mars who likes spring shared a fascinating story about her people which moved us.
复合句——状语从句
一、什么是状语？
1.副词：修饰动词 walk slowly
修饰形容词 really beautiful
2.起副词作用的句子：状语从句
3.按成分分：时间状语，地点状语，原因状语，条件状语（在…情况下，如果…，只要…),目的状语，结果状语，让步状语（虽然…），方式状语
二、例句
Jack smiles happily.副词修饰动词，放在动词后
He quickly understand.副词修饰动词，放在动词前
She is very beautiful.副词修饰形容词
He is pretty tall.副词修饰形容词
复合句——状语从句
三、例句
He came yesterday. Yesterday he came.时间副词，位置灵活。
He likes spring for its beauty.
He likes spring for it is beautiful.
He likes spring because/as/since it is beautiful.(原因状语从句，除了since 前后都可以之外，其他都靠后）
If /As long as you win, there will be a reward.(条件状语）
I study for my well-being.（目的状语）
I don’t spend extra to/in order to save money.（目的状语）
I don’t spend extra so that I can save money.（目的状语）
He tried so hard that he finally succeeded.(结果状语从句）
Although he is very old, he is quite strong.(让步状语从句）
感谢观看
点/击/此/处/添/加/标/题
句法结构
句子成分
She smiled.
Seeing is believing.
I am reading books.
To study hard is important.
主语（subject)
主语是句子所要描述或者表达的主体，是动作的发出者，一般是一个名词或者名词性成分。
I will watch the movie.
He borrowed my keys.
Time flies.
He can play basketball.
I am reading books.
She is beautiful.
谓语（predicate)
谓语描述主语做什么或是什么，谓语动词是其核心部分，形式上是单个动词或动词短语，也会依据不同情况带有助动词（时态，语态 ，语气）。
注意：一个句子里面只有一个谓语动词）
Tom reads books everyday.
They saw the car.
He looks after the children.
Tom likes learning English.
宾语（object)
宾语是动作的承接者。宾语是名词性成分，一般有名词，宾格代词或者从句构成。
He is a professional player.
I am reading an interesting book.
A beautiful girl shared an interesting story.
The students in red are from Class One.
定语（attribute)
定语用来修饰限定名词的品质，特征或特性，一般是形容词、短语或者从句。
I ran a marathon yesterday.(时间）
He lives in Shanghai.（地点）
Tom was late for school because of the heavy rain.（原因）
She often goes to the gym.（频繁程度）
He spoke to him with smile.（伴随）
Though confident, he lost the game.（让步）
I am reading a fascinating book with kindle.（方式）
状语（adverbial)
状语是描述谓语动词作用状态的句子成分，所描述的状态可以是：时间，地点，原因，程度，让步，伴随等。状语一般是副词，副词词组或者从句。
This good news made me happy.
They elected him President.
The gloves will keep your hands warm.
Hungry and tired, I went home.
补语(complement)
补语是指跟在主语或宾语后面补充说明主语或宾语的状态的成分，由形容词或者名词充当。
My brother, a doctor, is coming to visit me next week.
My favorite writer, Jane Austen, wrote many classic novels.
We have two new students in our class, Tom and Jerry.
同位语(appositive)
起解释说明名词作用，和其所解释的名词相等，同位语是名词
句子成分
简单句(大哥）+引导词+简单句（小弟）
简单句+连接词+简单句
句型
简单句
简单句的8个基本句型:
1.主（名词）谓（及物动词）宾（名词）
They will arrive at the airport at 8 o'clock.
2.主（名词）谓（不及物）:
Tom cried.
3.主（名词）系（3种）表（名词，形容词，不定式，介宾）
系动词：1.Be 动词： am is are was were
2.感官动词（五官）：look sound smell taste feel
3.变化动词：become turn go get grow stay remain keep
4.主（名）谓（及物动词）宾（名）宾（名）：
I give you money.
5.主(名）谓（及物动词）宾（名）补：
The music makes me sad.
简单句
简单句的8个基本句型:
6.”There +be +主语+...”（即“存在句型”
They is a bird in the tree.
7.比较句型:（比较两者之间的异同）
原级比较：...as +形容词/副词原级+as...
...as+形容词+名词+as...
He is as rich as Tom.
Tom has as much money as Jerry dose.
比较级：...+形容词/副词比较级+than
Jerry is more careful than Tom.
简单句
简单句的8个基本句型:
最高级：the+形容词/副词最高级+（单数名词或one）+(of/among+sb./sth.)/(in spl.)
Tom is the tallest one among the students in the class.
8. “it+is/was +形容词+to do/that从句
It is important to learn a foreign llanguage.
并列句
主谓宾+并列词（and, or, but等）+主谓宾:
常用的连接词有：
表示顺承关系的：and, not only…but also（不仅….而且….）等。
She not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to overcome difficulties.
Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, and at last she succeeded.
表示选择关系和否定条件的:or（还是，否则）
Wear your coat, or you’ll catch a cold.
Would you like some drink, coffee or tea
并列句
主谓宾+并列词（and, or, but等）+主谓宾:
常用的连接词有：
表示转折关系的有:but
He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。
表示因果关系的：for, so 等。
My leg hurts， so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。
John is a diligent student, for he always completes his homework on time.
复合句
主 + 谓（系） + 宾（表）
名词 及物动词 名词
主语从句 宾语从句（表语从句）
复合句——名词性从句
复合句——名词性从句
名词性从句：that(引导词） he likes football（主谓宾）句子降级成句子成分，充当名词。
主语从句：That he likes football surprised us.
宾语从句：He said that he likes football.
表语从句：The fact is that he likes football.
同位语从句：
主语+同从+谓宾；主谓宾+同从
如：Jack，a young man , loves spring.
Jack loves spring , one of the four seasons.
The fact that he likes football surprised us.
He states the fact that he likes football.
复合句——定语从句
定语：修饰限定名词，汉语中“的”前面的内容：红红的花。包括：1.形容词 2.短语或从句
（定1）主（定2） + 谓 + （定1）宾（定2）
定1：A beautiful girl shared a fascinating story.
定2：A girl from Mars shared a story about her people.
The boy to write this letter needs a pen.
A girl who likes spring shared a story which moved us.
A beautiful girl from Mars who likes spring shared a fascinating story about her people which moved us.
复合句——状语从句
一、什么是状语？
1.副词：修饰动词 walk slowly
修饰形容词 really beautiful
2.起副词作用的句子：状语从句
3.按成分分：时间状语，地点状语，原因状语，条件状语（在…情况下，如果…，只要…),目的状语，结果状语，让步状语（虽然…），方式状语
二、例句
Jack smiles happily.副词修饰动词，放在动词后
He quickly understand.副词修饰动词，放在动词前
She is very beautiful.副词修饰形容词
He is pretty tall.副词修饰形容词
复合句——状语从句
三、例句
He came yesterday. Yesterday he came.时间副词，位置灵活。
He likes spring for its beauty.
He likes spring for it is beautiful.
He likes spring because/as/since it is beautiful.(原因状语从句，除了since 前后都可以之外，其他都靠后）
If /As long as you win, there will be a reward.(条件状语）
I study for my well-being.（目的状语）
I don’t spend extra to/in order to save money.（目的状语）
I don’t spend extra so that I can save money.（目的状语）
He tried so hard that he finally succeeded.(结果状语从句）
Although he is very old, he is quite strong.(让步状语从句）
感谢观看
点/击/此/处/添/加/标/题