人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters Discovering useful structures 课件(共36张PPT)

(共36张PPT)
Discovering
Useful Structures
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Restrictive Relative Clauses
It is something that we use to write.
It is a ball which is round and boys like to play it on the playground.
It is an institution where children are educated.
He is a Chinese writer who won the Nobel Price of Literature.
He is an 85-year-old medical expert whom we all respect.
Guessing Game
pen
football
school
Mo Yan
Zhong Nanshan
The boy who is reading a book over there is my friend.
The boy is my friend.
He is reading a book over there.
Declan is a famous singer.
He sings the song “tell me why”.
Declan is a famous singer who sings
the song “tell me why”.
He is a popular singer whose song is popular among young people.
He is a famous singer who is from Taiwan.
I have a sister. She works in Shanghai.
I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.
普通的人称代词，
指代前文的sister.
关系代词，指代前文的sister又起到连词的作用，连接了两个句子。
I can't find my gold watch. My father gave it to me as a birthday present.
I can't find my gold watch which/that my father gave to me as a birthday present.
普通代词
关系代词
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用作定语的句子就叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。
引导定语从句的关系词有：
定语从句
关系代词：who, whom
whose, which, that
关系副词：when, where,why
The Attributive Clause=________
+________+________
________：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词。一般出现在定语从句前面。
________：起连接作用，连接主句和定语从句，指代_________。
先行词
关系词
从句
先行词
先行词
关系词
关系代词的句法功能及指代功能
关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间，身兼三职：连接主从句的纽带、指代先行词和在从句中充当某种句子成分。现在我们将常用的关系代词的指代功能和在句子中的句法功能总结如下：
定语从句的位置
定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。
e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.
先行词
定语从句
Do you know the doctor
He spoke just now.
Do you know the doctor who spoke just now
that 指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。
The house that I’m going to buy faces south.
They’re talking about the film.
I have seen the film.
They’re talking about the film (that) I’ve seen.
It was written by Laoshe.
Jane has borrowed the book.
Jane has borrowed the book that was written by Laoshe.
which 指物, 在句中作主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。
e.g. I’m not interested in the book which has just been published.
apple
the red
the green
the small
the big
The apple which is red is mine.
The apple which is green is yours.
The apple which is red is small.
The apple which is green is big.
Can you see the woman ___________ is speaking at the stage
who/that 可指代前文提到的人，在从句中做主语或宾语；
做宾语时，可省略；
做主语一定不能省！
who/that
whom指人, 在从句中作宾语, 可省略。
e.g. Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel
The girl is from America.
I called her just now.
The girl (whom ) I called just now is from America.
I have read the newspaper.
It carries the important news.
I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.
I showed him the letter.
I received it this morning
I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.
* whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。
The girl got first.
Her father had given us a report.
The girl whose father had given us a report got first.
e.g. That’s the man whose house was burned down.
That is the new machine.
The parts of it are too small to see.
That’s the machine whose parts are too small to see.
指代人 指代物 指代人或物
主语 who which that
宾语 whom / who which that
定语 whose (=of whom) whose (=of which)
在从句
中的作用
指代
功能
Fill in blanks with relative pronouns.(1) Can you see the woman ___________ is speaking at the stage (2) I don't know the woman ___________ my mother is speaking to. (3) Have you heard of the accident ___________ happened this morning (4) Have you found the bike __________________ you lost (5) Can you see the lady __________ hair is brown
who/that
who/whom
that/省略
which/that
which/that/省略
whose
1. I have seen some strange trees, _____ open at sunrise and close at sunset. A. which the leaves B. whose leaves C. which leaves D. their leaves2. All _____ we need is enough rest after long hours’ work.A. the thing B. that C. what D. which 3. On the train I saw a girl _____ I thought was your sister.A. who B. whom C. which D. what4. Have you seen the film“Titanic”____ leading actor is world-famous A. its B. that C. whose D. which
This is the best film ________________
_____ (我看过的).
(that) I have ever
seen
2. He has a daughter _________________
____________ (在医院工作的).
3. The tree ____________________(叶子变红了的) is an old one.
who / that works
in a hospital
whose leaves turn red
一、关系代词that和which都代指事物，在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that。
All ______ can be done has been done.
Do you have anything ________ you don’t understand
There is little _______ can be believed about it .
The book doesn’t say much ________ amuses children.
that
that
that
that
先行词是all ,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导词只用that 。
Hamburg is the most beautiful city _______I’ve ever seen.
This is the best TV _______ is made in China.
The first museum _______ he visited in China was the History Museum.
that
that
that
先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只用that 。
I’ve read all the books ________ you lent me.
No sample ________ we nave received is satisfactory.
Please send us any information ________ you have about the subject.
He is the only person _________ was present at the time.
that
that
that
that
先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修饰时，引导词只用that 。
The famous writer and his works ________ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.
A victim is a person , animal or thing ________ suffers pain , death , harm , etc.
that
that
先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导词只用that .
Who _______ you have ever seen can do it better
Who _______ you are talking to is the young fellow
that
that
Who做先行词时，引导词只用that 。
二、不能用that的情况
He made the same mistakes again ,_____ made his parents very angry.
Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_______ cost me more than 100 yuan .
Mr Smith,_______ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.
My uncle has come back from abroad,________ I haven’t met for along time.
which
which
who
whom
在非限制性定语从句（有逗号分开）中，引导词不能用that
Her bag , in ________ she put all her money , has been stolen.
This is the ring on ________ she spent 1000 dollars.
Xiao Wang ,with ________ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.
which
which
whom
在介词后面，引导词不能用that , 只能用which（代指事物），或用whom（代指人）。
Whose =
I live in a house ______ windows face the sea.
=I live in a house. The windows of the house face the sea.
=I live in a house, the windows ____ ____ face the sea.
She is my friend whose father is a famous star.
=She is my friend, the father___ _______ is a famous star.
whose
of which
of whom
of which/whom
用关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose 填空：1.The earthquake ____ shook the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2.We don’t know the number of people____ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.3.The house ____ they built in 1987 is still very new.4.The boy ____ father is a teacher is very clever.5.Luckily none of the people ____ I know were killed.
which/that
who/that
which/ that/省略
whose
who/ that/ whom/省略
把下列句子合并为含有定语从句的复合句1.The girl is not here. She is going to sing a song.__________________________________________________________2. The school is a big one. The school stands near the river._________________________________________________________________.3.Have you answered the letter You got the letter two weeks ago._________________________________________________________________.4. He’ll meet his daughter. He hasn’t seen her for years._________________________________________________________________.5.The house is very old. Its windows face south._________________________________________________________________.
The girl who/ that is going to sing a song is not here.
The school which / that stands near the river is a big one.
Have you answered the letter (which /that) you got two weeks ago.
He'll meet his daughter (who/ whom/ that) he hasn't seen for years.
The house is very old whose windows face south.
THANKS