人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters Discovering Useful Structures课件(共49张PPT)

(共49张PPT)
定语从句
Attributive Clause
Unit 4
Unit4 Discovering useful structures
定语与定语从句
PART 1
The definition of the attribute:
1. This is a flower basket.
2. This is a basket full of flowers.
3. This is a flower basket bought by my friend.
4. This is a flower basket that was bought by my friend .
定语: 修饰名词或代词的成分，用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征。
1.定语主要有形容词，名词，介词短语，非谓语，句子；常译为“……的”
2.在所修饰词之前的定语叫前置定语，在所修饰词之后的定语叫后置定语。
3. 单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。
Definition
1
4
定语
从句
定语从句
≈adj.相当于形容词的词、短语或句子，用来修饰、限定说明名词或代词的品质或特征。如：the red laptop
从句充当主句的某一成分,句子成分完整。
I believe that I can fly.
充当定语的从句
那是栋大楼。That is a building.
那栋大楼建于1981年。That building was built in 1981.
那是栋建于1981年的大楼。
That is a building which was built in 1981.
定语从句
He is a teacher who likes playing football.
定语从句:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句，其作用相当于形容词。(即：充当定语的从句)
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词。（引导词）
定语从句
likes playing football
关系词
teacher
先行词
There were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake.
关系词
先行词
The gold medal which she won has been given to her old school.
关系词
先行词
buildings
had been destroyed by the earthquake
定语从句
gold medal
she won
定语从句
Definition
1
7
先行词
关系词
走在关系词前面的词，被修饰的词
中间人：有关系有背景，两边都吃得开！
主句
从句
The book that I am reading is interesting.
指代先行词
充当成分
什么关系？
I am the only person who knows the secret.
定 语 从 句 的 关 系 词
PART 2
定语从句的关系词
定语从句的关系词
关系代词
关系副词
who
whom
that
which
whose
as
where
when
why
第四单元
第五单元
关系词的三个作用:
引导定语从句。
代替先行词。
在定语从句中担当一个成分。
This is a flower basket that was bought by my friend .
关系代词的用法
1.关系代词who
The number of people who were killed in the disaster was over 100.
He is the athlete (who) I met yesterday.
指人：作主语
指人：作宾语
总结：关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
定语从句的关系词
2.关系代词whom
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
The girl (whom) the soldier rescued yesterday is John’s sister.
The man with whom you talked just now is my captain.
总结：
(1)关系代词whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，也可用who/that来代替。
(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who或that。
宾语（人）
宾语（人）
宾语（人）
定语从句的关系词
3.关系代词which
There were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake.
The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.
指物：作主语
指物：作宾语
总结：关系代词which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
定语从句的关系词
4.关系代词that
Yesterday I read an article that was about natural disasters.
Do you know the girl that is talking with our teacher
The woman (that) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
The report (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.
指物：作主语
指人：作主语
指人：作宾语
指物：作宾语
总结：
that既可以指人，相当于who或whom；也可以指物，相当于which。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
定语从句的关系词
5.关系代词whose
This is the boy whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.
The classroom whose door is broken can hold 40 students.
指人：作定语
指物：作定语
总结：关系代词whose通常指人的，也可指物的，（表示某人的，某物的，先行词和whose后的名词是所属关系）在定语从句中作定语。
关系代词 指物和人 在从句中作主语或宾语
指物 在从句中作主语或宾语
指人 在从句中作主语或宾语
在从句中作宾语
指人和物 在从句中作定语
Summary
that
which
who
whom
whose
特 别 提 醒
PART 3
当先行词是物时，只用that不用which的情况
2
17
先行词是不定代词或被不定代词所修饰
We should write down everything that he told us.
先行词被序数词修饰
The first place that I want to go is the park.
先行词被形容词最高级修饰
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
先行词被the very, the only修饰
This is the very book that I want to buy.
先行词既有人又有物
Look at the people and their cars that are stuck in the traffic jam.
前面已出现which
Which film that came out last year did you like
当先行词是物时，只用which不用that的情况
2
18
介词+which
The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
逗号+which
Do you like this book, which was written by Ben
前面已出现that
That building which stands in front of me is a library.
用 法 区 别
在下列情况下，关系词宜用who不宜用that。
(1)当先行词是I, you, he, they等人称代词或指人的不定代词, 如one, ones, anyone时。
Anyone who does that must be mad.
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。
(2)当先行词为指人的those时。
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
特殊情况
the way 作先行词
I don’t like the way (in which/that) you talk to me.
如果the way 在定语从句中作状语，其关系词有三种不同的表达方式：
the way + in which/that/省略
Exercise: Which V.S That
2
21
1.Tom is the cleverest boy __________ I have ever known.
2.This is the ring on _______ she spent 1000 dollars.
·3.I’ve read all the books ___________ you lend me.
4.That dog _________ belongs to Tom bit me yesterday.
5.I’ve never heard of the people and thing ________ you talked about just now.
6.This is the flower, _________ was planted in the park.
that
which
that
which
which
that
定 语 从 句的 谓 语 动 词
PART 4
定语从句的谓语动词的形式
The suitcase which lies on the ground is hers.
lies
总结1：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
定语从句的谓语动词的形式
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。
总结2：“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；
were
定语从句的谓语动词的形式
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French. 他是我们班男生中唯一一个学过法语的。
总结3：“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。
has
drills
1) Here are some of the people ________ homes were destroyed by the typhoon"
2) The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _______were asleep.
3) The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything ________ they could find.
4 )Several days later, most of the buildings _____________had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.
5） The injured boy _________ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.
that/which
that
who/that
whose
whose
P 52
drills
6. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by ______________she was rescued.
7. Is this the young boy __________ saved several other students trapped under buildings
8. She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.
9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ________ parents were seated together joking.
who/that
whom
that
whose
28
定从造句口诀：
写
找
换
连
主句、从句
写两句
先行词
找相同
看人、物
换（定语）连词
连接主句从句
连主从
连
换
找
写
四步曲
Usage 关系代词用法
Round 1
先行词
为物
用法1先行词为物
that&which作主语
（不能省）
I want to
be a
detective(侦探).
This is his dream.
His dream will come true.
This is his dream which/that
will come true.
作主语
用法1先行词为物
that&which作主语
（不能省）
I was lost.
The dog has been found.
The dog was lost.
The dog that/which was lost has been found.
作主语
用法1先行词为物
that&which作宾语
（可省略）
A cute toy
This is the toy.
I've just received the toy.
This is the toy（that/which） I've just received.
作宾语
This is the toy I've just received.(可省略)
Round 2
先行词
为人
Usage 关系代词用法
Let's practice 合二为一
broke the
window
The boy is called Mark.
The boy broke the window.
The boy who/that broke the window is called Mark.
用法2先行词为人
who&that&whom作宾语
（可省略）
anime（动漫） star,
The man is a famous anime star.
He talked about the man just now.
The man (who/that/whom) he talked about just now is a famous
anime star.
.
作宾语
whose
The boy is my classmate.
The boy's father is a policeman.
合二为一
The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.
whose作定语，
表所属关系。
Let's practice 合二为一
He bought a house.
Its windows are made of wood.
He bought a house whose windows are made of wood
drills
The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman.
The woman 's family survived the earthquake. (whose)
The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman whose family survived the earthquake.
Use an Attributive Clause to combine each pair of sentences.
drills
The people lost everything in the quake.
We need to help them prepare for the coming winter. (who)
We need to help the people who have lost everything in the quake prepare for the coming winter.
Use an Attributive Clause to combine each pair of sentences.
启动计时器
时间到！
时间限制：
3 分钟
启动计时器
时间到！
120
10
20
30
40
50
60
110
100
90
80
70
时间限制：
2 分钟
Group work
Thank
You!
Conclusion
part 4
Summary
定语从句解题三步骤
三“分析”
把先行词代入定从
分析先行词在定从中充当的成分
找出先行词
做主/ 宾/ 表/ 定，选择关系代词
一“找”
二“代”
做状语，
选择关系副词
主/宾/ 表；人/物
which
who
whose
that
whom
when
where
why
主/宾/ 表；物
主/宾/ 表；人
宾语；人
定语；人/物
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
关系副词与关系代词的区分
The reason ___________ she gave was not true.
This is the reason _____________ I didn't come.
why/for which
指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中：
作状语时，用关系副词where/when/why等引导。
which/that
指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中：
作主语或宾语时，用关系代词which或that引导。
1. This is the place _______ he works.
This is the place ___________we visited
last year.
2. That was the time ______ he arrived.
Do you still remember the time _________ we spent together
3. This is the reason ____________ he went.
The reason ___________ he gave us was quite reasonable.
where
which/that
when
that/which
why/for which
that/which
六、as
as引导的限制性定语从句：用在固定搭配中，如：
He is not the same man as he was.
You may take as many books as you want.
The world has been changing at such a high speed as no one has expected.
2.as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，在从句中做主语或宾语。
The earth, as we all know, goes around the sun.
As I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet.
As we had expected, he changed his mind later.
As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
As is reported in the newspaper, this bank is one of the biggest ones in this city.
Just as Professor Scotti often puts it,(状语从句) success is ninety-nine percent attitude.
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别。
非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般用which或as来引导。如：
He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.
(1)as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。
They are hollow, which makes them very light.
As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.
(2)从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西， “就象… …那样”。as有“正如”之意，而which没有此意。
(3)如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用，则用which，而不用as，如：
She stole her friend’s money, which was disgraceful.
He tore up my photo, which upset me.