UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
语篇解读：健康的生活方式是减少疾病、应对生活压力和提高生活质量的宝贵资源。那么，什么样的生活方式才是健康的生活方式呢？
What Is A Healthy Lifestyle
A healthy lifestyle isn't just diet and exercise. So what is a healthy lifestyle
In general, most would agree that a healthy person doesn't smoke, is at a healthy weight, eats a balanced① healthy diet, thinks positively, feels relaxed, exercises regularly, has good relationships②， and benefits from a good life balance.
Why Is It Important
A healthy lifestyle is a valuable resource for reducing the incidence(影响范围) and impact of health problems, for recovery, for coping with life stresses, and for improving quality of life. There is a growing body of scientific evidence③ that shows our lifestyles play a huge part in how healthy we are.From what we eat and drink, to how much exercise we take, and whether we smoke or take drugs, all will affect our health, not only in terms of life expectancy④， but how long we can expect to live without experiencing chronic disease.
Good Health Is “Simple—But It's Not Easy”
It is so important to make “keeping healthy” a part of our day-to-day living habits. Your health depends on what you do throughout the day, every day. A healthy lifestyle is absolutely vital. Here is a really simple solution—slowly improve your lifestyle in a step-by-step way. If you take one new health step every two months, for example, in two to three years you will be among the healthiest ten percent of people in the Western world.
Can You Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle
Whatever your age, fitness level or body shape, it's never too soon or too late to start thinking about living healthily. You can take a step towards healthy living by making one change now to your daily life. That won't be so hard, will it
词海拾贝
①balanced adj.平衡的 ②relationship n．关系
③evidence n．证据 ④expectancy n．预期
美句欣赏
From what we eat and drink, to how much exercise we take, and whether we smoke or take drugs, all will affect our health, not only in terms of life expectancy, but how long we can expect to live without experiencing chronic disease.
译文：从我们吃什么和喝什么，到我们做了多少运动，无论吸烟还是吸毒，都会影响我们的健康，不仅在预期寿命方面，还有在没有慢性疾病的情况下我们可以期待活多长时间。
探究思辨
1．What does a healthy person usually do D
A．Go on a diet. B．Do sports outside.
C．Smoke occasionally. D．A positive attitude.
解析：根据第二段中“...thinks positively”可知，健康的人乐观地思考。故选D。
2．Which is not the benefit of a healthy lifestyle C
A．Dealing with stresses.
B．Improving quality of life.
C．Having sharp mind.
D．Reducing the impact of health problems.
解析：根据Why Is It Important？部分可知C.(思维敏捷。)不是文章中所陈述的健康生活方式的好处。故选C。
3．What can we infer from the passage A
A．What you do throughout the day decides your health.
B．Take a health step every day in two months and you will be among the healthiest person.
C．It is too late to live healthily at an old age.
D．It is hard to make a change to your daily life.
解析：根据Good Health Is “Simple—But It's Not Easy”部分第二句“Your health depends on what you do throughout the day, every day.(你的健康取决于你每天所做的事情。) ”可知，A项正确。根据该部分最后一句可知B项错误和Can You Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle？部分(无论你的年龄、健康水平或体型如何，开始考虑健康生活永远不会太早或太晚。从现在开始改变你的日常生活，你就可以向健康生活迈出一步。那也不难，对吧？)可知C、D项错误。故选A。
外出就餐、点外卖已经成为当代年轻人生活的一部分，然而许多深受消费者喜爱的食物中常常含有大量的油脂、盐、糖，且它们往往是高热量食物。这些食物是造成一些慢性疾病(如高血压、糖尿病、脂肪肝等)年轻化的主要因素。同时，缺乏必要的身体锻炼也加速了慢性疾病在年轻群体中的发作。
The National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China recently issued a report on nutrition in which it warns that more than half of the adults, and nearly 20 percent of those aged between 6 and 17 in the country are overweight or obese, and chronic diseases, such as high blood pressure, diabetes and fatty liver, are becoming public health threats.Dining out, ordering takeout online, and snacking are part of modern lifestyle, while the fact is that such types of foods can often be high in calories, fat, salt and sugar.The use of convenient electric and electronic devices, with a sharp decline in all major types of physical activities, is another factor leading to poor health.
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
课文预读
Ⅰ.快读文章，把握大意
1．Part 1 (Para.1) A．How to change a bad habit.
2．Part 2 (Para.2) B．Teenagers tend to form bad habits.
3．Part 3 (Paras.3～4) C．The habit cycle helps understand the habit
formation.
4．Part 4 (Para.5) D．Discipline helps break a bad habit.
5．Part 5 (Paras.6～7) E．Choices lead to habits.
答案：1.B 2.E 3.C 4.A 5.D
Ⅱ.精读文章，品读细节
1．What can be learned from the opening two paragraphs B
A．Bad habits formed as teenagers will disappear when they grow up.
B．Teenagers shouldn't let harmful habits dominate their lives.
C．Choices can lead to habits which are relatively easy to change.
D．People have little difficulty removing bad habits after hard attempts.
2．What does the word“facilitate”in Paragraph 5 mean A
A．To make things more likely to happen.
B．To stop things from happening.
C．To make things greater in amount.
D．To become less in importance.
3．Which of the following is a positive routine when students encounter a difficult problem D
A．Turn to the teacher for help immediately.
B．Check the answer to the problem in the book.
C．Search the solution on the Internet.
D．Think independently for a while before asking for help.
4．Which group of people are most likely to break away from bad habits？ C
A．Adolescents who often become pessimistic and give up.
B．Students expecting a sudden change.
C．Adults showing discipline and taking small steps.
D．Teenagers reluctant to make appropriate changes.
Ⅲ.重读文章，激发潜能
Just as Aristotle put it，“We are what we 1.repeatedly (repeated) do.”In many aspects, our lifestyle is the result of the choices that we have made. So forming good habits is very important, especially for 2.teenagers (teenager). That's because bad habits，if not corrected, will have 3.a bad effect on our adult life. To prevent harmful habits from dominating our life, we should make use 4.of the “habit cycle” to kick bad habits and develop good ones. First we can facilitate positive changes by examining our bad habit cycles and trying to adapt them. Aside from this, we should also form good habits on purpose. Gradually, we 5.will be rewarded (reward) by our actions.
Of course, bad habits, once 6.formed (form), are not easy for us to get out of. Some people can get out of bad habits quickly while others might try many times until they succeed.If we can't succeed straight away, don't become pessimistic. As a matter of fact, the 7.most successful (successful) way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. 8.As the Chinese saying goes, “A journey of a thousand miles 9.begins (begin)with a single step.”As long as we continue to take small steps, we are sure 10.to get (get) rid of bad habits and build a healthy life.
解析：
1．考查副词。句意：正如亚里士多德所说：“重复的行为造就了我们。”修饰动词do应该用副词。repeatedly“反复地；再三地”。故填repeatedly。
2．考查名词复数。句意：因此养成良好的习惯是非常重要的，特别是对青少年而言。介词for后面应该用名词作宾语，而teenager是可数名词，且空前没有冠词等限定词，所以用复数形式。故填teenagers。
3．考查冠词。句意：那是因为如果不改正那些坏习惯，它们将会对我们的成年生活产生不好的影响。have a bad effect on...“对……有不好的影响”。故填a。
4．考查介词。此处指为了防止有害的习惯支配我们的生活，我们应该利用“习惯周期”。make use of“利用”。故填of。
5．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：渐渐地，我们将被我们的行为奖励。根据句意可知此处应该用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be rewarded。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：当然，对我们来说坏习惯一旦养成很难改掉。根据句子结构可知，此处是状语从句的省略形式，form 和逻辑主语bad habits 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。once formed 的完整形式为once they are formed。故填formed。
7．考查形容词的最高级。句意：事实上，最成功的改变方式不是突然的，而是经过一段时间。根据空前的定冠词the以及空后的名词way及句意判断应该用形容词最高级。故填most successful。
8．考查定语从句。句意：正如中国的一句俗语所说：“千里之行，始于足下。”分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”。故填As。
9．考查动词的时态。此处为格言、警句，故用一般现在时。故填begins。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：只要持续地迈出一小步，我们肯定能摆脱坏习惯，建立一种健康的生活方式。be sure to do sth.“肯定会做某事”。故填to get。
阅读技巧点拨
通过因果关系猜词 1.首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。
2.有时文章借助关联词 (如because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore等)表示前因后果。
Ⅰ.词形转换
1． rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖→ reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的
2． alcohol n．酒；酒精→ alcoholic adj.酒精的，含酒精的
3． abuse n．滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂→ abuser n．滥用者；施虐者
4． physical adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的→ physically adv.身体上，身体上地→ physics n．物理学
5． dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势→ domination n．控制；支配
6． repeatedly adv.重复地→ repeated adj.反复的，再三的→ repeat v．重复；重做
7． psychology n．心理学；心理；心理影响→ psychological adj.心理的；心理学的；精神上的→ psychologist n．心理学家，心理学者
8． examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验→ examination n．考试；检查；查问
9． negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的→ positive adj.积极的；肯定的
10． pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的→ optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的
11． reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬→ rewarding adj.值得的，有意义的；赚钱的
Ⅱ.高频短语
1． become involved in 使卷入，使陷入
2． base...on 把……建立在……的基础上
3． act as 担当；充当
4． in response to 回答；答复
5． rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖
6． decide on 决定；选定
7．straight away 立即；马上
8．over and over again 反复不断地
9．according to 按照；根据……所说
10．grow up 成长
11．lead to 导致；通向
重 点 单 词
1．abuse n．滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
D 典型例句
I will talk about some abuses of the word.
我将谈一谈这个词被滥用的一些情况。
Child abuse is not allowed in our country.
在我们国家是不允许虐待孩子的。
He abused his power to help his son become qualified.
他滥用职权帮助儿子取得资格。
Whoever abuses pets will be punished.
无论谁虐待宠物都将受到处罚。
T 图解助记
S 思维拓展
shout abuse at大声咒骂
alcohol abuse酗酒
child abuse虐待儿童
abuse one's power/privilege/position滥用权力/特权/职权
abuse one's trust辜负了某人的信任
J 即学即练
完成句子
①I cannot abuse their trust .
我不能辜负他们的信任。
②Don't abuse your friends .
不要辱骂你的朋友。
③They were accused of abusing their power to raise prices.
他们被指控滥用权力来抬高价格。
2．dominate vt.&vi.支配；控制；占有优势
D 典型例句
He tended to dominate the conversation.
他往往左右着交谈的内容。
Arsenal dominated the first half of the match.
阿森纳队在上半场比赛中占据上风。
She completely dominates her family and makes all the decisions.
她家里的事完全由她作主， 大事小事都是她说了算。
S 思维拓展
dominate the passions控制感情
dominate the situation主导局势
dominate over 支配；影响
domination n．控制；支配
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①The book is expected to dominate (dominate) the best-seller lists.
②They had five centuries of domination (dominate) by the Romans.
完成句子
③As a child he was dominated by his father.
他小时候由父亲主宰一切。
④His personality dominated over the other members of the committee.
他的人格影响了委员会的其他成员。
3．reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
D 典型例句
He gave the boy a reward of $100 for bringing back the lost dog.
因为找回丢失的狗，他奖励这个男孩100美元。
She got nothing in reward for her kindness.
她的好心没有得到一点回报。
How can I reward your kindness
我怎么才能报答你的恩情呢？
S 思维拓展
(1)give/offer a reward to sb. for(doing) sth.为(做)某事而给某人报酬
in reward(for)＝in return(for)作为(对……的)报答
(2)reward sb. with...for(doing) sth.为(做)某事而以……报答某人
(3)rewarding adj.值得的，有意义的
Y 易混辨析
award，reward
award award作名词时，意为“奖品，奖金”，与prize用法相似。作动词时，意为“授予，颁发”，常用搭配：award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb.
reward reward作名词时，意为“报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬”。作动词时，多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb. with sth. for (doing) sth.
Q 巧学助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded (reward) with success in the end.
②The boss decided to give a reward to him for his positive attitude towards work.
③(2023·全国甲卷)A day's work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.
④(2020·浙江卷)It is rewarding (reward) to try new things.
选词填空(award/reward)
⑤Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012.
⑥She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile.
⑦It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards .
4．facilitate vt.促进；促使；使便利
D 典型例句
Friendly contacts between different peoples facilitate the cultural and economic interchange.
各国人民的友好接触促进文化和经济交流。
The new trade agreement should facilitate more rapid economic growth.
新贸易协定应当会加快经济发展。
Structured teaching facilitates learning.
有条理的教导有利于学习。
S 思维拓展
facilitate doing 有助于做
facilitation n．促进； 简易化，助长
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①The new system facilitates pronouncing (pronounce) Chinese characters.
②Under the new situation, there is an increasing demand for trade facilitation (facilitate)．
完成句子
③The new airport will facilitate the development of tourism .
新机场将促进旅游业的发展。
④The new underground railway will facilitate the journey to all parts of the city.
新的地下铁路将为去城市各处提供方便。
5．examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验
D 典型例句
The doctor examined her carefully.
医生仔细检查了她的身体。
Examine the account well before you pay it.
在付款以前仔细核对一下账目。
He roughly examined the old records.
他粗略地检查了一下旧记录。
S 思维拓展
examine for 检/审查； 检验……以寻找(毛病、错误等)
examine(sb.) in 在(某方面)考查/测试(某人)
examine into调查，查问
examination n．考试；检查；查问
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2022· 全国乙卷)Drones are already being used to examine (examine) high-tension electrical lines.
②The examination (examine) in mathematics is very difficult.
完成句子
③(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)The researchers then examined these submissions , coding (编码) experiences into different categories.
然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分成不同的类别。
④ It is necessary to examine how the proposals can be carried out.
有必要调查一下怎样才能实施这些建议。
6．negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的
D 典型例句
Now I am afraid of getting a negative response.
现在真害怕收到否定的答复。
We should try our best to make all negative factors become positive ones.
我们应尽力化消极因素为积极因素。
I'm looking for a house, but with negative results so far.
我在找一所房子，但至今没有找到。
S 思维拓展
be negative about... 对……持否定态度
negative attitude 消极的态度
negative example 反面例子
negative effect负面影响
negatively adv.消极地；否定地
positive adj.积极的；肯定的
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①When asked for your views about your job, you mustn't be negative about it.
②If you hang with the wrong people, they will affect you negatively (negative)．
完成句子
③You can't learn anything with negative attitude .
你用消极的态度什么也学不到。
④He gave us a negative answer .
他给了我们一个否定的回答。
7．discipline n．自制力；纪律；学科 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚
D 典型例句
He'll never get anywhere working for himself─he's got no discipline.
他为自己工作是不会有什么成就的——他毫无自制力。
The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline.
这所学校因纪律严格而闻名遐迩。
Applied linguistics is a new and independent discipline.
应用语言学是一门新兴的独立学科。
The workman was disciplined by his company but not dismissed.
这名工人被他的公司处罚了，但没有被开除。
S 思维拓展
keep/obey/observe discipline遵守纪律
school discipline 校规
discipline... for... 因……而处罚……
discipline... for arriving late 因迟到而罚……
discipline sb. for bad behavior 因某人行为不端而予以处罚……
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Mathematics and physics are related disciplines (discipline)．
② The officers were disciplined for their mistakes.
8．pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的
D 典型例句
I have to say I'm rather pessimistic.
我得说我相当悲观。
Her pessimistic attitude turns him off.
她那悲观的态度很令他不高兴。
There is a pessimistic tone to what he is saying.
他的话语中带着悲观的调子。
S 思维拓展
be pessimistic about... 对……感到悲观
pessimism n．悲观； 悲观情绪； 悲观主义
optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的
optimism n．乐观； 乐观主义
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①There is no reason to be pessimistic about the future.
②I don't want to hear any more pessimism (pessimistic)．
重 点 短 语
1．lead to 导致，造成(后果)；通往……，通向
D 典型例句
Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion.
缺乏锻炼会导致抑郁和疲劳。
(天津高考)False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.
假火警是犯法的而且可能导致坐牢。
All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马。
注意：lead to中的to是介词，后应该接名词或动名词作宾语。含义同result in/bring about，意为“导致”。
S 思维拓展
lead sb. to do sth.使(导致)某人做某事
lead a...life过……样的生活
lead...to/into...把……领到/领进……
lead the way引路；带路
The secretary finally led us into the office of his boss.
秘书终于领我们进了他老板的办公室。
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2022· 新高考全国Ⅰ卷)A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
②When he was young, his bad eating habits and lack of exercise led (lead) to health problems.
③Her words led everyone to think (think) that he was a thief.
完成句子
④He led the way , and led us to a village of Tibet. There we found the local people leading a happy life .
他带路，把我们领到了西藏的一个小村庄。在那里，我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。
2．base...on 把……建立在……的基础上
D 典型例句
He based his theory on what he had found.
他的理论基于他的发现。
The researcher's conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant's DNA.
调查者的结论是以研究非洲大象的DNA为基础的。
S 思维拓展
be based on/upon... 以……为基础/依据
at the base of... 以……为基点；在……的底部
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①The famous writer likes to base his stories on the real life of people around him.
② At the base of the gold cup, the words “made in the USA” had been neatly inscribed.
完成句子
③They based the news report on facts.
他们以事实为这篇新闻报道的基础。
④This news report was based on facts.
这篇新闻报道是以事实为基础的。
3.according to按照；根据……所说
D 典型例句
(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food.
根据市场分析人士的一项新研究，五分之一的英国人表示，观看电视上的烹饪节目鼓励他们尝试不同的食物。
According to Mick，it's a great movie.
据米克说，这是一部了不起的电影。
S 思维拓展
(1)according to中的to为介词，其后跟名词、代词或从句，在句中作状语。
(2)according to用来引出来自他人或他处的消息，不能与me或my opinion连用。若用“依我看”来表示自己的观点，可用in my opinion。
J 即学即练
完成句子
① According to Jack/In Jack's opinion (在杰克看来), Chinese is the most difficult language to learn.
② According to (根据) the latest survey, many British suffer from heart disease.
4．in response to回答；答复
D 典型例句
He did it in response to an inner calling.
他受内心欲望的驱使而做了那件事。
They did it in response to external pressures.
他们这么做是迫于外界的压力。
S 思维拓展
make a positive response to...对……积极的反应
in response 作为答复
respond v．回答；响应；反应；反应灵敏；反响
respond to 顺从，服从；响应
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①I received an encouraging response (respond) to my advertisement.
②The meeting was called in response to a request from civil people.
5．rely on/upon 依赖；依靠；相信；信赖
D 典型例句
As some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to rely on other musicians to help them.
由于他们中的一些歌手唱得不够好，他们不得不依靠其他音乐家来帮助他们。
Not having found a better way, we had to rely on him to make the design.
由于没有找到更好的方法，我们不得不靠他来完成这个设计。
The success of this project relies on everyone making an effort.
本项目的成功有赖于诸位的努力。
S 思维拓展
rely on sb.to do sth.指望/相信某人会做某事
rely on (sb. doing) sth.依赖/信任/指望……
rely on it that...相信……；指望……
W 误区警示
①rely on后不直接跟宾语从句，须先接it作形式宾语，再接真正的宾语。
②rely on仅表示“依靠，依赖，指望”，而depend on除表示“依靠，依赖”之外，还有“取决于，视……而定”之意。
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①It's not wise always to rely on/upon others' help.
②We should rely on it that everything will go well.
③Most working women rely on parents to help (help) look after their children.
完成句子
④You may rely on it that he will win the match.
你要相信他能赢得比赛。
⑤Simon is my close friend, who can be relied on to do what he promises.
西蒙是我亲密的朋友，你可以相信他会兑现自己的承诺。
6．decide on (对……作出)决定；选定
D 典型例句
It is still raining and it is difficult to decide on a date to go on our project.
天还在下雨，很难决定一个日期继续我们的工程。
He has decided on spending the vacation by the sea.
他决定在海边度假。
T 图解助记
S 思维拓展
decide on (doing) sth.决定(做)某事
decide against doing sth.决定不做某事
make a decision作出决定
come to/reach a decision作出决定
Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.
决定一个新的行动方向并且逐次作出决定。
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国甲卷改编)At today's meeting we are to discuss and decide on the most effective approaches to the study of mathematics.
②In the end, he decided on spending (spend) his summer holiday by the sea.
句型转换
③I thought about London or Greece, but finally decided that I would go to Sydney.
→I thought about London or Greece, but finally decided on Sydney.
重 点 句 型
1．These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，成年后可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。
J 句式分析
if left unchecked...是条件状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：if they are left unchecked...，状语从句的省略的用法：
When (she was)very young, she began to learn to play the piano.
她很小就开始学弹钢琴。
When (he is) speaking English, he often makes mistakes.
说英语时他常出错。
If (it is) necessary, ring me at home.
如果有必要，往我家里打电话。
Q 巧学助记
巧记状语从句的省略：
时，条，让，方，地，主语同，谓语be，二者省去不可惜，从句主语是it，省去it's也可以。
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Though annoyed (annoy)at Tom's words, she forced a smile.
②There are some health problems that, when not treated (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on.
③(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Americans are still texting while driving (drive), as well as using social networks and taking photos.
④If accepted (accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon.
⑤I'm interested in the music club and I'd like to join it if possible.
完成句子
⑥ If possible (如果可能), I will learn to carve.
⑦ When necessary (必要的时候)，I will step out of my comfort zone.
2．So, when we feel unhappy again, rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead, which will make us feel relaxed.
所以，当我们再次感到不开心时，与其吃零食，不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐，这会让我们感到放松。
J 句式分析
句中rather than连接两个并列谓语。rather than可以作连词，连接两个并列的成分，如名词、代词、形容词、介宾短语、不定式等。
These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.
与其说这些鞋子漂亮，不如说穿起来舒服。
Tom rather than his parents enjoys watching TV.
汤姆，而不是他父母，喜欢看电视。
I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee.
我想喝冷饮，不想喝咖啡。
He depends on you rather than on me.
他依靠你而不是依靠我。
S 思维拓展
Liu Hulan would rather die than yield.
刘胡兰宁死不屈。
He prefers to play rather than work.
他宁可玩，而不愿工作。
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①I, rather than you, am responsible for the car accident.
句式转换
②He preferred to die rather than give in to the enemy.
＝He would rather die than give in to the enemy.
＝He would die rather than give in to the enemy.
他宁死也不愿向敌人屈服。
3. As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”
正如中国哲学家老子所言：“千里之行，始于足下。”
J 句式分析
As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote是非限制性定语从句，as代替整个主句的内容。as引导非限制性定语从句时放在主句前后或中间均可，意为“正如”，后边的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，write，report等。
S 思维拓展
as is known to all 众所周知
as is expected 正如所预料的那样
as is reported 正如所报道的那样
as everybody knows众所周知
as we all know 正如我们所知道的那样
as you can see 正如你所看见的那样
as is often the case 这是常有的事
As is known to us all, the earth is round.
众所周知，地球是圆的。
He is absent, as is often the case.
他缺席了，他经常这样。
M 名师点津
as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分隔主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。
(2)as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。which常译为“这，这件事”。
(3)当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只能用which。
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①The output of the farms, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
完成句子
② As everybody knows , he is a famous writer and won many awards.
众所周知，他是一个著名的作家并获得了很多奖项。
难 句 分 析
1．The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.
J 句式分析
N 牛刀小试
翻译： 好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是如何运作的，我们可以改变。
2.For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy (reward)．
J 句式分析
N 牛刀小试
翻译： 例如，当我们感到不快乐时(提示)，我们就吃很多不健康的零食(惯例)，这让我们感到快乐(奖励)。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The drug is not harmful itself, but is dangerous, according to the new finding, if taken with alcohol (酒)．
2．He is a great leader, who never abuses (滥用) his power which is given by the people.
3．He denied that his country wants to dominate (控制)Europe.
4．He received a medal in reward (奖励) for his bravery.
5．I can't understand that man's psychology (心理)．
6．This might account for his pessimistic (悲观的) views.
7．The doctor examined (检查) the child and said she was healthy.
8．I have a negative (否定的) opinion of the value of this plan.
9．She is strict in the matter of discipline (纪律)．
10．Each side undertakes to facilitate (使便利) the further development of such contacts and exchanges.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Adler could hardly dominate himself (him)．
2．I send him a book in reward for his help.
3．Zip codes are used to facilitate (facilitate) mail service.
4．(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination (examine) of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable.
5．I'm a little pessimistic about our team's chances.
6．Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.
7．The quick recovery was truly in response to medication.
8．(天津高考)The robot responds, which is based on what it learns about each individual in the household.
9．(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon(峡谷) while learning (learn)about the area's natural and human history.
10．(2023·全国甲卷) What we discovered is that it's unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．当被问及他成功的秘诀时，他说他的成功和幸福在很大程度上归功于他的妻子和孩子。(状语从句的省略)
When asked about the secret of his success , he said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
2．正如一位专家所说，缺乏自信的孩子不愿意尝试新事物。(as引导定语从句)
As an expert says , a kid who lacks confidence will be reluctant to try something new.
3．他迟到的原因是他困于拥挤的交通中。(表语从句)
The reason why he came late was that he was stuck in the heavy traffic .
4．你的幸福是自己亲手创造的，而不是靠别人给予的。(rather than)
Your happiness is created by your hands, rather than rely on others to give .
5．汤姆对我的建议嗤之以鼻并离开了，这让我感到很失落。(which引导定语从句)
Tom sniffed at my suggestion and walked away, which made me feel upset .Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
语法探究：完成下列教材中的句子并体会其语法特征
1．However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form (form) had habits.
2． To prevent (prevent) harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life is essential.
3． To change (change) bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.
4．After all, it is not easy to break (break) bad habits.
归纳总结
1．所有设空部分都是作什么成分： 主语 。
2．句1、4中设空部分为句子的真正主语，句中的it为 形式主语 。
3．句2、3中设空部分直接用 不定式短语 作句子的主语。
Ⅰ.词形转换
1． compose vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写→ composer n．作曲家；作曲者
2． surgeon n．外科医生→ surgery n．外科手术；外科学
3． liberation n．解放；摆脱→ liberate vt.解放；放出；释放
4． shave vi.，vt.& n．剃(须发)；刮脸→ shaver n．理发师；电动剃刀
5． disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼→ disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
6． specialist n．专科医生；专家→ specialize v．专门从事；详细说明；特化→ special adj.特别的
7． consultant n．顾问；高级顾问医师→ consult v．查阅；商量；向……请教
Ⅱ.高频短语
1． be composed of 由……组成(或构成)
2． shave off 剃掉；刮去
3． be in control of... 控制……
4． cut out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)
5． take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间，地方)
6． stick to 坚持
7．make up one's mind 下定决心
8．give up 放弃
9．go on a diet 节食，减肥
10．lose weight 减肥
重 点 单 词
1．compose vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写
D 典型例句
Our class is composed of eighteen boys and twelve girls.
我们班由18个男生和12个女生组成。
She began to compose songs at an early age.
她还很年轻时就已经开始创作歌曲。
He was composing at the piano at the age of seven.
他7岁时就会用钢琴作曲。
S 思维拓展
be composed of 由……组成(或构成)
composer n．作曲家；作家
composition n．成分；作品
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①The houses in my hometown were chiefly composed of wood.
②According to a report，the committee is composed (compose) of 12 members.
③Five doctors and ten nurses, composing (compose) the rescue team, were sent to the earthquake-hit area this morning.
④Tom delayed his composition, for the first sentence was so hard to compose (compose)．
2．shave vi.，vt.& n．剃(须发)；刮脸
D 典型例句
I lathered my face and started to shave.
我往脸上涂了皂沫，然后开始刮胡子。
Father shaved his beard.
父亲剃了胡须。
He had a shave and a bath.
他刮了脸，又洗了澡。
S 思维拓展
shave off 剃掉；刮去
shave up 剃光
shaver n．理发师；电动剃刀
J 即学即练
完成句子
①Do you shave your face every day
你每天都刮脸吗？
②The barber gave him a shave and a haircut.
理发师给他修面理发。
3.disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼
D 典型例句
They took the phone off the hook so no calls would disturb them.
他们摘下电话听筒，以免电话打扰他们。
She has disturbed his plans for going abroad.
她打乱了他出国的全部计划。
It disturbs me profoundly that you so misuse your talents.
你如此滥用自己的才能，使我深感不安。
S 思维拓展
disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
disturbed adj.心神不安的；担心的
disturbance n．打扰；扰乱；骚动
It is very disturbing that we haven't seen him for a long time.
好长时间没见到他，这令我们深感不安。
I'm very disturbed about him.
我很担心他。
Q 巧学助记
They were all disturbed by the disturbing news; that is, the news disturbed all of them.
这条令人不安的消息使他们都深感不安。也就是说，这条消息使他们都感到不安。
J 即学即练
用disturb的适当形式填空
①Don't disturb the sleeping child.
②The disturbing news has made everyone present upset.
③The drunken man caused a disturbance in the street.
4．consultant n．顾问；高级顾问医师
D 典型例句
He is a consultant on labor affairs to the mayor.
他是市长的一个劳工顾问。
There're many consultants in hospital.
医院里有很多会诊医生。
S 思维拓展
consultant service 咨询服务
consult v．查阅；商量；向……请教
consult the dictionary 查字典
consult about... 就……请教
consult sb. on/about sth. 请教某人某事；就某事向某人请教
consult with... 与……商量
consult with sb. about a problem
与某人就一个问题进行磋商
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Have you consulted a doctor about your fever
②Before we accept the management's offer we must consult with the workers again.
③He was appointed as a consultant (consult) to a software firm.
完成句子
④ Of all the consultants , only Mr. Wang gave us some proposals in point.
所有的顾问当中，只有王先生提了一些中肯的建议。
⑤I need to consult with my colleagues on the proposals.
我需要和我的同事商讨这些建议。
5．skip vt.跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳 n．蹦跳
D 典型例句
He skipped the dull parts of the book.
他把书的枯燥部分跳过去不读。
Brooks skipped school three days in a row.
布鲁克斯连续三天逃学。
You may skip and read only those passages which concern you.
你可以跳读，只选那些与你有关的段落读一下即可。
S 思维拓展
skip aside 跳向一边
skip off 溜走，匆匆离开
skip for joy 欢跳
skip out of sb.'s way 闪开给某人让路
skip over 跳过，忽略，略过
skip through 跳读，浏览
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①They saw the man with a little girl skipping (skip) along behind him.
②I skipped through the first part of the book, eager to get to the exciting bits.
③She skipped off without paying her bill.
完成句子
④He gave a skip of joy as he heard the news.
得知这个消息，他高兴地跳了起来。
⑤She skipped the boring parts of the text and just looked at the picture.
她跳过了课文中那些枯燥无味的部分，只看那些插图。
6．specialist n．专家 adj.专业的
D 典型例句
(2022·浙江卷)For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist.
近十年来，Merebeth一直是一名自营宠物运输专家。
(2021·天津卷)There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.
即使你是一个专家，成为一个多面手也是值得考虑的。
I should refer to some specialist magazines to deal with the problem.
我应该参考一些专业杂志来解决这个问题。
S 思维拓展
a specialist in sth....……方面的一个专家
specialize v．专门研究；专门从事；专攻
He is a specialist in international law.
他是国际法专家。
The mechanic specializes in repairing imported cars.
这位机械师专门修理进口车。
G 构词法
J 即学即练
用specialize的适当形式填空
①Today there are many charitable organizations specializing (specialize) in helping the weary traveler.
②You need to have specialist (specialize) teachers who impart what they know.
重 点 短 语
1．give up放弃；让出；戒除
D 典型例句
Coastguards had given up all hope of finding the two divers alive.
海岸警卫队对两位潜水员生还已完全不抱希望。
One of the men with him gave up his place on the bench.
他的一个同伴将长椅上的位子让了出来。
S 思维拓展
give in让步；屈服；投降
give in to sb./sth.向某人/某事让步，屈服于某人/某事
give away赠送；分发；泄露(机密等)
give off发出，放出(气味、热、光等)
give back归还；使恢复
give out分发；公布；耗尽；发出
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①You ought to give up smoking because it is harmful to your health.
②If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him away during the day.
③At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave in as she was so confident about her skills.
④The wood gave off a sweet smell as it burned.
⑤When quarrels break out between them, he always gives in to his wife.
2．make up one's mind下定决心
D 典型例句
Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.
她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。
We have made up our minds to finish the work before dark.
我们决心在天黑前完成工作。
S 思维拓展
make up one's mind to do sth.下定决心做某事
change one's mind 改变主意
keep/bear/have... in mind 记住；牢记在心头
speak one's mind 直言不讳
read one's mind 看出某人的心思
M 名师点津
在短语make up one's mind中，mind的单复数要随其前one's的单复数而变化。
If you think it over, maybe you will change your mind.
如果你仔细考虑一下的话，你可能就会改变主意了。
Even though the little princess is only 4 years old, sometimes she can read others' mind.
虽然这个小公主仅有4岁，但是有时她能看出别人的心思。
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①They have made up their minds to take part.
②You must keep it in mind that these exams will affect your final result.
③The man who has made up his mind to win (win) will never say “impossible”．
3．cut out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)
D 典型例句
You'd better not cut out the important details.
你最好不要把重要细节删掉。
The doctor advised me to cut out smoking and drinking.
医生建议我戒烟戒酒。
S 思维拓展
cut off 中断；切掉；使……与外界隔绝
cut in (马达或发动机)发动；插话；超车抢道
cut down(on sth.)削减，缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)
cut up 切碎；使悲伤
cut through 开辟(出路或通道)
I'd feel very cut off if I didn't know what was happening in the world.
如果我不知道世界上正在发生什么，我会感到与世隔绝。
His wife told him to cut down on his drinking.
他妻子劝他少喝酒。
He was pretty cut up about their leaving.
他们这一走使他伤心极了。
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①The tailor carefully examined the cloth before starting to cut out the garment.
②When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut off from the world.
③—Tony, why are your eyes red
—I have been cutting up chilies for the last five minutes.
4．take up拿起；开始从事；占据(时间，地方)
D 典型例句
She took up the receiver and began to dial the number.
她拿起听筒开始拨电话号码。
He did not particularly want to take up a competitive sport.
他并不特别想从事竞技体育运动。
They take up too much space.
它们占了太多空间。
S 思维拓展
take down取下；记下；拆卸
take on雇用；呈现；受欢迎
take back收回；使回想起
take off脱下；起飞；开始成功
take in包括；欺骗；吞入(体内)
take...as...把……理解为/当作
take over接管；接任
take...out...带……出去
take apart拆开
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Their flight has been delayed due to the bad weather. They would like to know when the flight will take off .
②(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
③Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.
④The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
动词不定式作主语
语法导图
语法精析
一、动词不定式(短语)作主语的基本用法
动词不定式作主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性的动作，可以有时态和语态的变化。
To hesitate means failure.
犹豫不决就意味着失败。
For him to admit his mistakes is not easy.
要他承认错误是不容易的。(带逻辑主语)
To be working all day long is a bore.
整天干活使人厌倦。(不定式进行式)
To have known you is a privilege.
认识了你真是荣幸。(不定式完成式)
二、it代替不定式作形式主语的情况
若不定式太长，则往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，不定式移至谓语之后，以使句子结构平衡。常见句型有以下4种：
It is very interesting to play in the snow in winter.
冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。
It's a pity to know you can't attend our party.
知道你不能参加我们的派对，真遗憾。
It takes ten years to grow a tree and a hundred years to educate people.
[谚]十年树木，百年树人。
It made me relaxed to know that I passed the exam.
了解到我通过了考试，我感到很轻松。
三、动词不定式(短语)作主语的主谓一致原则
1．单个不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends.
出去吃饭也是一种社交活动，可以增进我和朋友们的关系。
2．两个或两个以上的不定式(短语)作主语，若语意一致或基本一致或不定式作为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
To love and to be loved is sweet to us.
爱和被爱对我们来说都是甜蜜的。
3．两个或两个以上的不定式(短语)作主语，若语意不一致，谓语动词用复数形式。
To improve people's quality of life and to speed up social construction are two important tasks.
提高人们的生活质量和加快社会建设是两项重要任务。
四、“疑问词＋动词不定式(短语)”作主语
动词不定式(短语)可与疑问词when, where, how, what, which, who等组合，在句中作主语。
Where to hold the meeting is still unknown.
会议地点还未知。
How to solve the problem has not been decided yet.
如何解决这个问题还未决定。
五、 动词不定式(短语)与动名词作主语时的区别
1．表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用动名词；表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式。
Swimming is fun in summer.
夏天游泳是有趣的事。
To swim in this river is a great pleasure.
在这条河里游泳是件非常快乐的事。
注：有时这种区别并不很严格。但要注意：主语和表语要用同一种形式；平行结构中要用同一种形式。
To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing.
眼见为实。
Fishing is his favorite hobby, and collecting coins also gives him great pleasure.
钓鱼是他的爱好，收集硬币也给他带来极大的乐趣。
2．下列句子中通常要用动名词：
It's no good/use talking to him.
找他谈是没有用的/好处的。
It's useless discussing the matter.
讨论此事无益。
There is no stopping him.
无法阻止他。
No parking!
禁止停车！
3．下列句子中通常要用不定式：
It took us two hours to get there.
去那里我们花了两个小时。
It is necessary for us to learn English well.
我们有必要学好英语。
4．动名词作主语并不是表示某动作正在进行，而是表示经常性或习惯性的行为；不定式的进行时作主语才表示具体的某一动作正在进行。比较：
It's nice having friends to chat to.
有朋友聊聊天是很惬意的。(经常性、一般性或习惯性的行为)
It's nice to be talking with you here.
在这里跟你交谈是非常愉快的。(一次具体的正在进行的行为)
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①It took years of work to reduce (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
② Walking (walk) is a good form of exercise for both the young and the old.
③To do this is (be) to cut the feet to fit the shoes.
④ It is difficult for him to admit his mistakes.
⑤It was selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1． Travelling (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
2．It is necessary for oceans to be protected (protect) from pollution.
3．It is an honor for me to be invited (invite) to attend the meeting.
4．It is surprising for Tom to finish such a difficult task in such a short time.
5．It's very important for the new comers to study some rules.
6．I think it is stupid of them to quarrel about which football team is the best.
7．(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)So, it's been useful to know (know) how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I've moved out.
8．(2022·全国甲卷改编)In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat (eat) with your left hand.
Ⅱ.单句写作(动词不定式作主语)
1．我们每天要花上数小时做家庭作业。
It takes us hours to do our homework every day.
2．要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。
To finish the task will take a long time.
3．要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。
To finish this job in one day is impossible.
4．要把一门外语学好不容易。
It's not easy to learn a foreign language well.
5．踢足球很有趣。
It's very interesting to play football .
6．父亲批评了我并且告诉我捉弄别人是错误的。
Father criticised me and told me it's wrong to play tricks on other people .
Ⅲ.语法填空
Lucy is a pretty English girl with a 1.promising (promise) future. It's her dream 2.to become (become) a Chinese professor in the university. She knows it's necessary but a little difficult 3.for her to master Chinese, and at the same time what she should do is 4.improve (improve) her communicating ability so she is active 5.to take (take) part in school activities and Chinese speaking contests. It takes her three months 6.to practise (practise). She is excellent at 7.speaking (speak) Chinese and can communicate well. It is unbelievable for her 8.to make (make) such rapid progress in such a short time. The teacher praises her and gives her a chance 9.to perform (perform) a play in Chinese on the stage. 10.It is a pleasure for her to get the chance. It seems her dream will come true.Section Ⅲ Using Language
课文预读
Ⅰ.快读文章，把握大意
Read and analyze the organization of the letter and label the paragraphs using the letters below.
A: identifying problems
B: considering what to do
C: what he/she has done to change
D: the results
1．Letter 1: Wang Lu
Para 1 Para 2
Para 3& 4 Para 5
答案：A B C D
2．Letter 2: George Fielding
Para 1 Para 2 & 3
Para 4 Para 5
答案：A B C D
Ⅱ.精读文章，品读细节
1．What did Wang Lu most worry about？ D
A．Her not feeling well physically.
B．Her feeling dizzy and sleepy.
C．Her lacking passion.
D．Her getting the flu and toothaches easily.
2．Why did Wang Lu determine to change lifestyle choices B
A．The camp about health and lifestyle choices ended.
B．She was encouraged by what she heard at the summer camp.
C．She intended to change the world by changing herself.
D．Her dentist gave her a lot of motivation.
3．What made George Fielding become involved in his bad habit？ C
A．Attending the summer camp.
B．Being worn out.
C．Being under great pressure at school.
D．Having nothing to do but relax.
4．What do the two students Wang Lu and George Fielding have in common？ A
A．They have got rid of bad habits and become energetic now.
B．They used to like eating too much sugar.
C．They used to be addicted to playing computer games.
D．They have changed the world by changing themselves.
Ⅲ.重读文章，激发潜能
The power of the mind is huge! 1.Motivated (motivate) by the slogan “Change the world by changing yourself”，Wang Lu 2.has achieved (achieve) satisfactory results so far. Feeling 3.more dynamic (dynamic) and stronger physically and mentally, she sleeps soundly at night and 4.suffers (suffer) no flu or toothaches. Best of all is 5.how she feels about herself, that is, being in control of her own life. To make choices about herself is 6.within her own power.
As to George Fielding, he struggled 7.to avoid (avoid) playing online games though he is crazy about them. He goes rock climbing 8.monthly (month) with his father, which has greatly enhanced the quality of life, improved health and increased happiness. He gets 9.refreshed(refresh) and energetic, which makes him believe he can change himself as well as the world for 10.the better.
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。句子主语和motivate之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填Motivated。
2．考查动词的时态。句意：迄今为止，王露已经取得了令人满意的成绩。由句意以及时间状语so far可知要用现在完成时。故填has achieved。
3．考查形容词的比较级。根据后面stronger的提示可以看出，此处应用比较级，dynamic是多音节词。故填more dynamic。
4．考查动词的时态。sleeps和suffers是并列动作，故用第三人称单数形式。 故填suffers。
5．考查表语从句。此处句意是“她对自己感觉如何”。故填how。
6．考查介词。within one's power为固定搭配，意为“在某人能力范围之内”，beyond one's power意为“超出某人能力范围”。故填within。
7．考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“挣扎着做某事”。故填to avoid。
8．考查副词。此处修饰动词应使用副词，monthly既可作形容词，也可作副词。故填monthly。
9．考查形容词。get是系动词，后接形容词，refreshed adj.“焕然一新的”。故填refreshed。
10．考查冠词。for the better为固定搭配，意为“越来越好”。故填the。
阅读技巧点拨
通过同义词关系猜词 1.通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组。
2.happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思。
Ⅰ.词形转换
1． dizzy adj.头晕目眩的→ dizzily adv.使人眼花地；头昏眼花地
2． stimulate vt.激发；促进；刺激→ stimulation n．刺激；激励，鼓舞
3． sugar n．糖；食糖 vt.加糖于→ sugary adj.含糖的；甜的
4． dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的
5． virus n．病毒；病毒性疾病→ viral adj.病毒的；走红的
6． comedy n．喜剧；喜剧片；滑稽节目→ comedic adj.喜剧的
7． month n.月→ monthly adv.& adj.每月；每月一次的 n．月刊
8． enhance vt.提高；增强；增进→ enhancement n．增加；放大
9． refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→ refreshing adj.提神的；使清爽的；使人重新振作的
10． absorb vt.吸引全部注意力；吸收→ absorption n．吸收；全神贯注，专心致志
Ⅱ.高频短语
1． suffer from 遭受……之苦；患……病
2． take part in 参加
3． stressed out 焦虑不安；疲惫不堪
4． worn out 筋疲力尽的；疲惫的
5． try out 试验；考验
6．stay up 熬夜
7．have problems with sth. 做某事有困难
8．in my opinion 在我看来
9．at least 至少
10．pick up 捡起；获得；收拾；(汽车；飞机)乘载；(无意中)学会
重 点 单 词
1．stimulate vt.激发；促进；刺激
D 典型例句
The article can be used to stimulate discussion among students.
这篇文章可用来活跃学生的讨论。
Light stimulates plant growth.
光会刺激植物生长。
I hoped my warning would stimulate her to greater efforts.
我希望我的告诫会促使她作出更大的努力。
S 思维拓展
stimulate sb. to do sth. 鼓舞/激励某人做某事
stimulated by... 被……刺激
stimulate sb. into new efforts 激励某人作出新的努力
stimulation n．刺激；激励，鼓舞
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①They stimulated me to make (make) greater efforts.
②Many enjoy the mental stimulation (stimulate) of a challenging job.
完成句子
③The exhibition has stimulated people's interest in her work .
展览增进了人们对她作品的兴趣。
④I'm trying to stimulate him to study harder .
我试图激励他更加用功读书。
2．enhance vt.提高；增强；增进
D 典型例句
A beautiful garden enhances the appearance of a house.
有个美丽的花园可使房屋更美丽。
The games have enhanced friendship and unity among the people and athletes of various countries.
这次运动会增进了各国人民和运动员之间的友谊和团结。
The growth of a city often enhances the value of land close to it.
城市的发展常常会提高其附近的地价。
S 思维拓展
enhance friendship and unity 增进了友谊和团结
enhance the operation effectiveness 提高工作效率
enhance the value of land 提高地价
enhancement n．增加；放大
J 即学即练
完成句子
①The moonlight enhanced the beauty of the scene.
月光使这里的景致更美。
②Good secretarial skills should enhance your chances of getting a job.
出色的秘书工作技能会增加你找工作的机会。
3．refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新
D 典型例句
A cool drink refreshed me after my long walk.
走了很长的一段路之后，一杯冷饮使我恢复了精神。
T 图解助记
Brilliant! It's so refreshing to talk to the youth of today.
真棒！和当今的年轻人谈话真是让人耳目一新。
——《冰雪奇缘2》
D 温馨提示
前缀re-：前缀re-(＝back)，表示“又，再，回”。
rebuild[re-(＝back再)＋build(建造；建设)]vt.重建
renew[re-(＝back再，重)＋new(新)]vt.重新；重新开始
review[re-(＝back再)＋view(观察，观看)]vt./n.复习
retell[re-(＝back再，重)＋tell(讲述)]vt.复述
S 思维拓展
(1)refresh one's memory恢复记忆
refresh oneself with sth.用某物给某人提神
refresh to the eye赏心悦目，使人耳目一新
refresh time更新时间
(2)refreshing adj.使人神清气爽的
refreshment n．[U]恢复精神；[pl.]点心
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)It will undoubtedly help you get refreshed (refresh)!
②After a day's tiring work, the manager prefers taking a walk along the river bank to refresh himself (he)．
③The breeze in the autumn is really refreshing (refresh)．
④Many view these meetings as an occasion to refresh (refresh) friendship.
4．absorb vt.吸引全部注意力；吸收
D 典型例句
An airplane overhead completely absorbed the boy's attention.
这男孩的注意力完全被头顶上方的那架飞机吸引住了。
The towel absorbed water from the sink.
毛巾吸收了洗脸池里的水。
We must absorb as much information as possible.
我们必须尽可能地吸收大量信息。
S 思维拓展
absorb... from...从……吸收……
absorb one's attention吸引某人的注意力
be absorbed in 全神贯注于；专心致志于
absorbing adj.引人入胜的
absorbed adj.集中精力的
absorptionn.吸收；全神贯注；专心致志
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①The heat is absorbed (absorb) by the water.
②Mary lay on the sofa, absorbed (absorb) in her book.
完成句子
③This kind of material absorbs water easily .
这种物质容易吸水。
④ I was absorbed in a book and didn't hear you call.
我正专心读一本书，没有听见你叫我。
重 点 短 语
1．pick up捡起；(无意中)学会；获得；(用车)去接；恢复(健康、精神)；好转；接收
D 典型例句
He picked up his hat and went away.
他拾起帽子，走开了。
She picked up French when she was in Paris.
在巴黎时，她学会了法语。
She picked up a lot of information.
她偶然得到了许多信息。
Business will pick up before summer.
夏天来到之前，生意将会好转。
I picked up Radio Beijing last night.
昨晚我收听到了北京广播电台。
S 思维拓展
pick out挑出；选出；辨认出
At once I picked out my brother in the crowd.
我立即在人群中认出我哥哥来。
J 即学即练
写出下列句子中pick up的含义
①The boy picked up that hat for the old man. 捡起
②He picked up some skills by watching the workers working. (无意中)学会
③The boy will pick up after the operation. 好转
④Will you please pick me up at the airport？ (用车)去接
2.suffer from遭受……之苦；患……病
D 典型例句
She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.
她遭受孤独，但是在那儿她不得不学着喜欢它。
She has always suffered from bad health.
她的身体一直不好。
S 思维拓展
suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历
suffering n．痛苦；苦难
sufferer n．患病者；受难者
Y 易混辨析
suffer, suffer from
suffer 后常接痛苦(pain)、寒冷(cold)、饥饿(hunger)、损失(loss)等一类词
suffer from 后常接疾病的名称或造成不幸、痛苦的事物的名称
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
完成句子
①Because Jim doesn't eat on time, he often suffers from stomachache.
因为吉姆不按时吃饭，他经常胃疼。
②Ms. King's legs were badly hurt and she suffered great pain .
金女士的双腿受了重伤，非常疼。
3．stressed out 焦虑不安；疲惫不堪
D 典型例句
And don't stress out about shifting back the time you go to sleep.
就算你的睡眠时间回调了也不要担心。
Driving in cities really stresses me (out)．
在城市里开车让我真的很紧张。
S 思维拓展
(1)stress n．压力；紧张 vt.强调；重读
the stress of sth.……的压力
under the stress of...在……压力下
lay/place stress on...把重点放在……
(2)stressed adj.焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的
(3)stressful adj.紧张的；压力大的
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①He stole some money under the stress of poverty.
②He laid special stress on analyzing the particularity of the contradiction.
③I think I've got one of the most stressful (stress) jobs there.
4.worn out筋疲力尽的；疲惫的； 穿破了的
D 典型例句
Can we sit down I'm worn out.
我们能坐下吗？我都累坏了。
I never expected the shoes to be worn out so soon.
我从来没想到鞋子这么快就穿破了。
S 思维拓展
wear sb. out使某人精疲力竭
wear off逐渐减弱；渐渐消失
wear away磨损； 磨掉； 消逝； 衰退
wear down磨损； 损耗； 使疲劳； 使厌烦
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①The shoes were worn (wear) out of shape.
②Before the race, he is fine. But afterwards he is worn out .
5．try out测试；试验；考验
D 典型例句
The method seems good but it needs to be tried out.
这个方法似乎不错，但需要试验一下。
He tried out for the football team.
他参加了足球队的选拔。
S 思维拓展
try out for sth.参加……选拔(或试演)
try sth. on试穿(衣物)
try for试图获得；力争赢得
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①We won't know how the plan works till we have tried it out .
②Try on the shoes to see if they fit.
③All the students in the class tried out for the basketball match.
重 点 句 型
1．How about reading more books instead
多读点书怎么样？
J 句式分析
句中How/What about...表示征询对方意见。
How about going out for a picnic
出去野餐怎么样？
How about having a walk after supper
晚饭后散散步怎么样？
S 思维拓展
How/What about...还可以表示：
(1)表示询问情况，意为“……怎么样；……如何？”
(2)表示建议，意为“……怎么样；……好吗？”
J 即学即练
完成句子
① How about showing that they are satisfied with the result
怎样表示他们对结果的满意呢？
② How about staying at Bart's overnight
在巴特家过夜怎么样？
2．After that I stopped buying all the sweets, biscuits, and sugary drinks that I used to have every day.
从那以后，我就不再买以前每天吃的糖果、饼干和喝的含糖饮料了。
J 句式分析
句中that引导定语从句修饰the sweets, biscuits和drinks，从句中used to do表示：“过去(常常)做……”。
He used to smoke.
他过去常常抽烟。
There used to be low and dirty houses.
那里曾是些又矮又脏的房舍。
S 思维拓展
used to的疑问句和否定句要使用助动词did，此时要用原形use，也可把used提前。
—Did he use to live in the countryside
他过去常住在乡下吗？
—Yes, he did./No, he didn't.
是的，他常住在乡下。/不，他不常住在乡下。
Y 易混辨析
容易混淆的三个used句型
used to do sth. 表示过去惯常的动作或常存在的状态，仅用于一般过去时，表示“过去(常常)做某事”
be used to (doing) sth. 表示“习惯于(做)某事”，to为介词，后接(动)名词/代词
be used to do sth. 为被动语态，表示“被用来做某事”
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①With the help of Li Hua, a good friend of mine, I've been used to living (live) in China.
②Medicines can be used to treat (treat) a mental illness but cannot solve the problem completely.
完成句子
③He used to (过去常常)watch TV, but now he gets/is used to (习惯于) taking a walk after supper.
④Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search for (经常被用来搜寻)survivors in an earthquake.
3．I got so absorbed that I played the games day and night.
我全神贯注，没日没夜地玩游戏。
J 句式分析
句中so...that...如此……以至于……；其中that引导的是结果状语从句。so...that...结构用法如下：
so
He spoke so quietly that I could hardly hear him.
他说话轻得我几乎听不见。
Bob is so tall a man that he can almost reach the ceiling.
鲍勃个子这么高，几乎够得着天花板。
S 思维拓展
such...that...结构：
such
She is such a clever girl that we all like her.
她是这么聪明的一个小女孩以致我们都喜欢她。
Q 巧学助记
名前such，形副so，
多多少少(many/much/few/little)也用so；
little一词特殊记，“小”用such，“少”用so。
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
②He told such a funny story that we all laughed.
完成句子
③Keeping a learning diary every day is so important that I would like to introduce it to you.
每天坚持写学习日记是多么重要，所以我想把这种学习方法介绍给你们。
④Dalian is such an attractive place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
→Dalian is so attractive a place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
大连是一个如此吸引人的地方以至于每年都有许多游客来观光旅游。
4．So I thought about what to try.
因此我考虑尝试去做些什么。
J 句式分析
该句为“疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。
We have not decided when and where to go on an outing.
我们尚未确定何时何地去郊游。
S 思维拓展
“疑问词＋不定式”用法的五个注意事项：
(1)在句中可作主语、宾语、表语；
(2)疑问词：who, what, when, where, how等；
(3)作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式；
(4)这种结构常用在动词(短语)tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, find out等后作宾语；
(5)动词不定式要用主动形式。
How to do it is a question.
该怎样做是一个问题。(作主语)
My question was how to get so many books.
我的问题是怎样得到这么多书。(作表语)
J 即学即练
完成句子
①He discovered how to open the safe .
他发现了打开保险柜的方法。
②I found out where to buy fruit cheaply .
我找到了买便宜水果的地方。
③ When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet.
何时举行会议还没有决定下来。
难 句 分 析
1．It is important to know whether what the speakers say is a fact or an opinion.
J 句式分析
N 牛刀小试
翻译： 知道说话者所说的是事实还是观点是很重要的。
2．Whenever I went out with friends, I brought snacks from home, things that didn't have any added sugar: fruit, nuts, dried meat, etc.
J 句式分析
N 牛刀小试
翻译： 每当我和朋友出去的时候，我都会从家里带一些零食，一些没有添加任何糖分的东西：水果、坚果、肉干等等。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Climbing so high made me feel dizzy (头晕目眩的)．
2．I went to my dentist (牙医) to have a tooth taken out.
3．The boy traded his skateboard (滑板) for a cricket bat.
4．We are looking for dynamic (充满活力的) persons to be salesmen.
5．Alcohol stimulates (刺激) the action of the heart.
6．If they have the virus (病毒), they are putting patients at risk.
7．Precious few homebuyers will notice any reduction in their monthly (每月的) repayments.
8．(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)The nature language enhances (提高) work performance.
9．He refreshed (使凉爽) himself with a cool shower.
10．The lecture completely absorbed (吸引) the attention of the audience.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Better wages have stimulated them to work (work)harder.
2．It made a refreshing (refresh) change to see a good old-fashioned movie.
3．Kevin was absorbed in the book when the teacher came in.
4．(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷改编)To everyone's surprise, he picked himself up immediately and went on running.
5．In early days only male athletes were allowed to take part in the Olympic Games.
6．The past few days had really worn him out .
7．The company tried out many new products before finding one that was successful.
8．How about the two of us taking (take) a walk down the garden
9．He has so few books to read that he has to borrow some books from the library.
10．I've worked with children before, so I know what to expect (expect) in my new job.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．每当他对自己的职业比较消极时，他就会向他的顾问征求一些建议。
Whenever he was negative about his career ，he would seek some advice from his consultant.
2．这篇论文展示了如何增强抵御感冒的能力。(how＋不定式)
The paper shows how to enhance the ability to resist colds.
3．他是我最能干的学生之一，但他太容易分心而无法约束自己。(too...to...)
He was one of my most able pupils, but far too easily distracted to discipline himself .
4．这次会议促使他更深入地研究这个问题，而不是依赖别人。(rather than)
The conference stimulated him to study the subject in more depth rather than rely on others .
5．他如此害怕以致于站在原地一动不动。(so...that...)
So frightened was he that he was rooted to the spot.Section Ⅳ 单元写作
关于健康的生活方式的书信
写作指导
书信属于应用文，包括自荐信、邀请信、投诉信、感谢信、介绍信、推荐信、求职信、祝贺信等。写给编辑的信属于书信的一种。书信内容要具体明确，必须将需要传达的信息表达清楚，以免对方产生误解。语言要有礼且谦虚。书信一般有以下几部分。
(1)信头：写信人的姓名、地址和日期要写在右上角；收信人的姓名和地址要写在左上角。有时此部分可省略；
(2)称呼：指对收信人的称呼。此文可用Dear editor；
(3)正文：信件的主要内容。首先提出问题，然后分析问题并作决定，接下来写出自己的具体行动，最后表明希望看到改变后的结果并礼貌地结束全文；
(4)信尾客套语：Sincerely/Truly yours, Yours sincerely/truly，Yours等。一般写在信的右下角或左下角；
(5)签名：一般写在客套语的下面。
常用表达
1．I have difficulty/trouble (in) doing.../with...
我做……有困难。
2．I made up my mind to.../(was) determined to/decided to...
我下定决心……
3．It dawned on me that...
我突然意识到……
4．I became aware of the harm caused by...
我开始意识到……所造成的危害。
5．It is necessary to get rid of...
有必要摆脱……
精品展示
假设你是李华。过去，由于一些不健康的生活习惯，你的健康出现了问题。之后，你改变了生活方式，现在又恢复了健康。请你根据你的经历给报社编辑写一封信，内容包括：
1．之前不健康的生活习惯：不吃早饭，经常熬夜，很少锻炼；
2．导致的问题：肥胖，易生病；
3．解决的办法：保持均衡饮食，积极锻炼，早睡早起；
4．给其他同学的建议：尽快改掉不健康的生活习惯，以保持身体健康。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
审题谋篇
第一步 明确要求
1．确定体裁：本次写作是一则书信，内容为健康问题；
2．确定人称：本文要用第 一 人称；
3．确定时态：时态以 一般过去时 为主。
第二步 谋篇布局
本文属于书信，可以从以下几个方面入手：
Para.1: 之前不健康的生活习惯及带来的问题；
Para.2: 解决的办法；
Para.3: 给其他同学的建议。
第三步 核心词汇
1． unhealthy living habits/unhealthy lifestyle 不健康的生活习惯
2． skip breakfast 不吃早餐
3． stay up late 熬夜
4． take physical exercise 锻炼
5． become aware of 意识到
6． keep fit/healthy 保持健康
7． get out of bad habits 摆脱坏习惯
8． stressed out 焦虑不安；疲惫不堪
9． suffer from 遭受……之苦；患……病
第四步 句式升级
1．我经常不吃早餐，熬夜，很少锻炼身体，为此我变得太胖，经常生病。(介词＋which引导非限制性定语从句)
I often skipped breakfast, stayed up late and took little physical exercise, for which I became too fat and often fell ill .
2．幸运的是，我意识到了不健康的生活习惯所带来的危害。(过去分词短语作定语)
Luckily, I became aware of the harm caused by unhealthy living habits .
3．两个月过去了，我康复了。(with复合结构)
With two months passing , I recovered.
4．很必要改掉不健康的生活习惯，因为健康比什么都重要。(不定式作主语、because引导原因状语从句)
It is necessary to get rid of their unhealthy living habits as soon as possible, because health is more valuable than anything else .
参考范文：
Dear Editor，
In the past, I formed some unhealthy living habits.For example, I often skipped breakfast, stayed up late and took little physical exercise, for which I became stressed out and often suffered from illness.
Luckily, I became aware of the harm caused by unhealthy living habits.I began to have a balanced diet.Then, I took exercise actively every day.Lastly, I developed the habit of going to bed early and getting up early.With two months passing, I recovered.
It is necessary to get rid of their unhealthy living habits as soon as possible, because health is more valuable than anything else.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
写作训练
假定你是李华，得知你的英国笔友Cindy经常不吃早餐，因胃病发作住院治疗。请根据下面的写作提示，用英语给她写一封邮件。内容包括：
1．陈述不吃早饭的危害；
2．劝她培养健康的生活方式。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Dear Cindy，
I'm worried to know you're in hospital because you have a stomachache resulting from your skipping breakfast. I'd like to offer you some advice.
As we all know, it's important to have a good breakfast that consists of grain, fruit and vegetables. However, you don't have the habit of having breakfast on time, which is harmful to your health. I think you should develop a healthy way of life from now on. It's wise to take enough physical exercise every day, which will help you stay energetic and free from disease.
I hope you will find my advice useful.
Yours，
Li Hua
话题佳句
1．You are what you eat.
人如其食。
2．Many students are addicted to snacks and sugary drinks while others are particular about food.
许多学生沉迷于零食和含糖饮料，而另一些学生则挑食。
3．Diet cures more than doctors.
自己饮食有节，胜过上门求医。
4．Live on a good diet, which should be composed of proper amounts of meat, eggs, vegetables and fruit.
以好的饮食为生，它应该包括适量的肉、鸡蛋、蔬菜和水果。
5．Never should we skip breakfast, which is of vital importance to us to stay dynamic.
我们永远不要不吃早餐，早餐对于我们保持精力充沛非常重要。
6．Soon I got addicted to computer games, which finally did great harm to my physical and mental health.
很快，我对电脑游戏上瘾了，这最终对我的身心健康造成了巨大的损害。
7．Just as the saying goes, the first wealth is health.
正如俗语所说，最大的财富是健康。
8．I recommend that you should do some jogging every day, which can help build up your body.
我推荐你每天慢跑，这可以帮助你强健身体。
9．Only if you eat a healthy diet and do some exercise every day can you lead a healthy life.
只有你有健康的饮食，并且每天做运动，你才能过上健康的生活。
10．Your physical and mental health relies on both a healthy diet and moderate exercise.
你的身心健康有赖于健康的饮食和适度的运动。单元整合提升
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．abuse n．& vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
①酗酒 alcohol abuse
②人身攻击 personal abuse
③滥用权力 abuse one's power
2．dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势→domination n．支配，统治；控制
①控制感情 dominate the passions
②主导局势 dominate the situation
③雅典的卫城高耸于雅典全城之上，这是一个壮观的景色。
The Acropolis dominates the city of Athens , which is a wonderful view.
3．reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬→ rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有意义的
①作为对……的奖赏 as a reward for
②为酬答……；作为奖励…… in reward for
③为某事而给某人报酬 give/offer a reward to sb. for sth.
④因某事而奖赏某人 reward sb.for sth.
⑤凡提供信息有助于寻回该画者将会获报酬。
Anyone providing information which leads to the recovery of the painting will be rewarded .
⑥Travelling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding (reward) experience.
4．negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的→ positive adj.积极的；肯定的
①有否定的态度 have a negative attitude
②对……消极的影响 have a negative effect on
③变得消极 become negative
④总的来说，做兼职的整个经历当然是利多于弊。
All in all, the whole experience from doing part-time jobs was definitely more positive than negative .
5．discipline n．自制力；纪律；学科 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚
①遵守纪律 keep/obey/observe discipline
②严格的校纪 strict school discipline
③当老师在新学期开始训练新生时，每个人表现出了完美的自制力。
When the teacher discipline the new students at the beginning of the new term, everyone shows perfect discipline .
6．compose vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写→ composer n．作曲者；作曲家→ composition n．成分；(音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品
①撰写信函、讲稿、诗歌 compose a letter/speech/poem
②由……组成(或构成)的 be composed of
③给……创作…… compose sth. for...
④莫扎特创作了很多非常优良的歌剧，这给他赢得了很大的声誉。
Mozart composed a large number of/many very fine operas, which earned him a great reputation.
⑤据说这支医疗救援队由两名专家和十一名医务工作者组成。
The medical rescue team is said to be composed of two experts and eleven medical workers.
7．disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼→ disturbed adj.烦恼的→ disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
①对……感到忧虑 be disturbed by/about/at...
②做某事感到不安 be disturbed to do sth.
③对……感到不安 be disturbed that...
④我真的不想打搅你，可我得告诉你一些重要的事情。
I hate to disturb you , but I have to tell you something important.
8．skip vt.跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳 n．蹦跳
①去跳绳 go skipping
②略过；遗漏 skip over
③欢跳 skip for joy
④跳读，浏览 skip through
⑤溜走，匆匆离开 skip off
⑥当他看见自己在那么高的地方时，心跳似乎都停了一下。
His heart seemed to have skipped a beat when he saw how high up he was.
9．specialist n．专家 adj.专业的
①……方面的一个专家 a specialist in sth.
②specialize v． 专门研究；专门从事；专攻
③我应该参考一些专业杂志来解决这个问题。
I should refer to some specialist magazines to deal with the problem.
10．stimulate vt.刺激；激发；促进→ stimulation n.刺激；激励；鼓舞
①刺激某人做某事 stimulate sb. to do sth.
②被……刺激 stimulated by
③激励某人做出新的努力 stimulate sb.into new efforts
④健康的刺激 healthy stimulation
⑤精神上起刺激作用 stimulate mentally
⑥这次在上海的新书展览促进了人们对她作品的兴趣。
The new book exhibition in Shanghai has stimulated people's interest in her work.
11．refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新
①使火再旺 refresh a fire
②使某人想起，唤起某人的回忆 refresh sb.'s memory
③可以提神；清醒头脑 refresh oneself
④赏心悦目，使人耳目一新 refresh to the eye
⑤更新时间 refresh time
⑥最后我们迷路了，因此我看着地图，想使自己回忆起那条去目的地的道路。
At last we got lost, so I looked at the map to refresh my memory of the road to the destination.
12．absorb v．吸引全部注意力；吸收
①集中注意力于 be absorbed in
②从……吸收…… absorb...from...
③吸引某人的注意力 absorb one's attention
④那个聪明的男孩把他的老师所能教他的知识全部吸收了。
The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge that his teachers could give him.
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．in response to回答；答复
①对……没作回应 make no response to...
②对……积极的反应 make a positive response to...
③销售部门根据我们的客户需求做出了调整。
The sale department made the changes in response to demands from our customers.
2．rely on依赖；依靠；信赖
①指望/依靠(做)某事 rely on (doing) sth.
②指望某人做某事 rely on sb. to do sth.
③指望……，相信…… rely on it that...
④你可以相信明天会下雨。
You can rely on it that it will rain tomorrow.
3．decide on决定；选定
①决定做某事 decide on doing sth.
②决定离开 decide on leaving
③决定到国外去 decide on going abroad
④决定目标 decide on a target
⑤如果答案是肯定的，那么我们必须商定合适的行动方案。
If the answer is“yes”， then we must decide on an appropriate course of action.
4．make up one's mind下定决心；决定
① 改变主意 change one's mind
②记住；牢记在心头 keep/bear/have... in mind
③直言不讳 speak one's mind
④看出某人的心思 read one's mind
⑤我们要下决心现在还为时过早。
It is early days yet to make up our minds .
5．stressed out焦虑不安；心力交瘁
①强调 stress on/lay stress on
②我的好朋友觉得她的口语考试压力很大，所以我提出一些建议去帮助她。
My close friend has been stressed out about her oral exam , so I offer my advice to help her.
6．worn out筋疲力尽的；疲惫的
①使某人精疲力竭 wear sb. out
②逐渐减弱，渐渐消失 wear off
③用完，耗尽 run out/run out of
④玩了一天的孩子们累坏了。
The children, all of whom had played the whole day long， were worn out .
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．状语从句的省略
① These bad habits， if left unchecked ，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，成年后可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。
句式仿写
② If asked ，I would say that I belong to the generation of hope.
如果被问到，我会说我属于希望的一代。
③ If invited to a wedding ，you will receive an invitation six to eight weeks before the event.
如果有人邀请你参加婚礼，你会在婚礼之前六到八个星期收到请帖。
2．rather than 连接并列谓语
①So, when we feel unhappy again (cue)， rather than eat snacks ，we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine)，which will make us feel relaxed(reward)．
所以，当我们再次感到不开心时(提示)，而不是吃零食，我们可以听一些我们最喜欢的音乐来代替(常规)，这会让我们感到放松(奖励)。
句式仿写
②Let's get it over with as soon as possible， rather than drag it out .
我们尽快把它完成吧，不要再拖了。
③ The children would walk there rather than take a bus .
孩子们宁可走着去也不愿乘公共汽车。
3．as引导非限制性定语从句
① As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote , “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”
正如中国哲学家老子所言：“千里之行，始于足下。”
句式仿写
② As we all know , Mr. Wang is a good teacher.
我们都知道，王先生是一位好老师。
③ As was expected , he made a long speech.
正如大家期待的，他做了长篇演说。
4．used to do sth.过去常常做某事
① After that I stopped buying all the sweets, biscuits, and sugary drinks that I used to have every day.
从那以后，我再也不买以前每天都吃的糖果、饼干和含糖饮料了。
句式仿写
②All I know is that she used to work in a bank.
我只知道她曾在银行工作过。
③ I am used to cleaning the room.
我习惯于打扫房间。
5．so...that... 如此……以至于……
① I got so absorbed that I played the games day and night.
我全神贯注，没日没夜地玩游戏。
句式仿写
②The girl is so beautiful that everybody likes her.
这个小女孩太漂亮了，每个人都喜欢她。
③There was so much food that we couldn't eat it all.
食物太多了，我们吃不完。
6．疑问词＋动词不定式
①So I thought about what to try .
因此我考虑尝试去做些事情。
句式仿写
②If you ever need any help, you know where to find me .
如果你需要帮助，你知道去哪里找我。
③I'll show you how to do it .
我要让你看看如何做这件事。
,时文阅读
远离人潮，年轻人青睐“逆向旅游”
(原文选自www.和global.chinadaily.)
语篇解读：为了躲避汹涌的人潮，“逆向旅游”逐渐在年轻人中兴起，一些非著名旅游小城慢慢走入他们的视野。出于对假期里知名景点“人挤人”的厌倦，不少年轻人开始尝试另一种选择，前往一些小众景点，寻求独特、轻松的度假体验。
Going against the tide of flocking to well-known tourist destinations on vacation, a growing number of holidaymakers in China tend to spend their leisure time at lesser-known resorts(旅游胜地)．Reverse tourism(逆向旅游) has appeared as a new trend among young holidaymakers in China.
According to data from an online travel agency, the number of rooms booked at hotels in less-traveled cities during the holiday was up 30 percent year-on-year.Bookings for four-star or five-star hotels in less-traveled places all increased at least 10-fold(十倍)．Some lesser-known scenic spots posted double-digit growth during the holiday.Baimaiquan Park in Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province, received 52,100 visits in the seven days, up 15.78 percent year-over-year.
Besides crowds, some vacationers chose less-traveled places to save on the cost of trips to popular destinations.In addition, lesser-known attractions are not as “commercial” as developed ones and are able to offer more actual experiences and natural encounters.Essentially speaking, total relaxation is becoming a real expectation for many people when they travel.Changes in demand may be the fundamental reason for the popularity of reverse tourism.COVID-19 is another key factor fueling reverse tourism.As precautionary measures continue, traveling has an unpredictable quality.Travelers have thus become more cautious and tend to choose local attractions or places with fewer tourists.
“The rise of reverse tourism is not a bad thing，” said Zhengzhou Daily.It means that vacationers now have more options, which brings more possibilities to the tourism market.More importantly, it noted, the trend is set to force popular destinations to improve themselves instead of resting on their past honor.
Jiang Han, a senior researcher, said that reverse tourism will become one of the future directions for the market.To give a real boost to the tourism market, Jiang suggested that more efforts be made to tap the potential of underrated, lesser-known destinations.It is necessary to dig deeper into the local customs and highlight the local characteristics to improve the quality of local tourism.
1．What are the statistics in Paragraph 2 mainly about D
A．The popularity of travel agency in China.
B．The contributions of tourism to the economy.
C．The high income of hotels during holidays.
D．The increasing trend of reverse tourism in China.
2．What may be the root cause of the rise of reverse tourism B
A．The impact of COVID-19.
B．Holidaymakers' changing needs for travel.
C．The lower cost of heading to less-traveled places.
D．The lack of innovative improvements in famous attractions.
3．What does Zhengzhou Daily think of reverse tourism？ B
A．It will drop with the recovery of economy.
B．It benefits both tourists and the tourism market.
C．It is helpful to spread local culture to tourists.
D．It blocks the development of some popular resorts.
4．What is Jiang Han's advice on developing the tourism market C
A．Upgrading the supporting facilities in tourist areas.
B．Improving the management rules of tourist attractions further.
C．Exploring the potential and features of lesser-known attractions.
D．Promoting the local characteristics of China through online media.
词汇积累
1．flock to 聚集到；涌入
2．tourist destinations 旅游胜地；旅游目的地；旅游景点
3．a growing number of 越来越多的
4．leisure time 休闲时间
5．travel agency 旅行社
6．scenic spots 旅游景点
7．essentially speaking 从本质上讲
8．fundamental reason 根本原因
9．precautionary measures 预防措施
10．tap the potential 挖掘潜力
