人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters Discovering useful Structures课件(共39张PPT)

(共39张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures
1 get injured
2 拒绝做某事
3 cut across
4 震惊
5 nothing but
6 挖出被困者
7 suffer from terrible injuries
8 向某人证明
9 go through similar changes
10 保持积极的心态
11 in the revival of
Important phrases (P50 ~ P51)
受伤
refuse to do sth
横切，打断
be in shock
只有，只不过
dig out the trapped
遭受重伤
prove to sb.
经历类似的变化
stay positive
在...的复苏中
She hangs out every day near by the beach 她每天躺在海滩边的吊床上.
Having a Heineken falling asleep 喝杯海涅肯啤酒便入睡
She looks so sexy when she's walking the sand 漫步在沙滩上的她看上去如此性感
Nobody ever put a ring on her hand 她也不接受任何人的戒指
Swim to the oceanshore fish in the sea海边游泳海边捕鱼
She is the story the story is she 她就是传说传说就是她
She sings to the moon and the stars in the sky 她向天上的月亮和星星唱歌
Shining from high above you shouldn't ask why 不要问他们为何在一闪一闪
She is the one that you never forget 见过她你便永远不能忘记
She is the heaven-sent angel you met 她就是你所见的天堂所派的天使呀
Oh, she must be the reason why God made a girl 噢,她就是上帝制造女孩的原因
She is so pretty all over the world 即使走遍全世界她也是如此的美丽
she
Let's enjoy a song
She puts the rhythm, the beat in the drum 她哼着小曲打着圆鼓
She comes in the morning and the evening she's gone清晨中她带来阳光，夜幕下她轻轻离去
Every little hour every second you live 你活着的每分每秒
Trust in eternity that's what she gives 都相信永恒因为都是她带来的
She looks like Marilyn, walks like Suzanne 她看上去像Marilyn,走路又像Suzanne
She talks like Monica and Marianne 她说话则像Monica 和Marianne
She wins in everything that she might do 只要她愿意她可以得到一切
And she will respect you forever just you 但她永远都尊重你只是因为是你
She is the one that you never forget 见过她你便永远不能忘记
She is the heaven-sent angel you met 她就是你所见的天堂所派的天使呀
Oh, she must be the reason why God made a girl 噢,她就是上帝制造女孩的原因
She is so pretty all over the world 即使走遍全世界她也是如此的美丽
She is so pretty all over the world 即使走遍全世界她也是如此的美丽
She is the one that you never forget
见过她你便永远不能忘记
She is the heaven-sent angel you met
她就是你所见的天堂所派的天使呀
Oh, she must be the reason why God made a girl
噢,她就是上帝制造女孩的原因
She wins in everything that she might do
只要她愿意她可以得到一切
The lyrics(歌词）are also beautiful. Let's appreciate some of them and try to find the common rules
定语从句
先行词
关系词
She is the one (that you never forget)
1. 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句(句意: ……的）作用相当于形容词
2. 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。
3. 引导定语从句的词叫“ 关系词 ”。
关系词又分为两派：
左边这路是关系代词，主要有这六个家伙
右边这路是关系副词，有这三个家伙
定语从句
先行词
关系词
定语从句
She is the one (that you never forget)
关系词的三个作用:
1. 引导定语从句。
2. 代替先行词。
3. 在定语从句中充当一个成分。
Find out the antecedent(先行词), relative pronoun(关系代词）and bracket(括出) the attributive clause（定语从句）
1. She is a girl who/that is always helping others.
She is a girl (who/that is always helping others.)
先行词指人，在从句中做主语，关系代词用who/that
2.The man(whom/that)you saw just now is our manager.
The man (whom/that you saw just now) is our manager.
先行词指人，在从句中做宾语，关系代词用whom/that或省略
3. Don't cut down the tree which/ that gives you shade(阴凉).
Don't cut down the tree (which/ that gives you shade(阴凉).)
先行词指物，在从句中做主语，关系代词用which/that
4.This is the book (which/that) I bought yesterday.
This is the book (which/that I bought yesterday.)
先行词指物，在从句中做宾语，关系代词用which/that或省略
5.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
Workers built shelters for survivors (whose homes had been destroyed.)
先行词指人，在从句中做定语，关系代词用whose
6.This is the book whose cover is blue.
This is the book (whose cover is blue.)
先行词指物，在从句中做定语，关系词用whose
主语 宾语 定语
指人
指物
先行词
在从句中充当成分
who/that
(whom/that)
whose
which/that
(which/that)
whose
如何确定关系代词？
Let's do a guessing game
Fill in the blanks using relative pronouns（关系代词) and try to guess what it is.
It is a musical program_________ can help ordinary music lovers achieve their dreams in Zhejiang TV.
which/that
It is a very popular novel __________J.K. Rowling created.
(which/that)
He is a famous Chinese writer __________ won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
who/that
He is the first black American _____________ the American people have elected (选举)as president (总统).
(whom/that)
It is a cell phone software(软件)_______ function (功能) is to chat with others and send messages, pictures and videos.
whose
1.我有一个喜欢古典音乐的朋友。
I have a friend __________ likes _______ _____.
2.昨天他穿着我给他买的外套。
Yesterday he ______the coat__________ I bought for him.
3.我在看一本不太难的书。
I'm reading a book__________ is not very _______.
4.腿伤了的那个人过去是个足球运动员。
The person_________hurt his leg _____ ____ be a football player.
who/that
classic
music
wore
(which/that)
which/that
difficult
who/that
used
to
Try to translate the following sentences using attributive clauses(定语从句)
翻译句子前，应确定:1.主句是什么？ 2.先行词是什么？(名词/代词) 3. 关系代词应使用哪个？
1.我认识文章发表了的那个学生。(publish 出版，发行）
2.杭州是我去年夏天去的地方。
3.我不能忘记我们一起度过的那些快乐的日子。
4.他看过教授谈到的那本书。（mention 提及）
Discuss in groups and try to translate these sentences using attributive clauses(定语从句),then write down on your paper
翻译句子前，应确定:1.主句是什么？ 2.先行词是什么？(名词/代词) 3. 关系代词应使用哪个？
1.我认识文章发表了的那个学生。
I know the student whose article has been published.
2.杭州是我去年夏天去的地方。
Hang Zhou is the place (which/that) I visited last year.
3.我不能忘记我们一起度过的那些快乐的日子。
I will never forget the happy days (which/that) we spent together
4.他看过教授谈到的那本书。
He read the book (which/that) the professor had mentioned.
Groupwork：
Each group chooses one student or a teacher in our class and describes him or her using the attributive clause.Each student in your group writes a sentence about this person.You can begin like this:
He is a boy who/ that/whose.....
She is a girl who/ that/whose.....
1.Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom, or"/"Then translate the sentences into Chinese.
1) Here are some of the people________homes were destroyed by the typhoon"
2) The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _______were asleep.
3) The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything___________they could find.
4 )Several days later, most of the buildings _____________had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.
Exercise (P52)
that/which
that或/
who/that
whose
5. The injured boy_______________mother was lost in
the disaster was taken to the hospital.
6 The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by ______________she was resuced.
7 Is this the young boy_____________saved several other students trapped under buildings.
Exercise
who或that
whom
whose
关系词的使用规则
1. 先行词为物，只能使用that不能使用which的情况：
(1)当先行词为不定代词：all, both, neither, none, either, any, everything, nothing, something, anything, much, many, few, a few, little, a little.
(2) 当先行词被all, both, some, no, every, any, each, much等修饰时;
(3) 当先行词被序数词、最高级修饰；
(4) 当先行词被the only, the very, the same修饰；
(5) 当先行词即有人又有物时。
例句
I have taken down everything that the teacher said.
I have taken down all that is important.
All the books that you bought are interesting.
This is the best book that I have read.
Shopping is the only thing that I want to do.
We often talk about the people and things that we remember.
不定代词
不定词修饰
最高级修饰
唯一修饰
人物同时
先行词为物，只能用which不能用that的情况
只能用which的情况：介词后面，逗号后面。
1、介词后面，指物的关系代词只能用which；
The house in which we live is far from school.
The painting for which he paid $1,000 was once owned by a businessman.
2、逗号后面，指物的关系代词只能用which。
I live in Kunming, which is the capital of Yunnan province.
The big red dog, which was very old now, became ill and died.
3.上下文出现that，避免重复使用which。
练一练
1. Do you have anything you want to say for yourself
2. The sports meeting was put off, astonished me.
3. All the presents your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.
4. This is the best film I've ever seen.
5. This is the very bus I'm waiting for.
6. It looks like the same book you bought in the bookstore.
7. He is always the first man comes to classroom.
that
that
that
that
that
who
which
8. The building in _______ she lived was demolished(拆除).
9. We depend on the land from________ we can get our food.
10. We depend on the land _______ we can get our food from.
11. She won the first prize, _______ was more than we expected.
12. The film ________ we saw last night was very interesting.
13. The film,________ was showed last night , was very moving.
14. His father passed away yesterday, ________ came as a sudden shock.
which
which
which
which
which
which/that
which/that
关系词的使用规则
2. 只能使用who不能使用that的情况：
(1)当先行词为人称代词：he, she, they, one(s), anyone, nobody等.
He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.
(2) 当先行词为指示代词时: those, these;
Those who are easily content are always happy.
God help those who help themselves.
(3) 当先行词为people或是表示人的集体名词时；
People who work hard are always fortunate.
(4) 非限制性定语从句中
He has a sister, who is a teacher.
练习
2. Do you know anyone can solve this problem
3. I admire those are honest, brave, diligent.
4. They are audience are invited to watch this play.
5. He is the best man I've ever known.
6. He is always the last one leaves the dormitory.
7. She is always the last one goes back to the dormitory.
最高级修饰指人、物的先行词，关系词用that/who都可以。
定语从句的谓语动词跟先行词保持一致。
who
who
that/who
who
who
who
关系词的使用规则
3. 关系代词的省略问题：
非限制性定语从句中一定要有关系代词，不可省略。关系代词做主语两种从句均不能省略。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词都可以省略，非限制性定语从句中不能省。
I like the book, which you give me. （非限制定从作宾语，不能省which）
I like the book (that/which) you give me. （限制定从作宾语，可省that/which）
4. 非限制性定语从句中，代人作主语只能用who, 作宾语用who(m)均可，但是whom更为正式，很少用于口语。代物只能用which作主语或宾语，不能用that，指的是某样东西，或者前面提到的一整件事。
I like teachers, who are humorous. （代人做主语，不能用that）
I like teachers, who(m) I can ask for help. （代人作宾语，who，whom均可）
I like this book, which you give me. （代物作宾语，指的是书）
He made mistakes again, which made the head teacher angry. (代物做主语，指的是一整件事)
关系词的使用规则
5. 如果先行词和从句的主语有所属关系要用whose，可用在限制性也可用在非限制性定语从句中。whose也可以放在介词后面：in whose car; from whose book。
I like the room whose window faces east. (房间的窗子)
I went to help him, whose money got lost. (他的钱)
I visited my uncle, in whose house I spent the summer vacation.
关系词的使用规则
6. 非限制性定语从句中，如果从句主语和先行词存在整体与部分关系时，我们要用（all, both, each, many, most, neither, none, part, some, 基数词，序数词，最高级）+of which/whom。
They are my students, three of whom are from Beijing.
I have ten books, all of which are interesting.
关系词的使用规则:特殊的引导词as
7. as引导限制性定语从句主要结构有：the same…as; as…as; such…as; so…as。
I have the same pen as you have.
I live as busy a life as you do.
I live such a busy life as you do.
8. as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾。译为“正如”。
As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history.
练习
We have found such materials used in their factory.
This book is not such I expected.
I have the same book he has.
It looks like the same book he gave me.
I hope you will live as full and positive a life I do.
you see, the Chinese people are hardworking.
as
as
as
that
as
As
such…as
such ...as
the same…as表同类
the same…that表同一个
as…as
做宾语：正如
as引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达：
as we all know
as is well known
as you see
As we expect
as often happens
as I can remember
众所周知
众所周知
如你所见
正如我们预料的那样
正如经常发生的那样
正如我所记得的
Let’s do
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