牛津译林版九年级上册Unit 8Natural disasters Grammar 课件(共45张PPT)

(共45张PPT)
Unit 8
Detective stories
Grammar
a happy boy　　
a boy who is happy
Task 1: 观察句子的区别
the long fence　
the fence which is long　
1. Lead in
Painting the fence is a hard task.
Tom finished the task which his mom gave him.
形容词作定语修饰task
句子作定语修饰task
2. Grammar Discovery
1
2
1.什么是定语？
1.什么是定语？
定语，简单来说就是一个形容词，它的作用就相当于形容词的作用，用来修饰名词或者代词。
美味的胡萝卜
delicious carrots
优秀的警察
excellent police
2.什么是
定语从句？
2.什么是定语从句？
定语从句，就是从句在主句中充当定语成分。
也就是从一个词变成了一个从句，同样起到形容词的作用，用来修饰名词或者代词的句子。
Those are oranges that I bought for kids.
定语从句，在句中作用相当于形容词，修饰其前面的名词oranges
先行词(名词或代词)
I like Hepburn. Hepburn is a great beauty, a great actress and a great humanitarian.
who/that
关系词
关系词就是用来代替先行词的。
(
)
句子作定语, 修饰Hepburn,
这个句子叫做定语从句。
Underline the defining clauses.
动词后的从句是宾语从句，名词或代词后面的从句是定语从句
3.定语从句的构成？
Tom Sawyer is a smart boy.
Tom Sawyer paints the fence.
Tom Sawyer is a smart boy who/that paints the fence.
Task 1 : 将下面两个句子组合成一句
Grammar Discovery
主句
从句
先行词
关系词
被修饰的名词叫先行词，引起定语从句的词叫引导词(关系词)
正在会上讲话的男人是一个工人。
The man ____________ _______________________________ is a worker.
The woman ___________ _________________________ is a teacher.
他们想去拜访的那个女人是一个老师。
is speaking at the meeting
who/that
they wanted to visit
who/that
who/that做定语从句的主语
who/that做定语从句的宾语
当先行词是人时，用关系代词 who/that 引导。
This is the fridge ______________ _____________
_____________.
he bought yesterday
这就是他昨天买的电冰箱。
which/that
位于我的学校旁边的那幢大楼是一家超市。
The building ______________ __________________________ is a supermarket.
stands near my school
which/that
当先行词是物时，用关系代词 which/that 引导。
which/that做定语从句的宾语
which/that做定语从句的主语
注意：主谓一致
Tom Sawyer is a smart boy who/that paints the fence.
找出定语从句、先行词、引导词(关系词)
Grammar Discovery
1
2
Tom thought of the games which/that he wanted to play.
先行词
关系代词
定语从句
规则一：关系代词的判断与用法:
如果先行词是指人，关系代词可用who/that
如果先行词是指物，关系代词可用which/that
Grammar Discovery
She is the girl ( __________gave a speech to the whole grade last month).
I study in the school (___________ is near the Baoan Stadium.
The book (_________________ I bought yesterday ) is useful.
The girl (______________________ he saved) is a student in our school.
who
/ that
which
/ that
which
/ that
/ 不填
who
/that
/ 不填
/whom
规则二：
如果先行词在从句中作宾语，引导词可以省略
girl在从句中做主语，who不可省略
school在从句中做主语，which不可省略
book在从句中做宾语，which可省略
girl在从句中做宾语，who可省略
确定关系代词引导的先行词在从句中的成分
先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语
人
物
who, that
which, that, 省略
which, that
who, that, 省略
指人 指物 主语 宾语
that
which
who
whom
√
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√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
作宾语时可以省略
关系代词
规则三：
当先行词是人，并在从句中作宾语，引导词还可以用whom
The book (_________________ I bought yesterday ) is useful.
The girl (______________________ he saved) is a student in our school.
which
/ that
who
/that
/ 不填
/whom
/ 不填
1.The boy _______ father teaches us is my good friend.
2. I want to buy the book_________ cover is red.
3. The girl _______hair is brown is clever.
whose
whose
whose
规则四：
当先行词与定语从句里的名词有所属关系,则用whose 引导定语从句
This is the boy ________ gave Tom a kite.
This is the kite __________ Billy Fisher gave Tom.
This is the boy _________ offered Tom two toy soldiers.
who / that
which / that / -
who / that
Task1:Here are some more pictures about the story on page 99. Describe the pictures by adding who, which or that.
Grammar exercises
1
2
3
These are the toy soldiers _________ Johnny Miller gave Tom.
This is the woman _________ looks after Tom.
This is the fence __________ Tom’s friends painted.
which / that / -
who / that
which / that / -
4
5
6
The concept of Relative clauses.
主句+先行词+引导词+从句
The judgement and the usages of relative pronouns.
规则一：关系代词的判断与用法:
如果先行词是指人，关系代词可用who/that
如果先行词是指物，关系代词可用which/that
规则二：如果先行词在从句中作宾语，引导词可以省略
规则三：当先行词是人，并在从句中作宾语，引导词还可以用whom
规则四：当先行词与定语从句里的名词有所属关系,则用whose 引导定语从句
6. Summary
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先行词指物时，只能用that而不用which的情况：
①当先行词是不定代词all, little, much, none, few, something, everything, anything, nothing等时。
如：As we all know, all that can be done should be done. 众所周知，所有能做的都应该被做。
②当先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last等修饰时。
如：This is the right book that I am looking for. 这正是我要找的书。
③当有序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。
如：This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
④当先行词既有人又有物时。
如：I have never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now. 我从没听说过你刚才说的人和事。
⑤当先行词有all, any, no等限定词时。
如：All the gifts that you received yesterday should be put away.
你昨天收到的所有礼物都应该储存好。
⑥当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
如：Who is the woman that is standing by the wall 站在墙边的那位女士是谁？
先行词指物时，只能用关系代词which的情况：
①关系代词放在介词之后，且此时which不可省略。
如：This is the place in which I grew up. 这就是我长大的地方。
②先行词为that时。
如：Do not do that which you don’t know about. 不要做你本来不了解的事情。
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which
which
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Simon: Edgar Allan Poe was the man __________ first wrote detective stories in English.
Millie: Japanese writers have written some great stories_____________ require readers to check every tiny detail for possible clues to the criminal cases.
埃德加·爱伦·坡
B1.
that/who
that/which
Daniel: Sherlock Holmes is a character ____________ was created by Arthur Conan Doyle as a master at solving crimes.
who/that
亚瑟·柯南·道尔
Suzy: Conan is a detective ____________ appears in a cartoon series popular among teenagers all over the world.
who/that
Kitty: Agatha Christie was a female writer ___________ is considered the queen of crime novels.
who/that
阿加莎·克里斯蒂
that/who was single
that/which was covered in blood
that/which will help solve the case
that/who might be the murderer of the young man
B2.
B3.
that/who killed the young man
that isn’t allowed by the law
that/which his boss had committed
that/who was seen running down the street
Thank you!