阅读理解保分练(八) 主旨大意题——标题归纳类
(A)
[2023·云南省高三检测]A fine arts museum in Belgium has returned a painting to the heirs (继承人) of a German Jewish couple who had their property (财产) stolen by the Nazi regime before World War Ⅱ.
Blumenstilleben (StillLifewithFlowers) painted in 1913 by German artist Lovis Corinth, was among dozens of artworks stolen by the Nazis from Gustav and Emma Mayer. The couple fled Frankfurt to Belgium in 1938, and later settled in the UK.
After the war, the painting of pink flowers in a blue vase was exhibited in Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium. The authorities at the time failed to establish the original owner.
In 2008, the museum asked the public to provide information about the painting, after which it was eventually contacted by a lawyer representing the grandchildren of the Mayers. The Belgian government promised to return the artwork to the couple's grandchildren last year. Museum workers finally took down the painting on Thursday and wheeled it off to deliver to the family.
“They are very happy. I'm sure it's a very emotional moment for them，” lawyer Imke Gielen said, as quoted by Ouest France.
Museum Director Michel Draguet said, “I think it's really important for the museum to show that we have ethics (道德) and that we are dealing with history.”
Last month, the French parliament approved the return of 15 paintings, including Gustav Klimt's Rosierssouslesarbres (RosebushesundertheTrees) and Marc Chagall's LePère, to the heirs of Jewish families who had their property looted (掠夺) by the Nazis.
1．How did the museum find the owners of the painting
A．By publicizing the search. B．By consulting history experts.
C．By checking relevant documents. D．By contacting local lawyers.
2．What did Michel Draguet think about returning the painting
A．It was pleasant. B．It was an emotional action.
C．It was unforgettable. D．It was a rightful action.
3．Which painting shows flowers in a vase, as mentioned in the text
A．Blumenstilleben. B．Rosierssouslesarbres.
C．LePère. D．LesNymphéas.
4．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Should Stolen Treasures Be Returned to Original Owners
B．Is It Legal to Keep German Nazi Property in Museums
C．The Museum Has Returned a Painting Looted by the Nazis Many Years Ago
D．In Search of Artworks Lost During World War Ⅱ
(B)
[2023·成都市高三检测]Forests have a crucial role in cooling Earth's surface by absorbing CO2 like a sponge (海绵). But only two thirds of their cooling power comes from their ability to suck in CO2 and store it, according to a study by Deborah Lawrence, an environmental scientist. The other one third comes from the biophysical effects—their ability to create clouds, dampen the air and release cooling chemicals.
“Trees in the forests provide shade, but they also dampen the air by pulling water from the ground and releasing it from their leaves, which helps to cool the surrounding area in a way similar to sweating，” Lawrence says.
This,__in turn, creates the right conditions for clouds, which, like snow and ice in the Arctic, can reflect sunlight higher into the atmosphere and further cool the surroundings. Trees also release organic compounds that react with other chemicals in the atmosphere to sometimes create a net cooling effect.
To quantify (量化) these effects，Lawrence and her colleagues compared how the various effects of forests around the world feed into the climate system, breaking down their contributions in ranges of ten degrees of latitude (纬度). The researchers found that the world's forests cool the surface of the planet by around 0.5℃ because of biophysical effects alone.
“Threats to rainforests are dangerous not only for the global climate, but for communities that are close to the forests，” Lawrence says. She and her colleagues found that the cooling caused by biophysical effects was especially significant locally. “Having a rainforest nearby can help to protect an area's agriculture and cities from heatwaves，” Lawrence says. “Every tenth of a degree matters in limiting extreme weather. And where you have forests, the extreme weather events are minimized.”
This study confirms that forests have other significant ways of affecting the climate system, giving us more reasons why deforestation is bad for the climate. It could enable scientists to improve their climate models, while helping governments to work out better conservation and climate strategies.
5．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The tree leaves in forests. B．The shade provided by trees.
C．The surrounding area in forests. D．The water circulation done by trees.
6．How did Lawrence quantify the biophysical effects of forests
A．By removing some other factors.
B．By comparing data of different times.
C．By studying the contributions separately.
D．By measuring the temperature in different places.
7．What is the significance of Lawrence's study
A．It develops a new climate model.
B．It matters in limiting extreme weather.
C．It highlights the dangers of deforestation.
D．It provides a scientific basis for conservation efforts.
8．What's the best title of the text
A．Forests: More Than a Carbon Sponge B．Forests: The Disappearing Green Lung
C．Forests: Major Players in Carbon Cycles D．Forests: Guardians of Local Communities
阅读理解保分练（八）
（A）
语篇类型：新闻报道 主题语境：人与社会——历史与文化——博物馆归还画作
【文章大意】 比利时皇家美术博物馆将二战前纳粹掠夺走的画作归还给了一对德国犹太夫妇的后人。
1．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the museum asked the public to provide information about the painting”可知，该博物馆向公众征集信息，从而确定画作的主人，故A项正确。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Michel Draguet所说的“I think it's really important for the museum to show that we have ethics （道德）”可知，Michel Draguet认为归还画作的行为是正确的，是遵循道德的，故D项正确。rightful “正确的；公正的；合法的”。
3．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Blumenstilleben （StillLifewithFlowers） painted in 1913 by German artist Lovis Corinth”和第三段中的“After the war, the painting of pink flowers in a blue vase was exhibited in Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium”以及语境可以推断，Blumenstilleben就是那幅关于装在花瓶里的花的画作，故A项正确。
4．答案与解析：C 标题归纳题。分析文章类型可知，本文是一则新闻报道。综合全文内容，尤其是第一段“A fine arts museum in Belgium has returned a painting...before World War Ⅱ”可知，本文主要讲述了比利时的一个美术博物馆将二战前纳粹从一对德国犹太夫妇那里掠夺走的画作归还给了其后人的故事，故C项适合作本文的标题。
（B）
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——自然生态——森林对周围环境的降温作用
【文章大意】 森林像海绵一样吸收二氧化碳，在冷却地球表面方面起着至关重要的作用，但一项研究表明它们的冷却能力只有三分之二来自吸收并储存二氧化碳的能力。另外三分之一来自生物物理效应——它们能够制造云层、使空气潮湿和释放冷却化学物质。
5．答案与解析：D 代词猜测题。根据第二段中的“they also dampen the air by pulling water from the ground and releasing it from their leaves, which helps to cool the surrounding area in a way similar to sweating”可知，它们也通过从地面吸水并从叶子中释放水分来使空气湿润，这有助于周围地区降温，类似于出汗。由此可知，This指代的是树木的水循环。故选D。
6．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“To quantify （量化） these effects, Lawrence and her colleagues compared how the various effects of forests around the world feed into the climate system, breaking down their contributions in ranges of ten degrees of latitude （纬度）”可知，Lawrence是通过单独研究森林的贡献来量化森林的生物物理效应的。故选C。
7．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“She and her colleagues found that the cooling caused by biophysical effects was especially significant locally”“Having a rainforest nearby can help to protect an area's agriculture and cities from heatwaves”及最后一段的内容可知，Lawrence的研究的意义在于它为保护工作提供了科学依据。故选D。
8．答案与解析：A 标题归纳题。根据Lawrence的研究可知，降温作用只是森林的其中一个作用。由此可知，A项“Forests: More Than a Carbon Sponge”（森林：不仅仅是一块碳海绵）最适合作本文标题。阅读理解保分练(二) 细节理解题——间接信息类
(A)
[2023·潍坊市高三模拟]My memories of my father are divided into parts. Alive, and then dead. Healthy, and then helpless. And further back in time, the first and most division: Present and then absent; loving, and then indifferent (漠不关心).
He used to be a good writer and a loving father. When I was a 16 year old girl, he was fired from his company, a public, gossip based dismissal that he would spend decades refusing responsibility for. This was the first crack that divided my relationship with him into poles of before and after. To escape his shame, he pushed away those who reminded him of it, first divorcing my mother, then alienating (使疏远) my sister and I.
As an adult, my relationship with my father was one of low expectations and high boundaries. He spent most of his time traveling. But when he died of heart failure in August, I was knocked off balance by the weight of the blow. I thought that after years of setting up delicate fences around our relationship, I had already begun letting go. His death delivered a realization: despite years of analyzing his complicated love for me, there were pieces of my father I never understood—until I found my father's notebooks in his cupboard.
In the notebooks, he often collected documentation: train tickets from Rome or a photograph of San Francisco's Prescott Hotel. But what he was also doing was offering fatherly guidance, the kind I could only receive after he died. His life, in which what he had was never quite enough, was eventually exposed. In his final decade, he realized he had built a castle for himself upon sand and regret. Now in his entries, I hear his voice. “Debaleh，” I hear him say, using his pet name for me, “learn from my mistakes.”
I read these pages among my dad's clothes, and wept. I hadn't known that my father, too, lived with that familiar ache for new horizons in his heart, the one that can only be comforted by traveling.
1．Why did the author's father keep away from his family
A．They weren't responsible members.
B．He didn't get on well with his wife.
C．Their presence recalled his sad experience.
D．They talked behind others' backs everywhere.
2．How did the author feel when hearing of her father's death
A．She was in tears. B．She was in panic.
C．She got lost in thought. D．She lost her inner peace.
3．What advice did the author's father give her
A．Writing a journal carefully. B．Traveling more for relaxation.
C．Avoiding following in his footsteps. D．Obeying his guidance thoroughly.
4．What made the author end up crying
A．Finding her father's clothes. B．Getting to know her late father.
C．Failing to look for new horizons. D．Knowing her father's heart disease.
(B)
[2023·沈阳市高三一模]Earth is far more alive than we previously thought, according to “deep life” studies that reveal a rich ecosystem beneath our feet that is almost twice the size of all the world's oceans. Despite extreme heat, no light and intense pressure, scientists estimate it has between 15 billion and 23 billion tonnes of microorganisms. “It's like finding a whole new reservoir (储藏) of life on Earth，” said Karen Lloyd, an associate professor at the University of Tennessee.
Results suggest 70 percent of Earth's bacteria and archaea exist in the subsurface. One organism found 2.5 kilometers below the surface has been buried for millions of years and may not rely at all on energy from the sun. Also, the methanogen (产甲烷菌) has found a way to create methane in this environment, which it may not use to reproduce or divide, but use to replace or repair broken parts. Lengths of their lives are completely different. Some microorganisms have been alive for thousands of years, barely moving except shifts in earthquakes or eruptions. They're just active inside, with less energy than people thought possible to support life.
The team consists of 1，200 scientists from 52 countries in disciplines ranging from geology and microbiology to chemistry and physics. A year before the conclusion of their study, they will preset the findings before the American Geophysical Union's annual meeting opens this week, which they say are made possible by technical advances on drills and microscopes.
The scientists have been wondering about the point beyond which life cannot exist, but the deeper they dig, the more life they find. There is a temperature maximum—currently 122 ℃， but they believe this record will be broken if they keep exploring and developing more advanced instruments.
Questions remain, including how the microbes interact with chemical processes and what this might reveal about how life and Earth coevolved.
5．What do the scientists find about the underground organisms
A．They can't reproduce and divide. B．They're the oldest living things.
C．Some of them consume no energy. D．Some of them almost always keep still.
6．What can we learn about the research from Paragraph 3
A．It lasts for around one year.
B．It involves efforts from multiple fields.
C．It promotes technical development.
D．It is conducted in 52 countries.
7．Why do the scientists drill deep
A．To break their previous record.
B．To find the depth limit of life.
C．To discover more ancient microorganisms.
D．To detect the highest subsurface temperature.
8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Earth's Depths Are Full of Life
B．Organisms Live Better Underground
C．Earth Is Far Beyond Human Exploration
D．Subsurface Life Differs from That on Land
阅读理解保分练(二)
(A)
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——个人生活——父亲的“爱”
【文章大意】 儿时，父亲因为被公司开除，时不时在作者的生活中消失，直到最后病逝。作者一直误解自己的父亲，直到看到父亲的笔记本，才慢慢了解父亲，但为时已晚。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“To escape his shame...then alienating (使疏远) my sister and I”可知，作者的父亲为了逃避他的耻辱，他推开了那些提醒他这一点的人，如作者的妈妈、作者的妹妹和作者。由此可知，作者的父亲认为看到他的家人就会想起自己被公司开除的令人伤心的经历。故选C项。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段的第三句“But when he died of...the weight of the blow”可知，当作者听到父亲去世的消息时，被这一打击弄得失去了平衡，内心开始不平静了。故选D项。
3．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段作者从父亲的笔记本中听到的“learn from my mistakes”可知，作者的父亲让作者从自己的错误中吸取教训，不要步他的后尘。故选C项。
4．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，作者从笔记本中了解到父亲也怀着那种熟悉的疼痛，渴望拥有新的阅历，这种疼痛只有通过旅行才能得到安慰。故可推断是慢慢了解已故的父亲让作者哭了。故选B项。
(B)
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——研究发现——地球深处的生命
【文章大意】 一支由来自52个国家多个领域内的科学家组成的团队在距地球表面2.5公里的深处发现了大量微生物，该发现证明了地球深处蕴藏着丰富的生命。
5．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Some microorganisms have...in earthquakes or eruptions”可知，一些微生物已经存活数千年，很少移动，除非地震和火山爆发。由此可知，科学家发现一些地下微生物总是保持静止状态。故选D项。
6．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段首句“The team consists...chemistry and physics”可知，这支科学队由来自52个国家的1 200名科学家组成，这些科学家来自地理、微生物学、化学和物理等多个领域。故选B项。
7.答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第四段首句“The scientists have...more life they find”可知，科学家们一直想知道生命不能存在的深度极限，但他们挖得越深发现的生命越多。由此可知，科学家们往深处钻孔的目的是找到生命存在的深度极限。故选B项。
8．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“a rich ecosystem beneath our feet”和“scientists estimate it...tonnes of microorganisms”以及第四段中的“but the deeper...they find”可知，地球深处是一个丰富的生态系统，有数百亿吨微生物。科学家们越往深处钻孔发现的生命越多。由此可推知，本文主要介绍了地球深处蕴藏了许多的生命。故选A项。阅读理解保分练(六) 词句猜测题——代词、句意猜测类
(A)
[2023·贵阳市高三测试]Many people think that you need to travel great distances and go on expensive trips to create beautiful photos. If you consider macro photography, which is capturing tiny details, an entirely new world may open for you right in your own backyard. This is what I decided to do to challenge myself recently! I chose a relatively small area in my neighborhood to revisit over a couple of days, but the only rule I gave myself was not to photograph anything above the knees.
Using a 50 mm macro lens (微距镜头) on a traditional DSLR camera, I walk around looking for different opportunities. I also often use two extension tubes，which help me get ever closer to my subject matter and increase the magnification (放大率). In the evening light, the high contrast helps you see small things like jumping grasshoppers or other insects flying around，but during the day it can be more challenging. To find good subject matter，I like to crawl around and look at the world from a lizard or snake's point of view. It adds significantly more drama, improves the image. It also has the power to transform a beautiful subject into a beautiful piece of art.
I really also pay attention to the background elements, not just the subject matter, especially with wildflowers. How in focus the background is，or how out of focus it is, can change an image.I like to shoot with a fully blurred (模糊不清的) background, which is called bokeh, though sometimes increasing depth of field and not having total blurriness can be beneficial to the composition, too.
You also don't need a special camera set up to do this. Using a smartphone，you can easily use tools like portrait mode, to help blur the background. Some apps also allow for a greater level of control with depth of field and close up photography. It's less about the camera you use, and more about how you use it!
1．What makes a splendid composition
A．Taking an expensive trip. B．Capturing the details of life.
C．Shooting anything above the knees. D．Looking at a beautiful subject.
2．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．A traditional DSLR camera. B．The ways of macro shooting.
C．Shooting down at subjects. D．Insects flying around.
3．What does “this” refer to in the last paragraph
A．Background. B．Portrait.
C．Bokeh. D．Camera.
4．What would be the best title for this passage
A．My Neighborhood B．The Backyard
C．Crouching down Yourself D．Macro Photography
(B)
[2023·济南市高三质检]When people hear “Artificial Intelligence (AI)”， many think of big data. The reason is that some of the most significant AI breakthroughs have relied on enormous data sets. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in small data approaches in the past decade has grown extensively, with Transfer Learning (TL) (迁移学习) as an especially promising example, which is helpful in settings where you have few data on the task of interest but sufficient data on a related problem.
Small data approaches like TL offer numerous advantages over more data intensive methods. By the use of AI with fewer data, they can facilitate progress in areas where few or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely. More importantly, TL is of great help in terms of generalization. A challenge in the use of AI is that models need to generalize beyond their training data—that is, to give good “answers” to a more general set of “questions” than what they were specifically trained for. TL models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another, so they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task, even if only limited data are available.
AI experts such as Andrew Ng have stated that the approach will be the next driver of getting machine learning success in industry. There are some early signs of successful adoption and it has been applied to cancer discovery and much more.
Despite the increase in research, TL__has__received__relatively__little__visibility. While many machine learning experts and data scientists are familiar with it, techniques such as TL do not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policymakers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption.
By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like TL and supporting their widespread use, we can help overcome some widespread misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and promote innovation in new directions.
5．What does the author think of TL
A．It is a potential technique. B．It is of help in large data sets.
C．It is an important AI breakthrough. D．It is a reliable solution to multitasking.
6．In which aspect does TL show its advantages
A．Acquiring knowledge. B．Discovering questions.
C．Collecting training data. D．Improving generalization.
7．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．TL has little value. B．TL is a heated topic.
C．TL draws public attention. D．TL is not well recognized.
8．What's the purpose of this text
A．To clarify some misconceptions. B．To introduce a small data approach.
C．To predict the promising future of AI. D．To emphasize the significance of data.
阅读理解保分练（六）
（A）
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自然——拍摄美景——微距摄影
【文章大意】 为了拍摄美丽的照片，作者选择重新游览家附近的区域，采用微距方式拍摄生活中的微小细节。作者告诉我们，要拍摄美景，不在于使用什么相机，而在于如何使用相机。
1．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。题干问的是什么构成美丽的作品。根据第一段中的“If you consider macro photography, which is capturing tiny details, an entirely new world may open for you right in your own backyard. This is what I decided to do to challenge myself recently！”可知，捕捉微小的细节，一个全新的世界就在你面前打开，这正是作者挑战自己要做的事情。由此可知，捕捉生活中的细节可构成一幅美丽的作品。故B项正确。
2．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第二段的描述可知，作者使用50毫米的微距镜头寻找不同的拍摄机会，还使用两个伸缩管增大放大率，接近拍摄主题，下文分别介绍晚上拍摄和白天拍摄情况。由此可推知，第二段主要讲述微距拍摄的方法。故B项正确。
3．答案与解析：C 代词猜测题。根据第三段尾句可知，作者喜欢用完全模糊的背景来拍摄。由此可知，文中的“你没有必要使用特殊的相机来做到这一点”就是指“用完全模糊的背景拍摄”，而这种做法又被称为bokeh，故此处的this就是指bokeh。故C项正确。
4．答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。第一段讲述为了拍摄美丽的图片，作者采用微距拍摄，捕捉生活中的细节；第二段讲述微距拍摄的方法；第三段讲述作者使用微距拍摄的喜好；第四段讲述作者建议使用普通相机也可拍到美丽的图片。由此可知，本文可用“微距摄影”作标题。A项“我的街区”，B项“后院”，C项“蹲下来”，都不能概括全文。故D项正确。
（B）
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——科学技术——人工智能迁移学习
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了迁移学习的功能、用途、发展现状和前景。
5．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“an especially promising example, which is helpful in settings”可以推断，作者认为TL是一项很有前景的技术，可以用于很多领域，故A项正确。
6．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TL is of great help in terms of generalization”和“they are very...the new task”可知，TL的优势之一是可以提升概括能力，故D项正确。
7．答案与解析：D 句意猜测题。根据画线部分后一句中的“techniques such as...and business leaders”可知，TL似乎并没有得到政策制定者和商业领袖的青睐。据此可以推断，画线部分的意思应该与D项“TL未得到足够的认可”最为接近。
8．答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。本文第一段引出话题“TL是一项很有发展前景的小数据技术”，第二段介绍了TL的优点，第三段引用专家Andrew Ng的话证明TL很有用处，第四段讲述了TL的发展现状不甚理想，最后一段讲述了TL的发展潜力。综上可知，本文主要介绍了TL——一项小数据处理技术，故B项正确。阅读理解保分练(七) 主旨大意题——文章大意、段落大意类
(A)
[2023·全国乙卷，D]If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between literate and non literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non literate societies such as these, all our first hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation,__we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．How past events should be presented. B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words. D．Why written language is reliable.
2．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A．His report was scientific. B．He represented the local people.
C．He ruled over Botany Bay. D．His record was one sided.
3．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Problem. B．History.
C．Voice. D．Society.
4．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A．HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld B．AShortHistoryofAustralia
C．AHistoryoftheWorldin 100 Objects D．HowArtWorksTellStories
(B)
[2023·沈阳市高三质检]Loneliness is significant mental health concern and can raise the risk of death by 45% and contact with nature in cities significantly reduces feelings of loneliness, according to a team of scientists.
The study is the first to assess how the environment can affect loneliness. It used real time data, collected via a smartphone app, rather than relying on people's memory of how they were feeling.
The research found that feelings of overcrowding increased loneliness by an average of 30%. But when people were able to see trees or hear birds, feelings of loneliness fell by 28%. Feelings of social inclusion also cut loneliness by 21% and when these feelings coincided (同时发生) with contact with nature, the beneficial effect was boosted by a further 18%.
The findings pointed to interventions to reduce loneliness. The researchers said, “Specific measures that increase social inclusion and contact with nature should be taken, especially in thickly populated cities.” Time spent in nature is known to boost well being, with woodland walks estimated to save the UK at least ￡185 million a year in mental health costs, for example.
The research collected data from urban citizens across the world using the Urban Mind research app. More than 750 people provided 16, 600 of these assessments. The participants were self selecting so it did not provide a representative sample of the wider populations. But when the researchers took age, education, and occupations into account, the benefits of nature contact and feelings of social inclusion on loneliness remained strongly statistically significant. Johanna Gibbons, part of the research team, said, “Cities are probably the only habitat that is increasing at a high rate. So we should be creating urban habitats where people can thrive (兴旺发达).”
5．How was the research conducted
A．By relying on people's memory.
B．By surveying 750 urban participants.
C．By collecting data through a smartphone app.
D．By checking a worldwide representative sample.
6．What can we learn from Paragraph 4
A．Many big cities take the lead in the research.
B．Time spent indoors improves people's well being.
C．Woodland walks greatly reduce social contact with people.
D．Interventions to reduce loneliness benefit the UK financially.
7．What can be inferred about the research
A．It offers a wide range of samples globally.
B．The findings are statistically remarkable.
C．The carefully selected participants are reliable.
D．Three other factors are considered except education.
8．What's the text mainly about
A．The mental problems of living in big cities.
B．Developing urban habitats at high speed.
C．Research on how to get rid of loneliness in nature.
D．Reducing loneliness in cities via contact with nature.
阅读理解保分练（七）
（A）
语篇类型：议论文 主题语境：人与社会——历史叙事——讨论书面文本及无文字社会的重要性
【文章大意】 本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
1．答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate （有文字的） societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. （如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文学记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。）”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
2．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. （理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。）”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield （盾） dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. （从英国方面来看，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。）”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。
3．答案与解析：B 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact （联系） between literate and non literate societies such as these, all our first hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. （加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个话语权。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。）”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. （如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。）”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读物品。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。
4．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.（如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。）”结合最后一段的“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. （如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。）”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
（B）
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——自然与健康——在城市中接触大自然可以在很大程度上减少人们的孤独感
5．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段的“It used real time data...they were feeling”可知，这项研究使用的是通过手机应用软件搜集到的实时数据。故选C项。
6．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，研究结果指向了对减少孤独感的干预。据估计，林地散步每年至少可以为英国节省1.85亿英镑的心理健康成本。由此可知，英国对减少孤独感的干预让其在金融方面获益。故选D项。
7．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But when the researchers...strongly statistically significant”可知，当研究人员将年龄、教育和职业考虑在内时，接触大自然和社会包容感对（减少）孤独感的好处在统计学上依然非常显著。由此可推知，这项调研结果从统计学上来说是显著的。故选B项。
8．答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。浏览全文可知，本文主要讲述了一项研究结果，该研究表明城市里的人们接触大自然可以在很大程度上减少他们的孤独感。故选D项。阅读理解保分练(三) 推理判断题——隐含推断类、观点态度类
(A)
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，B]When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self repair.”
1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor.
2．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco machine.
3．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John's research plans. B．To show an application of John's idea.
C．To compare John's different jobs. D．To erase doubts about John's invention.
4．What is the basis for John's work
A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse. D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
(B)
[2023·太原市高三模拟]If it weren't for passionate people, this would be a dull world indeed.
Peter Cavanagh of Lopez Island certainly qualifies in the passionate category, having taken 600，000 pictures of birds all over the world in the past 13 years. Cavanagh is a retired professor in the University of Washington. He minored in math and is an instrument rated pilot. His pictures mostly capture birds in flight, not on a perch (栖息处).
“I have a sense of wonder at flight because it is the most highly complex form of movement in the entire animal kingdom，” says Cavanagh. “Humans have spent more than six centuries trying to imitate bird flight but still have not produced flying machines with all of the complexity, flexibility and performance that are commonplace for birds.” For birds, the math of it all just happens. A small bird such as the American kestrel, the smallest falcon (猎鹰) in our region at about 4 ounces, is very good at hovering (盘旋).
Meanwhile, to achieve flight, a 90 ton commercial jet is filled with electronics and computer systems. “Birds have flying abilities we have not come close to matching in airplanes，” says Cavanagh. The Royal Aeronautical Society in London, in a January 2021 posting, told how researchers did computer design of a Boeing 777 wing based on a bird's wings. It was 5% lighter, which matters in fuel costs. In 2019, Airbus produced a “Bird of Prey” design that mimicked the eagle's wing and tail structure for flight control.
Cavanagh enjoys every minute of waiting, and waiting, and waiting, starting at sunrise to capture those images. “I am happiest in truly wild places where humans are tolerated guests and they are the world of wild animals.”
5．What is Peter Cavanagh's passion
A．Math education. B．Bird photography.
C．Airplane engineering. D．Wilderness exploration.
6．Why does the author mention the American kestrel
A．To compare the sizes and weights of the birds.
B．To show the importance of math in biomechanics.
C．To prove the unmatched flying abilities of birds.
D．To stress the diversity of native American species.
7．What does the underlined word “mimicked” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Imitated. B．Abandoned.
C．Outperformed. D．Discovered.
8．Which word best describes Peter Cavanagh's attitude to nature according to the last paragraph
A．Skeptical. B．Respectful.
C．Objective. D．Indifferent.
阅读理解保分练（三）
（A）
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自然——环境保护——生态机器人净化污水
【文章大意】 文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用大自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. （当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始想知道这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的垃圾）”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria （细菌）？ Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing chemicals （在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？）”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. （几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去）”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. （他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就完全被消化了，只剩下纯净水）”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
3．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage （污水） from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. （这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1 600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水）”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
4．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self repair. （你把微生物放在新的关系中，并观察要发生的事情。然后让这些新系统形成它们自己的自我修复的方式）”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
（B）
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——人与动物——抓拍鸟的飞行
【文章大意】 辅修数学的退休大学教授Cavanagh热爱大自然，酷爱抓拍鸟的飞行，他对鸟儿的飞行运动背后的数学原理有一定的研究。
5．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段首、尾两句可知，Cavanagh热衷于抓拍飞行中的鸟。故B项正确。
6．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第三段的“‘Humans have spent more than six centuries...commonplace for birds.’ For birds, the math of it all just happens”可知，人类已经花了六个多世纪的时间试图模仿鸟类飞行，但仍然没有制造出具有鸟类飞行时的复杂性、灵活性和性能的飞行机器，而对鸟类来说，对飞行的计算自然而然就发生了。接着作者以美国红隼为例，说明它十分擅长在空中盘旋。由此可推知，作者提及美国红隼是为了证明鸟类无法比拟的飞行能力。故C项正确。
7．答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Humans have spent more than six centuries trying to imitate bird flight”再结合画线词所在句可推知，空中客车公司“模仿”鹰的翅膀和尾巴结构设计了“Bird of Prey”。故A项正确。
8．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I am happiest in truly wild places where humans are tolerated guests and they are the world of wild animals”再结合选项可推知，Peter Cavanagh对待自然的态度是尊敬的。故B项正确。阅读理解保分练(四) 推理判断题——写作意图类、文章出处类
(A)
[2023·郑州市高三质检]Praised as “Edgar Snow in the New Era”， British journalist Andrew Moody devoted himself to accurately reporting on China for over a decade. Born in Nottinghamshire in September, 1960, Moody's interest in journalism began at age 15. What came next was a storied career that would last 4 decades. A visit to Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, in 1997 turned his attention to China. During that visit, he was surprised by the great changes that had taken place in China. Moody began working for ChinaDaily in 2008. In his 13 years at the paper, he published more than 1 million words in the newspaper group's different publications.
“These stories aim to explain the strategies (策略) and aims of the Chinese government to a wider audience, and also look at the challenges and difficulties it faces，” Moody wrote. “I also attach importance to issues which go largely ignored in the mainstream Western media, which often fail to provide a full or true image (形象) of China.”
To better cover China, Moody read a lot. In his Beijing apartment, there were more than 160 books about the nation. Su Qiang, a ChinaDaily editor who worked with Moody for 8 years, said, “He read all the books that top experts had written about China, and he closely followed how the world viewed China.” Moody also learned to speak putonghua, traveled to most provinces and autonomous regions throughout China and exposed himself to the Chinese way of life.
“China is moving into a new era in which it is much more confident about its position and status in the world. I have a definite sense of history in the making，” said Moody. He hoped that he could be one of the witnesses and reporters of this historic time.
“So even when he was suffering from a serious disease, Moody still soldiered on. All he cared about was whether he could keep on working，” said Wang Liping, Moody's attending doctor.
When he passed away in June, 2021, many people were sad. “His death will be a huge loss to those who are working hard on the dialogue between China and the outside world，” said Kerry Brown, a professor of Chinese Studies at King's College London.
1．What can be known about Andrew Moody
A．He moved to China to work in 1997.
B．He reported on China for four decades.
C．He considered Edgar Snow to be his role model.
D．He began to show interest in journalism as a teenager.
2．What did Moody do when he was working for ChinaDaily
A．He drew a wider audience to the newspaper.
B．He reported on the typical Chinese way of life.
C．He accurately introduced China to more people.
D．He communicated with the mainstream Western media.
3．What did Moody's attending doctor think of him
A．Fearless. B．Devoted. C．Optimistic. D．Ambitious.
4．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage
A．To praise an honorable foreign journalist.
B．To describe Moody's colorful life in China.
C．To correct Western media's impression of China.
D．To show an accurate image of China to the outside world.
(B)
[2023·石家庄市高三质检]At just 19 years old, Aki a Peters teaches at a college. He specializes in a language that is thousands of years old, the Dakota language, spoken by the Dakota people.
“The Dakota language is ‘the most important aspect’ of Dakota culture. Without it, our Dakota culture would no longer exist，” Peters claimed. “I was lucky to grow up around many first language Dakota speakers. But now the elderly continually passed away and at the end of their lives, they just wanted to know their families would continue to have the language. One of the problems our people have is finding ways to get at length and consistent exposure to the language.”
Aside from giving instruction at the college level, Peters uses social media to share videos that integrate humor, culture, and basic level conversation to help teach Dakota. In his free time, he visits Dakota elders. He also started an online group of the youth to converse and share the knowledge of the language in a safe and supportive space.
Aki a Peters wants to tell the youth that if they want to learn their own language, sit with their elders and learn from them. Endless vocabulary sheets could discourage them from learning. Standards created by non speakers could also do that. “Within the next decade, I assume, I, my colleagues, and other Dakota learning relatives will have children and start a new generation of Dakota. I also hope my brothers and sisters will take the path we laid out for them and continue to learn and speak Dakota. On my reservation there are numerous young people working on the comeback of the language. I'm hopeful because I'm definitely not alone，” Aki a Peters told TeenVogue.
5．Why does Aki a Peters teach the Dakota language
A．To enrich his experience. B．To record its written form.
C．To prevent it dying out. D．To make it known globally.
6．What can we say about Aki a Peters according to Paragraph 3
A．Learned. B．Creative.
C．Approachable. D．Cooperative.
7．What does Aki a Peters expect the young people to do
A．Deal with vocabulary sheets. B．Sustain the given standards.
C．Communicate with their elders. D．Learn from their teachers.
8．Which section of a website is the text probably taken from
A．Research. B．Business.
C．Fashion. D．Culture.
阅读理解保分练（四）
（A）
语篇类型：新闻报道 主题语境：人与社会——杰出人物——新时期的“Edgar Snow”
【文章大意】 本文报道了已故的《中国日报》的英国籍记者、被称作“新时期的Edgar Snow”的Andrew Moody的事迹。Moody准确地向世界展现了新时期的中国。
1．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Moody's interest in journalism began at age 15”可知，Moody从青少年时期起就对新闻工作产生了兴趣，故D项正确。
2．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Andrew Moody devoted...for over a decade”可以看出，Moody十多年来都准确地报道中国故事，故C项正确。
3．答案与解析：B 观点态度题。根据第五段中的“Moody still soldiered on...keep on working”可知，Moody的主治医生认为他是一个对工作非常投入的人，故B项正确。
4．答案与解析：A 写作意图题。结合文章大意可知，本文主要报道了已故的《中国日报》的英国籍记者Andrew Moody和中国的不解之缘，他在中国工作期间通过坚持阅读、游览和采访向世界准确地介绍新时期的中国，即使是在生病期间，也关心是否可以继续工作。由此可知，本文旨在歌颂一位值得尊重的外国记者，故A项正确。
（B）
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会——语言与文化——保护和传播Dokota语言
【文章大意】 19岁的Aki a Peters通过自己的工作并在业余时间借助社交媒体等方式教授和传播Dakota语言和文化。
5．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段中Aki a Peters所说的话可以推断出，Aki a Peters选择教授Dakota语言是为了防止这一语言消失，为了让他们的文化得以延续，故C项正确。
6．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Peters uses social media...to help teach Dakota”可知，Aki a Peters借助社交媒体分享能够将幽默、文化和简单对话融合在一起的视频来教授Dakota语言，由此可见，他是一个有创造力的人，故B项正确。learned“博学的，学术性的”；approachable“和蔼可亲的，易理解的”。
7．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“if they want to...learn from them”可知，Aki a Peters建议想要学习语言的年轻人多和他们的长辈交流学习，故C项正确。
8．答案与解析：D 文章出处题。根据文章大意可知，本文主要讲述了19岁的Aki a Peters教授和传播Dakota语言和文化的故事。由此可以推断，这样的文章应该出自文化专栏，故D项正确。阅读理解保分练(五) 词句猜测题——词义猜测类
(A)
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，C]The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
1．What is the book aimed at
A．Teaching critical thinking skills. B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Solving philosophical problems. D．Promoting the use of a digital device.
2．What does the underlined word “declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear up. B．Add on.
C．Check in. D．Take over.
3．What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A.Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses.
4．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A．Use them as needed. B．Recommend them to friends.
C．Evaluate their effects. D．Identify the ideas behind them.
(B)
[2023·石家庄市高三质检]Ice coated vines (葡萄藤) stretched across hillsides around Chablis, France, as the region had a temperature of －5 ℃ on Monday. Fruit growers are worried that the frost will kill off large numbers of early buds (花蕾) and disturb the whole growing season.
The frost is particularly disturbing after a similar phenomenon hit French vineyards last year, leading to some 2 billion euros in losses. Scientists later found that the damaging 2021 frost was more likely made by climate change.
Some growers tried to warm the vines with electrical lines, or set up special watering systems, or spray (喷洒) the buds with water to protect them from frost. The water creates a thin layer of ice that ensures the buds' temperature remains around freezing point but does not drop much lower.
Daniel Etienne Defaix, whose vineyard has been producing wine for 400 years and lived through many climate disasters, calls what's happening now “a very, very serious frost”. He placed candles on the soil to protect about five hectares of his most valuable grapes, but had to leave the remaining 25 hectares to face the force of nature. At a cost of 10 euros per candle, and 600 candles per hectare, it was too costly to save the rest of the grapes.
The 2021 April frost led to what French government officials described as “probably the greatest agricultural disaster of the beginning of the 21st century”. The pattern was similar: an intense April 6～8 frost after a lengthy warm period in March.
The researchers concluded that the warming caused by humans had coaxed the plants so that they exposed their young leaves earlier than usual, before a burst of Arctic cold reached Europe in April.
5．What did Daniel Etienne Defaix do to protect his vines
A．Heat the vines with electrical lines. B．Spray the buds with water.
C．Set up special watering systems. D．Warm the vines with candles.
6．What can we infer from the text
A．Growers can save most of their crops. B．The 2022 frost is the worst in history.
C．Humans are to blame for the damage. D．The weather was normal last March.
7．What does the underlined word “coaxed” in the last paragraph mean
A．Protected. B．Dried.
C．Tricked. D．Delayed.
8．Which is the best title of the text
A．Causes for Early Budding B．Late Frost Threatens Vine Crops
C．Creative Ways to Save Vines D．Global Warming Brings Extreme Weather
阅读理解保分练（五）
（A）
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——生活方式——数字极简主义生活方式的优点
【文章大意】 文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
1．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you. （这本书的目标是解释数字极简主义，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种生活态度）”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
2．答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. （这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动）”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
3．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. （在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1 600多人同意进行数字清理）”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
4．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. （你可以将这些做法看作是一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式）”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
（B）
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——灾害防范——晚霜影响葡萄生长
【文章大意】 在法国夏布利的山区，当地的葡萄园遭受了零下5摄氏度的霜冻袭击。去年法国葡萄园也出现了类似现象。本文介绍了当地人对此采取的措施并分析了造成这一现象的原因等。
5．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He placed candles...most valuable grapes”可知，Daniel Etienne Defaix中Defaix是用蜡烛来取暖以保护他的葡萄藤的。故选D。
6．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段研究者们得出的结论可知，是人类造成了气候变暖，进而对这些植物产生了影响，因此人类应对这些损害负责。故选C。
7．答案与解析：C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“so that they exposed...Europe in April”可知，此处是说人类造成的（气候）变暖让这些植物比往常更早地露出了它们的嫩叶，也就是说这些植物受到了欺骗。故选C。
8．答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，在法国夏布利的山区，当地的葡萄园遭受了零下5摄氏度的霜冻袭击。去年法国葡萄园也出现了类似现象。本文介绍了当地人对此采取的措施并分析了造成这一现象的原因等。因此B项“葡萄作物受到晚霜威胁”可作本文最佳标题。故选B。阅读理解保分练(一) 细节理解题——直接信息类
(A)
[2023·全国甲卷，A]
Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining, Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It's the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world's 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai's first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo. Lan
Bo. lan has been making waves in Bangkok's culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard to find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine's roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there's a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia's 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
1．What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common
A．They adopt modern cooking methods. B．They have branches in London.
C．They have top class chefs. D．They are based in hotels.
2．Which restaurant offers a large set menu
A．Gaggan. B．Bo. lan.
C．Issaya Siamese Club. D．Nahm.
3．What is special about Gaggan
A．It hires staff from India. B．It puts on a play every day.
C．It serves hard to find local dishes. D．It shows the cooking process to guests.
(B)
[2023·长春市高三质检]
How to see London like a pro
We've explored London thoroughly and come away with quite a few lessons. Here are our tips.
Visiting Buckingham Palace
Being London's most iconic landmark, this grand 775 room building is where Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ hosts feasts and meets the heads of state. But if you're dreaming of taking a visit to it, you'll need to plan your trip carefully. The palace is typically only open during the summer months from July 23rd to October 3rd. Visiting hours are from 9：30 a．m. to 6：30 p．m. If you're visiting when the palace isn't available to visitors, you can still see the Changing of the Guard.
Hitting the London Eye
The London Eye is a playful addition to the city skyline. Standing near centuries old architecture, this enormous Ferris wheel goes round slowly on the south bank of the River Thames, serving up views over the London Bridge and the Shard to the west, plus a wide perspective of the Palace of Westminster. Buy your tickets in advance online, choose a clear day and go there first thing in the morning to avoid peak times.
Drinking afternoon tea
Afternoon tea—a sacred ritual (习俗)—is reason enough to come to London. The British have taken a simple tea break and turned it into a luxurious ceremony, complete with patterned china, layered plates of finger sandwiches and scones with cream and jam. And we haven't mentioned the cakes, which are often brought around on a wheeled cart. When making a reservation, remember that afternoon tea isn't a snack but a full meal with sweet and salty elements, and you'll be stuffed. The smart move is to skip lunch and maybe even dinner.
4．Which is a proper time to visit Buckingham Palace
A．July. 18, 10：00 a．m. B．Aug. 23, 8：30 a．m.
C．Sep. 27, 3：00 p．m. D．Oct. 2, 7：30 p．m.
5．The attraction of the London Eye lies in the fact that ________．
A．it provides a good view of some places of interest
B．it makes London's skyline seem more harmonious
C．it spins quickly on the south bank of the River Thames
D．it is more historic compared to the nearby buildings
6．What do we know about British afternoon tea
A．It is a short break with light snacks. B．It is a full meal with various tasty foods.
C．It combines sour and sweet flavours well. D．It is complete with delicate silver dishware.
阅读理解保分练(一)
A
语篇类型：应用文 主题语境：人与社会——旅游——关于曼谷美食之旅的建议
【文章大意】 介绍了一些关于从哪里开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据小标题Nahm下的段落中“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.[主厨大卫·汤普森(David Thompson)在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星，他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店]”以及小标题Issaya Siamese Club下的段落中“Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai's first flagship Bangkok restaurant. (Issaya Siamese Club是国际知名的泰国厨师Ian Kittichai的第一家曼谷旗舰餐厅)”可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师。故选C项。
2．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据小标题Bo. lan下的段落中“For those extremely hungry, there's a large set menu. (对于那些极度饥饿的人来说，这里有一份很大的套餐)”可知，Bo. lan提供大型套餐。故选B项。
3．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据小标题Gaggan下的段落中“The best table in this two story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. (在这座两层殖民时期的泰国住宅中，最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗户，在那里你可以看到Gaggan厨师和他的员工在工作)”可知，Gaggan的特别之处是它向客人展示了烹饪过程。故选D项。
(B)
语篇类型：应用文 主题语境：人与社会——旅游——关于伦敦的旅游建议
【文章大意】 文章通过对伦敦彻底的探索，收获的经验，提出了到伦敦游玩时一些好的建议。
4．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据Visiting Buckingham Palace部分中的“The palace is...6：30 p．m.”可知，白金汉宫只在7月23日至10月3日开放，参观时间为上午9：30至下午6：30。故C项正确。
5．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据Hitting the London Eye部分中的“Standing near centuries old...Palace of Westminster”可知，伦敦眼可以俯瞰伦敦桥、西面的碎片大厦以及威斯敏斯特宫。
6．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据本文最后两句“When making a．..maybe even dinner”可知，英国的下午茶是一顿有各种美味食物的全餐。
