焦作市普通高中2023—2024学年（上）高二年级期中考试
英语
考生注意：
1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题、每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1. What is the weather like now
A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Windy.
2. Who is more likely to be president of the company
A. Jim. B. Peter. C. Kevin.
3. Where does the woman like to put the painting
A. In the kitchen. B. In the living room. C. In the front hallway.
4 What program is on now
A. A puzzle show. B. A football match. C. The news.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A movie. B. A sales promotion. C. A birthday party.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C二个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When did the woman go to the Netherlands last year
A. In February. B. In April. C. In July.
7. Which city may be recommended by the woman’s friends
A. Amsterdam. B. Middelburg. C. Rotterdam.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Which ping-pong bat will the woman buy
A. The red one. B. The green one. C. The blue one.
9. How much should the woman pay in total
A. Eighty dollars. B. Nine dollars. C. Eighty-nine dollars.
10. How will the woman pay for the bat
A. By WeChat. B. By credit card. C. In cash.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Why does the woman organize the campaign
A. To warn people to sort rubbish.
B. To encourage people to make more friends.
C. To call on more people to protect the environment.
12. What will be the task on the first day
A. Planting trees. B. Designing posters. C. Collecting rubbish.
13. What can the teachers do for the green campaign according to Mark
A. Stop driving private cars to school.
B. Design decorations for the posters.
C. Hang some posters on the school board.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Who is the woman speaker most probably speaking to
A. A retiree. B. A patient. C. A librarian.
15. What does the man need to do in the job
A. Borrow books. B. Update records. C. Clean up the library.
16. What can we know about the lunch club
A It delivers free lunch to students.
B. It is aimed at serving the elderly.
C. It needs more self-driving cars.
17. What will Mrs. Carroll do next week
A. Go to hospital. B. Help local residents. C. Visit neighboring communities.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What is the purpose of practising AIDA
A. To introduce products. B. To increase employment. C. To promote sales of products.
19. How many stages does the model include
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5.
20. Why does the speaker mention the movie industry
A. To evaluate the effect of AIDA.
B. To show how to make a movie.
C. To present how AIDA works.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Music Festivals You Need to Attend
Tomorrowland (July 21--30)
Tomorrowland is known as one of the largest, if not the largest, EDM music festivals in the world. Located at De Schorre Provincial Recreational Park in Boom, Belgium, the festival is a one- of-a-kind experience. Visitors are surrounded by beautifully crafted stages while listening to all of their favorite DJs. It’ll be a party, and most definitely a fun time.
Glastonbury (June 22--26)
It may be cloudy and rainy for most of the year, but England shines bright when it’s time for Glastonbury. Not only does this festival have some of the best musicians, it also has dance performances, comedy, theatrics, and more. There’s no need to worry about being too hot because England has the best summer weather for events like this. Artists including Elton John, Arctic Monkeys, Lana Del Rey, and Wizkid are all on the lineup (阵容) this year.
Outside Lands (August 11--13)
With San Francisco as its backdrop (背景幕布), Outside Lands is always a popular festival. There are always some famous faces in the crowds, and in years past we have seen Vanessa Hudgens and Kim Kardashian. This year, the lineup is incredibly strong, featuring Megan Thee Stallion, Lana Del Rey, Lil Yachty, Maggie Rogers, and so many others.
Mysteryland (August 25--28)
This is a festival for the EDM lovers out there. The Netherlands hosts Mysteryland each year, bringing in all of the top DJs and artists from around the world. The festival is the first of its kind in the country, so it’s a unique experience for everyone involved. Bring your rave energy because this festival isn’t for just anyone.
1. Which music festival begins the earliest
A. Tomorrowland. B. Mysteryland. C. Outside Lands. D. Glastonbury.
2. Who will perform at two of the festivals
A. Lana Del Rey. B. Megan Thee Stallion. C. Maggie Rogers. D. Elton John.
3. What do Tomorrowland and Mysteryland have in common
A. They’re both held once a year.
B. They’re both attractive to EDM lovers.
C. They’re both the first of its kind in the country.
D. They’re both the largest music festivals in the country.
B
When I graduated from college and moved to Washington, D.C., in 2017, I left all of my friends behind. Treating new associates with home-cooked meals was my best attempt at making new friends and curing my loneliness. Soon enough, everyone was asking me for the recipes(食谱), which is how Bun Bo Bae, my Vietnamese cooking blog, came into being in 2019.
I’ve probably been destined(注定的) to start a food blog. I spent most of my childhood in the kitchen with my mom. As a child, I’d sit and watch her cook. My duties started with just passing her the ingredients(配料). Soon, I was measuring, steaming and stir-frying my way toward kitchen mastery. I left for college before I could learn my mom’s best dishes.
Studying abroad, I was desperately homesick in the beginning. So, I started calling my mom and asking for the recipes for my favorite dishes. It turns out that my mom doesn’t have any recipes. She grew up in the kitchen with her mom too, and my grandma passed on her knowledge orally(口头地).
Bun Bo Bae was initially a space for me to put what I learned into writing. I didn’t want all of the secret knowledge behind dishes like my mom’s bún bò hué (a spicy beef and pork noodle soup that inspired the blog’s name) or my dad’s thit bǎm s t cà chua (a pork-based tomato sauce) to vanish one day if the oral tradition ended. I wanted to write down every piece of advice I was given in detail to make sure people could keep creating these dishes as authentically as possible. As my food blog and follower count grew, so did my confidence in the kitchen.
Bun Bo Bae also promoted my confidence at work. I taught myself social media and web building, and the skills helped me land my job at NPR (National Public Radio), where one of my recipes was served in Sound Bites. I even hosted a cooking class for my colleagues to celebrate AAPI (Asian American Pacific Islander) Heritage Month.
4. What can be inferred about the author from paragraph 1
A. She enjoyed her time of staying alone.
B. Her cooking blog has existed for a decade.
C. Her meals were popular with her new friends.
D. She kept a cooking blog at the request of her friends.
5. How did the author’s mother learn cooking
A. She searched for information online.
B. She taught herself as an adult.
C. She learnt from her own mother as a kid.
D. She once signed up for a cooking course.
6. What does the underlined word “vanish” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Spread. B. Disappear. C. Change. D. Repeat.
7. What is Sound Bites probably
A. A dining place. B. A cooking blog.
C. A cooking class for Asians. D. A TV programme about cooking.
C
How can an air-breathing animal sleep safely in the open ocean, with killer whales and great whites hanging around near the surface For elephant seals, we now know the solution. Jessica Kendall-Bar at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in California and her colleagues have developed a system for recording the electrical brain activity of elephant seals, as well as their heart rates and movements. After tests on a few captive (圈养的) elephant seals, they applied this system to eight wild female seals with a removable tool. The team didn’t do this with males as their much larger size makes it harder to attach any kind of device.
The team firstly used the devices to record how the seals move while in slow-wave, or deep sleep, and also in rapid-eye-movement (REM), or dream sleep. And then, with this, they looked back at previous time-and-depth recordings from more than 300 wild females and finally found out when they were sleeping and which sleep stage they were in.
The study shows that females out in the open sea sleep for less than 10 minutes at a time during dives and get only around 2 hours of sleep per day in total, compared with around 10 hours when they are on land. At around 100 metres or so below the surface they go into slow-wave sleep and start sinking. But when the animals go into REM sleep, they do lose control. Their bodies turn upside down and sink in a characteristic spiral, with one animal going as deep as 377 metres. Then the seals wake and swim back to the surface. In waters less than 250 metres deep, the seals instead sleep still on the seafloor, like other seals do.
Other marine mammals have solved the how-to-sleep-at-sea problem in a different way. Only half of the brains of whales and dolphins sleep at a time, allowing the other half to watch out for danger and maintain breathing at the surface. Fur seals use the same trick. Unusually, though, fur seals can do both half- and whole-brain sleeping -- when they are on land the proportion (比例) of whole-brain sleep increases.
8. What does the text say about female seals
A. They have harder skin than males.
B. They are smaller in size than males.
C. They like living in groups more than males.
D. They have more active brain activity than males.
9. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A. The process of the new study. B. The results of previous studies.
C. The advantage of the new device. D. The sleep patterns of elephant seals.
10. What happens to elephant seals when they are in slow-wave sleep
A. Their bodies will turn upside down.
B. Their bodies are unmoving on the seafloor.
C. They have gone as deep as 377 metres at sea.
D. They fall gradually into the depths.
11. What is special about the sleep at sea of fur seals
A. They sleep the shortest periods.
B. They have both half- and whole-brain sleeping.
C. They can sleep between 10- to 30-minute deep dives.
D. The length of their sleeping time will decrease sharply.
D
Who is responsible when an AI system causes harm or death The California judges may soon have to decide. In December 2019, a person driving a Tesla with an AI navigation (导航) system killed two people in an accident. The driver got up to 12 years in prison. Several federal agencies are looking into Tesla crashes and the U. S. Department of Justice has opened a criminal investigation (刑事调查) into how Tesla markets its self-driving system.
Our current liability (责任) system -- used to determine responsibility and payment for injuries -- is unprepared for AI. The time to think about liability is now as AI becomes universal but remains uncontrolled. AI-based systems have already contributed to injuries. In 2019 an AI algorithm (算法) misidentified a suspect (犯罪分子), leading to a mistake. In 2020, during the height of the pandemic, an AI-based mental health chatbot encouraged a simulated suicidal (有自杀倾向的) patient to end her own life.
Getting the liability landscape right is important to unlocking AI’s potential. Uncertain rules and the possibility of costly litigation will discourage the investment, development and adoption of AI in industries ranging from health care to autonomous vehicles.
Currently liability investigation usually starts and stops with the person who uses the algorithm. Indeed, if someone misuses an AI system or ignores its warnings, that person should be responsible legally. But AI errors are often not the fault of the user. Who can fault an emergency room physician for an AI algorithm that misses papilledema (a kind of disease) An AI failure to find the condition could delay care and possibly cause a patient to lose their sight. Yet papilledema is challenging to analyse without a doctor’s examination. AI is constantly self-learning, meaning it takes information and looks for patterns in it. This further complicates the liability question. How much can you blame a physician for an error caused by an unexplainable AI
Industries ranging from finance to Internet safety are on the point of AI revolutions (革命) that could benefit billions worldwide. But these benefits shouldn’t be cut down by poorly developed algorithms: 21st-century AI demands a 21st-century liability system.
12. What can be learned about the car accident
A. It is the first case related to an AI system.
B. No one survived the terrible car accident.
C. It was mainly caused by the self-driving system.
D. The driver was sentenced to over ten years in prison.
13. What does the author try to stress by giving the two examples in paragraph 2
A. The AI-based systems are often reliable.
B. The AI-based mental health chatbot saved many lives.
C. The current liability system needs to be adjusted accordingly.
D. The current liability system can determine responsibility about AI.
14. What can we learn from paragraph 4
A. AI mistakes have no effect on its users.
B. AI failures appear more often than not.
C. Blaming AI users alone does not solve the problem.
D Users do often ignore the potential dangers of AI systems.
15. What can be the best title for the text
A. Who Is Responsible When AI Kills
B. How Can We Make AI Systems Safer
C. What Are Disadvantages of Using AI Systems
D. What Does 21st Century Demand of AI Algorithm
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Self-acceptance is the ability to be comfortable with who you are. When you love yourself, it’s about learning to like the parts of yourself that you don’t like. But how to start self-acceptance
The first step is to understand it. You need to know that it’s okay if you have disadvantages and are different from other people. No one is perfect, so don’t try to be. It’s also important to remember that everyone has a different opinion. ___16___ If you don’t want something, don’t do it.
The next step is choosing the right thoughts and words to describe yourself. When someone says something negative or makes fun of you, don’t let it bother you. ___17___ If you keep thinking about it, it’ll only make you feel worse.
___18___ When you think positively, it’ll show in your actions and words. You’ll start to like yourself more. Think about things you like, and let them help you get through the tough times.
Being kind to yourself is another way to practice self-acceptance. Have fun! ___19___ This will make it easier for you when you have difficult days in the future.
Be careful about the words you use when talking to yourself, too! Lots of people say negative phrases to themselves. For example, students might say “I don’t like myself”. ___20___
A. It’s also important to have positive thoughts about yourself.
B. It’s okay to be upset, but don’t let it stay with you for too long.
C. What might bother you about yourself might not bother another person.
D. Do something nice for yourself or take a break from life every once in a while.
E. If self-acceptance leads to positive steps in the future, it can lead to a happier life.
F. But when you talk badly about yourself in your head, there’s no one but you to stop it.
G. Self-acceptance is similar from person to person and there is no wrong or right way to do it.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下而短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The bond (纽带) between brothers in unbelievably strong. Some brothers ___21___ everything with each other even their organs!
On Brandon’s 25th birthday, his younger brother Derek gave him the most ___22___ surprise anyone could ever receive. Two years ago, Brandon had kidney (肾脏) ___23___. His parents wanted to give their kidneys. But they weren’t ___24___ donors (捐赠者).
That’s when Derek decided to get ___25___ to see if he could save his brother’s life. When he ___26___ that he could offer his kidney, his parents decided to ___27___ the ultimate surprise birthday present for Brandon.
The brothers have shared a(n) ___28___ tight bond. They grew up together, loved each other and always ___29___ each other’s backs.
On that birthday, Brandon was presented with a birthday ____30____. His brother Derek walked behind him, and Brandon began to ____31____, “Dear Brandon, I’m so ____32____ to have you as a brother. You will always have a piece of my heart, and now you will have my kidney, too. We are a perfect ____33____.”
Brandon broke into happy tears. He seemed genuinely ____34____ by his brother’s selfless gesture. Donating a kidney is ____35____ for a donor, so taking on the challenge of surgery and recovery is no small feat (壮举).
Brandon’s surgery was successful, and both brothers are doing well today.
21 A. share B. compare C. argue D. record
22. A. creative B. interesting C. formal D. incredible
23. A. operation B. failure C. replacement D. examination
24. A. available B. respected C. appropriate D. traditional
25. A. approved B. coached C. recommended D. tested
26. A. pretended B. forecast C. realized D. brought
27. A. respond to B. arrange for C. seek for D. pass on
28. A. equally B. originally C. conditionally D. remarkably
29. A. appreciated B. hit C. had D. observed
30. A. card B. cake C. song D. party
31. A. recall B. read C. consult D. announce
32. A. relaxed B. eager C. comfortable D. thankful
33. A. match B. balance C. team D. family
34. A. motivated B. shocked C. amused D. confused
35. A. necessary B. unforgettable C. difficult D. beneficial
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hangzhou is the capital and a ___36___ (center) city of Zhejiang Province. Located on the lower reaches of the Qiantang River in southeast China, a superior position in the Yangtze Delta and only 180 km from Shanghai, Hangzhou is one of China’s most popular travel ___37___ (destination).
The West Lake, ___38___ is famous for the scenic beauty that ___39___ (natural) mixes with many famous historical and cultural sites, is a landmark of Hangzhou. The “Ten West Lake Prospects”, ___40___ (select) from the most frequently visited attractions around the lake, give travelers a full view of the city’s highlights. Taking a walk along the lake, you’ll have a better understanding of its time-honored reputation ___41___ “Heaven on Earth”.
The local dishes in Hangzhou ___42___ (be) famous for their complex preparation, sophisticated cooking and refreshing taste. Many local specialties (特色菜) will surely make your visit ___43___ exciting experience. Visitors are recommended ___44___ (try) the Beggar’s Chicken, West Lake Fish in Sweet Sour Source, Dongpo Pork and Fried Shrimps with Longjing Tea.
At night, the city has much to offer. Teahouses ____45____ various kinds of bars are both popular. Choosing one overlooking the West Lake for a pleasant chat over a cup of tea is sure to make you feel totally relaxed and refreshed.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是校英语网站负责人，现在网站要为新栏目Enjoy Reading征集照片，请你写一则通知。要点如下：
1. 照片内容要求；
2. 截止日期。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
NOTICE
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The School English Website
December 15th, 2023
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was eight years old when I first experienced the feeling of guilt. Then I had three close friends, David, Kyle and Richard, and I could rely on them for anything. We did everything together, from playing four square and handball at break, to eating lunch at our own spot. We hung out every second we could.
It was a Wednesday at school, and that morning I didn’t have breakfast. My stomach growled (咆哮) every 10 minutes louder and louder. I felt like the whole class could hear my stomach. I constantly stared at the clock go tick tock, tick tock for hours. As soon as the bell rang for lunch, our teacher led the line to the dining hall, but when I checked my pockets to see if I brought my money, I only had a dollar. I was angry that I left my money at home and desperate to have lunch. So, I quickly asked my teacher to use the restroom, ran up the stairs to see all the backpacks hung up against the wall and saw my friend Richard’s bag.
I looked around to see if anyone was near and found no one was in sight. As I opened the bag and saw a whole bag of coins, I decided to take eight of them. Then I bought my lunch and carried on through the day like nothing had happened.
When school was over, Jamba Juice came to sell smoothies (冰沙). I had totally forgotten once a month on Wednesdays Jamba Juice would sell smoothies for five dollars. I was already satisfied with the lunch, and didn’t even bother caring for a smoothie. Everyone wanted a smoothie and the whole school and their parents were in the line waiting.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
I walked with my friends to the line.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I didn’t have enough sleep that night.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________焦作市普通高中2023—2024学年（上）高二年级期中考试
英语
考生注意：
1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题、每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案C。
1. What is the weather like now
A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Windy.
2. Who is more likely to be president of the company
A. Jim. B. Peter. C. Kevin.
3. Where does the woman like to put the painting
A. In the kitchen. B. In the living room. C. In the front hallway.
4. What program is on now
A. A puzzle show. B. A football match. C. The news.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A movie. B. A sales promotion. C. A birthday party.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C二个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When did the woman go to the Netherlands last year
A. In February. B. In April. C. In July.
7. Which city may be recommended by the woman’s friends
A. Amsterdam. B. Middelburg. C. Rotterdam.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Which ping-pong bat will the woman buy
A. The red one. B. The green one. C. The blue one.
9. How much should the woman pay in total
A. Eighty dollars. B. Nine dollars. C. Eighty-nine dollars.
10. How will the woman pay for the bat
A. By WeChat. B. By credit card. C. In cash.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Why does the woman organize the campaign
A. To warn people to sort rubbish.
B. To encourage people to make more friends.
C. To call on more people to protect the environment.
12. What will be the task on the first day
A. Planting trees. B. Designing posters. C. Collecting rubbish.
13. What can the teachers do for the green campaign according to Mark
A. Stop driving private cars to school.
B. Design decorations for the posters.
C. Hang some posters on the school board.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Who is the woman speaker most probably speaking to
A. A retiree. B. A patient. C. A librarian.
15. What does the man need to do in the job
A. Borrow books. B. Update records. C. Clean up the library.
16. What can we know about the lunch club
A. It delivers free lunch to students.
B. It is aimed at serving the elderly.
C. It needs more self-driving cars.
17. What will Mrs. Carroll do next week
A. Go to hospital. B. Help local residents. C. Visit neighboring communities.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What is the purpose of practising AIDA
A. To introduce products. B. To increase employment. C. To promote sales of products.
19. How many stages does the model include
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5.
20. Why does the speaker mention the movie industry
A. To evaluate the effect of AIDA.
B. To show how to make a movie.
C. To present how AIDA works.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Music Festivals You Need to Attend
Tomorrowland (July 21--30)
Tomorrowland is known as one of the largest, if not the largest, EDM music festivals in the world. Located at De Schorre Provincial Recreational Park in Boom, Belgium, the festival is a one- of-a-kind experience. Visitors are surrounded by beautifully crafted stages while listening to all of their favorite DJs. It’ll be a party, and most definitely a fun time.
Glastonbury (June 22--26)
It may be cloudy and rainy for most of the year, but England shines bright when it’s time for Glastonbury. Not only does this festival have some of the best musicians, it also has dance performances, comedy, theatrics, and more. There’s no need to worry about being too hot because England has the best summer weather for events like this. Artists including Elton John, Arctic Monkeys, Lana Del Rey, and Wizkid are all on the lineup (阵容) this year.
Outside Lands (August 11--13)
With San Francisco as its backdrop (背景幕布), Outside Lands is always a popular festival. There are always some famous faces in the crowds, and in years past we have seen Vanessa Hudgens and Kim Kardashian. This year, the lineup is incredibly strong, featuring Megan Thee Stallion, Lana Del Rey, Lil Yachty, Maggie Rogers, and so many others.
Mysteryland (August 25--28)
This is a festival for the EDM lovers out there. The Netherlands hosts Mysteryland each year, bringing in all of the top DJs and artists from around the world. The festival is the first of its kind in the country, so it’s a unique experience for everyone involved. Bring your rave energy because this festival isn’t for just anyone.
1. Which music festival begins the earliest
A. Tomorrowland. B. Mysteryland. C. Outside Lands. D. Glastonbury.
2. Who will perform at two of the festivals
A. Lana Del Rey. B. Megan Thee Stallion. C. Maggie Rogers. D. Elton John.
3. What do Tomorrowland and Mysteryland have in common
A They’re both held once a year.
B. They’re both attractive to EDM lovers.
C. They’re both the first of its kind in the country.
D. They’re both the largest music festivals in the country.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个音乐节的具体信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Tomorrowland (July 21--30)”及“Glastonbury (June 22--26)
”及“Outside Lands (August 11--13)”及“Mysteryland (August 25--28)”可知，四个音乐节分别开始于7.21, 6.22, 8.11和8.25，可知，Glastonbury开始得最早。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Artists including Elton John, Arctic Monkeys, Lana Del Rey, and Wizkid are all on the lineup this year.”（包括Elton John, Arctic Monkeys, Lana Del Rey, and Wizkid在内的艺术家都在今年的演出阵容中。）及第三段最后一句“This year, the lineup is incredibly strong, featuring Megan Thee Stallion, Lana Del Rey, Lil Yachty, Maggie Rogers, and so many others.”（今年，阵容非常强大，包括Megan Thee Stallion, Lana Del Rey, Lil Yachty, Maggie Rogers和其他许多人。）可知，Lana Del Rey会出席两场音乐节。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Tomorrowland is known as one of the largest, if not the largest, EDM music festivals in the world.”（Tomorrowland被认为是世界上最大的EDM音乐节之一。）及第四段第一句“This is a festival for the EDM lovers out there.”（这是EDM爱好者的节日。）可知，这两音乐节都会吸引EDM爱好者。故选B项。
B
When I graduated from college and moved to Washington, D.C., in 2017, I left all of my friends behind. Treating new associates with home-cooked meals was my best attempt at making new friends and curing my loneliness. Soon enough, everyone was asking me for the recipes(食谱), which is how Bun Bo Bae, my Vietnamese cooking blog, came into being in 2019.
I’ve probably been destined(注定的) to start a food blog. I spent most of my childhood in the kitchen with my mom. As a child, I’d sit and watch her cook. My duties started with just passing her the ingredients(配料). Soon, I was measuring, steaming and stir-frying my way toward kitchen mastery. I left for college before I could learn my mom’s best dishes.
Studying abroad, I was desperately homesick in the beginning. So, I started calling my mom and asking for the recipes for my favorite dishes. It turns out that my mom doesn’t have any recipes. She grew up in the kitchen with her mom too, and my grandma passed on her knowledge orally(口头地).
Bun Bo Bae was initially a space for me to put what I learned into writing. I didn’t want all of the secret knowledge behind dishes like my mom’s bún bò hué (a spicy beef and pork noodle soup that inspired the blog’s name) or my dad’s thit bǎm s t cà chua (a pork-based tomato sauce) to vanish one day if the oral tradition ended. I wanted to write down every piece of advice I was given in detail to make sure people could keep creating these dishes as authentically as possible. As my food blog and follower count grew, so did my confidence in the kitchen.
Bun Bo Bae also promoted my confidence at work. I taught myself social media and web building, and the skills helped me land my job at NPR (National Public Radio), where one of my recipes was served in Sound Bites. I even hosted a cooking class for my colleagues to celebrate AAPI (Asian American Pacific Islander) Heritage Month.
4. What can be inferred about the author from paragraph 1
A. She enjoyed her time of staying alone.
B. Her cooking blog has existed for a decade.
C. Her meals were popular with her new friends.
D. She kept a cooking blog at the request of her friends.
5. How did the author’s mother learn cooking
A. She searched for information online.
B. She taught herself as an adult.
C. She learnt from her own mother as a kid.
D. She once signed up for a cooking course.
6. What does the underlined word “vanish” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Spread. B. Disappear. C. Change. D. Repeat.
7. What is Sound Bites probably
A. A dining place. B. A cooking blog.
C. A cooking class for Asians. D. A TV programme about cooking.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文属于记叙文，主要讲述了作者出国工作后创立了自己的越南烹饪博客Bun Bo Bae，作者在上面写父母的菜谱，后来随着博客和粉丝数量上升，作者也增加了自信，并且作者从写博客上获得的技能也帮助作者得到了一份工作。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Treating new associates with home-cooked meals was my best attempt at making new friends and curing my loneliness. Soon enough, everyone was asking me for the recipes(食谱), which is how Bun Bo Bae, my Vietnamese cooking blog, came into being in 2019.(用家常菜招待新同事是我结交新朋友和治愈孤独的最好尝试。很快，每个人都在问我食谱，这就是我的越南烹饪博客Bun Bo Bae在2019年诞生的原因。)”可知，作者用家常菜招待新同事，很快每个人都在问作者食谱，由此可推测出，作者的菜很受新朋友欢迎。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She grew up in the kitchen with her mom too, and my grandma passed on her knowledge orally(口头地).(她也和她的妈妈一起在厨房里长大，我姥姥口头传授了她的知识。)”可知，作者的妈妈在小的时候从自己的妈妈那里学习烹饪。故选C。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“if the oral tradition ended”可推知，这里是说作者不希望口头传统的终止让这些菜肴背后的秘密知识消失。vanish意为“突然消失”，与disappear的意思最接近。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I taught myself social media and web building, and the skills helped me land my job at NPR (National Public Radio), where one of my recipes was served in Sound Bites.(我自学了社交媒体和网络建设，这些技能帮助我在NPR，即国家公共广播电台，找到了工作，在这里我的一个食谱在Sound Bites上提供。)”可知，Sound Bites属于国家公共广播电台，作者的一个食谱出现在上面，由此可推测出，Sound Bites应该是一个关于烹饪的电视节目。故选D。
C
How can an air-breathing animal sleep safely in the open ocean, with killer whales and great whites hanging around near the surface For elephant seals, we now know the solution. Jessica Kendall-Bar at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in California and her colleagues have developed a system for recording the electrical brain activity of elephant seals, as well as their heart rates and movements. After tests on a few captive (圈养的) elephant seals, they applied this system to eight wild female seals with a removable tool. The team didn’t do this with males as their much larger size makes it harder to attach any kind of device.
The team firstly used the devices to record how the seals move while in slow-wave, or deep sleep, and also in rapid-eye-movement (REM), or dream sleep. And then, with this, they looked back at previous time-and-depth recordings from more than 300 wild females and finally found out when they were sleeping and which sleep stage they were in.
The study shows that females out in the open sea sleep for less than 10 minutes at a time during dives and get only around 2 hours of sleep per day in total, compared with around 10 hours when they are on land. At around 100 metres or so below the surface they go into slow-wave sleep and start sinking. But when the animals go into REM sleep, they do lose control. Their bodies turn upside down and sink in a characteristic spiral, with one animal going as deep as 377 metres. Then the seals wake and swim back to the surface. In waters less than 250 metres deep, the seals instead sleep still on the seafloor, like other seals do.
Other marine mammals have solved the how-to-sleep-at-sea problem in a different way. Only half of the brains of whales and dolphins sleep at a time, allowing the other half to watch out for danger and maintain breathing at the surface. Fur seals use the same trick. Unusually, though, fur seals can do both half- and whole-brain sleeping -- when they are on land the proportion (比例) of whole-brain sleep increases.
8. What does the text say about female seals
A. They have harder skin than males.
B. They are smaller in size than males.
C. They like living in groups more than males.
D. They have more active brain activity than males.
9. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A. The process of the new study. B. The results of previous studies.
C. The advantage of the new device. D. The sleep patterns of elephant seals.
10. What happens to elephant seals when they are in slow-wave sleep
A. Their bodies will turn upside down.
B. Their bodies are unmoving on the seafloor.
C. They have gone as deep as 377 metres at sea.
D. They fall gradually into the depths.
11. What is special about the sleep at sea of fur seals
A. They sleep the shortest periods.
B. They have both half- and whole-brain sleeping.
C. They can sleep between 10- to 30-minute deep dives.
D. The length of their sleeping time will decrease sharply.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家针对海象的一项实验，希望弄清楚海象在不同的睡眠状态下的活动情况。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“After tests on a few captive elephant seals, they applied this system to eight wild female seals with a removable tool. The team didn’t do this with males as their much larger size makes it harder to attach any kind of device.”（在对几只圈养的海象进行测试后，他们用一个可移动的工具将该系统应用于八只野生雌海象。研究小组没有对雄性进行这样的实验，因为它们的体型要大得多，很难附着任何设备。）可知，雌海象体形比雄性小。故选B项。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“The team firstly used the devices to record how the seals move while in slow-wave, or deep sleep, and also in rapid-eye-movement (REM), or dream sleep.And then, with this, they looked back at previous time-and-depth recordings from more than 300 wild females and finally found out when they were sleeping and which sleep stage they were in.”（研究小组使用这些设备记录了海象在慢波睡眠（又叫深度睡眠）和快速眼动睡眠(又叫梦境睡眠)时的活动情况。然后，有了这个，他们回顾了之前300多只野生雌性动物的时间和深度记录，最终发现了它们的睡眠时间和睡眠阶段。）可知，第二段主要谈论了该研究的过程，先用设备记录，然后对比分析，最后得出结论。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“At around 100 metres or so below the surface they go into slow-wave sleep and start sinking.”（在水下100米左右，它们进入慢波睡眠，开始下沉。）可知，在慢波睡眠状态下，它们会逐渐开始下沉。故选D项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Unusually, though, fur seals can do both half- and whole-brain sleeping -- when they are on land the proportion of whole-brain sleep increases.”（然而，不同寻常的是，海狗既可以做半脑睡眠，也可以做全脑睡眠——在陆地上时全脑睡眠的比例增加了。）可知，海狗有半脑睡眠和全脑睡眠。故选B项。
D
Who is responsible when an AI system causes harm or death The California judges may soon have to decide. In December 2019, a person driving a Tesla with an AI navigation (导航) system killed two people in an accident. The driver got up to 12 years in prison. Several federal agencies are looking into Tesla crashes and the U. S. Department of Justice has opened a criminal investigation (刑事调查) into how Tesla markets its self-driving system.
Our current liability (责任) system -- used to determine responsibility and payment for injuries -- is unprepared for AI. The time to think about liability is now as AI becomes universal but remains uncontrolled. AI-based systems have already contributed to injuries. In 2019 an AI algorithm (算法) misidentified a suspect (犯罪分子), leading to a mistake. In 2020, during the height of the pandemic, an AI-based mental health chatbot encouraged a simulated suicidal (有自杀倾向的) patient to end her own life.
Getting the liability landscape right is important to unlocking AI’s potential. Uncertain rules and the possibility of costly litigation will discourage the investment, development and adoption of AI in industries ranging from health care to autonomous vehicles.
Currently liability investigation usually starts and stops with the person who uses the algorithm. Indeed, if someone misuses an AI system or ignores its warnings, that person should be responsible legally. But AI errors are often not the fault of the user. Who can fault an emergency room physician for an AI algorithm that misses papilledema (a kind of disease) An AI failure to find the condition could delay care and possibly cause a patient to lose their sight. Yet papilledema is challenging to analyse without a doctor’s examination. AI is constantly self-learning, meaning it takes information and looks for patterns in it. This further complicates the liability question. How much can you blame a physician for an error caused by an unexplainable AI
Industries ranging from finance to Internet safety are on the point of AI revolutions (革命) that could benefit billions worldwide. But these benefits shouldn’t be cut down by poorly developed algorithms: 21st-century AI demands a 21st-century liability system.
12. What can be learned about the car accident
A. It is the first case related to an AI system.
B. No one survived the terrible car accident.
C. It was mainly caused by the self-driving system.
D. The driver was sentenced to over ten years in prison.
13. What does the author try to stress by giving the two examples in paragraph 2
A. The AI-based systems are often reliable.
B. The AI-based mental health chatbot saved many lives.
C. The current liability system needs to be adjusted accordingly.
D. The current liability system can determine responsibility about AI.
14. What can we learn from paragraph 4
A. AI mistakes have no effect on its users.
B. AI failures appear more often than not.
C. Blaming AI users alone does not solve the problem.
D. Users do often ignore the potential dangers of AI systems.
15. What can be the best title for the text
A. Who Is Responsible When AI Kills
B. How Can We Make AI Systems Safer
C. What Are Disadvantages of Using AI Systems
D. What Does 21st Century Demand of AI Algorithm
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要论述了目前对于人工智能造成的伤害没有明确的责任体系，并呼吁尽快调整责任系统以适应人工智能的普及。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“The driver got up to 12 years in prison.”（司机被判处12年监禁。）可知，司机被判处十年以上监禁。故选D项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段前三句“Our current liability system -- used to determine responsibility and payment for injuries -- is unprepared for AI. The time to think about liability is now as AI becomes universal but remains uncontrolled. AI-based systems have already contributed to injuries.”（我们目前的责任系统——用于确定伤害的责任和赔偿，还没有为人工智能做好准备。现在是考虑责任的时候了，因为人工智能变得普遍，但仍不受控制。基于人工智能的系统已经造成了伤害。）并结合下文具体人工智能造成伤害的例子可知，作者举例是为了说明目前的责任系统还不能确定人工智能造成的伤害该如何解决，考虑到人工智能愈发普及却不受控制，这种情况应该及时调整了。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段前三句“Currently liability investigation usually starts and stops with the person who uses the algorithm. Indeed, if someone misuses an AI system or ignores its warnings, that person should be responsible legally. But AI errors are often not the fault of the user.”（目前，责任调查通常由使用该算法的人开始和结束。事实上，如果有人滥用人工智能系统或无视其警告，这个人应该承担法律责任。但人工智能的错误往往不是用户的错。）及最后一句“How much can you blame a physician for an error caused by an unexplainable AI ”（对于无法解释的人工智能造成的错误，你能在多大程度上责怪医生 ）可知，人工智能有自己的自我学习模式，会犯一些用户不可掌控的错误，但责任调查通常只追究到用户，这远远是不够的。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Who is responsible when an AI system causes harm or death ”（当人工智能系统造成伤害或死亡时，谁来负责 ）并结合下文对于责任系统的讨论及判定人工智能责任的复杂性可知，本文主要探讨了当人工智能系统造成伤害或死亡时，谁来负责的问题。故选A项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Self-acceptance is the ability to be comfortable with who you are. When you love yourself, it’s about learning to like the parts of yourself that you don’t like. But how to start self-acceptance
The first step is to understand it. You need to know that it’s okay if you have disadvantages and are different from other people. No one is perfect, so don’t try to be. It’s also important to remember that everyone has a different opinion. ___16___ If you don’t want something, don’t do it.
The next step is choosing the right thoughts and words to describe yourself. When someone says something negative or makes fun of you, don’t let it bother you. ___17___ If you keep thinking about it, it’ll only make you feel worse.
___18___ When you think positively, it’ll show in your actions and words. You’ll start to like yourself more. Think about things you like, and let them help you get through the tough times.
Being kind to yourself is another way to practice self-acceptance. Have fun! ___19___ This will make it easier for you when you have difficult days in the future.
Be careful about the words you use when talking to yourself, too! Lots of people say negative phrases to themselves. For example, students might say “I don’t like myself”. ___20___
A. It’s also important to have positive thoughts about yourself.
B. It’s okay to be upset, but don’t let it stay with you for too long.
C. What might bother you about yourself might not bother another person.
D. Do something nice for yourself or take a break from life every once in a while.
E. If self-acceptance leads to positive steps in the future, it can lead to a happier life.
F. But when you talk badly about yourself in your head, there’s no one but you to stop it.
G. Self-acceptance is similar from person to person and there is no wrong or right way to do it.
【答案】16. C 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些有助于自我接纳的方法。
【16题详解】
上文“It’s also important to remember that everyone has a different opinion.”（同样重要的是要记住，每个人都有不同的观点。）说明每个人的想法都不一样，C项“What might bother you about yourself might not bother another person.”（你自己可能会感到困扰的事情可能不会困扰到别人。）具体说明人们想法各异，你以为困扰的事情可能不会困扰别人。衔接恰当。故选C项。
【17题详解】
上文“When someone says something negative or makes fun of you, don’t let it bother you.”（当有人说消极的话或取笑你时，不要让它困扰你。）说明不要在意别人消极的评论，B项“It’s okay to be upset, but don’t let it stay with you for too long.”（心烦是可以的，但不要让它困扰你太久。）衔接上文，说明当听到消极的评论时，“ be upset”是正常的，但不能困扰太久，照应下文，如果困扰太久，则“it’ll only make you feel worse”（这只会让你感觉更糟）衔接恰当。故选B项。
【18题详解】
下文“When you think positively, it’ll show in your actions and words. You’ll start to like yourself more. Think about things you like, and let them help you get through the tough times.”（当你积极思考时，它会在你的行动和语言中表现出来。你会开始更喜欢自己。想想你喜欢的事情，让它们帮你度过难关。）说明了积极看待自己的重要性，A项“It’s also important to have positive thoughts about yourself.”（对自己有积极的想法也很重要。）衔接下文恰当。故选A项。
【19题详解】
上文“Being kind to yourself is another way to practice self-acceptance. Have fun!”（善待自己是练习自我接纳的另一种方式。玩得开心!）说明了善待自己的重要性，D项“Do something nice for yourself or take a break from life every once in a while.”（每隔一段时间为自己做点开心的事，或者从生活中休息一下。）说明了具体的善待自己的方法，衔接下文“This will make it easier for you when you have difficult days in the future.”（这将使你在未来遇到困难的时候更容易。）说明这样做的好处。故选D项。
【20题详解】
上文“Be careful about the words you use when talking to yourself, too! Lots of people say negative phrases to themselves. For example, students might say “I don’t like myself”. ”（自言自语的时候也要注意用词!很多人对自己说消极的话。例如，学生可能会说“我不喜欢我自己”。）说明自言自语时也不能妄自菲薄，F项“But when you talk badly about yourself in your head, there’s no one but you to stop it.”（但当你在脑海里说自己的坏话时，除了你自己，没有人能阻止它。）衔接上文，说明当自己说自己的坏话时，只有自己能够阻止。故选F项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下而短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The bond (纽带) between brothers in unbelievably strong. Some brothers ___21___ everything with each other even their organs!
On Brandon’s 25th birthday, his younger brother Derek gave him the most ___22___ surprise anyone could ever receive. Two years ago, Brandon had kidney (肾脏) ___23___. His parents wanted to give their kidneys. But they weren’t ___24___ donors (捐赠者).
That’s when Derek decided to get ___25___ to see if he could save his brother’s life. When he ___26___ that he could offer his kidney, his parents decided to ___27___ the ultimate surprise birthday present for Brandon.
The brothers have shared a(n) ___28___ tight bond. They grew up together, loved each other and always ___29___ each other’s backs.
On that birthday, Brandon was presented with a birthday ____30____. His brother Derek walked behind him, and Brandon began to ____31____, “Dear Brandon, I’m so ____32____ to have you as a brother. You will always have a piece of my heart, and now you will have my kidney, too. We are a perfect ____33____.”
Brandon broke into happy tears. He seemed genuinely ____34____ by his brother’s selfless gesture. Donating a kidney is ____35____ for a donor, so taking on the challenge of surgery and recovery is no small feat (壮举).
Brandon’s surgery was successful, and both brothers are doing well today.
21. A. share B. compare C. argue D. record
22 A. creative B. interesting C. formal D. incredible
23. A. operation B. failure C. replacement D. examination
24. A. available B. respected C. appropriate D. traditional
25. A. approved B. coached C. recommended D. tested
26. A. pretended B. forecast C. realized D. brought
27. A. respond to B. arrange for C. seek for D. pass on
28. A. equally B. originally C. conditionally D. remarkably
29. A. appreciated B. hit C. had D. observed
30. A. card B. cake C. song D. party
31. A. recall B. read C. consult D. announce
32. A. relaxed B. eager C. comfortable D. thankful
33. A. match B. balance C. team D. family
34. A. motivated B. shocked C. amused D. confused
35 A. necessary B. unforgettable C. difficult D. beneficial
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了男孩德里克在得知哥哥布兰登需要换肾时，主动接受测试，并决定为他捐肾的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些兄弟分享一切东西甚至他们的器官! A. share分享；B. compare比较；C. argue争论；D. record记录。根据后文“even their organs”及“The brothers have shared a(n) ___8___ tight bond.”可知，有些兄弟之间关系密切，愿意分享一切。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在布兰登25岁生日那天，他的弟弟德里克给了他一个难以置信的惊喜。A. creative有创造性的；B. interesting有趣的；C. formal正式的；D. incredible难以置信的。根据后文“he could offer his kidney”可知，德里克愿意把自己肾脏移植给哥哥，这是一个前难以置信的生日惊喜。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：两年前，布兰登出现了肾衰竭。A. operation手术；B. failure失败，故障；C. replacement替代；D. examination检查。根据后文“His parents wanted to give their kidneys”可知，布兰登出现了肾衰竭，需要肾脏移植。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他们不是合适的捐赠者。A. available可获得的；B. respected受尊重的；C. appropriate适合的，相称的；D. traditional传统的。根据前文“His parents wanted to give their kidneys. But...”可知，虽然父母想移植自己的肾给他，但父母的肾脏不匹配，不合适。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，德里克决定接受检查，看看他是否能挽救他哥哥的生命。A. approved赞成；B. coached训练；C. recommended推荐；D. tested检查，化验。根据后文“to see if he could save his brother’s life”可知，他决定检查一下是否自己的肾脏能够移植给哥哥。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他意识到他可以捐献自己的肾脏时，他的父母决定为布兰登安排一个终极惊喜的生日礼物。A. pretended假装；B. forecast预测；C. realized意识到；D. brought带来。根据后文“ he could offer his kidney”可知，通过测试，德里克意识到自己的肾脏可以移植给哥哥。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当他意识到他可以捐献自己的肾脏时，他的父母决定为布兰登安排一个终极惊喜的生日礼物。A. respond to回应；B. arrange for安排；C. seek for寻找；D. pass on传递。根据后文“the ultimate surprise birthday present”可知，父母决定安排这个生日惊喜给布兰登。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这对兄弟之间的关系非常亲密。A. equally同等地；B. originally最初地；C. conditionally有条件地；D. remarkably惊人地，非常地。根据后文“They grew up together, loved each other and always ___9___ each other’s backs.”可知，兄弟二人的关系非常亲密。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们一起长大，彼此相爱，总是互相支持。A. appreciated感激；B. hit打击；C. had拥有；D. observed观察。根据前文“They grew up together, loved each other”可知，他们一起成长，关心彼此，支持彼此。had one’s back表示“支持某人”。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天，布兰登收到了一张生日贺卡。他的兄弟德里克走在他身后，布兰登开始读：“亲爱的布兰登，我非常感谢有你这样的哥哥。你将永远拥有我的一颗心，现在你也将拥有我的肾。我们是绝配。”A. card卡片；B. cake蛋糕；C. song歌曲；D. party聚会。根据后文“Brandon began to ___11___”可知，他收到一张生日贺卡。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天，布兰登收到了一张生日贺卡。他的兄弟德里克走在他身后，布兰登开始读：“亲爱的布兰登，我非常感谢有你这样的哥哥。你将永远拥有我的一颗心，现在你也将拥有我的肾。我们是绝配。”A. recall回想；B. read阅读；C. consult咨询；D. announce宣告。根据前文“Brandon was presented with a birthday ___10__”可知，布兰登收到生日贺卡，开始读贺卡上的内容。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天，布兰登收到了一张生日贺卡。他的兄弟德里克走在他身后，布兰登开始读：“亲爱的布兰登，我非常感谢有你这样的哥哥。你将永远拥有我的一颗心，现在你也将拥有我的肾。我们是绝配。”A. relaxed放松的；B. eager渴望的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. thankful感激的。根据前文“They grew up together, loved each other and always ___9___each other’s backs.”可知，兄弟二人亲密无间，德里克很感激有这样的哥哥。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天，布兰登收到了一张生日贺卡。他的兄弟德里克走在他身后，布兰登开始读：“亲爱的布兰登，我非常感谢有你这样的哥哥。你将永远拥有我的一颗心，现在你也将拥有我的肾。我们是绝配。”A. match匹配；B. balance平衡；C. team团队；D. family家人。根据前文“You will always have a piece of my heart, and now you will have my kidney”可知，德里克认为兄弟二人从小就分享一切，现在哥哥还要移植他的肾脏，他俩是绝配的搭档。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他似乎真的被他哥哥无私的举动所震惊。A. motivated激励；B. shocked使震惊；C. amused逗乐；D. confused使迷惑。根据前文“Brandon broke into happy tears.”可知，弟弟无私的举动震惊了布兰登。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：捐献肾脏对捐赠者来说是困难的，接受手术和康复的挑战也是一项不小的壮举。A. necessary必要的；B. unforgettable难忘的；C. difficult困难的；D. beneficial有益的。根据前文“Donating a kidney”及后文“taking on the challenge of surgery and recovery is no small feat”可知，捐献器官对于捐赠者来说是一个艰难的决定，同样敢于接受手术的挑战也不容易。故选C项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hangzhou is the capital and a ___36___ (center) city of Zhejiang Province. Located on the lower reaches of the Qiantang River in southeast China, a superior position in the Yangtze Delta and only 180 km from Shanghai, Hangzhou is one of China’s most popular travel ___37___ (destination).
The West Lake, ___38___ is famous for the scenic beauty that ___39___ (natural) mixes with many famous historical and cultural sites, is a landmark of Hangzhou. The “Ten West Lake Prospects”, ___40___ (select) from the most frequently visited attractions around the lake, give travelers a full view of the city’s highlights. Taking a walk along the lake, you’ll have a better understanding of its time-honored reputation ___41___ “Heaven on Earth”.
The local dishes in Hangzhou ___42___ (be) famous for their complex preparation, sophisticated cooking and refreshing taste. Many local specialties (特色菜) will surely make your visit ___43___ exciting experience. Visitors are recommended ___44___ (try) the Beggar’s Chicken, West Lake Fish in Sweet Sour Source, Dongpo Pork and Fried Shrimps with Longjing Tea.
At night, the city has much to offer. Teahouses ____45____ various kinds of bars are both popular. Choosing one overlooking the West Lake for a pleasant chat over a cup of tea is sure to make you feel totally relaxed and refreshed.
【答案】36. central
37. destinations
38. which 39. naturally
40. selected
41. as 42. are
43. an 44. to try
45. and
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了杭州的美景和美食。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：杭州是浙江省的省会和中心城市。根据“city”可知，空处需填形容词作定语，central作形容词，表示“中心的”，符合句意。故填central。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：杭州是中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一。one of +形容词最高级+名词复数表示“最……之一”。故填destinations。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：西湖，以风景秀丽而闻名，与许多著名的历史文化遗址自然地混合在一起，是杭州的一个地标。分析句子结构可知，“__3___ is famous for the scenic beauty”是非限制性定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词是“The West Lake”，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：西湖，以风景秀丽而闻名，与许多著名的历史文化遗址自然地混合在一起，是杭州的一个地标。根据“mixes with”可知，空处需填副词作状语，修饰动词。故填naturally。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“西湖十景”，是从西湖周围最常参观的景点中选出的，让游客可以全面了解这座城市的亮点。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“give”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“The “Ten West Lake Prospects””和“select”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填selected。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：沿着西湖散步，你会对西湖素有“人间天堂”的美誉有更深的了解。根据句意可知，西湖是作为“人间天堂”而被人熟知的。介词as表示“作为”，符合句意。故填as。
【42题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：杭州的地方菜以其复杂的准备，精致的烹饪和清新的味道而闻名。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是“The local dishes”，故填are。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：许多当地的特色菜一定会使你的旅行成为一次令人兴奋的经历。根据“exciting experience”可知，空处 需填冠词，此处泛指“一次激动的经历”，故用不定冠词，exciting以元音音素开头。故填an。
【44题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：建议游客们尝试一下叫花鸡、西湖糖醋鱼、东坡肉和龙井茶虾仁。recommend sb to do sth表示“推荐某人做某事”，用动词不定式作宾补，被动形式为sb be recommended to do sth。故填to try。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：茶馆和各种酒吧都很受欢迎。根据句意可知，“Teahouses”和“various kinds of bars”是并列关系。故填and。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是校英语网站负责人，现在网站要为新栏目Enjoy Reading征集照片，请你写一则通知。要点如下：
1. 照片内容要求；
2. 截止日期。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
NOTICE
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The School English Website
December 15th, 2023
【答案】One possible version：
NOTICE
To enrich the new column “Enjoy Reading” on our school’s English website, I’d like to invite you to send your favorite pictures to us.
The column is designed to encourage students to enjoy reading and develop a good habit of reading. Therefore, the pictures you take must be related to reading, such as the books you like, the scene of people reading, and so on. If interested, you can send your pictures before the deadline of December 31.
Looking forward to your works!
The School English Website
December 15th, 2023
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一则通知，为新栏目Enjoy Reading征集照片，说明照片内容要求、截止日期。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
旨在：be designed to→be meant to/be aimed at
鼓励：encourage→inspire
养成……的好习惯：develop a good habit of→form/get into a good habit of
与……有关：be related to→relate to/be connected with
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：If interested, you can send your pictures before the deadline of December 31.
拓展句：If you are interested, you can send your pictures before the deadline of December 31.
【点睛】【高分句型1】To enrich the new column “Enjoy Reading” on our school’s English website, I’d like to invite you to send your favorite pictures to us.(使用了不定式作目的状语、宾语、宾补)
【高分句型2】Therefore, the pictures you take must be related to reading, such as the books you like, the scene of people reading, and so on. (使用了省略关系词的定语从句、动名词的复合结构作宾语)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was eight years old when I first experienced the feeling of guilt. Then I had three close friends, David, Kyle and Richard, and I could rely on them for anything. We did everything together, from playing four square and handball at break, to eating lunch at our own spot. We hung out every second we could.
It was a Wednesday at school and that morning I didn’t have breakfast. My stomach growled (咆哮) every 10 minutes louder and louder. I felt like the whole class could hear my stomach. I constantly stared at the clock go tick tock, tick tock for hours. As soon as the bell rang for lunch, our teacher led the line to the dining hall, but when I checked my pockets to see if I brought my money, I only had a dollar. I was angry that I left my money at home and desperate to have lunch. So, I quickly asked my teacher to use the restroom, ran up the stairs to see all the backpacks hung up against the wall and saw my friend Richard’s bag.
I looked around to see if anyone was near and found no one was in sight. As I opened the bag and saw a whole bag of coins, I decided to take eight of them. Then I bought my lunch and carried on through the day like nothing had happened.
When school was over, Jamba Juice came to sell smoothies (冰沙). I had totally forgotten once a month on Wednesdays Jamba Juice would sell smoothies for five dollars. I was already satisfied with the lunch, and didn’t even bother caring for a smoothie. Everyone wanted a smoothie and the whole school and their parents were in the line waiting.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I walked with my friends to the line.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I didn’t have enough sleep that night.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 I walked with my friends to the line. When Richard got his bag of coins out, he asked me, “Do you want to buy a smoothie ” I said, “No. I didn’t bring money for it.” After we approached the front of the line, David and Kyle ordered a smoothie each, while Richard ordered two, one of which he handed me. I was in disbelief. How generous he was! Right then, I felt the feeling of guilt. Knowing that I stole from a friend with a warm heart made me miserable.
I didn’t have enough sleep that night. The next day, I felt depressed. I told my mother that I wasn’t feeling well, so she let me stay at home that day. Thinking twice, I knew I had to apologized to Richard. When Friday morning approached, I found Richard and told him what I had done to him on Wednesday, giving his money back. He accepted my apology and told me I should have asked for it because we’re friends. That week changed me a lot, which made me aware of the effect of committing a sinful act.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索，讲述了作者八岁的时候第一次体会到了内疚的感受。他有一天忘记带午饭的钱，于是偷了好朋友Richard袋子里的钱。Richard用钱买冰沙的时候询问了作者是否也想要，作者说自己没带买冰沙的钱，于是Richard给作者也买了一份，这让作者心里五味杂陈。作者内疚得晚上睡不着，思来想去，作者决定向Richard道歉，并归还Richard的钱。Richard接受了作者的道歉。作者从这件事上体会到了承认错误的影响。
【详解】1. 续写线索：
①由续写第一段首句“我和朋友们一起去排队。”可知，第一段可以描写朋友们一起买冰沙，Richard询问了作者是否也想要一份冰沙并且也给作者买了一份，这让作者对自己的行为感到痛苦。
②由续写第二段首句“那天晚上我睡眠不足。”可知，第二段可以描写作者因为内疚而睡不好，内心非常沮丧，于是第二天不去上学了，思来想后他向Richard道歉并归还了钱，这件事让作者明白了承认错误的影响。
2. 段落续写：排队买冰沙——Richard掏出钱袋并询问作者是否想吃——Richard给了作者一份冰沙——作者感觉很内疚——晚上睡不好——第二天不去上学——思考后决定道歉并还钱——Richard接受了作者的道歉——感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①慎重考虑：think twice/think carefully
②向……道歉：apologize to/make an apology to
③归还：give back/return
情绪类
①内疚：guilt/ compunction
②痛苦的：miserable/painful
③沮丧的：depressed/upset
【点睛】【高分句型1】After we approached the front of the line, David and Kyle ordered a smoothie each, while Richard ordered two, one of which he handed me.(使用了After引导时间状语从句、while连接并列句、“介词+which”引导非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】When Friday morning approached, I found Richard and told him what I had done to him on Wednesday, giving his money back. (使用了When引导时间状语从句、what引导宾语从句、现在分词作状语)
