2023年中考英语复习介词课件(共34张PPT)

(共34张PPT)
Proposition 介词
Lesson 5
Proposition
CONTENTS
介词定义
01
表示时间的介词
02
表示地点和方位
的介词
03
表示手段、工具、
方式的介词
04
其他常用介词
05
部分介词短语
06
介词，是一种虚词，不能单独使用，必须加上宾语构成介词短语，或者加不及物动词构成动词短语，才能充当语法成分。
一、介词定义
二、表示时间的介词
1、常考at、on、in：
at 多用于具体的钟点时刻前，也可用于固定搭配， at eight o'clock
at the age of five
at noon，at night
on 主要用在星期几，具体某一天或某一天的早中晚 on June 1st
on a cold evening
on Monday
in 表示年，月，世纪，四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上 in 1997
in May
in the twenty-first century
in Spring
in the morning
注意: 在以this,that,next,last等限定词开始的表示时间的单词
或词组前不用介词。
I will go to Beijing next Monday.
二、表示时间的介词
2、区别after和in：
after “after+一段时间”，表示从过去某时间往后推算一段时间，用于一般过去时. “after +时间点”，常用于一般将来时 （也有过去式）. They came back after two days.
They will be free after 2 o’clock this afternoon.
in in +一段时间，表示从现在起往后推算一段时间，用于一般将来时 They will be back in two days.
二、表示时间的介词
3、其他常见时间介词：
from from(from...to...) 说明开始的时间，可用于过去、 现在、将来的时态 We go to school from Monday to Friday.
for “for +一段时间”，指动作延续贯穿 整个过程，常用于现在完成时 (用延续性动词） They have been here for 5 days.
二、表示时间的介词
since “since +时间点”，指从某时一直延续至今，用于现在完成时 They have been here since 5 days ago.
They have been here since the meeting began.
until until 用于肯定句时，意为“直到......为止”，谓语动词为延续性动词； 用于否定句时，(not..until)意为“直到…才”，谓语动词为瞬间动词 Please stay here until the meeting is over.
I didn’t go to bed until my mother came home yesterday.
三、表示地点和方位的介词
at , in in , on , to
at 表示“某一点的位置或具体位置” at + 小地点 in 表示“在某一个范围内” in + 大地点 in 表示“在某一个范围内”
on 表示“两地接壤”
to 表示“两地相隔”
He arrived at the village late last night. He arrived in Beijing 2 hours ago. Zhuhai is in Guangdong.
Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.
Hainan is to the south of Guangdong.
哪些是大地点？
哪些是小地点？
三、表示地点和方位的介词
between ，among across ， past ，through
between 表示“在两者之间” between...and... among表示“在(三者或以上)之中”
across 表示“表面横过”
past 表示“侧面经过”
through 表示“内部穿过”
I sit between Jane and Mary. The song is very popular among teenagers. across the street / river
through the forest / window
Don’t forget to call me when walking past my house.
三、表示地点和方位的介词
on ，over ，above below ，under
on 表示“在…的表面上”，两者有接触. over 表示“在……的正上方”，多暗示悬空，反义词为under . above 表在……的上方，但不一定在正上方，也不接触另一物，反义词为below. below 表示“在……的下方”
under 表示“在……的正下方”
There is a book on the desk. There is a bridge over the river. There is a bird flying above the bridge. Please do not write below this line.
There is a book under the desk.
三、表示地点和方位的介词
at ，beside ，by ，near ，next to
at 泛指在某个位置
beside 常用语，表示“在……旁边”
by 强调“紧贴” ，比near更近
near 表示“在……附近”，比 by 表示 的距离远得多
next to 表在……的旁边 =beside
She’s at the table.
She sits beside John.
She sits by John.
She stands near John.
She stands next to John.
三、表示地点和方位的介词
四、表示手段、工具、方式的介词
by 表示用某种方法、手段或交通工具 By + doing sth. 通过做某事 by Internet,
by selling flowers,
by bike
in 表示用某种方式，后可接表示语言、声音、颜色、材料等名词 in English,
in low voice ,
in red ,
in ink（墨水）
with 表示用某种具体的工具或手段 write with a pen
on 表示用某种方式，后可接表示交通工具、手段、通讯 方式等名词 on the telephone,
on the radio,
on TV
through 表示“以，通过，经由” through hard work
注意:
在表示手段时，by, through, with 有时也可互换，但 with 的意思更明确 。
四、表示手段、工具、方式的介词
Through / By / With her efforts, she succeeded in making so many useful inventions.
五、其他常用介词
except besides but except 指从整体中排除，意为“除 了 ……(不包括在内)”，常与表示完全肯定或完全否定的词连用 All of us went to the zoo last Sunday except John.
besides 指除了…之外(还有), 表示累加关系,常与 also, other, another 等连用 All of us went to the zoo last Sunday besides John.
but 表示“除了…之外”，多与nobody, nothing 等否定词连用。当but前有do时，but后接动词原形 There is nothing but a bed in the room.
五、其他常用介词
for 表示对象或用途，意为“给，对” It's a book for children.
表示目的，“为了” I've bought him a watch for his birthday.
表示去向，意为“往，向” Is this the bus for Chicago
against 表示“反对，违背”， play against意为“与…对抗或比赛”，be strongly against意为“强烈反对” 其他意思“靠着，碰着” We played against Class 9 yesterday afternoon.
beyond 表示“超出，多于，为…所不能及”，用来修饰范围、水平、限度和能力等 The problem is far beyond me. I’m afraid I can’t work it out.
五、其他常用介词
as 表示“作为，以…身份”，后面接表示职业、职务、身份的名词 He is famous as a writer.
like 表示“像……一样”，用于说明相似关系 The girl looks like her father.
with 表示“和，同，与……，带着，随着” I often go shopping with my mother.
Do you like your tea with milk and sugar
without 表示“没有” I can’t finish the task without your help.
六、部分介词短语
at the same time 同时
be different from 与……不同
be tired of 厌倦
be similar to 为…所熟悉
be patient with 对……有耐心
六、部分介词短语
be made of 由...制成（看得出原材料） in trouble/danger = at risk 处于困境/危险中
be made from 由...制成（看不出原材料） on one's way to (on one's way home) 某人去某处的路上
in style 流行，时髦 in order 有序地
at the top of 在...顶部 in the end 最后
at the age of 在...岁时 at the end of 在...结尾/末端
in the middle of 在...中间 on duty 值日
on show 展出 on display 陈列，展览
六、部分介词短语
on business 出差 as a result 结果
with the help of 在...帮助下 in fact 事实上
on time 按时；准时 wait for 等待
in time 及时 laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人
in general 通常，大体上 listen to 听
as usual 照常 get to 到达
for example 例如 regard ...as 把...当做...
六、部分介词短语
depend on 依靠，取决于 be good/bad for 对...有好处/坏处
deal with 处理，交易 be harmful to 对..有害处
be popular with 受...欢迎 do harm to 对...有害处
be proud of 为..而自豪 be interested in 对...感兴趣
take pride in 为...而自豪 be successful in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上成功
be full of 充满 agree with sb. 同意某人
be filled with 充满 agree on sth. 同意某事
六、部分介词短语
in the distance 在远处 be kind to 对……和蔼
in fact 事实上 be polite to 对…有礼貌
in a hurry 匆忙，急忙 thanks to 多亏，由于
in space 在太空 to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的事
in silence 安静地 ask sb. for 向某人要...
be crazy about 对付…热衷/疯狂 die of 死于（内因）
be worried about 对……担忧 die from 死于（外因）
六、部分介词短语
die for 为...而死 be helpful to 对...有帮助
do well in/be good at 擅长... be mad at 对...愤怒
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 be afraid of 对...害怕
hear from 收到...来信 be angry with sb. 对某人生气
pass away 去世 be strict with sb. 对某人严格
be famous for 因...而出名 be strict about sth. 对某事严格
be famous as 作为（身份、职业）...而出名 be strict in doing sth. 在做某事上严格
六、部分介词短语
be friendly to 对...友好 because of（+名词） 因为
be ready for 为...做准备 be different from 与...不同
be busy with sth. 忙于某事 be surprised at 对……吃惊
be busy in doing sth. 忙于做某事 be satisfied with 对……满意
be late for 迟到 have nothing to do with 与…无关
after all 毕竟 believe in 相信
according to 根据 get along/on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽
一、单项选择：
1、—Anyone who is _________ the law will be arrested(逮捕).
— I agree. Law is fair to everyone.
A．for B．against C．breaking D．obeying
2、The moonlight goes ____ the window and makes the room bright.
A．across B．through C．over D．in
3、On_____ that good news, the little girl couldn't help jumping.
A．hear B．to hear C．hearing D．heard
4、The world’s oldest giant panda died last year____37 years old, over 100 in human years.
A．at B．on C．for D．in
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5、—Lucy, do you know March 21st is World Sleep Day
—Yes, let's get rid of bad sleeping habits and form better ones ___ World Sleep Day.
A．with B．in C．on D．for
6、Mrs. Brown worked in the west of Australia ________ last summer.
A．/ B．on C．in D．since
7、There is going to be an English movie in our school ________ the evening of June 30.
A．at B．in C．for D．on
8、My grandma likes taking a walk ________ clear days.
A．at B．on C．in D．from
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9、There is a bed ______ the corner of the room.
A．on B．at C．in D．with
10、My school is ______ our city.
A．to the east of B．at the east of
C．in the east of D．on the east of
11、They will build a new railroad ________the two cities.
A．since B．between C．as D．during
12、Nowadays many customers prefer to pay______WeChat when shopping.
A．to B．at C．by D．in
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13、Don't write ________ a pencil! Use a pen.
A．in B．on C．by D．with
14、We need to finish writing a book review___ English this weekend.
A．in B．at C．off D．by
15、— Who's the boy ________glasses
— It's me. I like wearing glasses when I go out.
A．by B．of C．on D．with
16、The woman left the room ________ saying a word.
A．with B．without C．on D．in
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17、All the guests in the hotel died after the earthquake _______ him, because he was awake and ran out in time.
A．except B．beside C．with D．besides
18、Our teachers also love us so deeply________our parents.
A．except B．besides C．including
19、She looked sad，but said nothing. So we never understood what was ________ that day.
A．on her mind B．in all C．in order D．of her age
20、—I’m sorry,sir. I took your umbrella _______. —Never mind.
A．by the time B．by the way
C．by accident D．by mistake
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21、I really can’t see anything. His head is________ of my view.
A．on the way B．in the way
C．by the way D．in this way
22、Six people were dead ________ the accident.
A．resulted in B．resulted from
C．as a result D．as a result of
23、Many people went to work for the factory _________ its high wages（工资）.
A．as B．with C．because D．because of
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24、The socks are ________ sale. They’re very cheap, only 1.5 yuan.
A．in B．at C．on D．of
25、This kind of paper is _________ grass.
A．made of B．made from C．made in D．made for
26、The Communist Party of China will have its 100th birthday ________ July 1st, 2021.
A．in B．on C．for D．at
27、Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Bridge ________ the sea helps people travel conveniently.
A．over B．by C．in D．or
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28、In order to protect the environment, many people choose to go to work _________ subway.
A．in B．on C．by
29、It is going to rain. Take an umbrella ________ you.
A．with B．at C．in D．from
30、Although the man is in his eighties, he grows vegetables _______ in his garden.
A．in public B．in person C．in silence D．in fact
31、______ the kind-hearted lady, the homeless boy has a new family.
A．Thanks to B．Thank to C．Thanks for D．Thank for
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Thank You ！