牛津译林版（2020）必修第二册Unit 1 Lights, Camera, Action! Grammar and Usage 课件(共34张PPT)

(共34张PPT)
主谓一致
Subject-verb Agreement
观察下列句子
我是小猫→I am a cat.
你是小猫→You are a cat.
他是小猫→He is a cat.
我们是小猫→We are cats.
“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式。
在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则: 语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
什么是主谓一致？
谓语动词用单数的情况
1.可数名词单数；不可数名词；代词单数；不定代词
Rice is mainly grown in the south of China.
水稻主要种植在中国的南方。
The milk in the fridge is fresh.
冰箱里的牛奶是新鲜的。
Nobody knows the answer.
没有人知道答案
What he said has been recorded.
他说的话已经被录音了。
To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.
每天清晨朗读英语对你有好处
Reading often means learning.
读书常意味着学习。
2.单个从句、不定式、动名词作主语
Time waits for no man.
时间不待人。
Money means nothing to him.
金钱对于他来说毫无价值。
Three thousand kilometres is not very far.
三千公里并不是很远。
Eight kilograms is too heavy.
八公斤太重了
3.表时间、价钱、距离、重量、数目、长度、体积、面积、数学运算作为一个整体概念，作主语
4.表国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词
The United States is in North America.
美国在北美洲。
One Thousand And One Night tells people lots of folk tales.
《一千零一夜》给人们讲了很多民间故事。
Mathematics is my favorite subject.
数学是我最喜欢的学科。
6. 以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛作主语时。
Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America.
落基山脉坐落在北美洲西部。
5. 以-s结尾的表示学科名称的名词作主语。
（如：maths、mathematics、 physics、 economics 、gymnastics等）
7. 并列主语作为不可分的整体时
law and rule 法规
knife and fork 刀叉
war and peace 战争与和平
science and technology 科学与技术
A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.
The knife and fork has been washed.
War and peace is a constant theme in history.
9. one
each
every one
each one
anyone
of+复数名词+V.单数
Each of the houses was slightly different.
8. each、either、neither、another、 the other作主语或后跟名词单数作主语
each……and each....
every……and every....
no……and no.....
many a……and many a…
Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their parents.
每个人都有充分的理由为他们父母所做的工作感到骄傲。
Each boy and each girl has been invited to the party.
每个男孩和女孩都被邀请来参加聚会。
+V.单数
10. 并列主语前有each, every, many a, no等修饰。
11. 固定短语
（1）many a+名词单数+V.单数
（许多）
（2）more than one+名词单数+V.单数
（不止一个）
(3) a/an+名词单数+or two+V.单数
Many a good man has been destroyed by drink.
许多好人都毁在了饮酒上。
谓语动词用复数的情况
1.复数名词、复数代词
2. both…and…连接并列主语
3. the+姓氏的复数 表“夫妇两人或一家人”作主语时
The Chinese _______ hard-working.(be)
4. the+国家 表示某国人的总称做主语时（如the Chinese, the British, the Irish等）谓语动词用复数。
are
5. police, cattle，people，youth等集合名词 作主语，谓语动词用复数
The police ___________(search) for the murderer now.
are searching
6.表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks , glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves 等作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式.
Glasses ______ (is, are) sometimes important to a person's image（形象）.
are
The pair of glasses_______ (make) Deng Chao more handsome.
makes
但如与a kind of, the kind of, a pair of, the pair of等连用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式.
7.one or two+名词复数+V.复数
8.more+名词复数+than one
(不止一个)
9.we/you/they或名词复数+each 作主语，谓语动词用复数
The students each have much homework.
就近原则
谓语动词的形式由离它最近的主语而定
A or B
Either A or B
Neither A nor B
Not only A but also B
Not A but B
动词形式由B决定
Here
There
+ be
A and B
A , B and C
动词形式由A决定
就远原则
谓语动词的形式由离它最远的主语而定
Deng Chao as well as other members of Running Man _____ (be) going to take part in the show.
is
Tom, together with his parents_____ (be) going to watch the TV show--Running Man.
is
A+ with/ along with/ together with/ as well as/ besides/ like/ without/ except/ including/ rather than/ but +B 作主语，谓语动词根据____来确定形式。
A
其他情况
V.单复数要分类讨论
1.某些集合名词如family, team, class, crowd, group, audience
如强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
The family _____all fond of football.
The family______the smallest unit of society.
are
is
2.有些名词单复数同形，如：sheep，deer，fish，crossroads， means, works 根据表达的意思决定用单数还是复数
All possible means have been tried.
Every possible means has been tried.
3. all作主语指人时，谓语动词用复数；指物时，谓语动词常用单数。
All have arrived here now.现在大家都到了。
All was silent.万籁俱寂。
4. 主语中的名词或代词由分数、百分数或some of（一些）、most of（大部分）、he rest of（其余的），half of（……的一半）、a part of（部分的）、the majority/minority of …的大多数/少数等短语限定时，谓语动词的单复数由其后的名词决定.
20％ of the people in the city are the old.
Part of his story was not true.
5. 多个非谓语动词或从句作主语，表达同一概念用单数，表达不同概念用复数。
Going to bed early and getting up early is good for your health.
Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.
6. The +形容词 作主语, 表示一类人时, 谓语动词用复数;
表示抽象概念时, 谓语动词用单数
The young are always full of vitality(活力).
The good is what people like.
The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet.
The Premier and the Foreign Minister were present at the state banquet.
总理兼外交部长出席了国宴。
总理和外交部长都出席了国宴。
指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只能用一个冠词；
指不同的人或物时，并列主语前需要分别加冠词。
7. 由and 连接主语时, 并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时, 谓语动词用复数; 并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时, 谓语动词用单数.
Those who have seen the film please put up your hands.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is our chairman.
8. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that, who, which等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应视先行词的单复数而定。
9. one of+the+名词复数+定语从句（V.复数）
the （only） one of+the+名词复数+定语从句（V.单数）
He is one of the teachers in our school who know Japanese.
He is the only one of the teachers in our school who knows Janpanese.
1. A great number of tourists ______(has) been to the
Great Wall.
have
2. The number of workers who were out of work ______
1,000.
was
10. a number of + 复数名词 +谓语动词的复数形式
the number of + 复数名词 +谓语动词的单数形式
Large quantities of time _____ (is, are) spent on dress rehearsal(彩排)
A large quantity of money ________ (has, have) been earned through this show.
are
has
11. a quantity/amount of
quantities/amounts of 后可接可数/不可数名词作主语：
quantities/amounts of后的谓语动词总用_______。
a quantity/amount of后名词是中心词，谓语动词取决于后面的名词
是否可数；
复数
All of the apples ____rotten.
所有的苹果都烂了。
All of the apple ____rotten.
整个苹果都烂了。
are
is
None of the money_____ left.
没有剩下一点钱。
None of the students _____ there.
没有一个学生在那里；
学生都还没在那里。
is
is/are
12. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语或修饰主语时, 谓语动词视情况而定。
What she said ____ (be) correct.
What she left me ___ (be) old books.
is
are
13. what引导从句作主语，通常谓语动词用单数；但如
所指意义为复数，谓语动词用复数
14. 一个名词单数或不可数名词被几个用and连接的形容词修饰，指一件事，V.单数；指几件事，V.复数
Simple and plain living is a fine quality.
English and American literature are appealing to me.
Thanks