中考英语一轮复习：25语篇理解之词句猜测题精读精练 (含解析)
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中考英语一轮复习
语篇理解之词义猜测题
(
考点复习
1
)
英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类：（1）旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义；如：Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the nation’s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.我们学过 course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。根据上下文 course是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断 course在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。（2）合成词、转化词与派生词，如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，decision-thinking，imperfect等；（3）“灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解；（4）“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景（5）超纲生词。
猜测词义是应用英语的重要能力，也是中考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
近年来，词义猜测题有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。
【命题趋势】
1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。
3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】
The underlined word “…” in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.
By saying “…” in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______.
In paragraph …, “…” can be replaced by “______”.
The meaning of “…” in paragraph… is related to ______.
Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)
The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____.
【应试技巧】
词义猜测题的解答需要考生根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
1．构词法猜词
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
【典例示例】
…Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.” …
70. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means .
A. value B. result
C. performance D. connection
【答案】B
【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组come out 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。
2．利用同义近义词猜词
在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
【典例示例】
…Fermat’s Last Theorem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. …
65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text
A. To encourage people to raise questions.
B. To cause difficulty in understanding.
C. To provide a person with an explanation.
D. To limit people’s imagination.
【答案】B
【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。
3．利用反义词猜词
对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
【典例示例】
...A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. …
74.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thought.
C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble.
D. A demand made by guests.
【答案】C
【解析】根据前句的否定doesn’t与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty, trouble相近。答案为C。
4．利用上下文语境猜词
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来中考考查的热点。
【典例示例】
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
……
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. End one’s struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one’s energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
52.D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。
5．利用定义和解释猜词
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
【典例示例】
“Organic produce is always better, ” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides (农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally (本地)grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.
62. What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text
A. Growing interest in organic food.
B. Better quality of organic food.
C. Rising market for organic food.
D. Higher prices of organic food.
【答案】A
【解析】由Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying something可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gold一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。
6．根据语义转折猜词
有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。
【典例示例】
…However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject.
…
71. In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_____”.
A. try very hard B. take our time
C. are very unhappy D. feel especially painful
【答案析】A
【解析】由However从句当中的at first glance（乍一眼看上去），与下文中的take special pains进行对比，既然不是一眼就看出那么简单，那么自然要费力去想了。由此可以推断出A项为最佳选项。
7．利用经验和常识猜词
【典例示例】
…“I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40, blue lights and sirens(警笛) going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway. The driver somehow panicked at the sight of me. He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder.”
63. The meaning of “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related to ___________ .
A. shame B. hate C. anger D. fear
【答案】D
【解析】根据本段内容描述，可以知道panicked 意思是“惊慌”，相当于fear。
(
知识强化
2
)
一、阅读单选
1
Some people think that singing can lift our spirits (精神). There are some other people who don’t think so. They don’t like singing and they say singing can never make them happy. I don’t agree with that. I think singing can make us feel good. Of course they can lift our spirits. Let me tell you more about that.
Some researchers once did some surveys and have proved that is true. Singing can bring numbers of health benefits (益处). If you sing with your friends, the effects may be even better.
John Lennon is a retired professor of vocal (音的) performance at Emporia State University. He says, “Singing is an inborn (天生的) need. Babies sing to themselves and they seem so happy. Like babies, when we sing, we feel so good and singing makes us feel happy. I like singing and I am happy every day.”
Music is a part of human nature. And singing is a form of expression that is understood by everyone. Some people say that music is like a kind of language. The language can show people’s opinions and attitudes (态度) to their life. Some songs can cheer people up when they are in trouble. Some songs can make people happy and excited. That’s why the Voice of China is popular among people.
1. What can singing bring
A. Health benefits. B. Mental problems. C. Happiness and wealth. D. Some pressure.
2. What does the underlined word expression probably mean in Chinese.
A. 表达 B. 表情 C. 运动 D. 放松
3. Why is the Voice of China popular
A. Because all the singers are good at singing and dancing.
B. Because some songs make people happy and excited.
C. Because all the singers look nice in fashionable clothes.
D. Because the songs are written by the singers themselves.
4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Everyone thinks singing can lift our spirits.
B. There are some people who don’t like singing.
C. If you sing in a group, the effects may be worse.
D. Babies never sing to themselves.
5. What’s the best title for the passage
A. The importance of music B. The history of music
C. People’s health problems D. The benefits of singing
2
For a long time being, happy was considered something that just happened, and there was nothing special about it. Now we know that getting along with other people is something that we can work at. It is possible to act in such a way that other people will like us better. One way is being unselfish, not wanting everything from our friends. Another way is to look for good points, not bad ones in other people. It is surprising how successful this treasure (珍宝) hunt can be.
You don’t have to be spineless (没有骨气的) in order to be popular. In fact, you will be liked and respected if you are not afraid to stand up for your rights. But do it politely and pleasantly. Being friendly and polite to your group, to other people and to strangers and especially to those who do not look important or do not interest you is one way to develop a good character.
You can not expect to be perfect, and you must learn not to be unhappy when you make mistakes. Everyone makes mistakes, and no one is to be blamed (责备) unless he refuses to learn from them. Many young people become discouraged when they know in themselves qualities that they do not like-selfishness, laziness, and other unpleasant qualities. Just remember that we all have some of these faults and have to fight against them.
At the same time, it is important to remember that, while you are probably no worse than others, the best way to be happy is to think yourself above other people. When something is wrong, it is good sense to try to make it right. Perhaps you don’t like a teacher or a classmate. Try to see why and look at yourself, too, to be sure that you are not doing anything to make that person dislikes you. Some day, things may turn out all right and then you will have to learn to get along the best with situation, without thinking too much about it. Worrying never helps in a situation you can’t change.
6. One of the two ways, the author suggested for us to get along with others is ________.
A. to look for treasure to be successful B. to draw much attention of our friends
C. to ask for the best share of everything D. to pay more attention to others’ advantages
7. According to the passage, if one wants to be popular, one has to ________.
A. be polite and friendly B. give up some rights
C. praise other people D. be ready to change himself
8. The passage infers (暗示) that in order to be a happy person, one should consider oneself ________.
A. no better than others B. be able to change a bad situation
C. not the same as others D. be able to find others to help you
9. What does the underlined “faults” in paragraph 3 mean
A. 优点 B. 缺点 C. 问题 D. 困惑
10. The purpose for the writer to write the passage is to ________.
A. help you to be perfect in your life B. tell you how to act in new situations
C. show you some ways to be happy D. teach you how to be popular at school
3
Have you ever wondered if you see the same colors as other people Most people know what blue is when they see it. They see the color and call it “blue” because they were taught the word and connected it with what they saw. But how do you know what you see as blue isn’t someone else’s red
The ability to see colors depends on receptors (感受器) in our eyes. Light waves hit these receptors which will send information to the brain. The brain then deals with the information to make sure which color light the eyes are receiving. Some people’s receptors are more developed than others. People with weaker receptors usually have color blindness. That the receptor can’t translate the light waves correctly means some people cannot tell different shades of a color.
In the past, most scientists argued that everyone saw colors in the same way. However, research was done on monkeys, in which they were injected (注射) with a virus to influence their receptors. This made them understand more about colors than usual and brought an interesting discovery. Normally, monkeys can only see blue and green, but the virus allowed monkeys to see red. Their brains were made to be able to understand new colors, which might mean the brains are not instinctive (本能的) to understand which color is which. This shows that our brains may get used to new information depending on what they receive during the development. Color could be a very personal experience to everyone.
So, the next time you talk about your favorite color, just remember if yours is blue and your friend says red, you might actually be thinking about the same color. What if everyone in the world has the same favorite color, but just calls it different names.
11. Which is TRUE about people who have color blindness from paragraph 2
A. They cannot see light at all. B. They have developed receptors.
C. They can’t tell colors correctly. D. They can’t see any colors.
12. What does the underlined word “them” refer to in paragraph 3
A. Scientists B. Receptors C. Monkeys D. Brains
13. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage.
A. Monkeys can only see two colors at any time.
B. Our brains can understand colors instinctively.
C. Everyone has the same experience about a color.
D. The same color might be given different names.
14. What’s the passage mainly about
A. It tells people that different colors have different names.
B. People call a color blue because that’s how they were taught.
C. It mainly explains why people see the same color differently.
D. One’s favorite color is different from that of another one’s.
15. Where can you probably find this passage .
A. A science fiction. B. A science magazine. C. A story book. D. A guide book.
4
How are you feeling today If your head is uncomfortable because of a bad night’s sleep, or you’ve just got too much to do, the chances are you’re not in the best of feelings. If everything seems like an effort and you have a negative(消极的) opinion, the last thing you want to be told is to “be positive!” But having this mindset could get more advantages than you think.
Of course, developing a positive(积极的) opinion is easier said than done. When you’re feeling down, it is hard to be optimistic(乐观的). But a study in the US has found that people who are optimists are more likely to live longer than those who have a more negative opinion to life. It showed the possibility of positive people living to the age of 85 or more. So, maybe the thought of a longer life might encourage you to be more positive to life.
The study found that optimists may find it easier to control feelings and get less stressed. And as stress influences the immune system(免疫系统), it’s possible that optimists deal better with illness. Professor Lee, who worked on the study, said, “Our findings suggest that raising levels of optimism may lead to longer life and healthier ageing.” And she advises that pessimists (悲观主义者) could get better from doing things like imagining a future where everything turns out well.
But a glass half empty type of person can hardly see the world through hopeful glasses. If you’re the one among them, what could you do Accepting that we all have problems and we’re not all the same can help. It’s best to celebrate the positives and not think about the negative parts of our lives.
People have been sharing their personal advice on keeping a positive way to life. Vicki Siska says, “Music feeds my soul, and I have good friends who care for me.” The saying goes that “a healthy body leads a healthy mind” which is perhaps why other people have advised doing deep thinking as well as staying healthy to help keep a positive opinion about life.
16. From Paragraphs 1 & 2, we can learn that ________.
A. negative opinions lead to bad endings B. being positive isn’t as easy as we thought
C. “be positive” is enjoyed by pessimists D. optimistic people like to have a long life
17. According to Paragraph 3, the study found that ________.
A. optimists usually get more stressed B. pessimists are impossible to live long
C. optimists are easy to develop illness D. positive imagining is good for pessimists
18. The underlined part “glass half empty” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.
A. negative B. strong C. helpful D. outgoing
19. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A. The study found that pessimists could live to be 85 or a higher age.
B. Optimists are seldom ill because they have a good immune system.
C. Pessimists are those unlucky people who always have problems.
D. Positive opinions about life might lead to good physical health.
20. The passage mainly tells us ________.
A. to have a long life B. to treat life positively
C. the importance of health D. what optimists and pessimists are
5
Elephants are the largest land animals alive today. African elephants live in family groups called herds. All of the elephants in the herd take care of each other. The leader of the herd is an old mother elephant. She is the matriarch. A herd may have as few as eight or as many as 100 elephants. The other elephants follow the matriarch because she knows how to guard the family if danger appears. Adult male elephants go off to live on their own and start families.
Elephants learn by watching and copying other elephants, and from life. Baby elephants stay with their mothers until they are fully grown at about ten years old. Elephants live to be 50 or 60 years old. Elephants are intelligent animals with long memories. Even in a dry spell, a matriarch can remember where water was found in the past. The herd will follow her there. She can also remember the safest place for baby elephants to cross a fast-moving river.
Elephants talk to each other with low rumbling sounds. Some rumbling sounds are so deep that people are unable to hear them. Elephants hear sounds with their ears, the soles of their feet, and even their trunks(象鼻). They also greet each other by touching with their trunks and feet. If danger appears, mothers flap their ears to call their babies to them.
Other animals do not usually attack(袭击) elephants. However, a lion might try to attack a sick elephant or a baby. If this happens, everyone is on guard. The adult elephants circle around the baby elephants. The adults make loud trumpeting sounds and hit the ground with their trunks. The matriarch puts herself between the lion and the herd. She flaps her ears out to make herself look even larger. Then she lowers her head and charges the enemy in a big cloud of dust.
21. According to Paragraphs 1 & 2, the matriarch ________.
A. protects the herd B. just follows the herd
C. drinks water alone D. is the oldest elephant
22. Which of the following probably best explains “spell” underlined in Paragraph 2
A. Magician. B. Prediction. C. Period. D. Ability.
23. According to Paragraph 3, how do elephants communicate with each other
A. People can hear all the sounds of elephants.
B. Elephants can hear each other only with ears.
C. Elephants greet each other by flapping ears.
D. Elephants’ trunks can be used to communicate.
24. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. No elephants take care of baby elephants at the time of danger.
B. Baby elephants stay with their mothers as long as they want.
C. A matriarch can find the water because of the long memory.
D. When a lion attacks, adult elephants circle around the matriarch.
25. What’s the best title of the text
A. A Baby And A Matriarch. B. An Elephant Herd.
C. A Lion And An Elephant. D. An Elephant Matriarch.
6
Our school held many activities last week. We called it Road Safety Week. One of the educational activities was a speech given by a police officer. He shared something about the road safety. Here are some important points about his speech.
Most traffic accidents shouldn’t happen. They happen because people are careless. A frequent cause (原因) of traffic accidents is speed. Some people drive too fast. This means that if they have to stop suddenly, they cannot stop quickly enough to avoid (避免) hitting others. You need to remember this when you are crossing the street or walking along the sidewalk (人行道).
It’s not only drivers who cause accidents. However, people on foot-pedestrians (行人) , and bicycle riders often cause accidents, too. Pedestrians sometimes walk out into the street without looking. You should always look on both sides before stepping into the street.
Do any of you ride a bike Bicycle riders can cause accidents by changing directions suddenly or without warning other road users. Before you turn left, for example, you should check behind you to make sure there aren’t any cars, trucks or buses coming. You should show with your left hand to tell that you want to turn left. You should not turn until the street is clear.
The rules of the road are very simple. If we learn them and obey (遵守) them, we should not have accidents any more. There were more other activities in Road Safety Week. I hope every student could learn something.
26. Most traffic accidents shouldn’t happen if ________.
A. people are more careful B. people don’t know the rules
C. people cross the streets quickly D. people stop their cars suddenly
27. The underlined word “frequent” in the passage means ________ in Chinese.
A. 自由的 B. 罕见的 C. 频繁的 D. 所有的
28. What shouldn’t the riders do when riding bikes on the street
A. Making sure there aren’t any cars coming.
B. Warning other road users before crossing the street.
C. Showing with your right hand to tell that you want to turn right.
D. Changing directions suddenly or without warning other road users.
29. From the police officer’s speech, we can learn the following except that (除了) ________.
A. riding bikes is the most dangerous
B. it’s not only drivers who cause traffic accidents
C. some people have accidents because they drive too quickly
D. obeying the rules of the road may stop you from having accidents
30. Which of the following is the best title of this passage
A. Safety First B. Road Safety Week
C. How to Keep Safe D. A Discussion about Safety
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Once upon a time, there was a young man called Don. One day, Don caught a large fish. As he was about to sell the fish, the fish suddenly started saying, “Please don’t kill me!” Don thought to himself, “I must be dreaming! How can a fish talk ” The fish carried on, “You aren’t dreaming. I can read your mind. If you set me free, I’ll grant you three wishes.” Don hesitated (犹豫) for a while, but put the fish back to the sea later on.
Don continued his life as a fisherman just like before. One day, he walked past a poor village after fishing. Some children were sitting in front of their old and broken house. They had been hungry for days. Don quickly took out all his fish to them. He wished he could have more food for them. Suddenly, a lot of delicious food appeared on the table. While the children were sleeping after the big meal, Don saw that their clothes were too old. Don thought, “I hope they can have new clothes and I hope they can have new furniture so that they can live comfortably.” Suddenly, the clothes on the children became new and clean. The furniture in the house became new and comfortable, too.
Don remembered what the fish told him. “That fish kept its word …” he said to himself.
31. What did Don do for a living
A. He caught fish. B. He cooked fish. C. He made furniture. D. He made clothes.
32. What does the underlined word “grant” mean in Chinese
A. 拒绝 B. 制定 C. 支持 D. 答应
33. The fish said, “… I can read your mind.” What did it mean
A. The fish could read. B. The fish could speak.
C. The fish knew what Don was thinking. D. The fish understood what Don was saying.
34. Which of the following statements about the children is NOT true
A. They had been hungry for days. B. Their house was old and broken.
C. They had not slept for a long time. D. They did not have money to buy new clothes.
35. Which is the BEST title for the passage
A. Don’t kill a fish B. A fish’s three wishes
C. A rich fisherman and a fish D. The fisherman’s three wishes
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You might feel full after having a big meal. But you may actually suffer from “hidden hunger”. This means that what you eat may fill your stomach, but it’s not giving you the proper nutrition that your body needs.
This happens when food lacks the vitamins and minerals people need to stay healthy, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
At present, “hidden hunger” affects 2 billion people worldwide, including 300 million people in China. It is most commonly seen among children and teenagers and can result in bad immune system, blindness or even death, China News Service reported.
Many Chinese people don’t get enough iron, calcium, vitamin A and vitamin D. One main reason is that agricultural products don’t have much of these nutrients. Over 40 percent of China’s farmland is lost its vitamins and minerals, lowering the nutritional value of the crops that grow on it, according to Xinhua.
Many of the processed foods that people enjoy eating today, such as chips, burgers and cookies, have made the situation worse. Vitamins and minerals area easily lost when these foods are processed. People’s Daily noted.
The human body needs 16 kinds of minerals, including iron and calcium, and 13 kinds of vitamins, including vitamins A and D, to stay healthy. Vitamins help maintain healthy eyes and skin and allow your bones to grow properly. Minerals are important for maintaining blood pressure and making new cells.
In response, China’s government has created several action plans to improve public health, as well as develop and promote nutritious foods.
Eating more fresh nutrition—rich food like vegetables, whole grains and dairy can help us stay healthy. For vegetables like carrots and broccoli, boiling and steaming can better preserve their nutrition when compared to frying them, CNN suggests.
Word Banknutrition 营养 immune system 免疫系统 promote 推广 preserve 保留
36. “Hidden hunger” happens when ________.A. what you eat include some fresh nutrition—rich food like vegetables.
B. what you eat can’t give you the proper nutrition your body need.
C. what you eat fills your stomach but you still feel hungry.
D. what you eat isn’t a big meal.
37. Which one is not the reason why people can’t get proper nutrition
A. People eat too much processed foods such as chips, burgers and cookies.
B. Over 40 percent of China’s farmland is losing its vitamins and minerals.
C. Children and teenagers are in bad immune system.
D. Some agricultural products don’t have much.
38. The underlined word “processed” means ________.
A. 污染的 B. 加工的 C. 出口的 D. 改进的
39. According to the text, which of the following is TRUE
A. Vitamins may cause blindness.
B. Vitamins include iron and calcium.
C. Vitamins help maintain healthy eyes and skin.
D. Vitamins are hardly lost when foods are processed.
40. The passage probably may be taken from ________.
A. a shopping poster B. a science report C. a guidebook D. a health magazine
参考答案
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1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了音乐带给人们好处，可以使人们精神愉悦，摆脱困境等。
1. 细节理解题。根据文中“Singing can bring numbers of health benefits (益处).”可知，唱歌能带来许多健康的好处。故选A。
2. 词句猜测题。根据后文“Some people say that music is like a kind of language. The language can show people’s opinions and attitudes (态度) to their life.”可猜测出，下划线单词“expression”的汉语意思应是“表达”。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据文中“Some songs can make people happy and excited. That’s why the Voice of China is popular among people.”可知，中国好声音如此受欢迎是因为有些歌曲让人们开心和兴奋。故选B。
4. 细节理解题。根据文中“They don’t like singing and they say singing can never make them happy.”可知，有些人不喜欢唱歌是正确的。故选B。
5. 最佳标题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段“Singing can bring numbers of health benefits (益处).”可知，文章最佳标题应是“唱歌的好处”。故选D。
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6. D 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C
【解析】我们一向以为快乐仅仅是指刚发生的事情会让我们感到快乐，但事实上与别人保持好的关系可以让我们一直保持良好的心情。本文向我们介绍了一些快乐的方法。
6. 细节理解题。根据“One way is being unselfish, not wanting everything from our friends. Another way is to look for good points, not bad ones in other people.”可知，一种方法是无私，不要想从朋友那里得到一切；另一种方法是在别人身上寻找优点，而不是缺点。故选D。
7. 细节理解题。根据“Being friendly and polite to your group…”可知，作者建议对团队友好礼貌，故选A。
8. 推理判断题。根据“At the same time, it is important to remember that, while you are probably no worse than others, the best way to be happy is to think yourself above other people. When something is wrong, it is good sense to try to make it right.”可知，与此同时，重要的是要记住，虽然你可能不比别人差，但让自己快乐的最好方法是认为自己比别人高；当某件事出错时，努力改正是明智的。选项B“能够改变糟糕的状况”与之相符，故选B。
9. 词义猜测题。分析“Just remember that we all have some of these faults and have to fight against them.”可知，我们每个人都有一些这样的缺点，我们必须与它们作斗争，所以此处faults的意思是“缺点”，故选B。
10. 主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，本文向我们介绍了一些快乐的方法，故选C。
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11. C 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】本文介绍了同一种颜色在你的眼中和别人的眼中是不同的原因。
11. 推理判断题。根据“People with weaker receptors usually have color blindness. That the receptor can’t translate the light waves correctly means some people cannot tell different shades of a color.”可知，色盲的人无法正确地辨别颜色，故选C。
12. 词义猜测题。根据“In the past, most scientists argued that everyone saw colors in the same way.”可知，过去，大多数科学家认为每个人看颜色的方式都是一样的。因此通过研究，科学家能更好地了解颜色，故选A。
13. 细节理解题。根据“What if everyone in the world has the same favorite color, but just calls it different names.”可知，同样的颜色可能被赋予不同的名称。故选D。
14. 主旨大意题。根据“But how do you know what you see as blue isn’t someone else’s red ”和“What if everyone in the world has the same favorite color, but just calls it different names.”可知，本文主要解释了为什么人们对同一种颜色的看法不同。故选C。
15. 推理判断题。根据“But how do you know what you see as blue isn’t someone else’s red ”可知，此处解释为什么你眼中的蓝色可能会是别人眼中的红色，因此属于科学知识，摘自科学杂志，故选B。
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16. B 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍积极的心态和态度对人们的好处。
16. 推理判断题。根据第一、二两段内容和“Of course, developing a positive(积极的) opinion is easier said than done. When you’re feeling down, it is hard to be optimistic(乐观的).”可知，保持积极心态并不像我们想象的那么容易，故选B。
17. 细节理解题。根据“And she advises that pessimists (悲观主义者) could get better from doing things like imagining a future where everything turns out well.”可知，悲观主义者可以做一些事情，比如想象一个一切都好起来的未来。选项D“积极的想象对悲观主义者是有好处的”与之相符，故选D。
18. 词义猜测题。分析“And she advises that pessimists (悲观主义者) could get better from doing things like imagining a future where everything turns out well.”和“But a glass half empty type of person can hardly see the world through hopeful glasses.”可知，半杯空的人很难透过充满希望的眼镜看世界，此处 glass half empty指的是“悲观的”，故选A。
19. 推理判断题。根据“But a study in the US has found that people who are optimists are more likely to live longer”可知，美国的一项研究发现，乐观的人更有可能活得更长。故选D。
20. 主旨大意题。本文向我们介绍积极的心态和态度对人们的好处。选项B“积极对待生活”符合主题，故选B。
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21. A 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. B
【解析】短文讲了大象的生活习性，详细地介绍了它们是怎样应对危险，记忆事物和学习等。
21. 细节理解题。根据“The other elephants follow the matriarch because she knows how to guard the family if danger appears.”可知，其他大象跟着母象，因为她知道在危险出现时如何保护家庭。故选A。
22. 词句猜测题。根据“Even in a dry spell, a matriarch can remember where water was found in the past.”可知，即使是在干旱时期，母象也能记得过去哪里有水。此处spell是“时期”的含义，故选C。
23. 细节理解题。根据“Elephants talk to each other with low rumbling sounds…Elephants hear sounds with their ears, the soles of their feet, and even their trunks(象鼻).”可知，大象用低沉的声音相互交谈，大象也可以用耳朵、脚底、甚至用鼻子听声音。故选D。
24. 推理判断题。根据“Elephants are intelligent animals with long memories. Even in a dry spell, a matriarch can remember where water was found in the past.”可知，大象是聪明的动物，记忆力很好，即使是在干旱时期，母象也能记得过去哪里有水。故选C。
25. 最佳标题题。短文讲了大象的生活习性，详细地介绍了它们是怎样应对危险，记忆事物和学习等。选项B“象群”符合主题，故选B。
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26. A 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. C
【解析】本文是在学校道路安全周时，一位警察在学校就道路安全所做的演讲中的一些要点。
26. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Most traffic accidents shouldn’t happen. They happen because people are careless. ”可知，大多数交通事故的发生是因为人们的粗心，也就是说如果人们更加小心的话，这些事故就不会发生了，A选项符合题意。故选A。
27. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Most traffic accidents……”可知，此段在讲的是大多数的交通事故，由此可猜测，这里的原因也应是大多数事故的共性，也就是常见的原因，C选项与此表达类似。故选C。
28. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Bicycle riders can cause accidents by changing directions suddenly or without warning other road users. ”可知，骑自行车的人可能会因为突然改变方向或不警告其他道路使用者而造成事故，所以这应是骑自行车的人在路上不应该做的事情。故选D。
29. 细节理解题。提及骑自行车的安全知识主要在文章第四段出现，但是第四段并未表达过“骑自行车是最危险的”的意思，所以从警察的演讲中我们不能了解到这点。故选A。
30. 最佳标题题。本文主要是一位警察就道路安全所做的演讲中的一些要点，这些要点中警察教会我们如何遵守道路规则，也就是教我们如何保障自己的安全。故选C。
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31. A 32. D 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个渔民Don捕到一条鱼，鱼希望Don放了它，而它满足了渔民的三个愿望。
31. 细节理解题。根据文中“Don continued his life as a fisherman just like before.”可知，Don以捕鱼为生，故选A。
32. 词句猜测题。根据前句“If you set me free,”可猜测出，下划线单词“grant”的汉语意思应是“答应”。故选D。
33. 推理判断题。根据文中“Don thought to himself, “I must be dreaming! How can a fish talk ” The fish carried on, “You aren’t dreaming.”可推断出，“I can read your mind.”的意思应是鱼知道Don在想什么。故选C。
34. 细节理解题。根据文中“While the children were sleeping after the big meal, Don saw that their clothes were too old.”可知，他们很久没睡觉了是不正确的。故选C。
35. 最佳标题题。短文主要讲述了一个渔民Don捕到一条鱼，鱼希望Don放了它，而它满足了渔民的三个愿望。故最佳标题应是“渔夫的三个愿望”。故选D。
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36. B 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“隐性饥饿”的含义、成因以及一些解决方法；因为“隐性饥饿”影响了全球两百万人的健康，所以政府也在努力采取措施改善这一问题。
36. 推理判断题。根据第二段“This happens when food lacks the vitamins and minerals people need to stay healthy…”可知，当食物缺少人体所需的维生素和矿物质时，也就是说当人们吃的东西不能给身体提供所需的适当营养时，人们就会遭受“隐性饥饿”。故选B。
37. 细节理解题。根据第四段“One main reason is that agricultural products don’t have much of these nutrients. Over 40 percent of China’s farmland is lost its vitamins and minerals…”和第五段“Vitamins and minerals area easily lost when these foods are processed.”可知，“农产品中没有太多营养物质”，“中国40%以上的农田失去了维生素和矿物质”以及“食品在加工过程中容易丢失维生素和矿物质”都会导致人们不能得到足够的营养，只有C选项不是其中的原因。故选C。
38. 词句猜测题。根据第五段“…such as chips, burgers and cookies…”可知，作为例子的薯条、汉堡和饼干都属于加工过的食品，所以画线处的单词意为“加工的”。故选B。
39. 细节理解题。根据第六段“Vitamins help maintain healthy eyes and skin…”可知，维生素有助于保持眼睛和皮肤健康，C选项符合原文表达。故选C。
40. 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了与人体健康有关的“隐性饥饿”，由此可知此文章可能出自健康杂志。故选D。
语篇理解之词义猜测题
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考点复习
1
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英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类：（1）旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义；如：Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the nation’s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.我们学过 course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。根据上下文 course是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断 course在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。（2）合成词、转化词与派生词，如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，decision-thinking，imperfect等；（3）“灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解；（4）“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景（5）超纲生词。
猜测词义是应用英语的重要能力，也是中考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
近年来，词义猜测题有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。
【命题趋势】
1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。
3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】
The underlined word “…” in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.
By saying “…” in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______.
In paragraph …, “…” can be replaced by “______”.
The meaning of “…” in paragraph… is related to ______.
Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)
The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____.
【应试技巧】
词义猜测题的解答需要考生根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
1．构词法猜词
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
【典例示例】
…Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.” …
70. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means .
A. value B. result
C. performance D. connection
【答案】B
【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组come out 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。
2．利用同义近义词猜词
在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
【典例示例】
…Fermat’s Last Theorem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. …
65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text
A. To encourage people to raise questions.
B. To cause difficulty in understanding.
C. To provide a person with an explanation.
D. To limit people’s imagination.
【答案】B
【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。
3．利用反义词猜词
对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
【典例示例】
...A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. …
74.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thought.
C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble.
D. A demand made by guests.
【答案】C
【解析】根据前句的否定doesn’t与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty, trouble相近。答案为C。
4．利用上下文语境猜词
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来中考考查的热点。
【典例示例】
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
……
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. End one’s struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one’s energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
52.D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。
5．利用定义和解释猜词
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
【典例示例】
“Organic produce is always better, ” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides (农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally (本地)grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.
62. What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text
A. Growing interest in organic food.
B. Better quality of organic food.
C. Rising market for organic food.
D. Higher prices of organic food.
【答案】A
【解析】由Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying something可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gold一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。
6．根据语义转折猜词
有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。
【典例示例】
…However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject.
…
71. In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_____”.
A. try very hard B. take our time
C. are very unhappy D. feel especially painful
【答案析】A
【解析】由However从句当中的at first glance（乍一眼看上去），与下文中的take special pains进行对比，既然不是一眼就看出那么简单，那么自然要费力去想了。由此可以推断出A项为最佳选项。
7．利用经验和常识猜词
【典例示例】
…“I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40, blue lights and sirens(警笛) going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway. The driver somehow panicked at the sight of me. He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder.”
63. The meaning of “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related to ___________ .
A. shame B. hate C. anger D. fear
【答案】D
【解析】根据本段内容描述，可以知道panicked 意思是“惊慌”，相当于fear。
(
知识强化
2
)
一、阅读单选
1
Some people think that singing can lift our spirits (精神). There are some other people who don’t think so. They don’t like singing and they say singing can never make them happy. I don’t agree with that. I think singing can make us feel good. Of course they can lift our spirits. Let me tell you more about that.
Some researchers once did some surveys and have proved that is true. Singing can bring numbers of health benefits (益处). If you sing with your friends, the effects may be even better.
John Lennon is a retired professor of vocal (音的) performance at Emporia State University. He says, “Singing is an inborn (天生的) need. Babies sing to themselves and they seem so happy. Like babies, when we sing, we feel so good and singing makes us feel happy. I like singing and I am happy every day.”
Music is a part of human nature. And singing is a form of expression that is understood by everyone. Some people say that music is like a kind of language. The language can show people’s opinions and attitudes (态度) to their life. Some songs can cheer people up when they are in trouble. Some songs can make people happy and excited. That’s why the Voice of China is popular among people.
1. What can singing bring
A. Health benefits. B. Mental problems. C. Happiness and wealth. D. Some pressure.
2. What does the underlined word expression probably mean in Chinese.
A. 表达 B. 表情 C. 运动 D. 放松
3. Why is the Voice of China popular
A. Because all the singers are good at singing and dancing.
B. Because some songs make people happy and excited.
C. Because all the singers look nice in fashionable clothes.
D. Because the songs are written by the singers themselves.
4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Everyone thinks singing can lift our spirits.
B. There are some people who don’t like singing.
C. If you sing in a group, the effects may be worse.
D. Babies never sing to themselves.
5. What’s the best title for the passage
A. The importance of music B. The history of music
C. People’s health problems D. The benefits of singing
2
For a long time being, happy was considered something that just happened, and there was nothing special about it. Now we know that getting along with other people is something that we can work at. It is possible to act in such a way that other people will like us better. One way is being unselfish, not wanting everything from our friends. Another way is to look for good points, not bad ones in other people. It is surprising how successful this treasure (珍宝) hunt can be.
You don’t have to be spineless (没有骨气的) in order to be popular. In fact, you will be liked and respected if you are not afraid to stand up for your rights. But do it politely and pleasantly. Being friendly and polite to your group, to other people and to strangers and especially to those who do not look important or do not interest you is one way to develop a good character.
You can not expect to be perfect, and you must learn not to be unhappy when you make mistakes. Everyone makes mistakes, and no one is to be blamed (责备) unless he refuses to learn from them. Many young people become discouraged when they know in themselves qualities that they do not like-selfishness, laziness, and other unpleasant qualities. Just remember that we all have some of these faults and have to fight against them.
At the same time, it is important to remember that, while you are probably no worse than others, the best way to be happy is to think yourself above other people. When something is wrong, it is good sense to try to make it right. Perhaps you don’t like a teacher or a classmate. Try to see why and look at yourself, too, to be sure that you are not doing anything to make that person dislikes you. Some day, things may turn out all right and then you will have to learn to get along the best with situation, without thinking too much about it. Worrying never helps in a situation you can’t change.
6. One of the two ways, the author suggested for us to get along with others is ________.
A. to look for treasure to be successful B. to draw much attention of our friends
C. to ask for the best share of everything D. to pay more attention to others’ advantages
7. According to the passage, if one wants to be popular, one has to ________.
A. be polite and friendly B. give up some rights
C. praise other people D. be ready to change himself
8. The passage infers (暗示) that in order to be a happy person, one should consider oneself ________.
A. no better than others B. be able to change a bad situation
C. not the same as others D. be able to find others to help you
9. What does the underlined “faults” in paragraph 3 mean
A. 优点 B. 缺点 C. 问题 D. 困惑
10. The purpose for the writer to write the passage is to ________.
A. help you to be perfect in your life B. tell you how to act in new situations
C. show you some ways to be happy D. teach you how to be popular at school
3
Have you ever wondered if you see the same colors as other people Most people know what blue is when they see it. They see the color and call it “blue” because they were taught the word and connected it with what they saw. But how do you know what you see as blue isn’t someone else’s red
The ability to see colors depends on receptors (感受器) in our eyes. Light waves hit these receptors which will send information to the brain. The brain then deals with the information to make sure which color light the eyes are receiving. Some people’s receptors are more developed than others. People with weaker receptors usually have color blindness. That the receptor can’t translate the light waves correctly means some people cannot tell different shades of a color.
In the past, most scientists argued that everyone saw colors in the same way. However, research was done on monkeys, in which they were injected (注射) with a virus to influence their receptors. This made them understand more about colors than usual and brought an interesting discovery. Normally, monkeys can only see blue and green, but the virus allowed monkeys to see red. Their brains were made to be able to understand new colors, which might mean the brains are not instinctive (本能的) to understand which color is which. This shows that our brains may get used to new information depending on what they receive during the development. Color could be a very personal experience to everyone.
So, the next time you talk about your favorite color, just remember if yours is blue and your friend says red, you might actually be thinking about the same color. What if everyone in the world has the same favorite color, but just calls it different names.
11. Which is TRUE about people who have color blindness from paragraph 2
A. They cannot see light at all. B. They have developed receptors.
C. They can’t tell colors correctly. D. They can’t see any colors.
12. What does the underlined word “them” refer to in paragraph 3
A. Scientists B. Receptors C. Monkeys D. Brains
13. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage.
A. Monkeys can only see two colors at any time.
B. Our brains can understand colors instinctively.
C. Everyone has the same experience about a color.
D. The same color might be given different names.
14. What’s the passage mainly about
A. It tells people that different colors have different names.
B. People call a color blue because that’s how they were taught.
C. It mainly explains why people see the same color differently.
D. One’s favorite color is different from that of another one’s.
15. Where can you probably find this passage .
A. A science fiction. B. A science magazine. C. A story book. D. A guide book.
4
How are you feeling today If your head is uncomfortable because of a bad night’s sleep, or you’ve just got too much to do, the chances are you’re not in the best of feelings. If everything seems like an effort and you have a negative(消极的) opinion, the last thing you want to be told is to “be positive!” But having this mindset could get more advantages than you think.
Of course, developing a positive(积极的) opinion is easier said than done. When you’re feeling down, it is hard to be optimistic(乐观的). But a study in the US has found that people who are optimists are more likely to live longer than those who have a more negative opinion to life. It showed the possibility of positive people living to the age of 85 or more. So, maybe the thought of a longer life might encourage you to be more positive to life.
The study found that optimists may find it easier to control feelings and get less stressed. And as stress influences the immune system(免疫系统), it’s possible that optimists deal better with illness. Professor Lee, who worked on the study, said, “Our findings suggest that raising levels of optimism may lead to longer life and healthier ageing.” And she advises that pessimists (悲观主义者) could get better from doing things like imagining a future where everything turns out well.
But a glass half empty type of person can hardly see the world through hopeful glasses. If you’re the one among them, what could you do Accepting that we all have problems and we’re not all the same can help. It’s best to celebrate the positives and not think about the negative parts of our lives.
People have been sharing their personal advice on keeping a positive way to life. Vicki Siska says, “Music feeds my soul, and I have good friends who care for me.” The saying goes that “a healthy body leads a healthy mind” which is perhaps why other people have advised doing deep thinking as well as staying healthy to help keep a positive opinion about life.
16. From Paragraphs 1 & 2, we can learn that ________.
A. negative opinions lead to bad endings B. being positive isn’t as easy as we thought
C. “be positive” is enjoyed by pessimists D. optimistic people like to have a long life
17. According to Paragraph 3, the study found that ________.
A. optimists usually get more stressed B. pessimists are impossible to live long
C. optimists are easy to develop illness D. positive imagining is good for pessimists
18. The underlined part “glass half empty” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.
A. negative B. strong C. helpful D. outgoing
19. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A. The study found that pessimists could live to be 85 or a higher age.
B. Optimists are seldom ill because they have a good immune system.
C. Pessimists are those unlucky people who always have problems.
D. Positive opinions about life might lead to good physical health.
20. The passage mainly tells us ________.
A. to have a long life B. to treat life positively
C. the importance of health D. what optimists and pessimists are
5
Elephants are the largest land animals alive today. African elephants live in family groups called herds. All of the elephants in the herd take care of each other. The leader of the herd is an old mother elephant. She is the matriarch. A herd may have as few as eight or as many as 100 elephants. The other elephants follow the matriarch because she knows how to guard the family if danger appears. Adult male elephants go off to live on their own and start families.
Elephants learn by watching and copying other elephants, and from life. Baby elephants stay with their mothers until they are fully grown at about ten years old. Elephants live to be 50 or 60 years old. Elephants are intelligent animals with long memories. Even in a dry spell, a matriarch can remember where water was found in the past. The herd will follow her there. She can also remember the safest place for baby elephants to cross a fast-moving river.
Elephants talk to each other with low rumbling sounds. Some rumbling sounds are so deep that people are unable to hear them. Elephants hear sounds with their ears, the soles of their feet, and even their trunks(象鼻). They also greet each other by touching with their trunks and feet. If danger appears, mothers flap their ears to call their babies to them.
Other animals do not usually attack(袭击) elephants. However, a lion might try to attack a sick elephant or a baby. If this happens, everyone is on guard. The adult elephants circle around the baby elephants. The adults make loud trumpeting sounds and hit the ground with their trunks. The matriarch puts herself between the lion and the herd. She flaps her ears out to make herself look even larger. Then she lowers her head and charges the enemy in a big cloud of dust.
21. According to Paragraphs 1 & 2, the matriarch ________.
A. protects the herd B. just follows the herd
C. drinks water alone D. is the oldest elephant
22. Which of the following probably best explains “spell” underlined in Paragraph 2
A. Magician. B. Prediction. C. Period. D. Ability.
23. According to Paragraph 3, how do elephants communicate with each other
A. People can hear all the sounds of elephants.
B. Elephants can hear each other only with ears.
C. Elephants greet each other by flapping ears.
D. Elephants’ trunks can be used to communicate.
24. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. No elephants take care of baby elephants at the time of danger.
B. Baby elephants stay with their mothers as long as they want.
C. A matriarch can find the water because of the long memory.
D. When a lion attacks, adult elephants circle around the matriarch.
25. What’s the best title of the text
A. A Baby And A Matriarch. B. An Elephant Herd.
C. A Lion And An Elephant. D. An Elephant Matriarch.
6
Our school held many activities last week. We called it Road Safety Week. One of the educational activities was a speech given by a police officer. He shared something about the road safety. Here are some important points about his speech.
Most traffic accidents shouldn’t happen. They happen because people are careless. A frequent cause (原因) of traffic accidents is speed. Some people drive too fast. This means that if they have to stop suddenly, they cannot stop quickly enough to avoid (避免) hitting others. You need to remember this when you are crossing the street or walking along the sidewalk (人行道).
It’s not only drivers who cause accidents. However, people on foot-pedestrians (行人) , and bicycle riders often cause accidents, too. Pedestrians sometimes walk out into the street without looking. You should always look on both sides before stepping into the street.
Do any of you ride a bike Bicycle riders can cause accidents by changing directions suddenly or without warning other road users. Before you turn left, for example, you should check behind you to make sure there aren’t any cars, trucks or buses coming. You should show with your left hand to tell that you want to turn left. You should not turn until the street is clear.
The rules of the road are very simple. If we learn them and obey (遵守) them, we should not have accidents any more. There were more other activities in Road Safety Week. I hope every student could learn something.
26. Most traffic accidents shouldn’t happen if ________.
A. people are more careful B. people don’t know the rules
C. people cross the streets quickly D. people stop their cars suddenly
27. The underlined word “frequent” in the passage means ________ in Chinese.
A. 自由的 B. 罕见的 C. 频繁的 D. 所有的
28. What shouldn’t the riders do when riding bikes on the street
A. Making sure there aren’t any cars coming.
B. Warning other road users before crossing the street.
C. Showing with your right hand to tell that you want to turn right.
D. Changing directions suddenly or without warning other road users.
29. From the police officer’s speech, we can learn the following except that (除了) ________.
A. riding bikes is the most dangerous
B. it’s not only drivers who cause traffic accidents
C. some people have accidents because they drive too quickly
D. obeying the rules of the road may stop you from having accidents
30. Which of the following is the best title of this passage
A. Safety First B. Road Safety Week
C. How to Keep Safe D. A Discussion about Safety
7
Once upon a time, there was a young man called Don. One day, Don caught a large fish. As he was about to sell the fish, the fish suddenly started saying, “Please don’t kill me!” Don thought to himself, “I must be dreaming! How can a fish talk ” The fish carried on, “You aren’t dreaming. I can read your mind. If you set me free, I’ll grant you three wishes.” Don hesitated (犹豫) for a while, but put the fish back to the sea later on.
Don continued his life as a fisherman just like before. One day, he walked past a poor village after fishing. Some children were sitting in front of their old and broken house. They had been hungry for days. Don quickly took out all his fish to them. He wished he could have more food for them. Suddenly, a lot of delicious food appeared on the table. While the children were sleeping after the big meal, Don saw that their clothes were too old. Don thought, “I hope they can have new clothes and I hope they can have new furniture so that they can live comfortably.” Suddenly, the clothes on the children became new and clean. The furniture in the house became new and comfortable, too.
Don remembered what the fish told him. “That fish kept its word …” he said to himself.
31. What did Don do for a living
A. He caught fish. B. He cooked fish. C. He made furniture. D. He made clothes.
32. What does the underlined word “grant” mean in Chinese
A. 拒绝 B. 制定 C. 支持 D. 答应
33. The fish said, “… I can read your mind.” What did it mean
A. The fish could read. B. The fish could speak.
C. The fish knew what Don was thinking. D. The fish understood what Don was saying.
34. Which of the following statements about the children is NOT true
A. They had been hungry for days. B. Their house was old and broken.
C. They had not slept for a long time. D. They did not have money to buy new clothes.
35. Which is the BEST title for the passage
A. Don’t kill a fish B. A fish’s three wishes
C. A rich fisherman and a fish D. The fisherman’s three wishes
8
You might feel full after having a big meal. But you may actually suffer from “hidden hunger”. This means that what you eat may fill your stomach, but it’s not giving you the proper nutrition that your body needs.
This happens when food lacks the vitamins and minerals people need to stay healthy, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
At present, “hidden hunger” affects 2 billion people worldwide, including 300 million people in China. It is most commonly seen among children and teenagers and can result in bad immune system, blindness or even death, China News Service reported.
Many Chinese people don’t get enough iron, calcium, vitamin A and vitamin D. One main reason is that agricultural products don’t have much of these nutrients. Over 40 percent of China’s farmland is lost its vitamins and minerals, lowering the nutritional value of the crops that grow on it, according to Xinhua.
Many of the processed foods that people enjoy eating today, such as chips, burgers and cookies, have made the situation worse. Vitamins and minerals area easily lost when these foods are processed. People’s Daily noted.
The human body needs 16 kinds of minerals, including iron and calcium, and 13 kinds of vitamins, including vitamins A and D, to stay healthy. Vitamins help maintain healthy eyes and skin and allow your bones to grow properly. Minerals are important for maintaining blood pressure and making new cells.
In response, China’s government has created several action plans to improve public health, as well as develop and promote nutritious foods.
Eating more fresh nutrition—rich food like vegetables, whole grains and dairy can help us stay healthy. For vegetables like carrots and broccoli, boiling and steaming can better preserve their nutrition when compared to frying them, CNN suggests.
Word Banknutrition 营养 immune system 免疫系统 promote 推广 preserve 保留
36. “Hidden hunger” happens when ________.A. what you eat include some fresh nutrition—rich food like vegetables.
B. what you eat can’t give you the proper nutrition your body need.
C. what you eat fills your stomach but you still feel hungry.
D. what you eat isn’t a big meal.
37. Which one is not the reason why people can’t get proper nutrition
A. People eat too much processed foods such as chips, burgers and cookies.
B. Over 40 percent of China’s farmland is losing its vitamins and minerals.
C. Children and teenagers are in bad immune system.
D. Some agricultural products don’t have much.
38. The underlined word “processed” means ________.
A. 污染的 B. 加工的 C. 出口的 D. 改进的
39. According to the text, which of the following is TRUE
A. Vitamins may cause blindness.
B. Vitamins include iron and calcium.
C. Vitamins help maintain healthy eyes and skin.
D. Vitamins are hardly lost when foods are processed.
40. The passage probably may be taken from ________.
A. a shopping poster B. a science report C. a guidebook D. a health magazine
参考答案
1
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了音乐带给人们好处，可以使人们精神愉悦，摆脱困境等。
1. 细节理解题。根据文中“Singing can bring numbers of health benefits (益处).”可知，唱歌能带来许多健康的好处。故选A。
2. 词句猜测题。根据后文“Some people say that music is like a kind of language. The language can show people’s opinions and attitudes (态度) to their life.”可猜测出，下划线单词“expression”的汉语意思应是“表达”。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据文中“Some songs can make people happy and excited. That’s why the Voice of China is popular among people.”可知，中国好声音如此受欢迎是因为有些歌曲让人们开心和兴奋。故选B。
4. 细节理解题。根据文中“They don’t like singing and they say singing can never make them happy.”可知，有些人不喜欢唱歌是正确的。故选B。
5. 最佳标题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段“Singing can bring numbers of health benefits (益处).”可知，文章最佳标题应是“唱歌的好处”。故选D。
2
6. D 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C
【解析】我们一向以为快乐仅仅是指刚发生的事情会让我们感到快乐，但事实上与别人保持好的关系可以让我们一直保持良好的心情。本文向我们介绍了一些快乐的方法。
6. 细节理解题。根据“One way is being unselfish, not wanting everything from our friends. Another way is to look for good points, not bad ones in other people.”可知，一种方法是无私，不要想从朋友那里得到一切；另一种方法是在别人身上寻找优点，而不是缺点。故选D。
7. 细节理解题。根据“Being friendly and polite to your group…”可知，作者建议对团队友好礼貌，故选A。
8. 推理判断题。根据“At the same time, it is important to remember that, while you are probably no worse than others, the best way to be happy is to think yourself above other people. When something is wrong, it is good sense to try to make it right.”可知，与此同时，重要的是要记住，虽然你可能不比别人差，但让自己快乐的最好方法是认为自己比别人高；当某件事出错时，努力改正是明智的。选项B“能够改变糟糕的状况”与之相符，故选B。
9. 词义猜测题。分析“Just remember that we all have some of these faults and have to fight against them.”可知，我们每个人都有一些这样的缺点，我们必须与它们作斗争，所以此处faults的意思是“缺点”，故选B。
10. 主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，本文向我们介绍了一些快乐的方法，故选C。
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11. C 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】本文介绍了同一种颜色在你的眼中和别人的眼中是不同的原因。
11. 推理判断题。根据“People with weaker receptors usually have color blindness. That the receptor can’t translate the light waves correctly means some people cannot tell different shades of a color.”可知，色盲的人无法正确地辨别颜色，故选C。
12. 词义猜测题。根据“In the past, most scientists argued that everyone saw colors in the same way.”可知，过去，大多数科学家认为每个人看颜色的方式都是一样的。因此通过研究，科学家能更好地了解颜色，故选A。
13. 细节理解题。根据“What if everyone in the world has the same favorite color, but just calls it different names.”可知，同样的颜色可能被赋予不同的名称。故选D。
14. 主旨大意题。根据“But how do you know what you see as blue isn’t someone else’s red ”和“What if everyone in the world has the same favorite color, but just calls it different names.”可知，本文主要解释了为什么人们对同一种颜色的看法不同。故选C。
15. 推理判断题。根据“But how do you know what you see as blue isn’t someone else’s red ”可知，此处解释为什么你眼中的蓝色可能会是别人眼中的红色，因此属于科学知识，摘自科学杂志，故选B。
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16. B 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍积极的心态和态度对人们的好处。
16. 推理判断题。根据第一、二两段内容和“Of course, developing a positive(积极的) opinion is easier said than done. When you’re feeling down, it is hard to be optimistic(乐观的).”可知，保持积极心态并不像我们想象的那么容易，故选B。
17. 细节理解题。根据“And she advises that pessimists (悲观主义者) could get better from doing things like imagining a future where everything turns out well.”可知，悲观主义者可以做一些事情，比如想象一个一切都好起来的未来。选项D“积极的想象对悲观主义者是有好处的”与之相符，故选D。
18. 词义猜测题。分析“And she advises that pessimists (悲观主义者) could get better from doing things like imagining a future where everything turns out well.”和“But a glass half empty type of person can hardly see the world through hopeful glasses.”可知，半杯空的人很难透过充满希望的眼镜看世界，此处 glass half empty指的是“悲观的”，故选A。
19. 推理判断题。根据“But a study in the US has found that people who are optimists are more likely to live longer”可知，美国的一项研究发现，乐观的人更有可能活得更长。故选D。
20. 主旨大意题。本文向我们介绍积极的心态和态度对人们的好处。选项B“积极对待生活”符合主题，故选B。
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21. A 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. B
【解析】短文讲了大象的生活习性，详细地介绍了它们是怎样应对危险，记忆事物和学习等。
21. 细节理解题。根据“The other elephants follow the matriarch because she knows how to guard the family if danger appears.”可知，其他大象跟着母象，因为她知道在危险出现时如何保护家庭。故选A。
22. 词句猜测题。根据“Even in a dry spell, a matriarch can remember where water was found in the past.”可知，即使是在干旱时期，母象也能记得过去哪里有水。此处spell是“时期”的含义，故选C。
23. 细节理解题。根据“Elephants talk to each other with low rumbling sounds…Elephants hear sounds with their ears, the soles of their feet, and even their trunks(象鼻).”可知，大象用低沉的声音相互交谈，大象也可以用耳朵、脚底、甚至用鼻子听声音。故选D。
24. 推理判断题。根据“Elephants are intelligent animals with long memories. Even in a dry spell, a matriarch can remember where water was found in the past.”可知，大象是聪明的动物，记忆力很好，即使是在干旱时期，母象也能记得过去哪里有水。故选C。
25. 最佳标题题。短文讲了大象的生活习性，详细地介绍了它们是怎样应对危险，记忆事物和学习等。选项B“象群”符合主题，故选B。
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26. A 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. C
【解析】本文是在学校道路安全周时，一位警察在学校就道路安全所做的演讲中的一些要点。
26. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Most traffic accidents shouldn’t happen. They happen because people are careless. ”可知，大多数交通事故的发生是因为人们的粗心，也就是说如果人们更加小心的话，这些事故就不会发生了，A选项符合题意。故选A。
27. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Most traffic accidents……”可知，此段在讲的是大多数的交通事故，由此可猜测，这里的原因也应是大多数事故的共性，也就是常见的原因，C选项与此表达类似。故选C。
28. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Bicycle riders can cause accidents by changing directions suddenly or without warning other road users. ”可知，骑自行车的人可能会因为突然改变方向或不警告其他道路使用者而造成事故，所以这应是骑自行车的人在路上不应该做的事情。故选D。
29. 细节理解题。提及骑自行车的安全知识主要在文章第四段出现，但是第四段并未表达过“骑自行车是最危险的”的意思，所以从警察的演讲中我们不能了解到这点。故选A。
30. 最佳标题题。本文主要是一位警察就道路安全所做的演讲中的一些要点，这些要点中警察教会我们如何遵守道路规则，也就是教我们如何保障自己的安全。故选C。
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31. A 32. D 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个渔民Don捕到一条鱼，鱼希望Don放了它，而它满足了渔民的三个愿望。
31. 细节理解题。根据文中“Don continued his life as a fisherman just like before.”可知，Don以捕鱼为生，故选A。
32. 词句猜测题。根据前句“If you set me free,”可猜测出，下划线单词“grant”的汉语意思应是“答应”。故选D。
33. 推理判断题。根据文中“Don thought to himself, “I must be dreaming! How can a fish talk ” The fish carried on, “You aren’t dreaming.”可推断出，“I can read your mind.”的意思应是鱼知道Don在想什么。故选C。
34. 细节理解题。根据文中“While the children were sleeping after the big meal, Don saw that their clothes were too old.”可知，他们很久没睡觉了是不正确的。故选C。
35. 最佳标题题。短文主要讲述了一个渔民Don捕到一条鱼，鱼希望Don放了它，而它满足了渔民的三个愿望。故最佳标题应是“渔夫的三个愿望”。故选D。
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36. B 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“隐性饥饿”的含义、成因以及一些解决方法；因为“隐性饥饿”影响了全球两百万人的健康，所以政府也在努力采取措施改善这一问题。
36. 推理判断题。根据第二段“This happens when food lacks the vitamins and minerals people need to stay healthy…”可知，当食物缺少人体所需的维生素和矿物质时，也就是说当人们吃的东西不能给身体提供所需的适当营养时，人们就会遭受“隐性饥饿”。故选B。
37. 细节理解题。根据第四段“One main reason is that agricultural products don’t have much of these nutrients. Over 40 percent of China’s farmland is lost its vitamins and minerals…”和第五段“Vitamins and minerals area easily lost when these foods are processed.”可知，“农产品中没有太多营养物质”，“中国40%以上的农田失去了维生素和矿物质”以及“食品在加工过程中容易丢失维生素和矿物质”都会导致人们不能得到足够的营养，只有C选项不是其中的原因。故选C。
38. 词句猜测题。根据第五段“…such as chips, burgers and cookies…”可知，作为例子的薯条、汉堡和饼干都属于加工过的食品，所以画线处的单词意为“加工的”。故选B。
39. 细节理解题。根据第六段“Vitamins help maintain healthy eyes and skin…”可知，维生素有助于保持眼睛和皮肤健康，C选项符合原文表达。故选C。
40. 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了与人体健康有关的“隐性饥饿”，由此可知此文章可能出自健康杂志。故选D。