高考真题典例(二) 推理判断题
[2023·新课标Ⅰ，B]
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self repair.”
1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor.
2．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco machine.
3．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John's research plans. B．To show an application of John's idea.
C．To compare John's different jobs. D．To erase doubts about John's invention.
4．What is the basis for John's work
A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse. D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ，D]
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant's experience of “Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We're trying to generate a language that helps bring the human nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
5．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A．Pocket parks are now popular. B．Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C．Many cities are overpopulated. D．People enjoy living close to nature.
6．Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A．To compare different types of park goers. B．To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C．To analyze the main features of the park. D．To find patterns in the visitors' summaries.
7．What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5
A．Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different forms.
D.The nature language enhances work performance.
8．What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A．Language study. B．Environmental conservation.
C．Public education. D．Intercultural communication.
[答题区]
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
答案
高考真题典例（二） 推理判断题
Passage 1
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用大自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. （当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始想知道这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的垃圾）”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria （细菌）？ Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing chemicals （在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？）”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. （几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去）”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. （他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就完全被消化了，只剩下纯净水）”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
3．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage （污水） from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. （这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1 600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水）”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
4．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self repair. （你把微生物放在新的关系中，并观察要发生的事情。然后让这些新系统形成它们自己的自我修复的方式）”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。
5．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.（随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的）”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
6．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。题干问的是研究人员将参与者提交的文件分类的原因。根据第四段第一句话“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories... began to emerge.（在320份提交的材料中，一种被研究人员称为‘自然语言’的类别模式开始出现）”可知，研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故选D。
7．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. （命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式）”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
8．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘We're trying to generate a language that helps bring the human nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，’ said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. （‘我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，’该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。）”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。高考真题典例(三) 主旨大意题
[2023·新课标Ⅰ，D]
On March 7，1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision making are enormous.
1．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation. B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people's errors. D．The design of Galton's experiment.
2．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________．
A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent
3．What did the follow up study focus on
A．The size of the groups. B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process. D．The individual estimates.
4．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A.Unclear. B．Dismissive.
C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ，B]
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands on experiments such as soil testing, flower and seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently，” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside，” she says, “and they feel successful.”
5．What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A．She used to be a health worker. B．She grew up in a low income family.
C．She owns a fast food restaurant. D．She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
6．What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A．The kids' parents distrusted her. B．Students had little time for her classes.
C．Some kids disliked garden work. D．There was no space for school gardens.
7．Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A．Far reaching. B．Predictable.
C．Short lived. D．Unidentifiable.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Rescuing School Gardens B．Experiencing Country Life
C．Growing Vegetable Lovers D．Changing Local Landscape
[答题区]
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
答案
高考真题典例（三） 主旨大意题
Passage 1
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立评估的平均值可能是相当准确的。
1．答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. （这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，有些会低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生一个更准确的评估。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的评估是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，评估的准确性就会下降）”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的评估，讨论了独立评估的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. （用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的评估是独立的）”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. （这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的评估中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确）”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在评估数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
3．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds （在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的评估最有信心的人？他们是否追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人呢）”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
4．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision making are enormous. （尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策性的潜在影响是巨大的）”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策性的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。
5．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low income schools.（起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了‘Urban Sprouts’学校花园项目。）”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。
6．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. ‘They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.’ Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.（她说。‘他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。’虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。）”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。
7．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. ‘They get outside，’ she says, ‘and they feel successful.’（她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们把种子带回家开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。‘他们走了出去，’她说，‘他们觉得成功。’）”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
8．答案与解析：C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo发起Urban Sprouts项目，带领学生种植蔬菜的故事，学生们开始对园艺感兴趣。因此C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”适合作为本文标题。故选C。高考真题典例(四) 词义猜测题
[2023·新课标Ⅰ，C]
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
1．What is the book aimed at
A．Teaching critical thinking skills. B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Solving philosophical problems. D．Promoting the use of a digital device.
2．What does the underlined word “declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear up. B．Add on.
C．Check in. D．Take over.
3．What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A.Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses.
4．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A．Use them as needed. B．Recommend them to friends.
C．Evaluate their effects. D．Identify the ideas behind them.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ，C]
ReadingArt: ArtforBookLovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”， artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate__to．
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery powered e reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off line” activity.
5．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to a book. B．An essay on the art of writing.
C．A guidebook to a museum. D．A review of modern paintings.
6．What are the selected artworks about
A．Wealth and intellect. B．Home and school.
C．Books and reading. D．Work and leisure.
7．What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Understand. B．Paint.
C．Seize. D．Transform.
8．What does the author want to say by mentioning the e reader
A．The printed book is not totally out of date. B．Technology has changed the way we read.
C．Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D．People now rarely have the patience to read.
[答题区]
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
答案
高考真题典例（四） 词义猜测题
Passage 1
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
1．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you. （这本书的目标是解释数字极简主义，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种生活态度）”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
2．答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. （这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动）”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
3．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. （在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1 600多人同意进行数字清理）”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
4．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. （你可以将这些做法看作是一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式）”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
5．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration... three hundred artworks from museums around the world”可知，《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书里展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。故可以推知，本文最有可能摘自书的序言。故选A。
6．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. （艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点）”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
7．答案与解析：A 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. （艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点）”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments （这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻）”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
8．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery powered e reader （它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性）”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, ‘off line’ activity （印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的‘离线’活动的机会）”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。高考真题典例(一) 细节理解题
[2023·新课标Ⅰ，A]
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5 hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
1．What is an advantage of MacBike
A．It gives children a discount. B．It offers many types of bikes.
C.It organizes free cycle tours. D．It has over 2，500 rental shops.
2．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A.15.75. B．19.50.
C.22.75. D．29.50.
3．Where does the guided city tour start
A.The Gooyer Windmill. B．The Skinny Bridge.
C.Heineken Brewery. D．Dam Square.
[2023·新课标Ⅱ，A]
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you're hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park's amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area's natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone's park photographer for a hands on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
4．Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A.Photography Workshops. B．Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C.Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D．Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
5．What is the short talk at Artist Point about
A.Works of famous artists. B．Protection of wild animals.
C.Basic photography skills. D．History of the canyon area.
6．Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A.Artist Point. B．Washburn Trailhead.
C.Canyon Village Store. D．Visitor Education Center.
[答题区]
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6
答案
高考真题典例（一） 细节理解
Passage 1
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式、价格等细节。
1．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake （刹车）， bikes with hand brake and gears （排挡）， bikes with child seats, and children's bikes. （我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车）”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。
2．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75＋8＝22.75欧元。故选C。
3．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 pm every day. （旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始）”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石国家公园提供的几项护林员项目。
4．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone （May 26 to September 2） [在黄石体验野生动物（5月26日至9月2日）]”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics （June 5 to August 21） [少年游骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会（6月5日至8月21日）]”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point （June 9 to September 2） [在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）]”以及“Photography Workshops （June 19 & July 10） [摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）]”可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早。故选D。
5．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章“Canyon Talks at Artist Point （June 9 to September 2） [在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）]”部分中的“From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon （峡谷） while learning about the area's natural and human history. （从一个经典的视角，欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史）”可知，在Artist Point的简短演讲主题是关于峡谷地区的历史的。故选D。
6．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章“Photography Workshops （June 19 & July 10） [摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）]”部分中的“7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. （7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance：在奇滕登停车场的Washburn Trailhead举行）”可知，7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。
