2024届高考英语二轮复习：句子结构与成分课件(共18张PPT)

(共18张PPT)
英语句子基础知识1
此句子的基本结构/成分
学习目标
了解句子的五种基本结构。
建立起英语句子构成的基本概念
了解句子成分与词性的对应关系。
1
3
2
句子的成分
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，即主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
ONE
PART
主语(subject)
表示句子叙述的主体是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句等充当。eg.
I’m from Australia.
Friends are very important to me.
谓语(predicate)
说明主语的动作、状态或特征。谓语由动词或动词短语充当。eg.
My name is Jenna.
I’m beginning senior high school this year.
表语(predicative)
说明主语的身份、特征或状态，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或从句等充当，与系动词一起构成谓语。eg.
Melbourne is a very beautiful city.
Her interests are similar to mine.
You look nice today.
宾语(object)
表示动作、行为的对象或承受者，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当。eg.
I love tennis and badminton.
I might even visit you one day.
I don’t think he will come today.
宾语补足语(object complement)
对于宾语的动作，状态进行补充说明，由名词、形容词介词短语，分词，不定式充当。eg.
His wife found the dress beautiful.
The headteacher saw David crying all the while in the class.
同位语(Appositive)
用来对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明。eg.
Miss Chen,our new English teacher,is kind to us.
This is my friend Nancy.
定语(attribute)
用来修饰名词或代词，由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词、短语或从句等充当。
What is your school like
I’ll make a lot of new friends over the next three years.
I value friends who are honest.
状语(adverbial)
用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词、短语或从句等充当。
I live in the city of Melbourne.
I can actually see the ocean from my home.
Please reply if you have time.
小结：词性与成分对应关系
成分 核心词性
主语
谓语
宾语
表语
宾补
定语
状语
名词(n)
动词(v)
一一对应关系
名词(n)
形容词（adj）、名词(n)、介词短语
形容词（adj）、名词(n)、介词短语
形容词（adj）
副词（adv）
简单句的五种基本句型 (FIVE KINDS OF SIMPLE SENTENCES)
TWO
PART
1)S + VWe exercise.Birds can fly.2)S + V + OHe loves sports.Turning to the right, you will find the school.思考：句型1与句型2中的动词有什么区别？_____________________3)S + V + PFriends are important.He became a teacher when he was 21.思考：常见的系动词有哪些？____________________________________句型1中的动词为vi， 句型2中的动词为vtbe, look, seem, sound, get, turn, go, come, fall…4)S + V + IN O + D OShe wrote me a letter.Lucy lends Lily some money.5)S + V + O + OCJenna wants Cheng Hui to reply to her letter.He made her happy.思考：通常用什么词作宾补？__________________形容词、名词、介词短语
对句子的基本理解：
Three
PART
一个句子只有一个主句。
改错：We are Chinese, we love China. _________________________
一个主语有且仅有一个动词（除非中间有连词连接）
指出以下句子的错误并改正：
1) He at home. ________________________
2) I am like apples. ____________________________
Some people hate get up early. ___________________________
There are some people think that it not always wrong to tell lies. ________________
1) 把逗号改成句号，逗号后的w改成大写；
有两个动词，根据句意去掉am
缺谓语，在He后面加is/was
有两个动词，把get改成getting或to get
一个主语people，两个谓语动词。去掉there are
1) 在逗号后面加and；
1) ，改成；
一个句子之内，每两个主谓之间需要一个连词。
从句中缺谓语，在it后面加is
当堂训练
一、标出以下句子的基本成分及修饰成分：
The birds in the cage can fly high in the sky.
The airplane which started from Hongkong at noon arrived here at four p.m.
The man who came here yesterday asked me the way to the station.
They didn’t find it so easy.
They didn’t find it so easily.
She will make him a new dress.
She will make him a good husband.
———--
S
--------------
定
----------
V
------------------
状
---------------
S
--------------------------------------------------
定从
--------
V
-------------------
状
------------
S
---------------------------------
定从
-------
V
----
IO
----------------------------
DO（不定式后置定语）
-------
S
-------------
V
---
O
----------
OC
------
S
-------------
V
---
O
-----------
状
-----
S
------------
V
-----
IO
---------------
DO
----
S
------------
V
-----
O
--------------------
OC
二．Read the following passage carefully and see if you can identify the parts of each sentence: subject, object, predicate, predicative, attribute and adverbial：
He is a world-famous professor. Everybody knows his name. He lives peacefully in
London. He always stays at home, in his study, together with his lovely books.
He seldom goes out. He seldom visits people in the city. He hardly goes shopping
since his wife can do all the housework. He knows few people around his house.
__ _ _ _________ ______
S V 定 P
_______ ____ ______
S V O
__ ___ _________
______
S V 状
__ _____ ___ ______________ ____________________
S 状 V P 状
__ _____ _____
S 状 V
__ ____ _______ _____________
S 状 V O 定
__ ____ ___ _____
[ _____ ____ ____________ ]
S 状 V O
原因状从 S V O
__ _____ ___ ____ ______
S V O 定
He knows little about his community. He never watches TV or goes to the cinema.
He just enjoys doing his research work.
__ ___ ____ ______________
S V O 定
S 状 V O V 状
__ ____ _____ __ ___ _________
__ __ ____ ________________
S 状 V O
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