2024届高考英语二轮复习：主系表结构课件(共20张PPT)

(共20张PPT)
基础语法知识3
主系表结构
学习目标
学习句子的基本结构之三---主系表结构。
01
掌握常见的系动词
02
学习并掌握定语所处的位置。
03
01
主系表结构(S+V+P)
英语中有一类动词叫连系动词，它后面用来说明主语“是什么”、“怎么样”的成分，叫做表语。
此结构中，动词必须是_________动词。
表语多由__________________________充当。
连系
形容词、名词、介词短语
02
be动词
主语 人称代词 名词 I you he she it we they 单数 复数
形式 am are is is is are are is are
过去式：am/is—was，are—were
1) The house __________ very large.
2) We ____________ in the music room.
思考：系动词很多时候是不翻译出来的（有时翻译成‘是’），那么我们一个句子中不使用系动词行不行？为什么？ ______________________________
注意：be动词在构成进行时态、被动语态的时候，或在“be going to +动词原形”, “be to +动词原形”的结构中，是助动词，不是系动词，因此要区别主系表结构与be作助动词的情况！
He was sleeping in class. was 是系动词还是助动词？________________
is/was
are/were
不行，因为没有动词就没有句子。
助动词
表语不表动作，此句子是过去进行时，表过去正在进行的动作
03
系动词的分类
某些动词在表示某些特定意义的时候，也可以作连系动词用，我们在把它们分为三类：
第一类表示持续状态或结果。比如: keep, remain, continue, stay, lie, prove, turn out等。
The students ________________ quiet in class.
He _______________ single all his life.
The weather turned out fine. _______________________
kept/remained
remained/kept/stayed
结果是,被证明是…,变成…
第二类　表示感觉的连系动词。这类动词有：look, sound, smell, taste, feel等。
It tastes good.
His idea _____________ reasonable.
The farm ___________ like a large beautiful garden.
I __________ tired after the long journey.
sounds
looks
felt
第三类　表示变化的连系动词。这类动词有：become, get, turn, go, come, fall等。
He became a teacher at last.
She became famous in 1990.
My dream will _________ true.
思考：以上讲了三类系动词，be动词属于哪一类？______________
come
第一类表示持续状态或结果
思考：怎样判断一个动词是不是用作系动词？
Eg. You can keep the book for 5 days. keep 是什么动词？
方法一：看表语（词性）
方法三：用BE动词去替换该动词,若意思基本上不变,就说明该词为系动词。
方法二：看定义与功能
He fell ill yesterday.
He fell off the ladder.
fall用作系动词
fall用作不及物动词
04
定语的位置
单词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词前面。
I like _______________________ (那个有趣的故事).
短语或句子作定语放在被修饰名词后面。
He will buy the bag (on the table).
_______________________ (树底下的那个人) will speak to you.
不定代词something、anything、nothing的定语后置：
There is _______________________ (一些奇怪的东西) in the sky.
the/that interesting story
The man under the tree
something strange
当堂训练
判断以下句子的基本结构。
The children were happy. ____________________
The children played happily. ____________________
The weather gets warm in spring. _________________
He will get here on time. ____________________
You like your father. ____________________
You are like your father. ____________________
My hobby is reading. ____________________
The boy is reading a book. ____________________
S+V+P
S+V
S+V+P
S+V
S+V+O
S+V+P
S+V+P
S+V+O
2. 改错并说明原因。
She very tall.
The shoes on the floor.
I am play table tennis every Saturday.
We are go to school at 6:00 in the morning.
She dances beautiful.
缺谓语
缺谓语
两个谓语
两个谓语
形容词不可修饰动词
∧
is
∧
are
beautifully
3. 判断句中划线的词是形容词还是副词.
1) The horse is very fast. It runs very fast.
2) You are always early—You get up early, go to school early and finish homework early.
3) Sorry! I’m late. I got up late.
adj
adv
adj
adv
adv
adj
adv
adv
4. 判断句子结构并标出各个句子成分：
Children fall asleep easily.
The trees turn green.
They are tasting the fish．
Eggs go bad in hot weather.
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.
Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.
I found a book on the desk.
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5. 连词成句：
young wife loves his very much handsome man the beautiful
________________________________________________________
happened strange something last Friday in my class
____________________________________________________
lives he next to my house a in building small
_____________________________________________________
The handsome young man loves his beautiful wife very much.
Something strange happened in my class last Friday.
He lives in a small building next to my house.
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