中考英语一轮复习:04数词要点呈现与讲解课件(共25张PPT)

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名称 中考英语一轮复习:04数词要点呈现与讲解课件(共25张PPT)
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更新时间 2023-12-15 19:01:59

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(共25张PPT)
数词
重难知识点复习
表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
数字 基数词 序数词 缩略式 数字 基数词 序数词 缩略式
1 One First 1st 11 Eleven Eleventh 11th
2 Two Second 2nd 12 Twelve Twelfth 12th
3 Three Third 3rd 13 Thirteen Thirteenth 13th
4 Four Fourth 4th 14 Fourteen Fourteenth 14th
5 Five Fifth 5th 15 Fifteen Fifteenth 15th
6 Six Sixth 6th 20 Twenty Twentieth 20th
7 Seven Seventh 7th 21 Twenty one Twenty first 21st
8 Eight Eighth 8th 30 Thirty Thirtieth 30th
9 Nine Ninth 9th 40 Forty Fortieth 40th
10 Ten Tenth 10th 100 A hundred Hundredth 100th
1 one 11 eleven 20 twenty 2 two 12 twelve 21 twenty-one 3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty 9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety 10 ten 100 one(a)hundred 百
1, 000 one(a)thousand 千
10, 000 ten thousand 万
100, 000 one(a)hundred thousand 十万
1, 000, 000 one(a)million 百万
(一) 基数词
1. 基数词的构成方法
下面是最基本的基数词,其他数词都是由这些基数词构成的。
其他基数词的构成方法:
(1)21~99 的表示法。先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间
加连字号“-”。
25 twenty-five 32 thirty-two 49 forty-nine
(2)101~999的表示法。先说“几百”,后接and,再加
末尾两位数(或末位数) 。
206 two hundred and six 460 four hundred and sixty
683 six hundred and eighty-three 999 nine hundred and
ninety-nine
(3)1,000以上的基数词的表示法。先从后向前数,每三位数
加一个逗号,第一个逗号前的数为thousand(千),第二个
逗号前的数为million(百万),第三个逗号前的数为billion
(十亿),然后一段一段地表示。45, 256 forty-five thousand,
two hundred and fifty-six 50, 331, 250 fifty million, three
hundred and thirty-one thousand, two hundred and fifty
2. 基数词的用法
(1)基数词修饰hundred,thousand,million,billion等词
时,这些词要用单数形式;若和介词of搭配构成短语表示不
确定的数目时,这些词要用复数形式。
hundreds of dollars 几百美元
millions of workers 数百万工人
(2)in one’s +数词的复数,意为“在某人……岁时”。
The scientist invented a new machine in his fifties.
这位科学家在他五十多岁的时候发明了一台新机器。
(3)in+the+年的复数,意为“在几十年代”。
Our country changed greatly in the eighties of the last century.
我们的国家在上个世纪八十年代发生了巨大变化。
(4)表示时间
9: 15 nine fifteen/ a quarter past nine
11:30 eleven thirty /half past eleven
11: 50 eleven fifty/ ten to twelve
注意:当分钟数小于或等于30时,可以用介词past 表
达;当分钟数大于30时用介词to表达。
(5)表示序号
Room 301 301号房间 Lesson 5第五课
Bus 332 332路公共汽车
巧记100以内的基数词
基数词不难记,找清规律很容易,十二以内词各异,十三数到十九去,后加-teen莫忘记。二十、三十至九十,尾巴要加-ty。要说“几十几”,中间“-”别丢弃。若说几百几十几,百位十位用and。以上用法要记住,用时千万莫大意。
1st first 2nd second 3rd third 4th fourth 5th fifth 6th sixth 7th seventh 8th eighth 9th ninth 10th tenth 11th eleventh 12th twelfth 13th thirteenth 14th fourteenth 15th fifteenth 16th sixteenth 17th seventeenth 18th eighteenth 19th nineteenth 20th twentieth 30th thirtieth 40th fortieth 50th fiftieth 60th sixtieth 70th seventieth 80th eightieth 90th ninetieth 100th one hundredth 21st twenty-first
22nd twenty-second
23rd twenty-third
35th thirty-fifth
101st
one hundred and first
(二)序数词
1. 序数词的构成方法
下面是最基本的序数词,其他序数词都是由这些序数词构成的。
说明:(1)许多序数词是由相应的基数词后加词尾-th构成
的。
four →fourth,six →sixth,ten→ tenth,sixteen→ sixteenth
(2)少数基数词变序数词时,有特殊的形式,我们要熟
记。
one→ first (1st) two→ second (2nd) three→third (3rd)
nine→ ninth five→ fifth eight→ eighth twelve→ twelfth
(3)以ty结尾的基数词变序数词时,将词尾的y变i,加
-eth。
twentieth 第二十 thirtieth 第三十 fiftieth 第五十
seventieth 第七十 eightieth 第八十
(4)非整十的多位数,只将个位数变成序数词。
twenty-sixth 第二十六
thirty-second 第三十二
ninety-first 第九十一
two hundred and forty-sixth 第二百四十六
2. 序数词的用法
(1)序数词表示顺序,常和the或形容词性物主代词一起使

I live on the third floor. 我住在三楼。
Is this your first visit to our school
这是你第一次参观我们学校吗?
(2)表示日期
May 1(st), 2008 读作:May the first, two thousand and eight. 或the first of May, two thousand and eight. 2008年5月1日
(3)和基数词连用表示分数
1/5 one-fifth 3/4 three-fourths 1/3 one/ a third
2/3 two thirds
表达分数时分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子超过“1”
时,分母用复数形式。
巧记分数表达法
分子基数词,分母序数词。
分子大于一,分母加s。
分母若是2和4,half,quarter可代替。
模拟演练
1. Now, everybody, please turn to Page _____ and look at the _____ picture.
A. Fifth; five B. Five; fifth
C. Fifth; fifth D. Five; five
【解析】选B。基数词前没有冠词,序数词前有定冠词the。
本题后句句意为“请翻到第5页,看第5幅图”,Page Five“第5
页”,用基数词;the fifth picture“第5幅图”,用序数词。故
选B项。
2. Eight _____ students in our school are from countryside.
A. hundreds B. hundred
C. hundreds of D. hundred of
【解析】选B。hundred,thousand,million等数词与基数
词连用时应该用单数形式,不能与of短语连用。故选B项。
3.—We’ll be back for our school’s _____ anniversary ceremony.
—I see. That means you’ll have a get-together with your
classmates in _____ years.
A. fifteen; seven B. fifteenth; seven
C. fifteen; seventh D. fifteenth; seventh
【解析】选B。“学校十五周年庆典”应用序数词表示;in后
跟时间段,应该用基数词表示,故选B项。
4. “What time do you usually get up, John ” “I usually get up
at _____.”
A. half past six B. half to six
C. half after six D. half quarter six
【解析】选A。6:30的正确表达为half past six; 当分钟数小
于或等于30时,结构是“分钟+past+该点钟”意为“几点过几
分”;如果分钟数大于30,就用to来表示,结构是“分钟+to+
下一点钟”意为“差几分到几点”;注意15分钟可以用quarter
来表达,而30分钟可以用half来表达。
5.A war took place in _____.
A. the 1720’s B. 1720s
C. 1720’s D. the 1720
【解析】选A。考查年代的表示法。表示“在十八世纪二十
年代”要用 in the 1720’s,故正确答案为A。
6.—There is a wrong word in line _____.
—Where
—In the _____ line.
A. two; two B. two; second
C. second; two D. second; second
【解析】选B。表示“在二/三排”应用in line two/ three或in
the second/ third line两种表达方式。分析比较四个选项可排
除A、C、D三项,故选B项。
7.—How was your day off yesterday
—Perfect! It was _____ birthday of my grandpa’s. We had a
big family celebration.
A. seventy B. seventieth C. the seventieth D. seven
【解析】选C。句意:——昨天你的休息日过得怎么样?
——非常好!昨天是我爷爷的第七十个生日。我们进行了大
规模的庆祝。表达第多少个生日时用序数词,且前面加定冠
词the。故答案为C。
8. Nowadays _____ of business letters are written in English.
A. two third B. two thirds
C. two three D. second three
【解析】选B。分数表达法为“分子用基数词,分母用序数
词,分子大于1分母加s”。故答案为B项。
9. There’s much meat in the basket, but _____ of it is dirty.
A. two three B. two third
C. one seconds D. two thirds
【解析】选D。表达分数时分子用基数词,分母用序数词,
分子超过“1”时,分母用复数形式,故答案为D。
10. _____ of the land in the district _____ covered with trees
and grass.
Two fifths; is B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifth; is D. Two fifths; are
【解析】选A。“五分之二”表示为two fifths,主语land是不
可数名词,谓语动词用is,故答案为A项。