中考英语一轮复习语法知识
介词
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考点复习
1
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第一部分 常考介词的辨析
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,使用频率相当高,其用法跟冠词一样复杂。但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看,考生需要掌握以下内容。
1.表示相同或相似概念的介词(短语)的区别
表示的概念 介词(短语) 区 别 例
时间 in on at at在一个时间点上; in在一段的时间之内; on在具体日子。 ①at 8 o’clock, at noon ②in the 1990s, in January ③on Monday, on a warm morning
since from since 指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用; from指从时间的某一点开始。 ①We have not seen each other since 1995. ②I hope to do morning exercises from today.
in, after in指在一段时间之后,也可以指一段时间之内=within; after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中。 ①We’ll be back in three days. ②After seven the rain began to fall. ③What shall we do after graduation
in the end at the end of by the end of in the end作"最后"、"终于"解,单独作句子成分,后不接介词of;at the end of 表示"在……末梢","到……尽头",既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体,不可单独使用;by the end of 作 "在……结束时", "到……末为止"解,只能指时间。不可单独使用。 ①In the end they reached a place of safety. ②At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden. ③They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week. ④By the end of last month he had finished the novel.
位置 between among 一般说来,between表示两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间。 ①You are to sit between your father and me. ②He is always happy among his classmates.
注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西, 强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时,就用between。 ①Agreements were made between the different countries. ②The little valley lies between high mountains. ③They don’t know the difference between wheat, rice and coin.
in on to in表示在某范围内; on指与什么毗邻; to指在某环境范围之外。 ①Changchun is in the northeast of China. ②Mongolia is on the north of China. ③Japan is to the east of China.
on in on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分。 ①There is a book on the piece of paper. ②There is an interesting article in the newspaper. ③ He dug a hole in the wall.
in into in通常表示位置(静态); into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。 ①We walked in the park. ②We walked into the park.
through across through表示从内部通过,与in 有关;across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与on有关。 ①Water flows through the pipe. ②The old man walked across the street.
in the corner on the corner at the corner in the corner 表示在角落里,in指角的内面;on the corner表示"在角上",on指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;at the corner指"在拐角处",at指的是拐角外附近的外面。 ①The lamp stands in the corner of the room. ②I met with him at the street corner. ③He sat on the corner of the table.
除了 besides except but except for besides指"除了……还有,再加上";except指"除了,减去什么",不能放在句首。but 与except意思近似,表示"除了……外"经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。except for表示"如无……就,只是"表明理由细节。 ①All went out besides me. ②All went out except me. ③I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper. ④His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
表示的概念 构成 例
动作(表进行概念、表被动的关系) at+名词 at dinner/table在吃饭 at work在工作 at war交战 at cards 在玩牌 at work 在办公 at play 在玩耍 at rest在休息 school在上学 at press正在排印 at church在做礼拜
beyond+名词 beyond belief难以置信 beyond control不听管教。 beyond compare无可比拟 beyond description难以形容 beyond expression无法表达 beyond suspicion无可怀疑
in+名词 或in +名词+of+名词 in the army在当兵 in need of需要 in action在运转 in progress在进行 in operation在运行中 in use 开始使用 in sight看得见 in store贮藏着 in course of construction正在兴建当中。 in (good) repair维修良好的 in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。 in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由……负责 in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被……拥有
on+名词 on business办事/出差 on holiday/vacation/leave在休假 on watch值班 on duty值勤/日 on guard在值勤 on strike在罢工 on sale出售 on loan借贷 on the march在行军 on trial在试用 on the air在广播 on fire在燃烧 on the move 在移动,搬迁,离开 on show/display/ exhibition在展出
under+名词 under control在控制之中 under discussion在讨论 underdevelopment在发展中 under observation在观察中 under test在被测试 under construction在建设中 under fire在炮火中 under examination在检查/调查中 under consideration在考虑中 under repair在修理中 under arrest被逮捕 under attack受到袭击 under medical treatment在治疗中 under study在研究中
其他 against one’s opinion反对某人的见解 for one’s opinion同意某人的见解 above reproach无可指责,无可非议 above suspicion不受怀疑 above criticism无可指责 at the mercy of在……支配下;任由……摆布 for sale供出售 for rent供出租 within sight看得见
第二部分 英语中的方位介词
介词的种类很多。有许多表示事物存在的方向和位置的介词,我们称之为方位介词。如in(在……里),behind (在……后面),down (向下)等等。其中有些方位介词的意义比较接近,在用法上很难区分,如on, over, above 都有“在……之上”的意思,但含义却不尽相同。我们可以用三个图示配以简短的文字叙述来说明这三个介词的不同用法。
on
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(强调与物体的表面相接触)
)
(
(不必与物体表面相接触,但强调与物体的位置垂直)
)over
(
(不必与物体表面相接触,也不必与物体的位置垂直)
)above
通过这种方法,我们很容易掌握这三个介词的用法。现将初中英语教材中的部分方位介词用图示的方法归纳列举如下:
介 词 图 示 意 义 例 句
1 in 在……之内 The students are reading in the classroom. 学生们在教师里读书。
2 on 在……上面 The boat is on the river. 那条船在河上。
3 over 在……(正)上方 There are several bridges over the river. 河上有好几座桥。
4 under 在……(正)下方 The boat sailed under the bridge. 船在桥下行驶。
5 obove 在……上方 The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云上飞行。
6 below 在……下方 The sun sinks below the horizon. 太阳沉没在地平线下。
7 By 在……旁边 Our house is by the river. 我们的房子在河边。
Beside Come and sit beside me. 过来坐在我旁边。
8 near 在……附近 I don’t need a car because I live near the city centre . 我不需要汽车,因为我住在靠近市中心
9 next to 紧挨…… My best friend sits next to me in class. 上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。
10 behind 在……后面 Olive hid behind a tree. 奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。
11 before 在……之前 He made a speech before a large audience. 他在许多观众面前发表了讲话。
12 outside 在……外面 He parked his car outside the heater. 他把汽车停在剧场外面。
13 to 到……去 We walked to the fruit shop. 我们步行到水果店。
14 from 从……来 We traveled to London from Edingburgh. 我们从爱丁堡旅行到伦敦。
15 (a)round 围绕…… All sat around the table. 所有的人围绕着桌子坐。
16 between 在……之间(指二者) The letter B is between A and C. 字母B在A和C之间。
17 among 在……之间(指三者或三者以上) The house stands among the trees. 房子在树丛中。
18 across 横过、越过…… If the road is busy, don’t walk across it. 如果道路拥挤,就不要横穿马路。
19 through 穿过…… We drove through the tunnel. 我们开车穿过了隧道。
20 onto 向上 The men lift the baskets onto the trucks. 人们把篮子运上卡车。
21 into 进入到…之内 They put the apples into the baskets. 他们把苹果放进篮子里。
22 out of 从……出来 Don’t look out of the window in class. 上课时不要朝窗外看。
23 along 沿着 Walk along this street, then turn left, you can see the post office. 沿着这条街走,然后向右拐,你就可以看到邮局。
24 up 向上 The monkeys climbed up the trees to pick the bananas. 猴子爬上树上去摘香蕉。
25 down 向下 The ball is rolling down the hill. 球正往山下滚。
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知识强化
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一、单项选择
1. The 2022 Winter Olympic Games finished _________ Feb. 20th, 2022.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
2. Danny has been ready for the exam ________ last June. He got a pleasant result.
A. while B. after C. before D. since
3. The manned spaceship Shenzhou XIII returned to the earth safely ________ April 16, 2022.
A. in B. on C. at D. since
4. —When did he leave for Shanghai
—________ the morning of March 3.
A. On B. At C. In D. For
5. Tom has lived ________ the big city for a long time.
A. in B. on C. under D. from
6. We will go to Chengde for vacation ________ July. I am so excited.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
7. —Mike, I will have a party ________ the evening of Saturday. Would you like to join us
—Yes, I’d like to.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
8. He found the homeless dog and took it home ________ a summer evening.
A. in B. at C. for D. on
9. Tim is going to give his father a surprise ________ Father’s Day.
A. in B. at C. to D. on
10. The 24th Beijing Winter Olympics began ________ 4th February, 2022.
A. in B. at C. on D. for
11. Chongqing is a wonderful city which lies ________ the southwest of China.
A. at B. in C. to D. on
12. Try your best to study and your dream will come true ________ June.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
13. —What do you often do ________ rainy days
—Read some books.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
14. — It’s impossible to learn physics well ________ knowledge of maths.
— I couldn’t agree more! So we should also learn maths well.
A. against B. beyond C. without D. between
15. —Excuse me. How does the machine work
—It runs ________ electricity.
A. in B. by C. on D. with
16. ________ a spring morning, we were very excited to see a bird fly into our classroom.
A. In B. On C. At D. For
17. The second lesson of “Tiangong classroom” began ________ March 23, 2022.
A. on B. in C. at D. for
18. The opening ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games was ________ the evening of February 4.
A. at B. in C. on
19. Walk ________ the bridge and you’ll find the post office.
A. through B. cross C. across D. past
20. —Your sweater looks very nice. What’s it made ________?
—Wool, and it’s made ________ Wuhan.
A. from; on B. of; in
C. of; on D. from; in
21. ________ her forties, she began to learn the piano.
A. At B. On C. For D. In
22. —Look, Peter is writing ________ his left hand.
—Wow, cool!
A. in B. by C. with D. through
23. ________ 14:23 ________ March 21, 2022, China Eastern Airlines flight MU5735 crashed in Teng County, Wuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
A. In; in B. On; in C. At; on D. On; on
24. ________ the afternoon of April 30th, many foreign visitors arrived ________ Shanghai.
A. In; at B. On; in C. On; to D. In; in
25. ______ such a cold morning, I also got up __________ 6 o’clock to go for a run as usual.
A. On; at B. On; in C. In; at D. In; on
26. The two sessions (两会) were held successfully in Beijing ________ March, 2022.
A. until B. for C. in D. on
27. Generally speaking, the sun is the highest in the sky ________ noon.
A. at B. by C. till D. after
28. — When did the three Shenzhou-13 astronauts give a class from China’s Tiangong space station
—________ 3:45 p.m. ________ December 9th, 2021.
A. At; on B. At; in C. In; on D. For; at
29. Tom often gets up early and makes breakfast ________ Mother’s Day.
A. in B. for C. at D. on
30. A sports meeting will be held in our school ________ Friday.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
31. I often take my dog for a walk ________ the river after dinner.
A. along B. above C. over D. under
32. I will be in senior high school two months. I can’t believe the time went by so fast.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
33. Some people buy many useless things________ Double Eleven Day. It’s a waste of money.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
34. We often study English ________ reading out aloud.
A. in B. by C. on D. for
35. ________ milk and cheese, we also need some vegetables and fruit for our salad.
A. Except B. Without C. Besides D. Of
36. —I could tell ________ the look on her face that something exciting had happened ________ a cold evening.
—Exactly!
A. on, in B. with, on C. by, on D. by, in
37. — Sorry, you can’t enter our museum now. It’s ________ the visiting hours.
— Oh, I didn’t notice the time. I’ll come early tomorrow.
A. off B. against C. beyond D. opposite
38. —Dr. Martin Luther King was killed ________ April 4th, 1968.
—What a pity! Today is April 4th, 2022. I think 54 years ________ a short time, but I still remember him.
A. in; are B. on; aren’t C. on; isn’t D. in; is
39. ________ China’s National Constitution Day (国家宪法日), many educational activities are carried out to raise constitutional awareness ________ the public.
A. In;between B. On;between C. On;among D. In;among
40. I’m looking forward to ________ a new life in the high school that I’ve dreamt of.
A. start B. starts C. started D. starting
二、完成句子
41. 时间飞逝!再有两周我们就要毕业了。
How time flies! We are going to graduate from school ________.
42. 你能给我一些处理这个问题的建议吗?
Could you give me some suggestions for ________ ________ the problem
43. 这位老师坐在他的学生中间,和他们聊得很开心。
The teacher is sitting __________________________ and talking happily with them.
44. 明天上午放风筝怎么样?
What about ________ a ________ tomorrow morning
45. 很多女孩子现在喜欢用手机自拍。
Many girls now enjoy ________ photos ________ themselves with their mobile phones.
46. 没有互联网,我们就不能在几秒钟之内相互发送短信息。
________ the Internet, ________ is ________ ________ us to send short messages to each other in a few seconds.
47. 同学们都在寻找学好英语的秘诀。
All the students are looking for the ________ ________ learning English well.
48. 愚人节那天,汤姆发生什么事了?
What happened to Tom ___________________________________
49. 莉莉坐在芳芳的旁边。
Lily sits ________ Fangfang.
50. 马来西亚位于东南亚,占地面积大约33万平方公里。
Malaysia ____________ South East Asia. It ____________ about 330 thousand square metres.
51. 作为志愿者在社区中心工作是很有意义的。
It’s meaningful to ____________________.
52. 我也学会了像“这简直是小菜一碟”和“你活该”这样有用的句子。
I also learned useful sentences _________ “It’s a piece of cake” or “It _________ you right”.
53. 你介意为我们做一个关于餐桌礼仪的演讲吗?
Do you ______________________________________ for us
54. 美丽的常州是我的家乡。它位于中国的东部。
The beautiful city — Changzhou is my hometown. _____________________________________.
55. 芦笛岩是一个有着众多奇特造型岩石的洞穴。
The Reed Flute Cave is a cave ____________________________________________________.
56. 时间飞逝!我们将在几周后毕业。
How time flies! We are going to graduate _________.
57. 冬奥会期间,这家餐厅为来自世界各地的运动员提供六百多道不菜品。
_______ 600 dishes _______ _______ _______ the global athletes in this restaurant during the Winter Olympics.
58. 人们喜欢在每年三月放风筝。
People like to fly kites ________ every year.
59. 他在花园里看到了一只漂亮的小猫。
He saw a beautiful cat ________.
60. 我们将在2022年9月开始新生活的旅程。
We will set out our new journey ____________, 2022.
61. 玛丽擅长数学,她总能用不同的方法解答难题。
Mary is good at math and she can solve the difficult problems ________.
62. 下雪天开车小心。
Drive carefully ____________________.
63. 在周三晚上,他与他爸爸一起去游泳。
He swims with his father ________.
64. 学校对面过去曾有个酒店。
There used to be a hotel ________ the school.
65. 河上有一座古桥。
There is an ancient bridge ________.
66. 东京奥运会将于2021年7月23日举办。
Tokyo Olympic games ______ ______ ______ ______ July 23rd, 2021.
67. 别怕犯错误, 我们可以从众多错误中学到东西。
Don’t be afraid of _____________ ______________ and we can learn from them.
68. 没有努力工作,梦想不可能实现。
A dream can’t come true _____________________.
69. 好的学习者不怕在练习的时候犯错误。
Good learners ________________________________ while practicing.
70. 水、电、气断了,他们生活的方方面面都受到严重的影响。
_________water, electricity and gas________ _______, all aspects of their life were ________ affected.
71. 习主席的这次访问意义重大,将大力推动两国发展。
The visit of President Xi is so meaningful ________ the development of the two countries greatly.
72. 这些登山者的精神向我们表明:我们决不应该放弃实现自己梦想的尝试。(achieve)
The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never ________.
73. 选择的酒店价位不同,提供给你的服务水平不同。
Choosing hotels at different prices, you will be provided _______________________________.
74. 玲玲坐在大明旁边。
Lingling sits ________ ________ Daming.
75. 当我到达那儿时,电影《你好,李焕英》已经开演半个小时了。
The film Hi, Mom had already been on ________________ when I arrived there.
76. 我们决定在周六的下午去帮助清洁工打扫人民公园。
We decide to help street cleaners clean up the People’s Park ________.
77. 他以怀疑的眼光上下打量我。
He looked me up and down ________.
78. 在你新桌子的上方放盏灯是很方便的。
Having a light ________ your ________ desk is very convenient.
79. 我们经常被建议要多和父母交流而不是保守秘密。
We are often _________________________ it to ourselves. (advise)
80. 汤姆,过来和其他同学站成一排!
Come and stand ________________ the other students, Tom!
三、短文填空
1
根据短文及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使其意思完整。
A salt seller used to carry big bags of salt on his donkey’s back as he made his way to the market every day.
On the way there, they had to c____81____ a river. One day, the donkey took a sudden fall into the river. The big bags of salt a____82____ fell into the water. The salt seller didn’t notice, but some of the salt dissolved in the water, making the bags much lighter to carry. The donkey r____83____ this and felt much more comfortable on his way to the market.
The next day, the donkey did the same thing, except this t____84____, he fell in the water on purpose. Again, the bags were lighter and e____85____ to carry.
The salt seller soon found out w____86____ was going on and decided to teach his donkey a lesson. The next day, he put two big bags of cotton on the donkey’s back. Again the donkey played the same trick, hoping that the bags would become e____87____ lighter.
But the cotton that fell into the water instead became very h____88____ to carry. The donkey learned a lesson and didn’t play this trick anymore after that day.
Sometimes, we might feel tempted (有诱惑力的) to take shortcuts or cheat when we have a lot of hard w____89____ to do. However, taking shortcuts and cheating will often come back to h____90____ us later. It is better to simply work honestly.
2
阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
People send birthday greetings by using cards in both eastern and Western countries. It is not ____91____ (know) when and where exactly the tradition of sending birthday cards began. It is believed that it began in England in ____92____ early nineteenth century. In those days people sent birthday cards when they couldn’t wish somebody a happy birthday in ____93____ [ p :sn].
In 1840, the first stamp was used in Britain and sending birthday cards became ____94____ (easy), cheaper and more popular. The development of ____95____ [ k l ] printing processes in the 1930s also helped to increase the ____96____ (sell) of birthday cards.
Today cards are often ____97____ (give) with a present, even when people can express their wishes face to face. In recent times e-cards have also become popular. Many people are starting to use e-cards instead of traditional cards ____98____ they are free, environmentally friendly and easy to arrive. So will e-cards take place of paper cards completely in ten or twenty years Probably ____99____. For example, for kids and old people, they don’t use e-cards very often.
If your birthday is coming soon, do you wish that at _____100_____ [li:st] one person could congratulate you with a beautiful card then
3
阅读下面短文,根据语境、音标或单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Many people in Asia eat rice every day. It is a big part of the Asian diet. People also use rice to make rice ___101___ /’nu:dlz/, rice flour (粉), rice milk, rice cake and rice paper. Rice grows in rice paddies (稻田). You can find rice paddies in many ___102___ (place). There can be thousands of rice plants in one paddy. Each plant is ___103___ (call) a stalk (秆). Each stalk of rice has over one hundred grains (谷粒) on it.
When farmers grow rice, they must take good care ___104___ it so that it can grow well. Rice needs good soil, a lot of sunshine and a lot of water. Rice ___105___ needs space to grow. This is why farmers usually plant rice stalks in rows. Then each plant has enough space around it. Temperature is very important, too. Rice grows best in ___106___ /w :m/ places.
The ___107___ (one) step to grow rice is preparing the land. It must be level. When the land is ready, the farmers plant the rice and ___108___ (cover) it with water. After the rice starts to grow, farmers move the little stalks to a bigger ___109___ /fi:ld/. Then they watch and wait. ___110___ takes about three to six months for a rice plant to become ready. Then the rice is harvested by the farmers, so people can eat the rice.
参考答案
一、
1. B【解析】句意:2022年冬奥会于2022年2月20日结束。
考查介词辨析。in在(年、月、季节);on在(具体某一天);at在(某一时刻);for长达(一段时间)。根据“Feb. 20th, 2022”可知,空后具体到2月20日这一天,用on。故选B。
2. D【解析】句意:丹妮自从去年六月就为考试做准备了。他取得了一个令人开心的结果。
考查介词辨析。while当……时候,连词;after之后,介词或连词;before之前,介词或连词;since自从,介词或连词。根据“Danny has been ready for the exam ... last June. He got a pleasant result.”可知前半句用的是现在完成时,结合选项,since用于现在完成时并符合整个语境。故选D。
3. B【解析】句意:人造飞船“神舟十三号”在2022年4月16日安全返回了地球。
考查时间介词。in用在较长时间段,例如月份、季节、年份前;on用在具体某一天前;at用在具体时刻前;since自从,主句用现在完成时。此处时间是 “April 16, 2022”,有具体的日子,因此用on。故选B。
4. A【解析】句意:——他什么时候动身去上海的?——在3月3日上午。
考查介词辨析。On后接具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上;At后接时刻;In 后接月份、年份、季节;For为了。根据“the morning of March 3”可知,涉及到具体的一天,应该用介词on。故选A。
5. A【解析】句意:汤姆已经住在这个大城市很长时间了。
考查介词辨析。in“在……里”;on“在……上”;under“在……正下方”;from“从”;in+地点,in the big city“在大城市里”。故选A。
6. A【解析】句意:我们将在七月份去承德度假。我太激动了。
考查介词。in+年,月,季节;on+具体某一天;at+时刻点;by+时间点,表示“到……为止”。本题空格后为“July”月份,所以用介词in。故选A。
7. B【解析】句意:——迈克,我将在周六晚上举行一个聚会。你想加入我们吗?——是的,我想去。
考查介词。at用于具体的钟点前;in用于年、月、季节等泛指的时间前;on用于具体的某一天前,或具体某一天的上/下午/晚上前;with和;根据“the evening of Saturday”可知,此处指的是具体的一天的晚上,应用介词on,故选B。
8. D【解析】句意:他找到了这只流浪狗,并在一个夏日的傍晚把它带回家。
考查介词辨析。in后加某年某月某季节等;at加具体的时刻;for后加一段时间;on后加具体的某一天。根据“a summer evening.”可知,此处是一个夏日的傍晚,具体到了某一天,故选D。
9. D【解析】句意:Tim打算在父亲节那天给他的爸爸一个惊喜。
考查介词辨析。in在,用于年、月、季节等名词前;at在,用于具体的时刻前;to到;on在,用于具体的某一天的名词前。根据“Father’s Day”可知父亲节是具体的某一天,因此其前应用介词on。故选D。
10. C【解析】句意:第24届北京冬奥会于2022年2月4日开幕。
考查介词辨析。in在……内;at在;on在(某一天);for表示一段时间。根据“4th February, 2022”可知,在具体某一天前使用时间介词on。故选C。
11. B【解析】句意:重庆是一座位于中国西南部的美丽城市。
考查介词辨析。at在(某处),通常接的是小地方;in在……之内,指一个小地方处在一个大地方的范围(疆域)之内;to指一个地方在另一个地方的范围之外且不接壤;on指两地是相邻接壤的关系。根据常识可知,重庆市位于中国西南地区,故应用介词in。故选B。
12. A【解析】句意:尽你最大的努力去学习,你的梦想在六月就会实现。
考查介词辨析。in在,用于年、月、季节前;on在,用于具体的某一天前;at在,用于具体的时刻前;for为,为了。June是六月,为具体的月份,其前应用介词in。故选A。
13. B【解析】句意:——在下雨天你经常做些什么? ——看书。
考查介词辨析。in在较长的一段时间;on在特定的某一天或某几天;at在某时;to到某时。根据“rainy days”可知,此处表示在下雨天,属于特定的某几天,故搭配介词on;on rainy days表示“在下雨天”。故选B。
14. C【解析】句意:——没有数学知识就不可能学好物理。——我完全同意!所以我们也应该学好数学。
考查介词辨析。without没有;beyond超出;against反对;between在……之间。根据“So we should also learn maths well.”可知,学好物理不能没有数学知识,用without。故选C。
15. C【解析】句意:——对不起,这台机器是怎么工作的?—— 它靠电运转。
考查介词辨析。in使用(语言或材料),在……里; by使用,通过(方法、手段,交通工具);on通过(带电的通讯), 在……上;with用(工具),和,带有。run on electricity“靠电力运行”,on electricity“用电”,固定词组。故选C。
16. B【解析】句意:在一个春天的早晨,我们很兴奋地看到一只鸟飞进了我们的教室。
考查介词辨析。In用于年、月、季节等;On用于具体的一天;At在;For为了。根据“ a spring morning”可知,是指具体的一个春天早晨,故选B。
17. A【解析】句意:“天宫课堂”第二节课于2022年3月23日开始。
考查介词辨析。on后接具体某一天等;in后接年、月、季节等;at后接具体时刻等;for后接时间段。根据“March 23, 2022”可知指在2022年3月23日这一天,用介词on。故选A。
18. C【解析】句意:北京2022年冬季奥运会开幕式于2月4日晚举行。
考查介词辨析。at用于具体的钟点前;in用于年、月、季节等泛指的时间前;on用于具体的某一天前,或具体某一天的上/下午/晚上前;根据“the evening of February 4.”可知,此处是指具体一天的晚上,故选C。
19. C【解析】句意:走过这座桥,你就会找到邮局。
考查介词用法。through通过;cross穿过,动词;across穿过,介词;past经过。根据“Walk...the bridge”可知是穿过桥,是从表面穿过,walk across“穿过”。故选C。
20. B【解析】句意:——你的毛衣看起来很漂亮。它是什么做的?—— 羊毛,它是武汉制造的。
考查介词。be made from/of意为“由……制成”,of后面跟制成品可看出原材料,制作过程仅发生物理变化,from后面跟制成品看不出原材料,制作过程发生了化学变化。be made in在某个地方制造,或某年月制造; on后面跟在具体某一天, be made on在某天制造。根据回答“Wool”可知毛衣是羊毛制造的,能看出材料,用of;根据空格后“Wuhan”是地点,应用in。故选B。
21. D【解析】句意:在他四十岁时,她开始学钢琴。
考查介词辨析。at后接具体时刻;on后接具体一天;for后接一段时间;in后接某年某月某季节。in one’s+整十的基数词复数形式,表示“在某人多大年龄时”,故选D。
22. C【解析】句意:——看,彼得正在用左手写字。——哇,很酷!
考查介词辨析。in在……里;by凭;with用;through通过。根据语境可知,句子说的是彼得在用左手写字,考查with“用”,在句中作方式状语。故选C。
23. C【解析】句意:2022年3月21日14时23分,中国东方航空公司MU5735航班在广西壮族自治区梧州市滕县坠毁。
考查介词。at用于具体的钟点前;in用于年、月、季节等泛指的时间前;on用于具体的某一天前,或具体某一天的上/下午/晚上前;第一空后是具体的时间点“14:23”,应用介词at;第二空后是“March 21, 2022”,是具体的一天,应用介词on,故选C。
24. B【解析】句意:4月30日下午,许多外国游客抵达上海。
考查介词辨析。in作为时间介词,用于世纪、年、月、季节等;at常用于表示钟点等;on作为时间介词,用于具体某天或者具体某天的上午、下午或晚上等;to到。根据“the afternoon of April 30th”可知,第一空后的时间为具体某天的下午,应用on,排除A和D;根据“Shanghai”可知,上海是个大地点,arrive in+较大的地点,arrive at+较小的地点,没有arrive to的搭配,第二空为in,排除C。故选B。
25. A【解析】句意:在这样一个寒冷的早晨,我也像往常一样6点钟起床去跑步。
考查介词辨析。on后接具体某一天的上下午晚上等;at后接具体时刻等;in后接年、月、季节等。根据“... such a cold morning”可知此处指在具体的一个寒冷的早晨,第一空用介词On;再由“6 o’clock”可知在具体钟表时刻前用介词at。故选A。
26. C【解析】句意:两会于2022年3月在北京成功举办。
考查介词辨析。until直到;for加一段时间;in后加某年某月某季节;on后加具体到某一天或具体某一天的早晨、下午和晚上。空后“March, 2022”是指具体的月份,用介词in。故选C。
27. A【解析】句意:一般来说,中午的时候太阳在天空中是最高的。
考查介词辨析。at后加具体的时刻;by借助;till直到;after在……之后。固定短语at noon“在中午”。故选A。
28. A【解析】句意:——神舟十三号的三位宇航员是什么时候在天宫空间站上上课的?——2021年12月9日下午3:45。
考查介词辨析。in后加某年某月某季节;on后加具体的某一天;at后加具体的时刻。第一空后是具体时刻;第二空是具体到某一天应用介词on。故选A。
29. D【解析】句意:汤姆经常在母亲节早早起床并做早餐。
考查介词辨析。in在……里面,用在年份、月份、季节等之前;for为了;at用在具体时刻、年龄等之前;on在……上,用在具体日期之前。根据“Mother’s Day”可知,在具体日期之前用介词on。故选D。
30. C【解析】句意:星期五将在我们学校举行运动会。
考查介词辨析。at后加具体的时刻;in后加某年某月某季节;on后加具体到某一天或具体某一天的早晨、下午和晚上;for+一段时间。空后“Friday”是具体的某一天,用介词on。故选C。
31. A【解析】句意:晚饭后我经常带我的狗沿河散步。
考查词义辨析。along沿着,顺着;above在……上面;over (部分或全部覆盖)在……上面,超过;under在……下面。根据“I often take my dog for a walk… the river”可知是沿着河散步,故选A。
32. B【解析】句意:两个月后我就要上高中了。我不敢相信时间过得这么快。
考查介词辨析。at+时间点;in+时间段表将来;on+具体的某一天;for为了。根据“I will be in senior high school...”可知,此句是一般将来时,应用表将来的时间状语,in two months“两个月后”。故选B。
33. B【解析】句意:有些人在双十一日买了很多没用的东西。这是浪费钱。
考查介词辨析。in+年、月、季节;on+具体某一天;at+时刻点;with 和。根据“Double Eleven Day双十一”可知,是具体某一天。故选B。
34. B【解析】句意:我们经常通过大声朗读来学习英语。
考查介词辨析。in在……里面;by通过;on在……上面;for为了。根据“study English…reading out aloud”可知,空处表示通过朗读学英语,故选B。
35. C【解析】句意:除了牛奶和奶酪,我们还需要一些蔬菜和水果做沙拉。
考查介词辨析。except除了,不包括其后的事物;without没有;besides除了,包括其后的事物;of表所属。根据“...for our salad.”可知做沙拉需要牛奶和奶酪,所以是包括在内,故选C。
36. C【解析】句意:——从她脸上的表情我可以看出,在一个寒冷的晚上发生了一些令人兴奋的事情。——没错!
考查介词辨析。on在……上,或用在具体某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上前;with和,带有,用……工具;by通过(方式,媒介);in用于较长时间段前。根据“tell”可知空格处填by,tell by从……可以看出,依据……判断,通过……认知到,固定短语。由“a cold evening”可知用on,此处指具体的晚上。故选C。
37. C【解析】句意:——对不起,你现在不能进入我们的博物馆。已经超过参观时间了。——哦,我没注意到时间。我明天早点来。
考查介词辨析。off从……离开;against反对;beyond超出;opposite在……对面;根据“Oh, I didn’t notice the time. I’ll come early tomorrow.”可知,是超出参观时间了,故选C。
38. C【解析】句意:——马丁·路德·金博士在1968年4月4日被杀害。——真遗憾!今天是2022年4月4日。我想54年不算短,但我仍然记得他。
考查介词和主谓一致。in用于年、月、季节等泛指的时间前;on用于具体的某一天前,或具体某一天的上/下午/晚上前。“April 4th, 1968.”是具体的一天,介词用on;第二空主语“54 years”是一个整体,谓语用单数形式,故选C。
39. C【解析】句意:在中国的国家宪法日,开展了许多教育活动,以提高公众的宪法意识。
考查介词。in用于年、月和季节之前;on用于具体的某一天之前;between在两者之间;among在三者或三者以上中间。第一空是用于具体的某一天,故应用on;第二空表示三者或三者以上当中,故应用among。故选C。
40. D【解析】句意:我正期待着在高中开始我梦寐以求的新生活。
考查非谓语用法。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是动词短语look forward to“期待做某事”,to为介词,后接动名词形式。故选D。
二、
41. in two weeks【解析】“再有两周”也就是“两周后”,in“ 在(某段时间)之后”;two weeks“两周”。故填in two weeks。
42. dealing##doing with【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“处理”,其英文表达为deal/do with;介词for后跟动名词形式。故填dealing/doing;with。
43. among his students【解析】根据汉语意思可知,空处缺少“他的学生中间”的英文表达,among“在……中间(三者及三者以上)”,his “他的”,students“学生”,此处用复数形式。故填among his students。
44. flying kite【解析】“放风筝”fly a kite,介词about后接动名词flying。故填flying;kite。
45. taking of【解析】拍照用动词take,enjoy后用动名词作宾语,因此第一空填taking;自拍即拍某人自己的照片,表示所属关系用介词of表示。故填taking;of。
46. Without it impossible for【解析】根据中英文对照可知,第一空表达的意思是“没有”,使用介词without构成状语,句首单词首字母大写;剩余三空表达的意思是“对于……来说……是不可能的”,第二空使用it作形式主语,真正的主语是to do不定式,impossible“不可能的”,it is impossible for sb to do sth“对于某人来说做某事是不可能的”,故填Without;it;impossible;for。
47. secret of【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空处应填“……的秘诀”。the secret of“……的秘密”,故填secret;of。
48. on April Fool’s Day【解析】April Fool’s Day“在愚人节”,在某一天前用介词on,on April Fool’s Day“在愚人节”。故填on April Fool’s Day。
49. next to【解析】由中英文对照可知,缺少“在旁边”;next to“紧挨,在旁边”,介词短语作状语。故填next to。
50. lies##is in has an area of【解析】根据中英文对照可知,缺少“位于”和“占地面积”。lie/be in+地点“位于某地”;have an area of“有着多大的面积”。结合题干,表示客观事实用一般现在时,主语为“Malaysia”,故动词要用第三人称单数。故填lies/be in;has an area of。
51. work as volunteers at community centres##work as a volunteer at community centres【解析】空格处应表示“作为志愿者在社区中心工作”;work as volunteers/a volunteer作为志愿者工作,动词为原形,和to构成动词不定式; at community centres“在社区中心”。故填work as volunteers/a volunteer at community centreswork。
52. like serves【解析】根据“像”以及空格数量可知,第一空用介词like表示“像”;“It serves you right”表示“你活该”,故填like;serves。
53. mind giving/making a speech on/about table manners
【解析】根据中英文对比可知,空格处应填“介意做一个关于餐桌礼仪的演讲”的英文表达。介意做某事:mind doing sth.;做一个演讲:give/make a speech;关于:on/about;餐桌礼仪:table manners。助动词Do后动词应用原形,所以动词“mind”不变形。故填mind giving/making a speech on/about table manners。
54. It lies in the east of China【解析】句中陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。“它”it;“位于”在此处指在内部,用lie in,主语“It”后接动词第三人称单数lies;“中国的东部”the east of China。故填It lies in the east of China。
55. with many rocks in different/unusual shapes/which/that has many rocks in different shapes【解析】“有着”可用with表示;“众多”many;岩石“rocks”;“奇特造型”in different/unusual shapes。此处也可用定语从句,先行词a cave指物,且在从句中作主语,用which或that引导定语从句;“有”have,先行词是单数,谓语动词用has。故填with many rocks in different/unusual shapes/which/that has many rocks in different shapes。
56. in several weeks【解析】“几”several,后接名词复数;“周”week。根据“我们将在几周后毕业。”可知此处用“in+时间段”结构。故填in several weeks。
57. Over were provided for【解析】over“超过”,大写句首字母;provide for sb.表示“向某人提供”;主语 dishes与动词provide是被动关系,根据“during the Winter Olympics”可知句子是一般过去时的被动语态(was/were+过去分词),主语 dishes是复数名词,be动词形式用were。故填Over;were;provided;for。
58. in March【解析】对比中英文,此空缺少“三月”,月份前用时间介词in,in March“在三月”,作时间状语,故填in March。
59. in the garden【解析】“花园”garden,此处表特指,前加the;“在……里面”in。in the garden“在花园里”。故填in the garden。
60. in September【解析】“9月”September,月份前用介词in表示“在几月”。故填in September。
61. in different ways##in different methods【解析】表达“采用某种方法”用介词“in”,表达“方法”用复数名词“ways”或“methods”。表达“不同的”用形容词“different”作定语修饰名词。故填in different ways/in different methods。
62. on snowy days【解析】snowy days意为 “下雪天”,在具体某一天前用介词on。故填on snowy days。
63. on Wednesday night##on Wednesday evening【解析】根据中文提示,周三晚上:Wednesday night/evening;在具体的某一天应用介词on。故填on Wednesday night/on Wednesday evening。
64. opposite##across from【解析】“在……对面”的英文是“opposite”或“across from”。故填opposite/across from。
65. over the river【解析】这是“there be+名词+地点”的结构。表达“在……上方”用介词“over”。表达“河”用名词“river”,表示确指用定冠词“the”放在名词前。故填over the river。
66. will be held on【解析】“举办”hold,与主语“Tokyo Olympic games”之间是动宾关系,结合“July 23rd, 2021”及“将会”可知用一般将来时的被动语态,其结构为will be done,hold的过去分词为held;“July 23rd, 2021”指具体的这一天,前用介词on。故填will;be;held;on。
67. making mistakes【解析】由英汉对照可知,空格处填“犯错误”,make mistakes“犯错误”,固定短语;be afraid of doing sth.“害怕做某事”,of是介词后面跟动名词作宾语。故填making;mistakes。
68. without hard work【解析】“没有without”,表伴随,“努力工作hard work”。故填without hard work。
69. are not afraid of making mistakes##are not afraid to make mistakes【解析】根据中英文对照可知,缺少“不怕犯错误”。be afraid of=be afraid to do“害怕……”;make mistakes“犯错误”,可数名词用复数mistakes;介词of后接doing形式,不定式to后接动词原形。根据主语“Good learners”可知,用are,变为否定句,在are后加not。故填are not afraid of making mistakes/are not afraid to make mistakes。
70. With cut off seriously【解析】水、电、气断了,他们生活的方方面面都受到严重的影响。根据cut off切断,副词seriously严重地,修饰动词affected;故填(1). With (2). cut (3). off (4). seriously
71. that it will push for【解析】push for推动;分析句子可知,本句需用so…that…引导结果状语从句,从句主语是it,替代the visit of President Xi;谓语动词用一般将来时will do结构,表达“将大力推动”用will push for。故填that it will push for。
72. give up trying to achieve our dreams【解析】give up doing放弃做某事;try to do尝试做某事;achieve one’s dream实现某人的梦想。结合语境可知,we对应的one’s是形容词性物主代词our,修饰复数名词dreams;情态动词should后接原形动词,故填give up trying to achieve our dreams。
73. with different levels of service【解析】be provided with配备/提供;different levels of service不同的服务水平。设空处可用with表伴随,故填with different levels of service。
74. next to【解析】在……旁边next to,表示地点方位,故填next;to。
75. for half an hour【解析】半小时:half an hour,一段时间,之前应用介词for。故填for half an hour。
76. on Saturday afternoon【解析】在具体某一天要用时间介词on,Saturday afternoon“周六下午”,故填on Saturday afternoon。
77. in disbelief【解析】分析题干可知要翻译的中文是“怀疑的”,空格处在句子末尾,可知应填“in disbelief”表示“不信任”,介词短语相当于副词功能,故填in disbelief。
78. over new【解析】over表示“在……上”,是垂直关系;new表示“新的”,形容词作定语修饰名词desk,故填over;new。
79. advised to communicate more with our parents instead of keeping【解析】advise to do sth.建议某人做某事;communicate with sb.和某人交流;instead of而不是,介词of后接动名词;keep sth. to ourselves保守秘密。根据语境可知是一般现在时的被动语态,故填advised to communicate more with our parents instead of keeping。
80. in line with【解析】结合中英文提示可知,此处缺的是“和……成一排”,stand in line“站成一排”,with“和……一起”,故填in line with。
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81. (c)ross 82. (a)lso 83. (r)ealized 84. (t)ime 85. (e)asier 86. (w)hat 87. (e)ven 88. (h)eavy 89. (w)ork 90. (h)arm
【解析】本文一篇寓言故事,通过驴背盐和棉花的故事,告诉我们投机取巧到头来只会害到自己。
81. 句意:在去那里的路上,他们要过一条河。根据“On the way there, they had to c...a river.”可知,要过河,cross“穿过”符合语境,故填(c)ross。
82. 句意:大袋的盐也掉到了水里。根据“One day, the donkey took a sudden fall into the river. The big bags of salt a...fell into the water.”可知,驴和盐都掉进了水里,also“也”符合语境,故填(a)lso。
83. 句意:驴子明白了这一点,在去市场的路上舒服多了。根据“The donkey r...this and felt much more comfortable on his way to the market.”可知,这是驴子意识到的,realize“意识到”,时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式,故填(r)ealized。
84. 句意:第二天,驴又做了同样的事情,只不过这一次,它是故意掉进水里的。根据“The next day, the donkey did the same thing, except this t..., he fell in the water on purpose.”可知,这次是驴子故意掉到水里,this time“这次”,故填(t)ime。
85. 句意:同样,这些袋子更轻,更容易携带。根据“the bags were lighter and e...to carry”可知,遇水的盐袋更容易携带,easy“容易的”,此处与lighter构成并列,用形容词比较级,故填(e)asier。
86. 句意:卖盐的人很快就知道是怎么回事了,他决定教训教训他的驴。根据“The salt seller soon found out w...was going on”可知,发现发生了什么,用what引导宾语从句,故填(w)hat。
87. 句意:驴子又玩了同样的把戏,希望袋子能再轻一些。此处修饰比较级lighter,用副词even,故填(e)ven。
88. 句意:但是掉进水里的棉花却变得非常重,难以携带。根据“But the cotton that fell into the water instead became very h...to carry.”可知,棉花遇水变重,heavy“重的”,在句中作表语,故填(h)eavy。
89. 句意:有时,当我们有很多艰苦的工作要做时,我们可能会想走捷径或作弊。根据“we might feel tempted (有诱惑力的) to take shortcuts or cheat when we have a lot of hard w...to do”可知,此处是hard work短语,意为“艰苦的工作”,故填(w)ork。
90. 句意:然而,走捷径和作弊往往会反过来伤害我们。根据“taking shortcuts and cheating will often come back to h...us later”可知,走捷径和作弊有时候会伤害我们,harm“伤害”,用于不定式结构中,故填(h)arm。
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91. known 92. the 93. person 94. easier 95. color 96. sale 97. given 98. because 99. not 100. least
【解析】本文主要讲述了生日贺卡的由来以及如今电子贺卡也变得越来越流行,但是电子贺卡不能完全取代纸质贺卡。
91. 句意:寄送生日贺卡的传统究竟是从何时何地开始的还不得而知。主语it与谓语know之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态,故填known。
92. 句意:人们认为它起源于19世纪早期的英国。nineteenth是序数词,用定冠词the修饰,故填the。
93. 句意:在那个年代,当人们不能亲自祝某人生日快乐时,他们就会寄生日卡。根据音标[ p :sn]可知,此处为person“人”,故填person。
94. 句意:1840年,英国使用了第一枚邮票,寄生日贺卡变得更容易、更便宜、更受欢迎。easy“容易的”,是形容词,作为系动词became的表语,用形容词,此处与cheaper并列,因此用比较级,故填easier。
95. 句意:20世纪30年代彩色印刷工艺的发展也帮助增加了生日贺卡的销量。根据音标[ k l ]可知,此处为color“彩色的”,故填color。
96. 句意:20世纪30年代彩色印刷工艺的发展也帮助增加了生日贺卡的销量。sell“出售”,是动词,the+名词+of表示“……的……”,sell的名词是sale,故填sale。
97. 句意:如今,卡片通常与礼物一起赠送,即使人们可以面对面地表达他们的愿望。give“给”,主语cards与谓语give之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态,故填given。
98. 句意:许多人开始使用电子贺卡而不是传统贺卡,因为电子贺卡免费、环保而且容易收到。结合句意,前一句表示许多人开始使用电子贺卡而不是传统贺卡,后一句表示电子贺卡免费、环保而且容易收到,前后表示因果关系,因此用连词because“因为”,故填because。
99. 句意:可能不。根据“For example, for kids and old people, they don’t use e-cards very often.”可知,孩子们和老人们不经常使用电子卡片,因此电子卡片可能不会完全代替纸质的卡片,故填not。
100. 句意:如果你的生日快到了,你会希望至少有一个人能送一张漂亮的贺卡来祝贺你吗?根据音标[li:st]可知,此处为least“最少的”,故填least。
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101. noodles 102. places 103. called 104. of 105. also 106. warm 107. first 108. cover 109. field 110. It
【解析】本文主要讲述种植水稻的方法及所需条件。
101. 句意:人们还用米做米线、米粉、米奶、米糕和米纸。音标/’nu:dlz/对应单词noodles。故填noodles。
102. 句意:很多地方都有稻田。many后接可数名词复数,place的复数形式places。故填places。
103. 句意:每一株水稻都叫做一秆。“Each plant”与call之间是动宾关系,此处用过去分词called构成被动语态。故填called。
104. 句意:当农民种植水稻时,他们必须好好照料它,这样它才能长得好。take good care of“照顾好”。故填of。
105. 句意:水稻也需要生长的空间。根据“Rice needs good soil, a lot of sunshine and a lot of water.”可知上文讲水稻需要什么,此处表示“也”需要生长空间,用also。故填also。
106. 句意:水稻在温暖的地方长得最好。音标/w :m/对应单词warm,形容词作定语。故填warm。
107. 句意:种植水稻的第一步是整地。根据“The ... step”可知定冠词后用序数词表顺序,one的序数词first,意为“第一”。故填first。
108. 句意:当土地准备好了,农民种植水稻,用水覆盖它。and连接并列谓语,与plant保持一致,用动词原形。故填cover。
109. 句意:水稻开始生长后,农民把小秸秆移到更大的田地里。音标/fi:ld/对应单词field。故填field。
110. 句意:一株水稻需要三到六个月的时间才能成熟。It takes some time to do sth.“做某事花费多少时间”,是固定句式。故填It。1