中考英语一轮复习：16主谓一致要点精读与精练（含解析）

中考英语一轮复习语法知识
主谓一致
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考点复习
1
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规则 情 况 举 例
语 法 一 致 原 则 以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all. 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 what I bought were three English books. What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.
由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物 时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。. Lucy and Lily are twins
The writer and artist has come.
Every student and every teach is in the classroom. Many a boy and many a girl likes it. No boy and no girl likes it.
Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter 若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。 None of the sugar was left. None of us has (have) been to America.
在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard. He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.
在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致 It is I who am going to the cinema tonight. It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.
如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式； 如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式 The police are looking for the lost child. The cattle are eating grass in the field. His family has moved to the south .(他的一家) His family are watching TV.（他的家人） Class four is on the third floor.（四班） Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的学生）
由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 There are a lot of people in the classroom. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 50 percent of the students in our class are girls. 此外，还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定（用单数）。 A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples. The number of pages in this book is three hundred.
在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. Between the two hills stands a monument.
逻 辑 意 义 一 致 原 则 What, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数， 主要靠意思来决定。 Which is your bag Which are your bags Are any of you good at English Has any of you got a pen All can be done has been done. All is going well. All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing.
表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。 Thirty minutes is enough for the work.. Twenty pounds is too dear. 如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数形式 Forty kilos of water are used every day.
若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 The United States is smaller than China. “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.
表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table.
一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都属于形式上是复数的名词， 实际意义为单数名词， 它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 The paper works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。 I don’t think physics is easy to study.
trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of 等量词修饰时（clothes被a suit of 修饰）谓语动词用单数。 My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。 The old are taken good care of there. The beautiful gives pleasure to all.
就 近 /远 一 致 原 则 当两个主语由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一致。 Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither he nor they are wholly right. Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right
there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致，即就近一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the room. There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短语， 谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。 Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. A woman with a baby was on the bus. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall. The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese. No one except my teachers knows anything about it.
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知识强化
2
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一、单项选择
1. Paper ________ in ancient China more than 2,000 years ago.
A. invented B. was invented C. invent D. is invented
2. Every teacher and every student _________ that Taiwan is an inseparable part of us.
A. believe B. had believed C. believes D. have believed
3. Neither your sister nor mine__________the good news. Let’s tell them.
A. know B. knows C. knew D. known
4. I don’t think I ________ you in that dress before.
A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see
5. Volunteering our time to help people ________ a good way to learn new things.
A. am B. are C. is D. was
6. Aizhai Bridge ________ in March 2012 and it is one of the highest bridges in Asian.
A. built B. was built C. is built D. has been built
7. ________ to deliver the urgent dispatch to the officer ________.
A. Every means were tried; immediately B. Every means was tried; instantly
C. All means were tried; currently D. All means was tried; temporarily
8. Shawn generally does well in his English dictation, but every now and then he ________.
A. has failed B. is failing C. will fail D. does fail
9. Congratulations on your winning the championship in the sports meeting! It________ of great use in such training.
A. has been proved B. is proved C. has proved D. proven
10. How come it ________ when I have just washed my car!
A. always rains B. is always raining C. will always rain D. is always to rain
11. —Has your cousin finished writing his report yet
—I have no idea, but he ________it this morning
A. wrote B. has written C. had written D. was writing
12. With the newly bought knife, even the frozen meat ________. You will get what you pay for.
A. is easily cut B. is easy to be cut C. cuts easy D. cuts easily
13. — Tomorrow is the deadline. Have you handed in your composition yet
— Yes, I have. I guess it ________ now.
A. is grading B. is being graded C. has graded D. will grade
14. —I really admire the medical workers who rushed to Wuhan bravely to fight against the novel coronavirus.
—They ________ as the most beautiful Heroes in Harm’s Way.
A. regarded B. are regarded C. have regarded
15. There ________ a number of clubs in our school and the number of the members ________ still growing.
A. is; are B. are; is C. are; are
16. Mr. Smith, as well as his wife and children, ________ gone abroad.
A. has been B. has been done C. has D. have been done
17. Is this the very dictionary one ________new words now
A. used to look up B. is used to look up
C. is used to looking up D. uses to look up
18. Money is yours but resources (资源) ________ the whole society.
A. belong to B. result in C. belongs to D. results in
19. Joseph ________ to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name ” in Japanese.
A. went B. was going C. has been going D. is going
20. The teacher as well as the students in our senior high school ________ friendly to me in the past three months.
A. has been B. have been C. was D. were
21. Neither Jim nor Tom Australia before, but they know the country very well.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to
22. Edison, along with many other scientists, _______ us and taught us that conducting experiments is a scientific approach _______ the truth.
A. has inspired; to establish B. have inspired; to establish
C. has inspired; to establishing D. have inspired; to establishing
23. —Why does the river smell terrible
—Because large quantities of rubbish ________ there, and we should alert the public ________ the danger of it.
A. have been thrown; of B. has been thrown; of
C. has been thrown; to D. have been thrown; to
24. The medical team _______ the injured at present in that hospital.
A. are treating B. is treating C. are treated D. is treated
25. Not only the students but also the teacher _______ a great interest in playing football.
A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing
26. Since May, more than one death from monkey pox infection ______ in this area, causing great concern of the local government.
A. has been reported B. have reported C. has reported D. have been reported
27. ________ visitors who were trapped on the hill after the heavy rain ________ unknown yet.
A. A number of; were B. A number of; was
C. The number of; were D. The number of; was
28. Up to now, more than one high-rise building ______ around our city, making it bigger.
A. have been built B. are being built C. has been built D. is being built
29. —Can you get me the novels
—Of course. All but one of them ______ in our company the other day.
A. published B. was published
C. were published D. had been published
30. English was invented by people, not computers, and it________ the creativity of the human race.
A. is reflected B. had reflected C. reflects D. was reflected
31. This is one of the most popular novels ______ by the writer.
A. which have been written B. that have been written
C. which has been written D. that has been written
32. There ________ some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet.
A. are B. is C. have D. has
33. Her study is based on the hypothesis_________all men__________.
A. that…are born equal B. where… are born equally
C. when…being born equally D. whether … born equal
34. A total of 35 Chinese universities ________ among the world's 500 best in a ranking released by China's Shanghai Jiao Tong University on Monday.
A. ranked B. rank C. ranks D. ranking
35. Betty will ring me up when she ______ in Beijing.
A. arrive B. arrives C. arrived D. will arrive
二、短文填空
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词，首字母已给出。
Life will be peaceful if you always do kind things. I teach my daughters to d___36___ a habit of helping others.
We live in the country. Most of what we see is beautiful nature. One of the exceptions to the beauty is the rubbish that some people throw out of their car windows. And there are no necessary public s___37___, such as rubbish collection.
A helping behavior that I often p___38___ with my daughters is picking up rubbish in our neighborhood. My daughters often have a m___39___ to see who can collect the most rubbish. They will often say to me in an excited voice, “There’s some rubbish, Daddy, stop the car!” Without t___40___ more, we will often get out of our car and pick it up. Though it may seem strange, we do it. In fact, we e___41___ it. We pick up rubbish in parks, on sidewalks, almost a___42___.
One day I saw a man I had never met before picking up rubbish on the road. I stopped. He r___43___ his head and said to me with a smile. “I saw you doing this with your family. It’s a good idea to protect our natural world.”
There are many other ways to p___44___ kindness for others. You may share a dinner with a homeless person, visit lonely old people in the nursing home, or help the blind cross the street. You can think of something that can be finished e____45____ but helpful. It is fun, self-satisfying, and what’s more, it can set a good example. Helping others is helping yourself.
2
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
A good joke can be hardest thing to understand when studying a foreign language. As a recent report in The Guardian newspaper (卫报) noted, “There’s more to understanding a joke in a foreign language than ____46____ vocabulary and grammar.”
Being able to understand jokes is hard for a language learner to ____47____ friends with native (说母语的) speakers. “I always felt that humor was a ceiling (天花板) that I could never break through.” Lina Brown, a public relations manager in London, told The Guardian, “I used to study in Japan. I could never speak to Japanese people on the same level as I would speak to a native English speaker. I was almost a boring person ____48____ all I could talk about was facts.”
In fact, most of the time, jokes are only funny for people who share a cultural background (文化背景) or understand humor in the ____49____ way. Chinese-American actor Joe Wong found this out firsthand. He had achieved huge success in the US, but when he returned to China for his first live show in Beijing, he discovered that people ____50____ think his Chinese jokes were as funny as his English ones.
In Australia, many foreigners find understanding jokes about ____51____ to be the biggest headache. Let’s take rugby (橄榄球) as an example. “The hardest jokes are related to rugby because I know nothing about rugby and few people play it in China” said Zhang Xiao, a doctor in a hospital in Beijing. He was ____52____ a student in Australia. He added, “When I heard jokes I didn’t get, I just laughed along.”
In the other two major English-speaking countries, the sense of humor is also different. British jokes seem to be more subtle (微妙的) and dark, while American jokes are more obvious (明显的) with their meanings, a bit like Americans ____53____.
3
Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybridrice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of miliions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has ___54___ his life.
Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and somnetimes even had a serious___55___ of food to eat. To tackle this ___56___ , he chose to study agriculture and received aneducationat Seuthwest Agricultural College in Chomgqing.
After ___57___in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to ___58___ yields in the fields they had. How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.Yuan was ___59___that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than___60___crops.
However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.The common ___61___then was that it could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan___62___enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that codld be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their____63____greatly
参考答案
一、
1. B
【解析】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：两千多年前，中国古代就发明了纸。由“2,000 years ago”可知，句子时态用一般过去时，纸是被发明，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were done，主语Paper是不可数名词，因此空格处是was invented，故选B。
2. C
【解析】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：每一个老师和学生都相信台湾是我们不可分割的一部分。分析句子可知，在that引导的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词is为一般现在时，结合句意可知，主句也应为一般现在时。and连接的两个名词前有every修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以此处谓语动词应为一般现在时单数形式。故选C项。
3. B
【解析】考查主谓一致和一般现在时。句意：你妹妹和我妹妹都不知道这个好消息。让我们告诉他们。根据“Let’s tell them.”可知，此处是指现在的客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。“neither...nor...”的主谓一致使用“就近原则”，mine是指“我的妹妹”，为第三人称单数。故选B。
4. A
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我以前没见过你穿这条裙子。由before可知，句子表示“我以前没见过你穿这条裙子”，空格处用现在完成时，主语I是第一人称，因此空格处是have seen。故选A。
5. C
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自愿花时间帮助别人是学习新事物的好方法。分析句子可知，该句中单个动名词短语作主语，谓语应使用单数形式，且该句描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故选C。
6. B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：矮寨桥建于2012年3月，是亚洲最高的桥梁之一。设空处为谓语动词，根据时间状语 in March 2012，可知应用一般过去时，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是Aizhai Bridge，谓语用第三人称单数，故选B。
7. B
【解析】考查主谓一致和副词。句意：人们想尽一切办法，想立即把那份急件交给那位军官。A. Every means were tried形式错误；immediately 立刻；B. Every means was tried尽一切办法；instantly马上；C. All means were tried尽一切办法；currently 目前；D. All means was tried形式错误；temporarily临时。means是单复数同形的单词，every修饰谓语用单数，all修饰谓语用复数，可以排除A和D。urgent“紧急的”可知，要立刻送给军官。C项中currently是“目前”，不符合句意。故选B。
8. D
【解析】考查时态，主谓一致和强调。句意：肖恩的英语听写成绩一般都不错，但偶尔也会不及格。由“every now and then”可知，句子时态用一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，用does强调fail，因此空格处是does fail，故选D。
9. C
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：祝贺你在运动会中获得冠军！事实证明，它在这种训练中非常有用。prove意为“证明是”，作不及物动词，根据语境可知，“事实已经证明，它在这种训练中非常有用”，空格处时态用现在完成时，主语It是第三人称单数，因此空格处是has proved。故选C。
10. B
【解析】考查现在进行时和主谓一致。句意：怎么老是在我刚洗完车的时候下雨！根据“when I have just washed my car”可知，句子表示“怎么老是在我刚洗完车的时候下雨”，现在进行时与always连用，表示反复发生的动作，常含有赞扬、不满、厌烦等感彩，因此句子时态用现在进行时，主语it是第三人称单数，因此空格处是is always raining，故选B。
11. D
【解析】考查时态。句意：——你表弟写完报告了吗 ——我不知道，但他今天早上在写报告。根据时间状语this morning可知，此处表示在过去的某个时间正在发生某事，所以用过去进行时was/were + doing，因主语是he，所以用was writing，故选D。
12. D
【解析】考查动词，时态，主谓一致和副词。句意：有了新买的刀，即使是冻肉也很容易切。一分钱一分货。cut意为“切”，此处为不及物动词，主语为无生命的东西时，主动形式含被动意义，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语meat是不可数名词，因此空格处是cuts easily，故选D。
13. B
【解析】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：——明天是最后期限。你交作文了吗？——我交了。我想现在它正在被评分。由now可知，句子时态是现在进行时，作文是被评分，因此空格处是现在进行时的被动语态，即is/are being done，主语it是第三人称单数，因此空格处是is being graded，故选B。
14. B
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：——我非常敬佩那些奔赴武汉抗击新型冠状病毒的医护人员。——他们被认作是危险中最美丽的英雄。结合句意可知，此处为陈述客观事实，句子应用一般现在时，主语They为复数，且与regard之间为被动关系，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B项。
15. B
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：在我们学校有很多俱乐部而且成员的数量一直在不断增长。空1后为a number of “许多，大量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数，空处考查there be句型，就近原则，所以be动词单复数看后面的名词，故空1填复数；the number of“……的数量”后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数，故空2用单数。故选B。
16. C
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态语态。句意：史密斯先生连同他的妻子和孩子都出国了。设空处在句中作谓语，此处表示“已经出国”，主谓之间为主动关系，时态应用现在完成时have/has done；其主语为Mr. Smith，单数形式，此处属于就远原则，故谓语也用单数，句中已有gone，故设空处填has即可。故选C项。
17. D
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这就是我们现在用来查生词的字典吗 根据句意分析句子可知，one ________new words now是一个定语从句，one前面省略了that，所以完整的句子应该是“Is this the very dictionary that one ________new words now ”；分析定语从句可知，one是主语，谓语动词是选项中的use，that代替先行词dictionary在从句中作动词use的宾语，one和use是主动关系，所以从句应该用主动语态；再根据主句的Is可知时态是一般现在时可知，定语从句也应该用一般现在时，且谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故选D项。
18. A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析和主谓一致。句意：钱是你的，但资源属于整个社会。belong to属于；result in导致。根据“the whole society”可知，资源属于整个社会的。主语resources为复数，所以谓语动词用复数形式。故选A。
19. C
【解析】考查时态。句意：彼得从上个月就开始去上夜课，但是他仍然不能用日语说“你叫什么名字？”。根据语境和since判断此处强调动作从过去开始持续到现在，且有可能继续持续，应用现在完成进行时，主语Joseph是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故选C。
20. A
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，我们高中的老师和学生都对我很友好。根据句中时间状语in the past three months可知，用现在完成时。as well as连接两个主语时，谓语与前面的主语保持一致。主语The teacher 为单数，所以谓语动词用has。故选A。
21. B
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：吉姆和汤姆以前都没去过澳大利亚，但他们对这个国家很了解。A. has gone to去了某地，还未回来；B. has been to去过某地；C. have gone to去了某地，还未回来；D. have been to去过某地。结合语意，吉姆和汤姆以前都没去过澳大利亚，空处应用短语have been to，neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”，连接并列单词作主语时，谓语动词的数采取就近原则，Tom是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，即has been to。故选B项。
22. C
【解析】考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。句意：爱迪生和其他许多科学家激励我们，教导我们做实验是建立真理的科学方法。第一空，主语后跟介词短语 along with，谓语与Edison保持一直，应用单数；第二空approach to doing sth.，动名词作宾语。故选C。
23. D
【解析】考查主谓一致和介词搭配。句意：——为什么这条河散发着恶臭？——因为大量的垃圾被扔在那里，我们应该提醒公众注意它的危险。quantities of既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词，谓语动词用复数，故排除B、C项；alert sb to sth“使意识到，提醒某人注意某事”固定搭配。故选D项。
24. A
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：医疗队目前正在那家医院治疗伤员。分析句子可知， 主语team是集合名词，在这里表队员，为复数，谓语复数形式，且主语team和谓语动词treat是主动关系，结合at present可知，表“正在治疗”，现在进行时。故选A项。
25. B
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：不仅学生们而且老师都对踢足球表现出极大的兴趣。not only...but also连接两个成分作主语，遵循就近原则，其后谓语动词与就近的主语保持一致。teacher为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选B项。
26. A
【解析】考查时态及语态。句意：自5月以来，该地区报告了一例以上的猴痘感染死亡，引起了当地政府的极大关注。根据时间状语Since May及句子结构可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响。more than one death与report是动宾关系，故用被动语态，且主语more than one death是单数，助动词用has，故选A。
27. D
【解析】考查固定搭配和主谓一致。句意：大雨后被困在山上的游客人数尚不清楚。a number of意为“许多，大量”后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数；the number of意为“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数。分析句子可知本句表示“困在山上的游客人数”用The number of符合题意，系动词用第三人称单数was。故选D。
28. C
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，我们城市周围已经建造了不止一座高层建筑，使其变得更大。根据时间状语up to now可知，句子使用现在完成时，build与主语building 之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，且“more than one+单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式，即has been built。故选C项。
29. C
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：——你能给我拿小说吗？——当然。几天前，除了一本外，所有的书都在我们公司出版了。结合时间状语the other day可知，一般过去时，主语All和谓语动词publish是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语All复数，谓语复数形式。故选C项。
30. C
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：英语是人类发明的，而不是计算机，它反映了人类的创造力。主语it指代English，是单数，主动语态，讲述客观事实，谓语动词reflect用一般现在时的单数形式。故选C项。
31. B
【解析】考查定语从句及从句中的主谓一致。句意：这是这位作家写的最受欢迎的小说之一。分析句子结构可知空处应填定语从句部分，先行词为novels，且先行词前有最高级修饰，关系代词只能用that，关系代词在定语从句中做主语时从句谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致，先行词novels为复数，所以从句谓语动词应用复数形式。故选B。
32. B
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：网上有一些关于如何减少空气污染的好建议。there be 句型的主谓一致符合就近原则，句中的advice为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，同时描述的是现在的客观事实，故应该是用一般现在时。故选B。
33. A
【解析】考查同位语从句，时态，主谓一致和形容词。句意：她的研究是以人人生而平等的假设为基础的。由“all men”和观察选项可知，“all men________”表示“人人生而平等”，“人出生”是be born，用形容词equal作状语，表状态，第二空是are born equal，hypothesis意为“假设”，其后是同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此第一空用that引导同位语从句，故选A。
34. B
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：中国上海交通大学周一发布的排名中，共有35所中国大学跻身世界500强。分析句子结构可知，rank一词在句子中作为谓语动词使用，a total of（总共）修饰可数名词复数时，其谓语动词使用复数形式，并且这个排名结果描述的是“现阶段”的一般性事实，使用一般现在时。故选B。
35. B
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：贝蒂到达北京后会给我打电话。主句为一般将来时，when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时态表将来。时间状语从句中的主语为she，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
二、
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36. develop 37. services 38. practise/practice 39. match 40. thinking 41. enjoy 42. anywhere 43. raised 44. provide 45. easily
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者教导女儿要养成乐于助人的好习惯，并且亲自陪女儿一起捡垃圾。这种行为也感染到一个人，也跟随着行动起来。
36. 考查动词。句意：我教我的女儿养成帮助别人的习惯。根据空格后的名词短语a habit for helping others可知，习惯是培养发展的，结合首字母，推断出是动词develop。develop a habit是固定短语，意为“养成一种习惯”，题干句型teach…to do“教某人做某事”。故填develop。
37. 考查名词。句意：而且没有必要的公共服务，如垃圾收集。根据后面的举例Such as rubbish collection可知，此处说的是缺少公共服务，结合首字母，推断出service “服务”符合题意。根据句中there are判断，此处应用名词复数形式。故填services。
38. 考查动词。句意：我经常和女儿们一起练习的一种帮助行为是在我们附近捡垃圾。根据空格后的介词with，结合picking up rubbish in our neighborhood捡起我们小区的垃圾，推断出是动词practice“练习”，和with搭配成短语practice with“和……一起练习”。此处是一般现在时，主语是第一人称。故填practise /practice。
39. 考查名词。句意：我的女儿们经常比赛，看谁能收集最多的垃圾。根据to see who can collect the most rubbish可知，是女儿想跟我比赛，结合首字母，推断出是名词match“比赛”，冠词a说明是单数名词。故填match。
40. 考查动词。句意：我们常常会不假思索地下车去接捡起它。根据语境，看到垃圾就捡起已经成了我们的习惯动作，所以女儿说有垃圾让我停车，我不加思索的下车去捡起垃圾，结合首字母，推断出是动词think “思考”，介词without后接动名词。故填thinking。
41. 考查动词。句意：事实上，我们很享受。分析句子可知，此处应填入谓语动词。根据上文“Though it may seem strange, we do it.（虽然这看起来很奇怪，但我们还是这么做了。）” 并结合首字母可知，此处指“我们很享受。”故填动词enjoy。故填enjoy。
42. 考查副词。句意：我们在公园、人行道上、几乎任何地方捡垃圾。根据We pick it up rubbish in parks，on sidewalks可知，这是表达有垃圾的任何地方，结合首字母，推断出是anywhere“任何地方”。故填anywhere。
43. 考查动词。句意：他抬起头，微笑着对我说。根据his head，推出此处是一个动词，根据语境，他捡垃圾肯定是弯腰低头，然后对我说话时，肯定是要抬起头，结合首字母，推断出是动词raise“抬起，举起”。raise his head and said to me with a smile抬起头微笑着跟我说话，时态为一般过去时。故填raised。
44. 考查动词。句意：还有很多其他的方法可以为他人提供帮助。根据题干中的介词for，结合首字母和语境，推出句型provide sth for sb“为某人提供某物”，符合题意。此处是不定式结构“to+动词原形”。故填provide。
45. 考查副词。句意：你可以想出一些容易完成但有帮助的事情。根据“You may share a dinner with a homeless person, visit lonely old people in the nursing home, or help the blind cross the street. （你可以和无家可归的人一起吃饭，去养老院看望孤独的老人，或者帮助盲人过马路。）”可知，这些事情都是举手之劳，很容易完成却对别人帮助很大，结合首字母推断出副词easily“容易地”修饰动词finish。故填easily。
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46. understanding 47. make 48. because 49. same 50. didn’t 51. sports 52. once 53. themselves
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们在理解外语笑话方面存在的问题。作者认为要想很好地理解一则笑话，人们必须了解笑话中所蕴含的文化背景以及讲笑话人的幽默方式。
46. 考查动名词。句意：《卫报》最近的一篇报道指出，“理解一个外语笑话比理解词汇和语法更重要。”分析句意再根据than可知，此处用understanding与前面的understanding相呼应，为动名词。故填understanding。
47. 考查动词。句意：能听懂笑话对语言学习者来说很难和母语人士交朋友。分析句意再根据空格后的friends with 可知，此处用动词make构成固定搭配make friends表示“交朋友”符合语境。故填make。
48. 考查连词。句意：我几乎是一个无聊的人，因为我能讲的都是事实。分析句式句式结构可知，此处是状语从句，再分析句意，上下文之间是因果关系，所以用连词because来引导时间状语从句。故填because。
49. 考查形容词。句意：事实上，大多数时候，笑话只对拥有相同文化背景或理解幽默方式相同的人有趣。分析句意再根据空格后的way可知，此处用形容词same构成固定短语in the same way表示“以同样的方式”符合语境。故填same。
50. 考查助动词。句意：他在美国取得了巨大的成功，但当他回到中国，在北京进行他的第一场现场表演时，他发现人们认为他的中文笑话不如他的英文笑话有趣。根据上文的but可知，上下文是转折关系，且时态是一般过去时，所以空格处应该用助动词didn’t构成否定句与上文形成转折关系。故填didn’t。
51. 考查名词。句意：在澳大利亚，许多外国人发现理解体育笑话是最头疼的事情。根据下文“Let’s take rugby (橄榄球) as an example.(让我们以橄榄球为例。)” 可知，此处是指有关体育的事情，所以用sport来表示，又因为前面的jokes是复数名词，所以此处也用复数名词。故填sports。
52. 考查副词。句意：他曾经是澳大利亚的一名学生。分析句意再根据空格前的was可知，此处用once表示“曾经”是一名学生，符合语境。故填once。
53. 考查反身代词。句意：英式笑话似乎更微妙和黑暗，而美式笑话的含义更明显，有点像美国人自己。分析句意再根据空格前的Americans可知，此处用反身代词themselves表示“美国人自己”符合语境。故填themselves。
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54. devoted 55. shortage 56. crisis 57. graduating 58. boost 59. convinced 60. conventional 61. assumption 62. overcame 63. output
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平事迹。
54. 考查动词的时态。句意：事实上，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动词。根据空格前的has判断，此处应用现在完成时，故空格处应填过去分词。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“奉献了一生”，devote意为“奉献”，故填devoted。
55. 考查名词。句意：然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“严重缺乏食物”，shortage意为“缺乏；短缺”，故填shortage。
56. 考查名词。句意：为了应对这一危机，他选择了学习农业，并在重庆的西南农学院接受教育。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“应对这一危机”，crisis意为“危机”，故填crisis。
57. 考查动名词。句意：1953年毕业后，他从事研究工作。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动词。根据空格前的after判断，此处应用动名词形式。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“毕业后”，graduate意为“毕业”，故填graduating。
58. 考查动词。句意：相反，农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动词。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“提高产量”，boost意为“提高”。故填boost。
59. 考查形容词。句意：袁隆平坚信可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到答案。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作表语。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“坚信”，convinced意为“确信的；相信的”，be convinced that...“相信……”。故填convinced。
60. 考查形容词。句意：杂交作物的一个特点是它们的产量通常比常规作物高。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“常规作物”，conventional意为“常规的”，故填conventional。
61. 考查名词。句意：人们普遍认为这是不可能做到的。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作主语。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“普遍的看法”，assumption意为“认为；看法”，故填assumption。
62. 考查动词的时态。句意：通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术难题，于1974年研制出了第一批可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据时间状语in 1974判断，此处应用一般过去时。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“袁隆平克服了巨大的技术难题”，overcome意为“克服”，故填overcame。
63. 考查名词。句意：这种杂交植物使农民能够大幅度增加他们的水稻产量。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“水稻产量”， output意为“产量”，故填output。
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