牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Exploring poetry期末复习敲重点学案（含答案）

Unit 4 Exploring poetry —2023-2024学年高二英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册期末复习敲重点
学习目标整合
知识目标 获取与梳理出文章的主要内容；理解并掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。
能力目标 概括和整合文章内容；赏析语篇的文体特征；掌握非谓语动词的基本用法与规则。
情感目标 能够概括文章的主旨大意，了解读诗的四个技巧；区分和使用正确的非谓语动词来写一篇关于读诗的重要性的文章。
思维导图回顾知识
重难知识易混易错
1. 过去分词(短语)作状语
过去分词(短语)作状语时,一般用来表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、让步等,其所表示的动作和句子的主语在逻辑上是被动关系。
The film star got off the train, surrounded by her fans.
那位电影明星下了火车，被她的粉丝团团围住。
注意：
现在分词(短语)作状语时，其所表示的动作和句子语在理辑上是主动关系。
过去分调(短语)和现在分词(短语)作状语时，前面可以连词 when, while, if, unless, though, although等。
When asked what had happened, he felt extremely frightened.
当被问发生了什么事情时，他感到很害怕。
If repaired well, the washing machine could be used again.
如果被修好，这台洗衣机还能再次使用。
2. as if引导的方式状语从句
as if引导的方式状语从句，此处as if从句中使用的是虚拟语气。as if可以换成as though。
(1) as if从句中使用虚拟语气时，若表示与现在事实相反，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时；若表示将来的可能性很小，从句的谓语动词用"would(might, could, should)+动词原型"
You look as if you didn't care.
你看上去好像并不在乎。
(2) as if引导的从句也可以用陈述语气，这时表示的内容是或许可能是事实。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨了。（事实是确实要下雨）
(3)as if后面可以接分词短语、不定式短语形容词或介词短语。
I had a sensation of falling, as if in a dream.
我有一种坠落的感觉，像在梦中似的。
3. 动词不定式的功能
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等多种成分。
（1）做主语
①含义：表示具体的或一次性的动作。
②谓语动词的数：动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
③位置：动词不定式做主语时，可位于句首，也可位于句末。（it 做形式主语）
To do such things is very foolish.
做这样的事情是很愚蠢的。
It is very interesting to play in the snow in winter.
冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。
注意：
不定式做主语时多数情况下可以用动名词替换，但在以下三种情况下不能替换：
①一些固定说法中；
②表示强烈的对比时；
③表示某一次具体的动作或具体的情况时。
To err is human.
人非圣贤，孰能无过。
To respect others is to be respected.
尊重别人就是尊重自己。
To finish this work in one day is impossible.
一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。
（2）做宾语
①有些动词后常跟不定式（而不跟动词-ing形式）做宾语。
如decide，afford，agree，attempt，choose，determine，demand，expect，fail，hope，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse等。
We decided to leave early.
我们决定早点动身。
②用于“动词+ it +adj./n.+ to do sth.”结构中，其中it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。能用于该结构的动词有feel，find，think，believe，consider，make等。
I feel it my duty to help others.
我觉得帮助别人是我的职责。
I find it pleasant to work with him.
我发现跟他一起工作挺愉快的。
（3）做表语动词不定式置于be，become，sound，taste 等系动词后面做表语时，常表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用，其主语常常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty，job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。
His dream is to become an astronaut.
他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。
（4）做定语
①动词不定式做定语可表示将来的还没发生的动作。
There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
在我们准备长时间待在月球上之前，还有许多要处理的问题。
②序数词、形容词最高级或the last/the only/the next等后常用动词不定式做定语。
He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
③抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，courage，ability，promise，attempt等后常用动词不定式做定语。
He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.
他许诺明天按时来这儿。
④something，nothing，anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式做定语。
Do you have anything to say
你有什么要说的吗
（5）做状语动词不定式可做目的状语、原因状语、结果状语。
To catch the first bus, he got up early.
为了赶头班车，他起得很早。（目的）
Glad to see you.
见到你很高兴。（原因）
He got to the station only to find the train had left.他到了车站却发现火车已经开走了。（结果）
（6）做补语ask，tell，invite，get，advise，allow，want，permit， warn，order，encourage，prefer，expect，force，wish，beg等动词后可接动词不定式做补语。
My teacher encouraged me to study abroad.
我的老师鼓励我出国留学。
4. 动词-ing形式的功能
动词-ing形式可做主语、宾语、表语、状语（时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语、伴随状语）、补语等。
Seeing is believing.
眼见为实。（主语、表语）
Would you mind my smoking
你介意我抽烟吗？（宾语）
Being tired, I stopped to have a rest.
我累了，于是停下来休息。（原因状语）
I saw my children taking their books to the library.
我看见我的孩子们带书去了图书馆。（补语）
5.动词-ed形式的功能
动词-ed形式可做表语、定语、状语、补语等。
I am tired now.
我现在累了。（表语）
fallen leaves 落叶（定语）
Given more time, I will do better.
如果给我更多的时间，我会做得更好。（状语）
I saw a whale killed by a group of killer whales.
我看见一头鲸被一群虎鲸杀死了。（补语）
【例题】
一、
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed(牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: "When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."
1.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
2.What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
3.Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
4.What is the text
A. A news report. B. A book review.
C. A children's story. D. A diary entry.
二、
Writing poetry can seem frightening, especially if you do not feel you are naturally creative. But with the right inspiration and approach, you can also write a striking poem that you can be proud to share with others in class or with your friends.
Pick a specific theme or idea. You can start your poem by focusing on a specific theme or idea that you find fascinating. ①_____For example, you may decide to write a poem around the theme of "love and friendship".
Choose a poetic form. Get your creative juices flowing by picking a form for your poem. There are many different poetic forms that you can use, from free verse to sonnets to rhyming couplets. ②_____ Choose one poetic form and stick to that structure so your poem feels coherent(连贯的) to your readers.
Use concrete imagery. ③_____ You should always try to describe something using the five senses: smell, taste, touch, sight, and hearing. Using concrete imagery will immerse your readers in the world of your poem and make images come alive for them.
Include literary devices. Literary devices like metaphor and simile add variety and depth to your poetry. ④_____ Try to use literary devices throughout your poem, varying them so you do not use only metaphors or only similes in your writing.
Read the poem out aloud. Once you have completed a draft of the poem, you should read it aloud to yourself. ⑤_____ Pay attention to how each line of your poem flows into the next. Keep a pen close by so you can mark any lines or words that sound awkward or jumbled.
A. Notice how the words sound on the page.
B. This can give your poem a clear objective.
C. You may go for a poetic form that you find easy to use.
D. Using these devices can make your poem stand out to your readers.
E. Choose poems written in the same poetic form you are interested in.
F. Avoid abstract imagery and go for concrete descriptions in your poem.
G. You can also share your poem with other poets to get feedback from them.
三、
Poetry is an interesting form of writing. It is very free, has few restrictions and can be a great way to express feelings. Writing a poem is all about ① _____(observe) the world within you or around you.
②_____(compose) a poem, first you should begin with an idea or inspiration. Inspiration may come at any time unexpectedly. It may be a specific person, place or thing that causes some sort of strong emotion. It may be more of ③_____ abstract idea or release of emotion. After getting the idea, you can write down everything ④_____ comes to mind. Don't think much and let all feelings pour out. Then you can think about its form and begin to organize thoughts. Poetry comes in many ⑤_____(form), from epic(史诗般的) poetry that has a story to dramatic poetry intended to be performed. Try them all out. One will come ⑥_____(natural). When you write a poem, think about both metre(格律) ⑦_____ rhythm carefully, which are equally important in poetry. Metre is the fixed pattern of the poem, while rhythm ⑧_____(refer) to the sound when it is spoken. It is also important to use a lot of descriptive words. Create imagery with words, trying to make it ⑨_____(attract) to all the senses. All of this adds life and interest ⑩_____ a poem.
核心素养对接高考
【2023年重庆模拟】
Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today, thousands of years later. Yet the concrete that makes up much of our modern world has a lifespan of around 50 to 100 years. A growing number of scientists have been studying materials from long-ago eras, hoping to uncover how they’ve held up for millennia.
Many researchers have turned to the Romans for inspiration. Starting around 200 BCE, the architects of the Roman Empire were building impressive concrete structures that have stood the test of time. Even in harbors, where seawater has been battering structures for ages, you’ll find concrete basically the way it was when it was poured 2,000 years ago. Most modern concrete starts with Portland cement, a powder made by heating limestone and clay to super-high temperatures and crushing them. That cement is mixed with water to create a chemically reactive paste. Then, blocks of material like rock and gravel are added, and the cement paste mixes them into a concrete mass. According to records from ancient architects, the Roman process was similar. The ancient builders mixed materials like burnt limestone and volcanic sand with water and gravel, creating chemical reactions to stick everything together.
In a study published earlier this year, Admir Masic, a civil and environmental engineer, proposed that this power comes from blocks of lime that are scattered throughout the Roman material instead of being mixed in evenly. Researchers used to think these blocks were a sign that the Romans weren’t mixing up their materials well enough. Instead, after analyzing concrete samples from Privernum—an ancient city outside of Rome — the scientists found that the blocks could fuel the material’s “self-healing” abilities. When cracks form, water is able to flow into the concrete, Masic explained. That water activates the leftover lime, leading to new chemical reactions that can fill in the damaged sections.
The ancient architectures suggested using extracts from local chukum and jiote trees in the lime mix. When researchers tested out the recipe, they found the resulting plaster was especially durable against physical and chemical damage.
Studies have found all kinds of natural materials mixed into structures from long ago: fruit extracts, milk, cheese curd, beer, even dung and urine. The paste that holds together some of China’s most famous structures—including the Great Wall and the Forbidden City — includes traces of sticky rice.
“Some of these ancient builders might have just gotten lucky”, said Cecilia Pesce, a materials scientist at the University of Sheffield in England, “They’d throw just about anything into their mixes, as long as it was cheap and available.”
Today’s builders can’t just copy the ancient recipes. Even though Roman concrete lasted a longtime, it couldn’t hold up heavy loads: “You couldn’t build a modern skyscraper with Roman concrete,” Cecilia said. “It would collapse.” Instead, researchers are trying to take some of the ancient material’s specialties and add them into modern mixes.
1.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A. Lime blocks in Roman concrete indicate poor mixing of materials.
B. Ancient Roman concrete structures have witnessed a long history.
C. Modern builders are confused about the Roman method of construction.
D. The concrete used in modern structures has a lifespan of over 200 years.
2.What is proposed as a possible explanation for the self-healing abilities of Roman concrete
A. The uniform mixing of lime in the concrete.
B. The use of extracts from chukum and jiote trees.
C. The addition of whatever was within reach in the mix.
D. The scattering of blocks of lime throughout the material.
3.The passage mentions that today’s builders can’t simply copy ancient recipes because ______.
A. ancient recipes were not well-documented
B. ancient materials were too expensive
C. ancient materials couldn’t hold up heavy loads
D. ancient builders used materials that are no longer available
4.According to the passage, why do some researchers believe ancient builders included various natural materials in their mixes
A. To enhance the beauty of the structures.
B. To make the construction process more cost-effective.
C. To create structures that were resistant to chemical damage.
D. To follow ancient traditions without considering effectiveness.
【2022年海南模拟】
Literature is the body of written works produced by scholars and researchers, who specialize in a given field. Why is literature important Let's see.
Literary works are descriptions of the thinking patterns and social criteria. They're a description of the different aspects of common people's life. ①______ They also encourage imagination and creativity. Exposing oneself to good literary works is like providing one with the finest educational opportunities. On the other hand, the lack of exposure to good literature is equal to depriving(剥夺) one of the opportunity to grow.
Some of the great literary works provide society with the guiding principles of life. Works by poets like Homer, Plato, Sappho, Horace and many more are timeless. ②______The Lord of the Rings, The Godfather, A Tale of Two Cities, and James Bond series are some of the best-selling books of all time that have entertained several generations.
There are also great works in children's literature. Amused by the stones they tell, kids associate themselves with these books' characters and idealize some of them. Moral stories are an aid for parents and teachers to let the kids learn important lessons in life. Aesop, Enid Blyton, and Mark Twain are some of the most widely popular children's authors. ③______
True, languages are the building blocks of literature. But the study of literature cannot be restricted to only studying languages. ④______A degree in language and literature perhaps can't provide one with everything literature can offer. Its scope(范围) is so deep and wide that even a lifetime may not be enough to really study literature.
⑤______Great literary and poetic works help a person take a closer look at the different aspects of living. In many ways, literature, in its different forms, can change one's attitude towards living.
A. Literature helps understand life.
B. Literature has an effect on health and wealth.
C. They have enriched the childhoods of so many.
D. Classical literary works serve as food for thought.
E. In fact, literature can't be limited to an educational course.
F. They have always amused their readers and will continue to.
G. Instead, literature lays the foundation of a wealthy life, adding "life" to "living"
【2022年重庆模拟】
As the world sees more and more extreme weather patterns, it is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the effects of climate change. It is now ①_______ common topic of discussion and has even found its way into the books we read. Because of this, a genre(类型) ②_______ (call) climate fiction, or cli-fi, has found new life.
The term “cli-fi” ③_______ (use) for the first time in 2007 by US climate activist and writer Dan Bloom. He wanted to make “climate fiction” more ④_______ (appeal). According to Bloom, the term really gained ⑤_______ (popular) when Canadian writer Margaret Atwood used it in a tweet, ⑥_______ (introduce) it to her half-a-million followers.
Just ⑦_______ the name suggests, climate fiction refers to stories with the central theme of climate change or global warming. These kinds of books can help us imagine ⑧_______ the world might be like in the future because of major climate change events.
The genre is welcome among college students because it usually looks at topics that ⑨_______ (be) relevant to what is really happening today. Cli-fi has also helped to inspire students to pursue science majors, with some universities even offering courses ⑩_______ (special) focusing on climate fiction.
答案以及解析
【例题】
一、
1.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩—Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood—来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书)"可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A。
2.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段"They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪)"以及"In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上)"可推知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们的生活饱受磨难。故选D。
3.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉)"可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C。
4.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束)"以及最后一段"Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.(Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品)"可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B。
二、
答案：BCFDA
解析：①根据段首句“Pick a specific theme or idea.”和设空处上文“You can start your poem by focusing on a specific theme or idea that you find fascinating.”可推测,B项承接上文,进一步说明这样做的目的,符合语境,B项中的“This”指代上文中的“focusing on a specific theme or idea”。故选B。
②根据段首句“Choose a poetic form.”和下文"Choose one poetic form and stick to that structure so your poem feels coherent to your readers.”可推测,设空处的内容应该和诗歌形式的选择有关,所以C项符合语境,C项中的“poetic form”为复现短语,段首句和下文中均有提及。故选C。
③根据段首句“Use concrete imagery.”和设空处下文“Using concrete imagery will immerse... and make images come alive for them.”可知,本段主要在讲诗歌的描述要具体,所以F项符合语境,F项中的“concrete descriptions”与段首句及下文中的“concrete imagery”相呼应。故选F。
④根据上文“Literary devices like metaphor and simile add variety and depth to your poetry.”可知,D项承接上文,说明文学手法的作用,符合语境,D项中的“these devices”与上文中的“Literary devices”相呼应。故选D。
⑤下文“Keep a pen close by so you can mark any lines or words that sound awkward or jumbled.”提到标记听起来别扭的地方,所以A项符合语境,A项中的“sound”是复现词。故选A。
三、
答案：①observing②To compose③an④that⑤forms⑥naturally⑦and⑧refers⑨attractive⑩to
解析：①考查非谓语动词。about为介词，后接动词-ing形式作宾语。
②考查非谓语动词。为了作一首诗，首先你要有想法或灵感。由语境可知，此处表目的，故应用动词不定式作目的状语。
③考查冠词。此处表泛指，且abstract的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
④考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词为everything，故填that。
⑤考查名词复数。由空前的形容词many可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。
⑥考查词形转换。修饰动词应用副词形式，故填naturally。
⑦考查连词。both...and...为固定搭配，表示"既……又……"，故填and。
⑧考查时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语rhythm前面无限定词，在此处作不可数名词，故填refers。
⑨考查词形转换。此处为"make +宾语+宾补"结构。由语境可知，此处应用形容词作宾补。
⑩考查介词。add...to..."把……添加到……"，为固定短语。
【2023年重庆模拟】
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Starting around 200 BCE, the architects of the Roman Empire were building impressive concrete structures that have stood the test of time. Even in harbors, where seawater has been battering structures for ages, you’ll find concrete basically the way it was when it was poured 2,000 years ago.(从公元前200年左右开始，罗马帝国的建筑师们开始建造令人印象深刻的混凝土结构，这些结构经受住了时间的考验。即使是在海港里，海水冲刷建筑物已经有很长时间了，你也会发现混凝土基本上还是2000年前浇筑时的样子)”可知，古罗马混凝土结构见证了悠久的历史。故选B。
2.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“In a study published earlier this year, Admir Masic, a civil and environmental engineer, proposed that this power comes from blocks of lime that are scattered throughout the Roman material instead of being mixed in evenly. Researchers used to think these blocks were a sign that the Romans weren’t mixing up their materials well enough. Instead, after analyzing concrete samples from Privernum — an ancient city outside of Rome — the scientists found that the blocks could fuel the material’s “self-healing” abilities. When cracks form, water is able to flow into the concrete, Masic explained. That water activates the leftover lime, leading to new chemical reactions that can fill in the damaged sections. (在今年早些时候发表的一项研究中，土木和环境工程师Admir Masic提出，这种能量来自分散在罗马材料中的石灰块，而不是均匀混合在一起。研究人员过去认为，这些石块表明罗马人没有很好地混合材料。相反，在分析了Privernum——罗马以外的一个古老城市——的混凝土样本后，科学家们发现这些砖块可以促进材料的“自我修复”能力。Masic解释说，当裂缝形成时，水就会流入混凝土中。这些水激活了剩余的石灰，导致新的化学反应，可以填补受损的部分)”可知，遍布材料的石灰块使得罗马混凝土具有自我修复的能力。故选D。
3.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Even though Roman concrete lasted a longtime, it couldn’t hold up heavy loads: “You couldn’t build a modern skyscraper with Roman concrete,” Cecilia said. “It would collapse.”(尽管罗马混凝土使用了很长时间，但它无法承受沉重的负荷:“你无法用罗马混凝土建造一座现代摩天大楼，”塞西莉亚说。“它会崩溃。”)”可知，今天的建造者不能简单地复制古代的方法，因为古代的材料不能承受沉重的负荷。故选C。
4.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Some of these ancient builders might have just gotten lucky”, said Cecilia Pesce, a materials scientist at the University of Sheffield in England, “They’d throw just about anything into their mixes, as long as it was cheap and available.”(英国谢菲尔德大学的材料科学家Cecilia Pesce说：“一些古代建造者可能只是运气好，他们会把任何东西都扔进混合物里，只要便宜、容易买到。”)”可推知，一些研究人员认为，古代建筑者在他们的混合物中加入了各种天然材料，以使施工过程更具成本效益。故选B。
【2022年海南模拟】
答案：DFCEA
解析：①根据空后一句“They also encourage imagination and creativity.(它们还鼓励想象力和创造力。)”中的关键词also可知，空处也是描述文学的作用，D项“经典文学作品是思想的食粮。“符合语境。故选D项。
②根据本段首句“Some of the great literary works provide society with the guiding principles of life.(一些伟大的文学作品为社会提供了生活的指导原则。)”可知,此处是描述文学作品对社会的影响，空前一句“Works by poets like Homer. Plato, Sappho. Horace and many more are timeless.(荷马、柏拉图、萨福、贺拉斯等诗人的作品是永恒的。)”列举了一些伟大的作家的作品，空处应是接着描述他们作品的影响力，F项“它们总是逗乐读者，并将继续这样做。”符合语境，F项中的They指代前一句中的Works。故选F项。
③根据本段首句“There are also great works in children's literature.”可知，本段是介绍儿童文学的影响, 空前一句“Aesop. Enid Blyton, and Mark Twain are some of the most widely popular children's authors.伊索、 伊妮德布莱顿和马克 吐温都是最受欢迎的儿童文学作家）”列举了一些儿童文学作家，C项“他们丰富了许多人的童年。”符合语境，与本段儿童文学主题一致，C项中的They指代前一句中的“Aesop. Enid Blyton, and Mark Twain”。 故选C项。
④根据空前一句“But the study of literature cannot be restricted to only studying languages.(但是文学研究不能仅仅局限于语言研究。)”及空后一句“A degree in language and literature perhaps can't provide one with everything literature can offer.(一个语言文学学位也许不能提供文学所能提供的一切。）”可知，文学范围很广，不能仅限于语言研究，E项“事实上，文学不能局限于一门教育课程。”与此处语意一致，符合语境。故选E项。
⑤空处位于句首， 是段落主题句， 结合本段内容“Great literary and poetic works help a person take a closer look at the different aspects of living. In many ways. literature, in its different forms, can change one's attitude towards living.(伟大的文学和诗歌作品可以帮助人们更深入地观察生活的各个方面。在很多方面，文学，以其不同的形式，可以改变一个人的生活态度。）”可知，本段讲述文学对生活的影响，A项“文学有助于理解生活”符合语境。故选A项。
【2022年重庆模拟】
答案：1. a 2. called 3. was used 4. appealing 5. popularity 6. introducing 7. as 8. what 9. are 10. specially
解析：
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候小说这一文学形式。
[小题1]考查冠词。句意:它现在是一个常见的讨论话题,甚至在我们读的书中都有发现。topic为可数名词此处表示泛指,且common发音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a.
[小题2]考查非谓语动词。句意:由于他的作品,一种被称为气候小说或纪实小说的体裁获得了新生。 分析句子结构可知,已有谓语动词has found,空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语,genre和call为逻辑动宾关系, 需用过去分词形式。故called
[小题3]考查动词时态语态。句意: 2007年,美国气候活动人士兼作家丹布鲁姆首次使用了“气候小说”一词。 根据时间状语"in 2007”可知,此处为一般过去时,主语The term cli - fi和use为被动关系, 需用被动语态,主语为单数名词,be动词用was. 故填was used。
[小题4]考查形容词。句意:他想让“气候小说”更有吸引力。“make+宾语+宾语补足语“为固定用法,空处需填形容词作宾语补足语。故境appealing。
[小题5]考查名词。句意:据布鲁姆说,这个词真正流行起来是在加拿大作家玛格丽特阿特伍德在一条推特上使用了这个词,并把它介绍给了她的50万朵花。Gained后面需填名词作宾语, popular it意为“流行",是不可数名词。故填popularity.
[小题6]考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知,已有谓语动词used,空处需填非谓语动词作状语,Canadian writer Margaret Atwood和introduce为逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式。故填introducing.
[小题7]考查连词。句意:顾名思义,气候小说是指以气候变化或全球变暖为主题的小说。just as为连词,意为“正如引导方式状语从句。故填as。
[小题8]考查宾语从句。句意:这类书籍可以帮助我们想象,由于重大的气候变化事件,未来的世界会是什么样子。空处引导宾语从句,从句缺少表语,需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
[小题9]考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:这类题材在大学生中很受欢迎,因为它通常着眼于与当今真实发生的事情相关的话题。that引导的定语从句缺少谓语动词,此处陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语that, 指代topics, 谓语动词使用复数形式。故填are.
[小题10]考查副词。句意:气候小说也有助于激励学生选择理工科专业,一些大学甚至开设了专门针对气候小说的课程。修饰动词短语focusing on需用副词作状语。故填specially.
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