牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 Food matters期末复习敲重点学案（含答案）

Unit 1 Food matters —2023-2024学年高二英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册期末复习敲重点
学习目标整合
知识与技能目标 获取与梳理出治愈系食物的文章的相关内容；理解并掌握动词不定式作主语和表语；获取、梳理、整合事物介绍类说明文的信息。
过程与方法目标 概括和整合文章内容；赏析语篇的文体特征；掌握动词不定式作主语和表语的规则；学会简单介绍一下月饼和提拉米苏的外观、气味、味道以及人们喜欢月饼和提拉米苏的原因。
情感态度与价值观目标 能够理解文章的主旨大意，体会文章情感；区分和使用正确的不定式形式来完成改写句子和一篇杂志文章的任务；逐步说明如何描述最喜欢的食物。
思维导图回顾知识
重难知识易混易错
【例题】
一、
What's your opinion on spicy food Some people cannot handle even the smallest amount of chili peppers in their dinner while others can't get enough of them.
Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love the chili while others loathe it. Plenty of research has been done on the subject, dating as far back as the 1970s. Previous results showed that a love of chilies is related to childhood experiences, and that cultural influences affect our taste too. But the latest study has found that a person's love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality more than anything else, CBC News reported.
"We have always assumed that the liking drives intake—we eat what we like and we like what we eat. But no one has actually directly bothered to connect personality with intake of chili peppers," said Professor John E. Hayes from Pennsylvania State University, who led the study.
But before you look at the study, you should first know that "spicy" is not a taste, unlike sour, sweet, bitter and salty taste. It is, in fact, a burning feeling that you feel on the surface of your tongue. This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by people's longing for thrill, something they usually get from watching action movies or riding a roller coaster.
In the study, 97 participants, both male and female, were asked to fill out questionnaires about their personality, for example, whether they like new experiences or tend to avoid risks. They were then given a glass of water with capsaicin(辣椒素), the plant chemical that makes a chili bum, mixed into it.
By comparing the answers to the questionnaire and how participants said they felt about the spicy water, researchers found that those who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water.
Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason why some people can withstand(承受) spicy food is that their tongues have become less sensitive to it. However, this latest study has found more otherwise. "It's not that it doesn't burn as badly, but that you actually learn to like the burning feeling," Hayes explained.
1.What's the meaning of the underlined word "loathe" in the second paragraph
A. Dislike. B. Fear. C. Put up with. D. Adapt to.
2.What did Professor John E. Hayes and his team discover from their study
A. What we eat actually helps to develop our personality.
B. Males are more likely to enjoy spicy food than females.
C. Those trying to avoid risks tend to be less interested in spicy food.
D. People are wrong to treat "spicy" as a kind of taste rather than a feeling.
3.Why do some people like spicy food according to the recent study
A. Because their taste has become less sensitive.
B. Because they love the burning feeling.
C. Because they want to challenge themselves.
D. Because the more they try spicy food, the less it burns.
4.What's the main idea of the passage
A. What one likes to eat mainly depends on one's personality.
B. Whether one enjoys spicy food depends largely on one's personality.
C. One's personal experiences have nothing to do with their taste.
D. Different people have different taste.
二、
Everybody knows that reading nonfiction books can help them become more determined and build routine. And this improved lifestyle will reduce their anxiety. When it comes to fiction, on the other hand, people often dismiss the idea. ①______
The substantial benefit of reading fiction is that it will help change your perspectives. When you read a self-help book, you often consume a series of lessons with examples and practical advice. ②______ Fiction, in contrast, gives you access to the struggles, and ideas of various characters. The exchange of information is multi-aided. And once you start considering conflicting views of a particular event, you'll realize that you can't control everything.
③______ When we're dealing with daily stress factors, we feel like the world is falling upon us. In a fictional novel, the characters might experience the same troubles, but we're removed from them. As such, we have a birds-eye view over what's happening in the story. And this view is what we need to reduce our anxiety in the real world.
Fictional stories are also a great way to grasp the power of change-both in the story and in your life in general. When you're reading a story, you're following a journey, and developments in the fictional universe. These changes are imaginary. ④______ In the Alchemist, for example, the main character is traveling for months to find a treasure. He believes that finding the prize will give him joy. Throughout his voyage, he experiences many setbacks, and his vision of the treasure changes. The evolution of the boy in The Alchemist is a reflection of our life. ⑤______ But after many trial and error lessons, we realize that our heart wasn't in it.
A. We want something and we spend years chasing it.
B. But they often mirror events that could happen in real life.
C. We also experience many failures when pursuing our dreams.
D. Consequently, most of the knowledge is passed on one-sidedly.
E. Reading nonfiction is a well-established weapon against anxiety.
F. Fiction gives us a rare chance to see the entire world from distance.
G. In actual fact, reading fiction can also help you overcome your anxiety.
三、
On our way to the house, it was raining ① ____ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ②____(get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ③____ dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ④____ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ⑤____(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya (木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ⑥____(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ⑦____(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were ⑧____(huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we ⑨____(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ⑩____ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
核心素养对接高考
【2023年海南模拟】You're never too young to start being charitable. It doesn't have to be a grand gesture, just something as simple as a lemonade stand.
But sometimes even the smallest gestures can end up becoming a rather big deal. And one perfect example of this is a neighborhood lemonade stand in Peoria, Illinois, which really took off.
It started out when a group of neighborhood kids in the Knolls neighborhood got together in order to participate in a fundraiser to help raise money for the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. The children got busy selling lemonade and other treats all throughout the weekend, and their hard work paid off. In total, they were able to make more than $3,500 for the good cause.
But this charitable lemonade stand isn't in its first year. In fact, it has been several years in the making, all because of one mom's actions. Suzanne Miller has been participating in charity races for the hospital for years, and because of her actions, her kids wanted to join in her fundraising. Hence, the lemonade stand was started.
As Miller shared, “The first year we did it, we raised $220, and we thought that was amazing. Each year, it got bigger and bigger.”
But it's not just the profits that have increased over the years, so have the volunteers. This year, Miller's kids were joined by her neighbor Leslie Rothan's three kids in running the lemonade stand.
Miller posted to the Internet, “The lemonade stand for St. Jude that our neighbors hos- ted this weekend raised $3,515 and donated it to my run goal. I can not find the words to tell you how I feel. It's absolutely incredible to celebrate this way.”
Leslie Rothan said, “As a parent, it really makes you filled with joy. It was their idea, and obviously we wanted to support and encourage them to be as successful as possible, but it really helped them to realize what they were doing and how that money could really help save children.”
1.What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. A small action can be a big deal. B. Children have a lemonade stand.
C. It's never too old to do charity. D. The lemonade stand is successful.
2.What made the kids participate in fundraising
A. Their friends’ suggestion. B. The requirement from a hospital.
C. Their teachers' encouragement. D. The influence from Suzanne Miller.
3.How did Suzanne Miller feel according to her post
A. Worried but grateful. B. Proud and satisfied.
C. Moved and ambitious. D. Surprised but confused.
4.What can we infer from Leslie Rothan's words
A. Parents should try to make kids successful.
B. More money is needed to help the hospital.
C. Saving kids in trouble is very important.
D. The children's action is worthwhile.
【2023年江西上饶模拟】 “Always wear sunscreen.” “Eat a balanced diet.” “A penny saved is a penny earned.” You probably all learned these lessons as a kid. But chances are, despite knowing these, you still stepped outside without putting on sunscreen, gulped an entire bag of chips in one go or spent more money than you had expected. ①______
It’s a mistaken idea that knowing is half the battle. In most situations, just knowing something is not nearly enough for you to put it into practice. ②______ Behavioral scientists have seen people struggle to save money， to cut back on their expenses, even after they’ve taken a financial class. People know what they need to do to improve their financial situation—to save more and spend less. They believe that financial security is just a problem that can be taught to solve. ③______ America spends nearly 700 million dollars every year on financial education programs, yet researchers have found that these programs explained only 0.1% of the change in financial behavior.
④______ If you are struggling, it’s not because there’s something wrong with you. It’s most likely because there is something wrong with how your environment is set up. Look around you. The signals to spend money have got smarter and faster. ⑤______ You can reshape your environment and how you interact with it
A. How to address that
B. But it is often not the case.
C. So what is the reason for it
D. Information doesn’t always change behavior.
E. Behavior change is not educational pursuit but an environmental one.
F. They refer to financial education as a way that can make money for them.
G. Targeted ads are getting more personalized; everything around you is focusing on spending.
【2023年新课标I卷】Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, ①_____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether ②_____(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出), ③_____to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头).
Shanghai may be the ④_____(recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace. There, you'll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup-and the wrappers are pressed ⑤_____ hand rather than rolled.
Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ⑥_____(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ⑦_____(they) contents. The meat should be fresh with ⑧_____ touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is ⑨_____(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left ⑩_____(want) more next time.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love the chili while others loathe it.中的while意为“而，然而”，表示对比，所以推断出loathe应该与love意思相对。A项意为“不喜欢;厌恶”，符合语境。B项意为“害怕”；C项意为“忍受”；D项意为“适应;改变”，均与语境不符。
2.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by people's longing for thrill, something they usually get from watching action movies or riding a roller coaster.可知，这让科学家们认为，也许人们对辛辣食物的喜爱是由于对刺激的渴望，人们通常从看动作片或坐过山车中获得刺激;结合倒数第二段中的those who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water可知，那些喜欢看动作片或冒险的人喜欢辣味水的可能性是其他人的六倍。由此推断出，那些倾向于看动作片和冒险的人可能会更喜欢辣味的食物，反向推之可知C项信息与原文相符。根据第二段最后一句中的But the latest study has found that a person's love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality可知，最新的研究发现，一个人对辛辣食物的喜爱可能与他(她)的性格有关，所以文章提到了性格，但与A项“实际上我们吃的东西有助于培养我们的个性”的内容不符;B项“男性比女性更喜欢吃辣的食物”的信息原文未提及;根据第四段前两句可知，但是在你看研究之前，你应该首先知道辣不是一种味道，不像酸、甜、苦和咸的味道。事实上，它是你在舌头表面感受到的一种强烈的感觉，所以D项“人们错误地把辣当作一种味道，而不是一种感觉”不是研究的发现,是研究之前就存在的事实。
3.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的you actually learn to like the burning feeling可知，人们喜欢吃辣的食物是因为人们喜欢强烈的感觉。所以B项信息与原文相符。根据最后一段第一句Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason why some people can withstand(承受) spicy food is that their tongues have become less sensitive to it.可知，我们过去认为有些人之所以能忍受辛辣食物，是因为他们的舌头对辛辣食物不那么敏感了，所以A项是过去的思想而不是最新研究的发现;C项“因为他们想挑战自己”和D项“因为他们越尝试辣的食物，它越不辣”的信息原文未提及。
4.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句But the latest study has found that a person's love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality more than anything else, CBC News reported.可知，最新研究发现，人们喜欢吃辣味的食物跟性格有关。结合整篇文章的内容可知，文章主要是对此研究做出了具体说明，所以B项符合文章的主旨。文章只提及了“辛辣食物”，所以A项“一个人喜欢吃什么主要取决于他的性格”范围广，超出了文章的主旨范围。C项“个人经历与口味无关”和D项“不同的人有不同的口味”均与文章主旨不符。
二、
答案：①-⑤ GDFBA
解析：①根据上文"Everybody knows that reading nonfiction books can help them become more determined and build routine. And this improved lifestyle will reduce their anxiety. When it comes to fiction, on the other hand, people often dismiss the idea.(每个人都知道阅读非小说类书籍可以帮助他们变得更有决心和建立日常生活。这种改善的生活方式将减少他们的焦虑。另一方面，谈到小说，人们通常会忽略这个想法)"可知，接下来作者应该说读小说也会有一些好处。选项G"事实上，读小说也可以帮助你克服你的紧张。"和上文意思一致。故选G。
②根据上文"The substantial benefit of reading fiction is that it will help change your perspectives. When you read a self-help book, you often consume a series of lessons with examples and practical advice.(阅读小说最大的好处就是它能帮助你改变你的观点。当你阅读一本自助书籍时，你通常会读到一系列的例子和实用建议)"可知，这里提到通过阅读小说，人们可以从小说里面学到一些知识和道理，并且会帮助人们改变观点，这是单方面的学习。选项D"因此，大部分知识都是单方面传授的。"和上文意思一致。故选D。
③根据下文"As such, we have a birds-eye view over what's happening in the story. And this view is what we need to reduce our anxiety in the real world.(因此，我们可以鸟瞰整个故事。这种观点是我们在现实世界中减少焦虑所需要的)"可知，这里提到阅读小说的一个好处是，人们可以从别人的世界体会到现实世界可能会发生的事情，但是我们可以从小说里面提前学习到一些应对的办法。选项F"小说给了我们一个难得的机会，从远处看整个世界。"和下文意思一致。故选F。
④根据下文"In the Alchemist, for example, the main character is traveling for months to find a treasure. He believes that finding the prize will give him joy. Throughout his voyage, he experiences many setbacks, and his vision of the treasure changes. The evolution of the boy in The Alchemist is a reflection of our life.(例如，在《炼金术士》中，主角为了寻找宝藏而奔波数月。他相信找到奖品会给他带来快乐。在整个旅程中，他经历了许多挫折，他对宝藏的看法也发生了变化。炼金术士中男孩的进化，反映了我们的生活)"可知，下文是在举例说明小说中的人物事件也反映了我们的现实生活。选项B"但它们经常反映现实生活中可能发生的事件。"和下文意思一致。故选B。
⑤根据上文"In the Alchemist, for example, the main character is traveling for months to find a treasure. He believes that finding the prize will give him joy. Throughout his voyage, he experiences many setbacks, and his vision of the treasure changes. The evolution of the boy in The Alchemist is a reflection of our life.(例如，在《炼金术士》中，主角为了寻找宝藏而奔波数月。他相信找到奖品会给他带来快乐。在整个旅程中，他经历了许多挫折，他对宝藏的看法也发生了变化。炼金术士中男孩的进化，反映了我们的生活)"可知，这个例子体现出我们会花很长的时间去追求我们想要的东西。选项A"我们想要一些东西并且花很多年去追求。"和上文意思一致。故选A。
三、
答案：①so ②to get ③of ④who ⑤recommended ⑥competition ⑦traditional ⑧hugely ⑨were invited ⑩listening
解析：①考查固定结构。句意：在去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
②考查固定用法。此处考查“it takes sb. some time to do sth.”，表示“花某人多长时间做某事”。
③考查介词的用法。a pack of意为“一群”。故填of。
④考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们被主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters(主人),且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
⑤考查动词的时态。句意：主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。and前后两个动作shared与recommended是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
⑥考查词形转换。由空前的不定冠词an与空后的不定式to watch可以确定空处应该用名词形式。故填competition。
⑦考查词形转换。空处修饰名词stories,应用形容词形式,tradition的形容词为traditional,故填traditional。
⑧考查词形转换。空处单词修饰形容词popular,应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely,故填hugely。
⑨考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；表示“我们被邀请”所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
⑩考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以应用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故填listening。
【2023年海南模拟】
1.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据该画线词前面一句可知, this是指小小的行动会变成一件有意义的事。
2.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段可知, 这些孩子参加资金募集活动是受到Suzanne Miller的影响。
3.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后两段可知, 对于孩子们的优秀表现, Suzanne Miller作为母亲应该是既满意又自豪的。
4.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知, Leslie Rothan认为孩子们的行动是非常值得的、有意义的。
【2023年江西上饶模拟】
答案：①-⑤CDBEG
解析：①联系下文题。下文It’s a mistaken idea that knowing is half the battle. In most situations, just knowing something is not nearly enough for you to put it into practice.（认为知道就等于成功了一半的想法是错误的。在大多数情况下，仅仅知道一些事情是不足以让你付诸实践的。）对文章第一段谈到的问题进行了解释，即"为什么尽管听过道理，但却不会付诸实践"。故C．So what is the reason for it？（原因是什么？）符合语境。故填C项。
②联系下文题。下文Behavioral scientists have seen people struggle to save money， to cut back on their expenses, even after they’ve taken a financial class.（行为科学家看到人们努力存钱，努力削减开支，即使他们已经上了金融课程。）和后文They believe that financial security is just a problem that can be taught to solve.（他们认为财务安全只是一个可以通过学习来解决的问题。）可知，作者并不认为财务安全仅仅只是一个通过学习就能解决的问题，故D．Information doesn't always change behavior.（信息并不总能改变行为。）符合作者的态度，谈到了学习到的信息和人们的行为之间的关系。故填D项。
③联系下文题。后文America spends nearly 700 million dollars every year on financial education programs, yet researchers have found that these programs explained only 0.1% of the change in financial behavior.（美国每年在金融教育项目上花费近7亿美元，但研究人员发现，这些项目只能解释金融行为变化的0.1%。）转折，说明美国每年斥巨资并不能很好地解释金融行为变化，再次证明财务安全并不能光靠学习解决。故B．But it is often not the case.（但事实往往并非如此。）符合语境。故选B项。
④段落主题题。本句为本段起始句，下文If you are struggling, it’s not because there’s something wrong with you. It’s most likely because there is something wrong with how your environment is set up.（如果你在挣扎，那并不是因为你有什么问题。这很可能是因为您的环境设置有问题。）提到关键词environment"环境"，故空处也需要提到此关键词。E．Behavior change is not educational pursuit but an environmental one.（行为改变不是教育追求，而是环境追求。）符合语境。故选E项。
⑤联系上文题。上文Look around you. The signals to spend money have got smarter and faster.（看看你周围。花钱的信号已经变得更加智能和快捷。）将文章从如何存钱转向花钱，故空处也需要与"花钱"有关，便于承接上文。G．Targeted ads are getting more personalized；everything around you is focusing on spending.（定向广告越来越个性化；你周围的一切都在关注消费。）符合语境。故选G项。
【2023年新课标I卷】
答案：tasty；to bite；or；recognized；by；to be lifted；their；a；rarely；wanting
解析：①形容词空处与空前的形容词hot并列，修饰空后的名词soup，故空处填形容词tasty。
②非谓语动词此处考查"whether +不定式"结构，空处与下文的to put 是并列关系。
③连词 whether...or..."是……还是……"是固定搭配。句意：要吃一个小笼包，你必须决定是先把小笼包咬个小口，把热气释放出来，冒着汤汁溢出来的风险，还是把整个包子塞进嘴里，让热汤在你的舌头上爆开。
④非谓语动词此处表示"得到认可的小笼包的发源地"。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词home，且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词 recognized。
⑤介词 by hand"用手工"，是固定搭配。故填by。
⑥非谓语动词 空前的them指代上文的xiao long bao，此处表示"小笼包被从蒸笼里拿出来"。them与lift是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处构成allow sth.to be done结构，意为"允许某事被做"，故空处填 to be lifted。
⑦代词 此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰空后的名词contents，表示"不会使包子开裂，或者溢出包子里的任何东西"。
⑧冠词a touch of"少许，微量"，是固定搭配。句意：肉应该新鲜，带着一丝甜味；汤汁要热、清澈并且美味。注意：and后面的并列分句承前省略了should be。
⑨副词此处enough为形容词，其前应用副词修饰，故填rarely"几乎不"。
⑩非谓语动词 分析句子结构可知，此处考查"leave sb. doing sth."结构，表示"使我想着下次多吃点"。
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